CN106753469B - Continuous type feeding and solid-gas autosegregation reduction gasification system carbonization device of biological charcoal - Google Patents
Continuous type feeding and solid-gas autosegregation reduction gasification system carbonization device of biological charcoal Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonization device for preparing biochar by continuous feeding and automatic solid-gas separation, reduction and gasification, which comprises a reaction kettle with a first feeding hole and a first discharging hole, an automatic feeding device for conveying materials into the reaction kettle, and an ash discharging and cooling device connected with the first discharging hole, wherein the automatic feeding device is provided with a first feeding hole and a first discharging hole; the automatic feeding device comprises an intermediate bin, a gas-ash separator and an oil sealer, and a feeding barrel which is communicated with the bottom of the gas-ash separator and is communicated with the first feeding hole; the first feed inlet is also used as an air outlet for high-temperature carbonization of materials in the reaction kettle; the feeding barrel is respectively provided with a second feeding hole, a third feeding hole and a fourth feeding hole, and a shaftless screw is arranged in the feeding barrel; the top end of the intermediate bin is connected with a first conveyor for conveying the material A, and the bottom of the intermediate bin is provided with a second conveyor for conveying the material into the second feed port; the top of the gas-ash separator is communicated with the oil seal device through a pipeline, and the bottom of the oil seal device is communicated with a fourth feeding hole in the feeding barrel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid waste treatment device, in particular to a carbonization and gasification device for preparing biochar by continuous sludge feeding and automatic solid-gas separation, reduction and gasification.
Background
With the development of social economy, the protection of human ecological environment and the advocated green recycling economy, the recycling of waste becomes a hot issue to be treated at present, scientists refer to a carbonaceous material formed by dry distillation and pyrolysis in an anaerobic state by using biomass as a raw material as "biochar", which is a form of charcoal and can be stored in the land for a long time without being decomposed into carbon dioxide. Can not disappear after being buried underground for hundreds to thousands of years.
The biochar can stably exist in nature for a long time, has the functions of fertilizing soil permanently, promoting the propagation of microorganisms in the soil, promoting the growth of plants, absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing the carbon dioxide in the air. The biochar is rich in micropores, so that the organic matter content of soil can be supplemented, the air permeability and the drainage of the soil can be improved, the moisture required by the root of the plant can be stored, the moisture and the nutrients can be effectively preserved, and the soil fertility can be improved. The use of the biological carbon can fertilize the land and enrich farmers. Therefore, the demand of the biochar is more and more, and the minimum demand of the biochar for farmlands in China can be about 17.6 hundred million tons only by rough estimation from the aspect of soil improvement.
At present, sludge is mainly subjected to concentration, regulation, dehydration, stabilization, drying or incineration treatment. The commonly used mature sludge stabilizing process at home and abroad comprises the following steps: anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, heat treatment, heating and drying and alkali addition stabilization; common sludge disposal is land utilization, incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, sea-throwing, and the like. The investment and operation cost of sludge treatment are high, if the sludge treatment is not proper, secondary pollution is caused, which becomes a difficult problem in the field of environmental protection and is concerned.
In recent years, with the development and maturity of sludge carbonization treatment technology, the traditional sludge landfill treatment mode is gradually replaced, because the secondary pollution of sludge carbonization is small, waste is changed into valuable, the renewable utilization of resources is realized, and the method is a new trend of sludge treatment in the future. The sludge carbonization is a process of heating and pressurizing the sludge to crack cells in biochemical sludge, release water in the biochemical sludge and maximally retain carbon in the sludge. The sludge carbonization has the advantages that the water in the sludge is removed in a cracking mode, the energy consumption is low, the carbon content in the residual products is high, and the heat productivity is high.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102443404A discloses an apparatus for manufacturing biochar: the preheating chamber is positioned in the hot flue gas chamber, and two ends of the preheating chamber are respectively connected with the discharging roller and the feeding roller; the other end of the discharging roller is connected with an intermediate bin, and the lower part of the intermediate bin is connected with a feeding chamber; the other end of the feeding roller is connected with a gas collecting chamber; the mixed gas outlet of the gas collection chamber is connected with the gas inlet of the spray washing cooling tower; the dry distillation chamber is positioned in the combustion chamber, and two ends of the dry distillation chamber are respectively connected with the front roller and the rear roller; the other end of the front roller is connected with the feeding chamber, the other end of the rear roller is connected with the discharging chamber, the lower part of the discharging chamber is connected with the cooling chamber, and a mixed gas outlet of the discharging chamber is connected with a gas inlet of the spray washing cooling tower; an external fuel burner and a noncondensable gas burner are arranged at the inner position of the combustion chamber and the lower part of the dry distillation chamber; a hot flue gas pipeline is arranged between the top of the combustion chamber and the bottom of the hot flue gas chamber. The device for producing the biochar can produce the biochar in an industrialized mode at low cost and without pollution. The equipment is good, but has the defects of small treatment capacity, batch reaction and incapability of continuous large-scale production.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105601075A discloses a process and apparatus for pyrolysis and carbonization of sludge: the sludge is squeezed by a squeezer, crushed by a crusher, mixed and stirred by a mixing stirrer, dried in an internal heating rotary kiln dryer and then sent into a storage bin and then sent into a pyrolysis carbonization furnace; the sludge is pyrolyzed and carbonized in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the mixture of the solid carbon of the product is output out of a system, and the product steam and pyrolysis gas enter a separation and purification tower for separation and purification; the purified combustible gas is sent into a combustor to be combusted to be used as a heat source for an internal heating rotary kiln dryer, and the purified and separated heavy components are sent to a mixing stirrer to be mixed with sludge for secondary pyrolysis; discharging flue gas generated by the heating furnace into the hot blast furnace for secondary ablation; the tail gas generated by the whole device is discharged through an outlet I of the internal heating rotary kiln dryer and is discharged after reaching the standard after being treated. The complete equipment is complete, but the biggest problems are intermittent production, the charcoal cannot be automatically discharged, long period is needed for artificial cooling charcoal discharge, and the problems that the high-temperature charcoal can spontaneously combust and burn artificially when meeting air and the like.
