CN211367362U

CN211367362U - Sludge cracking treatment device

Info

Publication number: CN211367362U
Application number: CN201921591350.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王其成; 裴培; 张新云
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-09-24
Filing date: 2019-09-24
Publication date: 2020-08-28
Anticipated expiration: 2029-09-24

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sludge cracking treatment device, which comprises a desorption device and a cracking device; the desorption device is arranged on the upper side of the cracker, the desorption device is connected with the cracker through a pipeline, and the sludge treatment capacities of different shapes are improved by adopting pretreatment, low-temperature desorption and high-temperature cracking technologies; a segmented indirect heating mode is adopted, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled according to the material property, the special requirements of different stages on heat and temperature in the pyrolysis process are met, the graded echelon efficient utilization of heat is realized, and the operation cost is effectively reduced; the equipment adopts a large-torque and anti-plasticity design, is particularly suitable for high-viscosity and strong-plasticity materials, adopts an internal and external heating mode, is meshed with each other and stirred to strengthen the heat transfer between a heat medium and the materials, has a self-cleaning function simultaneously, prevents the materials from being adhered to wall surfaces and blades to cause the problems of coking, blockage and the like, and is beneficial to the long-period stable and safe operation of a system; the production process is in an inert environment, and dioxin is not generated, so that secondary pollution is avoided.

Description

Sludge cracking treatment device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a sludge cracking treatment device.

Background

In recent years, with the economic development and the acceleration of urbanization process of China, the sludge yield of China is increased year by year. According to statistics, the annual output of sludge in China in 2017 is about 7000 ten thousand tons, including about 3500 ten thousand tons of municipal sludge and 3500 ten thousand tons of industrial sludge. The sludge has high organic matter content, is easy to rot and has strong odor, and contains parasitic ova, pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals such as copper, zinc, chromium, mercury and the like, salts, polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin, radioactive nuclide and other refractory toxic and harmful substances, and secondary pollution can be caused if the sludge is not properly treated and is randomly discharged. Meanwhile, the sludge contains nearly 40% of organic biomass and has a certain heat value, so the sludge is regarded as waste and a biomass resource.

The sludge treatment and disposal are divided into two links of sludge treatment and disposal. The sludge treatment refers to the process of stabilizing, reducing and harmlessly treating the sludge, and comprises concentration, dehydration, anaerobic digestion and drying, so as to meet the treatment requirement; the sludge treatment refers to a digestion process after the sludge treatment, also called a resource process, including land utilization, landfill, composting, building material utilization, incineration, pyrolysis and the like, and aims to realize the digestion and utilization of the treated sludge. Sludge treatment and disposal are the same as the treatment and disposal of other solid wastes, and the principles of reduction, stabilization and harmlessness are followed. To achieve the purpose, various sludge treatment processes are formed by combining various devices. The prior mature sludge stabilizing process commonly used at home and abroad comprises the following steps: anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, heat treatment, heating and drying and alkali addition stabilization; common sludge disposal is land utilization, incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, sea throwing, building materials, and the like. The current main sludge treatment and disposal technologies are investigated and analyzed to find that: 1) anaerobic digestion requires sludge with high organic content. The sludge needs to be preheated, a large amount of heat energy is consumed, and the self-maintaining requirement cannot be met; a large amount of biogas residues are generated and need to be treated again, and the problems that the biogas residues can not be operated in winter in northern areas, methane gas is difficult to be merged into municipal pipe networks for utilization, the operation management is complex, the investment and operation cost is high, potential safety hazards exist, the occupied area is large and the like exist at the same time. Heavy metals in sludge aerobic composting are difficult to stabilize and can only be used as fertilizers for landscaping; a large amount of odor is generated in the composting process, so that the surrounding environment is polluted; a large amount of conditioning agents such as straws and the like are added, oxygen is continuously supplied, and the operation cost is high. However, odor emission often affects daily life of surrounding residents, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by open compost is more and more serious. 3) Harmful gases such as dioxin and the like are easily generated in the sludge incineration process, the influence on tail gas emission is large, secondary environment pollution is caused, meanwhile, the investment of incineration power generation and the like is large, the boiler is seriously corroded, and the maintenance cost is high.

