CN112624549A - High-liquid-content oil sludge cracking treatment device and process - Google Patents
High-liquid-content oil sludge cracking treatment device and process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device which comprises a desorption device and a cracker; the desorption device is arranged on the upper side of the cracker, the desorption device is connected with the cracker through a pipeline, and the high liquid-containing oil sludge treatment capacity is improved by adopting pretreatment, drying dehydration, low-temperature desorption and high-temperature cracking technologies; a segmented indirect heating mode is adopted, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled according to the material property, the special requirements of different stages on heat and temperature in the pyrolysis process are met, the graded echelon efficient utilization of heat is realized, and the operation cost is effectively reduced; the equipment adopts a large-torque and anti-plasticity design, is particularly suitable for high-viscosity and strong-plasticity materials, adopts an internal and external heating mode, is meshed with each other and stirred to strengthen the heat transfer between a heat medium and the materials, has a self-cleaning function simultaneously, prevents the materials from being adhered to wall surfaces and blades to cause the problems of coking, blockage and the like, and is beneficial to the long-period stable and safe operation of a system; the production process is in an inert environment, and dioxin is not generated, so that secondary pollution is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device and a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment process.
Background
The oily sludge refers to sludge mixed with crude oil, various finished oils, residual oil and other heavy oils. Oily sludge is harmful to human bodies and plants and water organisms, oil gas evaporated in the air can stimulate the skin, eyes and respiratory organs, so that the land loses the function of plant growth, and the oily sludge is difficult to treat and repair and is one of the main dangerous pollutants in the petroleum and petrochemical industry.
According to the estimation, the yield of the dirty oil sludge of each large oil field in China is quite large, which accounts for about 2% of the total yield of crude oil, the content of the crude oil in the oil sludge is about 10% -30%, about ten thousands of tons of crude oil exist in the dirty oil sludge every year, the crude oil is not utilized, a large amount of waste of the crude oil is caused, the oil sludge which is not reasonably treated can cause a large amount of occupation of cultivated land and serious pollution to the environment, and the improper treatment of the dirty oil sludge can cause huge economic loss to enterprises, so that the dirty oil sludge must be reasonably treated and effectively utilized.
Typical types of oily sludge include: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning tank oil sludge, tank bottom sludge, ground sludge, three-sludge of refining enterprises and the like. The specific source, shape and composition (the components and contents of characteristic organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants and the solid particle size distribution) of the oily sludge have decisive influence on the process selection, the treatment effect, the equipment type selection and the like. Due to the diversity and randomness of the sources, the characteristics and pollution characteristics of the sludge are greatly different, and are reflected in the main analysis indexes of water content, solid content, oil content and the like, and even the sludge from the same source or even the sludge from the same source can be greatly changed.
The final purpose of the oily sludge treatment is to achieve reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness. In order to realize the thorough treatment and resource utilization of the oily sludge, a great deal of research and practice is carried out at home and abroad, and certain progress is made. The treatment methods commonly used at present are: solvent extraction, stratum deep injection, thermochemical washing, thermal desorption, incineration, biological, profile control and comprehensive utilization.
From the environmental requirements and the technical development trend, the traditional landfill method needs to occupy a large amount of land resources, addresses both the symptoms and root causes, has the risks of oil and gas dissipation polluting the atmosphere and soil leakage polluting groundwater, is more and more difficult to meet the environmental requirements, and is gradually abandoned in developed countries. The solvent extraction method has complex treatment process, is easy to generate secondary pollution and is difficult to meet the production requirement. Although the biological conversion technology is generally concerned and valued at home and abroad at present, the reaction conditions have a lot of influence factors and great operation difficulty, and in addition, the biological conversion technology also has the defects of large occupied area, long conversion period and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of industrial application at present. The preparation of the oily sludge is used for the comprehensive utilization technology of the oily sludge such as a deep profile control agent of a water injection well, oily sludge power generation and the like, has higher requirements on the aspects of technology, capital, objective conditions and the like, and is difficult to popularize and apply in the whole industry. As can be seen from the above table, only the incineration method and the thermal desorption treatment are mature organic solid waste treatment technologies, and both have the characteristics of thorough treatment, no scale limitation and the like. The incineration method needs to introduce incineration equipment, the existing mature rotary kiln type incinerator needs to be supplemented with diesel oil, and in order to meet the environmental protection requirement of combustion flue gas emission, a dust removal and gas washing facility with huge investment needs to be adopted. The method has the advantages of high one-time investment, high operation cost, incapability of recovering crude oil, generation of toxic and harmful gases such as dioxin, NOx and the like in the combustion process, high combustion temperature (generally over 1100 ℃), low heat energy utilization rate and high difficulty in practical application.