At present, after anaerobic cracking is completed, biochar is left in a cracking kettle, a slag discharging device mainly discharges slag through rotation of a spiral mechanism, a certain amount of slag is produced, cooling is needed after the slag discharging device is used, reaction kettle equipment is stopped, operating site personnel are prone to being scalded under the condition of high temperature, the cooling time is long, the production efficiency is low, mass transfer effect in the reaction kettle is greatly reduced due to accumulation of solids such as biochar, load of the rotary reaction kettle is increased, stable operation of technological parameters is not facilitated, and stable production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the carbonization gasification device for preparing the biochar by continuous feeding and automatic solid-gas separation reduction gasification, which can realize continuous mass production of the sludge, does not need intermittent operation and ensures the quality of the biochar product.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a carbonization device for preparing biochar by continuous feeding and solid-gas automatic separation, reduction and gasification comprises a reaction kettle with a first feeding hole and a first discharging hole, an automatic feeding device for conveying materials into the reaction kettle, and an ash discharge cooling device connected with the discharging hole, wherein the automatic feeding device comprises an intermediate bin, an air-ash separator, an oil sealer, a feeding barrel communicated with the bottom of the air-ash separator, a first shaftless screw in rotary fit with the feeding barrel, and a first motor for driving the first shaftless screw; the output end of the feeding barrel is connected with the feeding hole; the first feed inlet is also a first air outlet for high-temperature carbonization of the material A. In the invention, the advantage of discharging gas at the front end of the biochar prepared from sludge is that the temperature of the biochar discharged from the rear end of the reaction kettle can be controlled to meet the requirement of products, and meanwhile, the invention can realize continuous large-scale production without stopping kettle operation.
And the top end of the feeding barrel is respectively provided with a second feeding hole, a third feeding hole and a fourth feeding hole. The material of the third feed port mainly comes from biological oil and wood vinegar liquid with more impurities such as solid carbon and the like after the rear-end cooling separation process, and is called 'slurry C' for short; the second feed inlet is from raw sludge, and the water content is less than 35%; the fourth feed inlet E is from the oil-containing residue at the top of the oil seal device, and is subjected to high-temperature separation again, which is called 'slurry E' for short.
Preferably, the feeding cylinder crosses the bottom of the gas-ash separator, the diameter of the first shaftless screw in the feeding cylinder is less than or equal to 4/5 of the inner diameter of the feeding cylinder, and a first metal compensator is arranged at the joint of the feeding cylinder and the reaction kettle.
The screw diameter is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the feeding cylinder body, which is a key innovation point of the invention, and is a more reasonable diameter obtained on the basis of a large number of experiments, the conveying screw can adopt a shaftless screw and a shafted screw, and the shaftless screw is suggested to be adopted, because the screw has no shaft, the material is not easy to block, the discharge port is not blocked, so that the screw can be operated at a lower speed, the transmission is stable, and the energy consumption is reduced; the conveying capacity is 1.5 times of that of a traditional shafted screw conveyor with the same diameter. The material can be discharged from the lower part and the end; by using special lining board, the machine can work at high temperature.
Preferably, the top end of the intermediate bin is connected with a first conveyor for conveying the material A, and the bottom of the intermediate bin is provided with a second conveyor for outputting the material. And a first air locking valve is arranged at the outlet of the second conveyor and is also a second feeding hole of the feeding barrel.