The thermal desorption technology is in the early 90 s of the last century, organic matter components in sludge can be converted into available oil gas resources, combustible gas generated by pyrolysis returns to a combustion system of a pyrolysis furnace for resource utilization, and is used for drying pyrolysis, so that the resource utilization efficiency is improved, the operating cost of sludge treatment is obviously reduced, and the economic efficiency is better. The thermal desorption is carried out under the anaerobic condition, so that the problem of secondary pollution caused by a burning method and the like is avoided, and the method is a safe sludge advanced treatment method; after the sludge is pyrolyzed, germs are killed at high temperature, organic matters are decomposed and carbonized, and the actual reduction degree is higher.

At present, thermal desorption devices at home and abroad have various problems of coking, substandard treatment, blockage, inflexible treatment scale and the like, such as: the process adopting the rotary kiln as a core device generally has the problems of large dust, low oil recovery rate, poor quality, pipeline blockage and the like, and cannot be solved; the problems of coking, treatment failure to reach the standard and the like generally exist by adopting single auger equipment, and cannot be solved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a sludge cracking processing apparatus to solve the problem that proposes among the above-mentioned background art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

a sludge cracking treatment device comprises a desorption device and a cracking device; the desorption device is arranged on the upper side of the cracker and is connected with the cracker through a pipeline; the top of the desorption device is sequentially provided with a feed inlet, a desorption device gas outlet and an access hole from left to right; the desorption device also comprises a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a shell heat medium outlet, a shell heat medium inlet, an axial cavity heat medium inlet and an axial cavity heat medium outlet; the desorption device is a double-layer shell; a shell heat medium outlet and a shell heat medium inlet are formed in the side surface of the shell of the double-layer shell; the shell heat medium inlet is arranged on the lower side of the shell heat medium outlet; a driving shaft and a driven shaft are arranged in the double-layer shell, gears are respectively sleeved on the front sides of the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the two gears are meshed with each other, the front end of the driving shaft is connected with a motor through a coupler and a speed reducer, and the speed reducer and the motor are fixedly arranged on the front side of the desorption device through a base; a plurality of blades are sleeved on the outer sides of the driving shaft and the driven shaft at equal intervals; the angle of the blade on the shaft is 180-2 alpha degrees; the front end of the blade is provided with a plate which is vertical to the blade and used for self-cleaning function; the driving shaft, the driven shaft and the blades are hollow, and a shaft cavity heat medium inlet and a shaft cavity heat medium outlet are formed in the rear sides of the driving shaft and the driven shaft.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the shell of the cracker is double-layer, the outer layer of the shell is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a high-temperature flue gas inlet, and the inner layer of the shell is provided with a high-temperature oil gas outlet (14) and penetrates through the outer layer of the shell; the cracking device is characterized in that a stirring shaft is further arranged inside the cracking device, the stirring shaft is hollow, and the rear end of the stirring shaft is connected with a driving device through a coupler and a speed reducer.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the shell heat medium outlet and the shell heat medium inlet are both multiple and are arranged at equal intervals.

As a further aspect of the present invention: and the shaft cavity heat medium inlet and the shaft cavity heat medium outlet are connected with external heat media through pipelines.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the front end of the blade is wider than the rear side, and the angle formed by the two sides of the top end unfolded surface of the blade is beta degrees.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the alpha and beta angles are not more than 30 degrees.