The thermal desorption technology is a novel technical method which is rapidly developed in the early 90 s of the last century abroad and is commonly used for the harmless treatment of the oily sludge. The oily sludge is heated to the temperature between the boiling point of water and the cracking temperature of hydrocarbon substances under the condition of no oxygen, then the hydrocarbon and macromolecular organic matters are resolved, wherein light hydrocarbon and water are recovered by evaporation and condensation, heavy hydrocarbon and inorganic matters are taken out from a separation tower in the form of slurry and subjected to solid-liquid re-separation, and then the heavy hydrocarbon is recovered. The technology can effectively recover the petroleum resources in the oily sludge, and is not easy to generate secondary pollutants, thereby realizing the resource utilization of the oily sludge and the cyclic utilization of wastes. In addition, because the temperature of the oily sludge thermal desorption technology is in a medium-temperature and low-temperature reduction environment, the oily sludge thermal desorption technology is not easy to generate toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, and the like, is also beneficial to the improvement of the quality of recovered petroleum, and is also beneficial to the stabilization of substances such as heavy metals, and the like. Internationally, the thermal desorption technology is an early and rapidly developed technology which is most widely applied at present and can realize the recycling and harmless treatment of the oily sludge in one step, and researchers in various countries also develop thermal desorption technologies suitable for the researchers.
At present, thermal desorption devices at home and abroad have various problems of coking, substandard treatment, blockage, inflexible treatment scale and the like, such as: the process adopting the rotary kiln as a core device generally has the problems of large dust, low oil recovery rate, poor quality, pipeline blockage and the like, and cannot be solved; the problems of coking, substandard treatment and the like generally exist by adopting single auger equipment, and the problem cannot be solved
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device and a cracking process, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device comprises a desorption device and a cracking device; the desorption device is arranged on the upper side of the cracker and is connected with the cracker through a pipeline; the top of the desorption device is sequentially provided with a feed inlet, a desorption device gas outlet and an access hole from left to right; the desorption device also comprises a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a shell heat medium outlet, a shell heat medium inlet, an axial cavity heat medium inlet and an axial cavity heat medium outlet; the desorption device is a double-layer shell; a shell heat medium outlet and a shell heat medium inlet are formed in the side surface of the shell of the double-layer shell; the shell heat medium inlet is arranged on the lower side of the shell heat medium outlet; a driving shaft and a driven shaft are arranged in the double-layer shell, gears are respectively sleeved on the front sides of the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the two gears are meshed with each other, the front end of the driving shaft is connected with a motor through a coupler and a speed reducer, and the speed reducer and the motor are fixedly arranged on the front side of the desorption device through a base; a plurality of blades are sleeved on the outer sides of the driving shaft and the driven shaft at equal intervals; the angle of the blade on the shaft is 180-2 alpha degrees; the front end of the blade is provided with a plate which is vertical to the blade and used for self-cleaning function; the driving shaft, the driven shaft and the blades are hollow, and a shaft cavity heat medium inlet and a shaft cavity heat medium outlet are formed in the rear sides of the driving shaft and the driven shaft.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the shell of the cracker is double-layer, the outer layer of the shell is provided with a high-temperature flue gas outlet and a high-temperature flue gas inlet, and the inner layer of the shell is provided with a high-temperature oil gas outlet (14) and penetrates through the outer layer of the shell; the cracking device is characterized in that a stirring shaft is further arranged inside the cracking device, the stirring shaft is hollow, and the rear end of the stirring shaft is connected with a driving device through a coupler and a speed reducer.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the shell heat medium outlet and the shell heat medium inlet are both multiple and are arranged at equal intervals.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and the shaft cavity heat medium inlet and the shaft cavity heat medium outlet are connected with external heat media through pipelines.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the front end of the blade is wider than the rear side, and the angle formed by the two sides of the top end unfolded surface of the blade is beta degrees.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the alpha and beta angles are not more than 30 degrees.