A sludge cracking treatment device and a cracking process comprise the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: pre-treating; detecting the liquid content in the sludge, dividing the sludge into low, medium and high sludge according to the liquid content, respectively crushing the sludge, and quantifying for later use;

step two: conveying the quantified sludge to a desorption device to further evaporate and separate out partial water in the sludge under the low-temperature condition, decomposing low-boiling-point organic pollutants, reducing material viscosity and the like; the dehydration rate of the material by the desorption device can reach 70-95 percent, and the removal rate of the organic components with the boiling point below 200 ℃ can reach 20-50 percent;

step three: the desorbed sludge enters a cracker to crack residual macromolecular organic matters in the sludge; the heating mode of the cracker is high-temperature flue gas external heating; decomposing heavy component organic matters in the sludge to generate high-temperature oil gas;

step four: the cracked high-temperature residue enters a solid waste heat recovery unit to exchange heat with cold air and reduce the temperature to be below 80 ℃, and then the high-temperature residue is conveyed to a residue storage, and the content of volatile components in the treated residue is less than 20%;

step five: high-temperature oil gas generated by the desorption device and the pyrolysis device enters a gas-liquid treatment system to be cooled so as to realize gas-liquid separation, liquid phase enters an oil-water treatment system to be separated, an oil phase product is recovered, and water is recycled after being cooled;

step six: purifying the gas phase in the fifth step, and then sending the purified gas phase into a heat supply unit combustion device to be mixed and combusted with the preheated air in the fourth step in proportion to generate high-temperature flue gas;

step seven: the high-temperature flue gas generated by the heat supply unit firstly supplies heat to the cracker, and the waste heat flue gas (300-;

as a further aspect of the present invention: and the heat medium generated by the heat medium heat exchange unit supplies heat to the desorber.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the pretreatment in the first step is to sort out large impurities such as metal, glass and the like in the sludge and then crush the large impurities into materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the temperature of the desorption device is controlled to be 100-300 ℃.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the temperature of the cracker is controlled at 350-650 ℃.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the temperature of the heating medium after temperature rise in the seventh step is 150-350 ℃.

As a further aspect of the present invention: the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the sixth step is 800-1000 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, this practical beneficial effect is:

1. the design of large torque and plasticity resistance is adopted, the material is particularly suitable for high-viscosity and strong-plasticity materials, and the heat transfer between a heat medium and the materials is enhanced by adopting an internal and external heating mode and mutually meshing and stirring;

2. the composite sealing form is adopted, and cooling protection is carried out, so that the high-temperature sealing problem is solved, and no light hydrocarbon gas overflows and no peculiar smell exists in the production process;

3. the method adopts a sectional indirect heating and sectional temperature control mode, controls the pyrolysis temperature according to the material property, meets the special requirements of different stages on heat and temperature in the pyrolysis process, realizes the graded echelon efficient utilization of heat, effectively reduces the operation cost, is coupled with a multi-stage export technology, and improves the product yield and the added value;

4. the non-condensable gas and oil generated in the pyrolysis process can be used as system fuel; no dioxin is generated, and no secondary pollution is caused;

5. the mutual meshing stirring strengthens the heat transfer between the heat medium and the materials, and the structure has a self-cleaning function at the same time, so that the problems of coking, blockage and the like caused by the adhesion of the materials on the wall surface and the blades are prevented, and the long-period stable and safe operation of the system is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic left-side view of a sludge cracking apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a desorption shaft in a sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a desorption shaft in a sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a blade in a sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a cracking process of a sludge cracking treatment apparatus.

In the figure: the device comprises a desorption device 1, a cracker 2, a driving shaft 3, a driven shaft 4, a feed inlet 5, a desorption device gas outlet 6, a shell heat medium outlet 7, an access hole 8, a shell heat medium inlet 9, an axial cavity heat medium inlet 10, an axial cavity heat medium outlet 11, a high-temperature flue gas outlet 12, a high-temperature flue gas inlet 13, a high-temperature oil gas outlet 14, a discharge controller 16 and blades 17.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Example 1