A high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device and a cracking process comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pre-treating; after bag breaking, sorting and crushing, high liquid content oil sludge (the liquid content is more than or equal to 80%) is sent into a physical reduction unit and a drying unit for primary oil recovery and moisture removal, and then is quantitatively reserved;
step two: conveying the dewatered and deoiled oil sludge to a desorption device, evaporating and separating out residual water in the oil sludge at low temperature, decomposing low-boiling-point organic pollutants, reducing material viscosity and the like; the dehydration rate of the material by the desorption device can reach 70-95 percent, and the removal rate of the organic components with the boiling point below 200 ℃ can reach 20-50 percent;
step three: after desorption, the oil sludge enters a cracker to crack the residual macromolecular organic matters in the oil sludge; the heating mode of the cracker is high-temperature flue gas external heating; decomposing heavy organic matters in the oil sludge to generate high-temperature oil gas;
step four: the cracked high-temperature residue enters a solid waste heat recovery unit to exchange heat with cold air and reduce the temperature to be below 80 ℃, and then the high-temperature residue is conveyed to a residue storage, wherein the content of mineral oil in the treated residue is 0.5 per mill to 2 percent;
step five: high-temperature oil gas generated by the desorption device and the pyrolysis device enters a gas-liquid treatment system to be cooled so as to realize gas-liquid separation, liquid phase enters an oil-water treatment system to be separated, light crude oil is recovered, and water is recycled after being cooled;
step six: purifying the gas phase in the fifth step, and then sending the purified gas phase into a heat supply unit combustion device to be mixed and combusted with the preheated air in the fourth step in proportion to generate high-temperature flue gas;
step seven: the high-temperature flue gas generated by the heat supply unit firstly supplies heat to the cracker, and the waste heat flue gas (300-;
as a still further scheme of the invention: and the heat medium generated by the heat medium heat exchange unit supplies heat to the desorber.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the pretreatment in the first step is to break the bag of the oily sludge, then separate out large impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then break the large impurities into materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm; and the crushed oil sludge enters a physical reduction unit to recover part of light oil products and water, and then is further subjected to deep dehydration through a drying unit.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the physical reduction unit is used for heating (less than 80 ℃) the crushed oil sludge or adding a chemical agent (a flocculating agent and a demulsifier) or stirring and tempering, so that the fluidity is improved, and the separation efficiency of oil, water and sludge is improved. And (3) the oil sludge after the tempering enters centrifugal separation equipment to carry out liquid-solid separation or oil-water-solid three-phase separation, and light oil products and part of water are recovered.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the drying unit sends the residual solid-phase product after the reduction into a drying device to remove water (40-200 ℃) in a direct or indirect heating mode, the dried solid phase is sent to a desorber for further treatment, the water vapor generated by drying is condensed into a water phase through a vapor condenser for recycling of a system, and a small part of dry gas is sent to a cracker heat supply unit to be combusted together with pyrolysis gas for heat supply.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the desorption device is controlled to be 100-300 ℃.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the cracker is controlled at 350-650 ℃.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the heating medium after temperature rise in the seventh step is 150-350 ℃.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the sixth step is 800-1000 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the design of large torque and plasticity resistance is adopted, the material is particularly suitable for high-viscosity and strong-plasticity materials, and the heat transfer between a heat medium and the materials is enhanced by adopting an internal and external heating mode and mutually meshing and stirring;
2. the composite sealing form is adopted, and cooling protection is carried out, so that the high-temperature sealing problem is solved, and no light hydrocarbon gas overflows and no peculiar smell exists in the production process;
3. the method adopts a sectional indirect heating and sectional temperature control mode, controls the pyrolysis temperature according to the material property, meets the special requirements of different stages on heat and temperature in the pyrolysis process, realizes the graded echelon efficient utilization of heat, effectively reduces the operation cost, is coupled with a multi-stage export technology, and improves the product yield and the added value;
4. the non-condensable gas and oil generated in the pyrolysis process can be used as system fuel; no dioxin is generated, and no secondary pollution is caused;
5. the mutual meshing stirring strengthens the heat transfer between the heat medium and the materials, and the structure has a self-cleaning function at the same time, so that the problems of coking, blockage and the like caused by the adhesion of the materials on the wall surface and the blades are prevented, and the long-period stable and safe operation of the system is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device in a front view;
fig. 2 is a left-side view structural schematic diagram of a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a de-adsorber shaft in a high liquid content sludge pyrolysis treatment unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a desorption shaft in a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vane in a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a cracking process of the high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device.
In the figure: the device comprises a desorption device 1, a cracker 2, a driving shaft 3, a driven shaft 4, a feed inlet 5, a desorption device gas outlet 6, a shell heat medium outlet 7, an access hole 8, a shell heat medium inlet 9, an axial cavity heat medium inlet 10, an axial cavity heat medium outlet 11, a high-temperature flue gas outlet 12, a high-temperature flue gas inlet 13, a high-temperature oil gas outlet 14, a discharge controller 16 and blades 17.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device comprises a desorption device 1 and a cracking device 2; the desorption device 1 is arranged on the upper side of the cracker 2, and the desorption device 1 is connected with the cracker 2 through a pipeline; the top of the desorption device 1 is sequentially provided with a feed inlet 5, a desorption device gas outlet 6 and an access hole 8 from left to right; the desorption device 1 also comprises a driving shaft 3, a driven shaft 4, a shell heat medium outlet 7, a shell heat medium inlet 9, an axial cavity heat medium inlet 10 and an axial cavity heat medium outlet 11; the desorption device 1 is a double-layer shell; a shell heat medium outlet 7 and a shell heat medium inlet 9 are formed in the side surface of the shell of the double-layer shell; the shell heat medium inlet 9 is arranged at the lower side of the shell heat medium outlet 7; a driving shaft 3 and a driven shaft 4 are arranged in the double-layer shell, gears are respectively sleeved on the front sides of the driving shaft 3 and the driven shaft 4, the two gears are meshed with each other, the front end of the driving shaft 3 is connected with a motor through a coupler and a speed reducer, and the speed reducer and the motor are fixedly arranged on the front side of the desorption device through a base; a plurality of blades 17 are sleeved on the outer sides of the driving shaft 3 and the driven shaft 4 at equal intervals; the angle of each blade 17 on the shaft is 180-2 alpha degrees; the front end of each blade 17 is provided with a plate which is vertical to the blade 17 and used for self-cleaning function; the driving shaft 3, the driven shaft 4 and the blades 17 are hollow, and a shaft cavity heat medium inlet 10 and a shaft cavity heat medium outlet 11 are formed in the rear sides of the driving shaft 3 and the driven shaft 4.
The shell of the cracker 2 is double-layer, a high-temperature flue gas outlet 12 and a high-temperature flue gas inlet 13 are arranged on the outer layer of the shell, and a high-temperature oil gas outlet (14) is arranged on the inner layer of the shell and penetrates through the outer layer of the shell; the cracker 2 is characterized in that a stirring shaft is further arranged in the cracker 2, the stirring shaft is hollow, and the rear end of the stirring shaft is connected with a driving device through a coupler and a speed reducer.
The shell heat medium outlet 7 and the shell heat medium inlet 9 are both multiple and are arranged at equal intervals.
The shaft cavity heat medium inlet 10 and the shaft cavity heat medium outlet 11 are connected with external heat medium through pipelines.
The front end of the blade 17 is wider than the rear side, and the angle formed by the two sides of the unfolded surface of the top end of the blade 17 is beta degrees.
The middle of the desorption device 1 and the middle of the cracker 2 are connected through a single pipeline, the middle of the pipeline is provided with a discharge controller 16, the discharge controller 16 comprises a shifting piece and a handle, the shifting piece is rotatably installed inside the pipeline, the diameter of the shifting piece is matched with the inner diameter of the pipeline, the shifting piece is fixedly installed on a rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft extends to the outer side of the pipeline and is connected with the handle.
The alpha and beta angles are not more than 30 degrees.
A cracking process of a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pre-treating; after bag breaking, sorting and crushing, high liquid content oil sludge (the liquid content is more than or equal to 80%) is sent into a physical reduction unit and a drying unit for primary oil recovery and moisture removal, and then is quantitatively reserved;
step two: conveying the dewatered and deoiled oil sludge to a desorption device, evaporating and separating out residual water in the oil sludge at low temperature, decomposing low-boiling-point organic pollutants, reducing material viscosity and the like; the dehydration rate of the material by the desorption device can reach 70-95 percent, and the removal rate of the organic components with the boiling point below 200 ℃ can reach 20-50 percent;
step three: after desorption, the oil sludge enters a cracker to crack the residual macromolecular organic matters in the oil sludge; the heating mode of the cracker is high-temperature flue gas external heating; decomposing heavy organic matters in the oil sludge to generate high-temperature oil gas;
step four: the cracked high-temperature residue enters a solid waste heat recovery unit to exchange heat with cold air and reduce the temperature to be below 80 ℃, and then the high-temperature residue is conveyed to a residue storage, wherein the content of mineral oil in the treated residue is 0.5 per mill to 2 percent;
step five: high-temperature oil gas generated by the desorption device and the pyrolysis device enters a gas-liquid treatment system to be cooled so as to realize gas-liquid separation, liquid phase enters an oil-water treatment system to be separated, light crude oil is recovered, and water is recycled after being cooled;
step six: purifying the gas phase in the fifth step, and then sending the purified gas phase into a heat supply unit combustion device to be mixed and combusted with the preheated air in the fourth step in proportion to generate high-temperature flue gas;
step seven: the high-temperature flue gas generated by the heat supply unit firstly supplies heat to the cracker, and the waste heat flue gas (300-;
and the heat medium generated by the heat medium heat exchange unit supplies heat to the desorber.