A sludge cracking treatment device comprises a desorption device 1 and a cracking device 2; the desorption device 1 is arranged on the upper side of the cracker 2, and the desorption device 1 is connected with the cracker 2 through a pipeline; the top of the desorption device 1 is sequentially provided with a feed inlet 5, a desorption device gas outlet 6 and an access hole 8 from left to right; the desorption device 1 also comprises a driving shaft 3, a driven shaft 4, a shell heat medium outlet 7, a shell heat medium inlet 9, an axial cavity heat medium inlet 10 and an axial cavity heat medium outlet 11; the desorption device 1 is a double-layer shell; a shell heat medium outlet 7 and a shell heat medium inlet 9 are formed in the side surface of the shell of the double-layer shell; the shell heat medium inlet 9 is arranged at the lower side of the shell heat medium outlet 7; a driving shaft 3 and a driven shaft 4 are arranged in the double-layer shell, gears are respectively sleeved on the front sides of the driving shaft 3 and the driven shaft 4, the two gears are meshed with each other, the front end of the driving shaft 3 is connected with a motor through a coupler and a speed reducer, and the speed reducer and the motor are fixedly arranged on the front side of the desorption device through a base; a plurality of blades 17 are sleeved on the outer sides of the driving shaft 3 and the driven shaft 4 at equal intervals; the angle of each blade 17 on the shaft is 180-2 alpha degrees; the front end of each blade 17 is provided with a plate which is vertical to the blade 17 and used for self-cleaning function; the driving shaft 3, the driven shaft 4 and the blades 17 are hollow, and a shaft cavity heat medium inlet 10 and a shaft cavity heat medium outlet 11 are formed in the rear sides of the driving shaft 3 and the driven shaft 4.

The shell of the cracker 2 is double-layer, a high-temperature flue gas outlet 12 and a high-temperature flue gas inlet 13 are arranged on the outer layer of the shell, and a high-temperature oil gas outlet (14) is arranged on the inner layer of the shell and penetrates through the outer layer of the shell; the cracker 2 is characterized in that a stirring shaft is further arranged in the cracker 2, the stirring shaft is hollow, and the rear end of the stirring shaft is connected with a driving device through a coupler and a speed reducer.

The shell heat medium outlet 7 and the shell heat medium inlet 9 are both multiple and are arranged at equal intervals.

The shaft cavity heat medium inlet 10 and the shaft cavity heat medium outlet 11 are connected with external heat medium through pipelines.

The front end of the blade 17 is wider than the rear side, and the angle formed by the two sides of the unfolded surface of the top end of the blade 17 is beta degrees.

The desorption device 1 is connected with the cracker 2 through two pipelines, a discharge controller 16 is arranged in the middle of each pipeline, the discharge controller 16 comprises a shifting piece, a driving gear, a driven gear and a driving device, the shifting piece is rotatably installed inside the pipeline, the diameter of the shifting piece is matched with the inner diameter of the pipeline, the shifting piece is fixedly installed on a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft extends to the outer side of the pipeline and is connected with the driven gear, the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, the driving gear is sleeved on an output shaft of a speed reducer, an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the driving device through a coupler, the driving device is one type of a servo motor, and the driving device rotates to accelerate the rotating speed of the shifting piece, so that sludge can rapidly enter the cracker 2.

The alpha and beta angles are not more than 30 degrees.

A cracking process of a sludge cracking treatment device comprises the following steps:

and the heat medium generated by the heat medium heat exchange unit supplies heat to the desorber.