The pretreatment in the first step is to break the bag of the oily sludge, then separate out large impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then break the large impurities into materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm. And the crushed oil sludge enters a physical reduction unit to recover part of light oil products and water, and then is further subjected to deep dehydration through a drying unit.
In the first step, the physical reduction unit is used for heating (less than 80 ℃) the crushed oil sludge or adding a chemical agent (a flocculating agent and a demulsifier) or stirring and tempering, so that the fluidity is improved, and the separation efficiency of oil, water and sludge is improved. And (3) the oil sludge after the tempering enters centrifugal separation equipment to carry out liquid-solid separation or oil-water-solid three-phase separation, and light oil products and part of water are recovered.
And in the first step, the drying unit sends the residual solid-phase product after the reduction into a drying device to remove water (40-60 ℃) in a direct or indirect heating mode, the dried solid phase is sent to a desorber for further treatment, the water vapor generated by drying is condensed into a water phase through a vapor condenser for recycling of the system, and a small part of dry gas is sent to a cracker heat supply unit to be combusted together with pyrolysis gas for heat supply.
The temperature of the desorption device is controlled to be 100-300 ℃; the temperature of the cracker is controlled at 350-650 ℃; the temperature of the heated heating medium in the seventh step is 150-350 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the sixth step is 800-1000 DEG C
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the process adopts pretreatment, drying dehydration, low-temperature desorption and high-temperature cracking technologies to improve the treatment capacity of the high-liquid-content oil sludge; a segmented indirect heating mode is adopted, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled according to the material property, the special requirements of different stages on heat and temperature in the pyrolysis process are met, the graded echelon efficient utilization of heat is realized, and the operation cost is effectively reduced; the equipment adopts a large-torque and anti-plasticity design, is particularly suitable for high-viscosity and strong-plasticity materials, adopts an internal and external heating mode, is meshed with each other and stirred to strengthen the heat transfer between a heat medium and the materials, has a self-cleaning function simultaneously, prevents the materials from being adhered to wall surfaces and blades to cause the problems of coking, blockage and the like, and is beneficial to the long-period stable and safe operation of a system; the production process is in an inert environment, and dioxin is not generated, so that secondary pollution is avoided.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device and a process are characterized by comprising a desorption device (1) and a cracker (2); the desorption device (1) is arranged on the upper side of the cracker (2), and the desorption device (1) is connected with the cracker (2) through a pipeline; the top of the desorption device (1) is sequentially provided with a feed inlet (5), a desorption device gas outlet (6) and an access hole (8) from left to right; the desorption device (1) also comprises a driving shaft (3), a driven shaft (4), a shell heat medium outlet (7), a shell heat medium inlet (9), an axial cavity heat medium inlet (10) and an axial cavity heat medium outlet (11); the desorption device (1) is a double-layer shell; a shell heat medium outlet (7) and a shell heat medium inlet (9) are formed in the side surface of the shell of the double-layer shell; the shell heat medium inlet (9) is arranged at the lower side of the shell heat medium outlet (7); a driving shaft (3) and a driven shaft (4) are arranged inside the double-layer shell, gears are respectively sleeved on the front sides of the driving shaft (3) and the driven shaft (4) and are meshed with each other, the front end of the driving shaft (3) is connected with a motor through a coupler and a speed reducer, and a plurality of blades (17) are sleeved on the outer sides of the driving shaft (3) and the driven shaft (4) at equal intervals; the angle of the blade (17) on the shaft is 180-2 alpha degrees; the front end of each blade (17) is provided with a plate which is vertical to the blade (17) and used for self-cleaning function; the driving shaft (3), the driven shaft (4) and the blades (17) are hollow, and a shaft cavity heat medium inlet (10) and a shaft cavity heat medium outlet (11) are formed in the driving shaft (3) and the driven shaft (4).