The pretreatment in the first step is to sort out large impurities such as metal, glass and the like in the sludge and then crush the large impurities into materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm;

the temperature of the desorption device is controlled to be 100-300 ℃; the temperature of the cracker is controlled at 350-650 ℃; the temperature of the heated heating medium in the seventh step is 150-350 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the sixth step is 800-1000 DEG C

The working principle of the utility model is that: the process adopts pretreatment, low-temperature desorption and high-temperature cracking technologies to improve the sludge treatment capacity; a segmented indirect heating mode is adopted, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled according to the material property, the special requirements of different stages on heat and temperature in the pyrolysis process are met, the graded echelon efficient utilization of heat is realized, and the operation cost is effectively reduced; the equipment adopts a large-torque and anti-plasticity design, is particularly suitable for high-viscosity and strong-plasticity materials, adopts an internal and external heating mode, is meshed with each other and stirred to strengthen the heat transfer between a heat medium and the materials, has a self-cleaning function simultaneously, prevents the materials from being adhered to wall surfaces and blades to cause the problems of coking, blockage and the like, and is beneficial to the long-period stable and safe operation of a system; the production process is in an inert environment, and dioxin is not generated, so that secondary pollution is avoided.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A sludge cracking treatment device is characterized by comprising a desorption device (1) and a cracking device (2); the desorption device (1) is arranged on the upper side of the cracker (2), and the desorption device (1) is connected with the cracker (2) through a pipeline; the top of the desorption device (1) is sequentially provided with a feed inlet (5), a desorption device gas outlet (6) and an access hole (8) from left to right; the desorption device (1) also comprises a driving shaft (3), a driven shaft (4), a shell heat medium outlet (7), a shell heat medium inlet (9), an axial cavity heat medium inlet (10) and an axial cavity heat medium outlet (11); the desorption device (1) is a double-layer shell; a shell heat medium outlet (7) and a shell heat medium inlet (9) are formed in the side surface of the shell of the double-layer shell; the shell heat medium inlet (9) is arranged at the lower side of the shell heat medium outlet (7); a driving shaft (3) and a driven shaft (4) are arranged inside the double-layer shell, gears are respectively sleeved on the front sides of the driving shaft (3) and the driven shaft (4) and are meshed with each other, the front end of the driving shaft (3) is connected with a motor through a coupler and a speed reducer, and a plurality of blades (17) are sleeved on the outer sides of the driving shaft (3) and the driven shaft (4) at equal intervals; the angle of the blade (17) on the shaft is 180-2 alpha degrees; the front end of each blade (17) is provided with a plate which is vertical to the blade (17) and used for self-cleaning function; the driving shaft (3), the driven shaft (4) and the blades (17) are hollow, and a shaft cavity heat medium inlet (10) and a shaft cavity heat medium outlet (11) are formed in the driving shaft (3) and the driven shaft (4); the desorption device comprises a desorption device (1) and a pyrolysis device (2), wherein the desorption device is connected with the middle of the pyrolysis device through two pipelines, a discharge controller (16) is arranged in the middle of each pipeline, the discharge controller (16) comprises a shifting piece, a driving gear, a driven gear and a driving device, the shifting piece is rotatably installed inside the pipeline, the diameter of the shifting piece is matched with the inner diameter of the pipeline, the shifting piece is fixedly installed on a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft extends to the outer side of the pipeline and is connected with the driven gear, the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, the driving gear is sleeved on an output shaft of a speed reducer, and an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of.

2. The sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the shell of the cracker (2) is double-layered, the outer layer of the layer shell is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet (12) and a high-temperature flue gas inlet (13), the inner layer of the layer shell is provided with a high-temperature oil gas outlet (14), and the high-temperature oil gas outlet penetrates through the outer layer of the layer shell; the cracking device is characterized in that a stirring shaft is further arranged inside the cracking device (2), the stirring shaft is hollow, and the rear end of the stirring shaft is connected with a driving device through a coupler and a speed reducer.

3. The sludge pyrolysis treatment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shell heating medium outlet (7) and the shell heating medium inlet (9) are provided in plurality and are arranged at equal intervals.

4. The sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axial heat medium inlet (10) and the axial heat medium outlet (11) are connected to an external heat medium through a pipeline.

5. The sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the blade (17) is wider than the rear side, and the angle formed by the two sides of the spread surface of the top end of the blade (17) is β degrees.

6. The sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the α β angle is not more than 30 degrees.