2. The high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the shell of the cracker (2) is double-layered, the outer layer of the layer shell is provided with a high temperature flue gas outlet (12) and a high temperature flue gas inlet (13), the inner layer of the layer shell is provided with a high temperature oil gas outlet (14), and the high temperature oil gas outlet penetrates through the outer layer of the layer shell; the cracking device is characterized in that a stirring shaft is further arranged inside the cracking device (2), the stirring shaft is hollow, and the rear end of the stirring shaft is connected with a driving device through a coupler and a speed reducer.
3. The high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the shell heating medium outlet (7) and the shell heating medium inlet (9) are both provided in plurality and are arranged at equal intervals.
4. The high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the axial cavity heat medium inlet (10) and the axial cavity heat medium outlet (11) are connected with external heat medium through pipelines.
5. The high liquid content sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the blade (17) is wider than the rear side, and the angle formed by the two sides of the spread surface of the top end of the blade (17) is β degrees.
6. The high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the angles α and β are not more than 30 degrees.
7. A process for a high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pre-treating; after bag breaking, sorting and crushing, sending the high liquid content oil sludge into a physical reduction unit and a drying unit for primary oil recovery and moisture removal, and quantifying for later use;
step two: conveying the dewatered and deoiled oil sludge to a desorption device, evaporating and separating out residual water in the oil sludge at low temperature, decomposing low-boiling-point organic pollutants, reducing material viscosity and the like; the dehydration rate of the material by the desorption device can reach 70-95 percent, and the removal rate of the organic components with the boiling point below 200 ℃ can reach 20-50 percent;
step three: after desorption, the oil sludge enters a cracker to crack the residual macromolecular organic matters in the oil sludge; the heating mode of the cracker is high-temperature flue gas external heating; decomposing heavy organic matters in the oil sludge to generate high-temperature oil gas;
step four: the cracked high-temperature residue enters a solid waste heat recovery unit to exchange heat with cold air and reduce the temperature to be below 80 ℃, and then the high-temperature residue is conveyed to a residue storage, wherein the content of mineral oil in the treated residue is 0.5 per mill to 2 percent;
step five: high-temperature oil gas generated by the desorption device and the pyrolysis device enters a gas-liquid treatment system to be cooled so as to realize gas-liquid separation, liquid phase enters an oil-water treatment system to be separated, light crude oil is recovered, and water is recycled after being cooled;
step six: purifying the gas phase in the fifth step, and then sending the purified gas phase into a heat supply unit combustion device to be mixed and combusted with the preheated air in the fourth step in proportion to generate high-temperature flue gas;
step seven: the high-temperature flue gas generated by the heat supply unit firstly supplies heat to the cracker, and the waste heat flue gas at the temperature of 300 plus 700 ℃ exchanges heat with the heat medium of the heat medium heat exchange unit to reduce the temperature and then is discharged after reaching the standard.
8. The process of the high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the high liquid content oil sludge is oil sludge with a liquid content of not less than 80%.
9. The process of the high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the pretreatment in the first step is to break the bag of the oil-containing sludge, then separate out large impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then break the large impurities into materials with the particle size of less than 20 mm; and the crushed oil sludge enters a physical reduction unit to recover part of light oil products and water, and then is further subjected to deep dehydration through a drying unit.
10. The process of the high liquid content oil sludge cracking treatment device according to claim 7, wherein in the first step, the physical reduction unit is used for heating (less than 80 ℃) the crushed oil sludge or adding a medicament (a flocculant and a demulsifier) or stirring and tempering, wherein the heating temperature is less than 80 ℃, and the medicament is at least one of the flocculant and the demulsifier and is used for improving the fluidity and improving the separation efficiency of three phases of oil, water and sludge; after the tempering, the oil sludge enters centrifugal separation equipment to carry out liquid-solid separation or oil-water-solid three-phase separation, and light oil products and partial water are recovered; the drying unit is used for sending the residual solid-phase product after the reduction into a drying device to remove water (40-200 ℃) in a direct or indirect heating mode, sending the dried solid phase into a desorber for further treatment, condensing the water vapor generated by drying into a water phase through a vapor condenser for recycling of a system, and sending a small part of dry gas into a cracker heat supply unit to be combusted together with pyrolysis gas for heat supply; the temperature of the desorption device is controlled to be 100-300 ℃; the temperature of the cracker is controlled at 350-650 ℃; the temperature of the heated heating medium in the seventh step is 150-350 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the sixth step is 800-1000 ℃.
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