The size of intermediate bin can be decided according to reation kettle's daily throughput, the purpose is carried out deposit and buffering for the feeding barrel feeding, when carrying the spiral start, the air lock valve is automatic to be opened, the intermediate bin has certain height, mainly the compaction of material highly can block gaseous pressure in the reation kettle and prevent to leak, the intermediate bin can not thoroughly lack the material simultaneously, otherwise high temperature oil gas in the reation kettle goes out through the air lock valve who opens against the current, so the material level alarm is generally installed to the intermediate bin, when being less than a definite value, automatic alarm, automatic material conveying.
The inner pipeline of the feeding barrel is an air outlet of high-temperature oil gas and a feed inlet of sludge materials, so that the loss of the energy of the reaction kettle is determined to a certain degree according to the heat exchange degree in the feeding barrel. Can take 5~20 meters generally, the cotton heat preservation that can use of heat preservation outside the pay-off section of thick bamboo simultaneously to make the abundant heat exchange of mud and high temperature oil gas.
Preferably, the first shaftless screw of the feeding barrel has a certain length, can be 10-15 meters, is too short to be beneficial to heat exchange and sealing, and is too long to be easily deformed and even broken during conveying at high temperature.
The inner diameter, the thickness and the length of the feeding barrel can be determined according to the treatment capacity of the actual reaction kettle; in actual use, the first shaftless screw is connected with the driving motor.
Preferably, the bottom end of the gas-ash separator is provided with a guide plate with a layer of inverted octagonal structure for guiding the material to fall into the feeding cylinder at the bottom for output, and the middle of the gas-ash separator is provided with a baffle. The top end is respectively provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for remote control and field monitoring. The size and height of the gas-ash separator depend on the actual treatment capacity of the reaction kettle and the flow rate of the high-temperature oil gas. The outer shape of the gas-ash separator can be square or round, and as a priority, the round is generally selected to be more in accordance with the thermodynamic principle.
Preferably, the baffle plates are spliced into a chamfer structure by high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, the opening angle ranges from 45 degrees to 150 degrees, and the specific angle is determined by the components of pyrolysis gas, the viscosity of a mixture generated by pyrolysis and the proportion of ash because the sludge properties in different areas are slightly different. The baffle plates are provided with 5-12 layers, and each layer is 8-18 blocks, which is determined by the treatment capacity, the air flow speed and the ash content; baffle between the layer staggers each other, the purpose makes the air current can fully contact with the baffle, make circuitous route, rather than a straight-line lift, the baffle constantly blocks the dust collision and the adhesion in the ash-containing high temperature oil gas messenger pyrolysis gas on the baffle, when gathering to a certain extent, sink to the bottom of gas ash separator along with self gravity, in the reation kettle is carried to the first shaftless spiral in the rethread feed cylinder body, the high temperature pyrolysis gas of smuggleing secretly the dust through with the continuous wall of bumping of baffle, realize high temperature pyrolysis gas and solid particle separation.
Preferably, the bottom of the oil sealer is provided with a second air locking valve, an outlet of the oil sealer is connected with the feeding barrel, and the outlet of the oil sealer is also a fourth feeding hole of the feeding barrel; a pipeline of DN 150-DN 400 is installed at an air inlet at the top of the oil seal device.
The oil blanket top is inserted below the liquid level by DN200~ DN 400's pipeline, and specific pipeline diameter is by the velocity of flow of high temperature oil gas, and the flow decision, as preferential, can take DN200~ DN350, high temperature oil gas removes dust through gas-ash separator one-level separation after, the ash content of the high temperature oil gas the inside that has significantly reduced, at this moment, reentrant oil blanket can further reduce the dust content of high temperature oil gas the inside, and the clearance of dust content is more than 98%.
The size and height of the oil seal device depend on the flow of high-temperature oil gas and the pressure of the oil gas, a valve is installed at a bottom outlet, when the liquid level in the oil seal device exceeds the required height, the valve is opened, the oil seal device automatically enters the feeding barrel body by means of self gravity, the oil seal device is continuously operated and is input into the reaction kettle in a shaftless spiral mode, ash is further removed, when the liquid level in the oil seal device is lower than the required height, the oil seal device is generally not lower than an inserted pipeline opening, the valve is closed, and the high-temperature oil gas enters the liquid oil device, so that the washing and dust removal effects are achieved. After full washing and dust removal, the high-temperature oil gas enters a rear-end treatment process for cooling and separation.
When the reaction kettle enters the large production stage again in the opening stage or after large maintenance, the liquid level in the oil seal device can be replaced by tap water.
Preferably, a heating box is arranged outside the reaction kettle, and a heat conduction pipe penetrating through the reaction kettle is arranged and communicated with the heating box; the heat conduction pipes are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the reaction kettle, and two adjacent heat conduction pipes are vertically staggered.
The heating box is hermetically arranged outside the reaction kettle, a heat source is arranged inside the heating box, and hot air formed by the heat source is transmitted to sludge materials in the reaction kettle through the heat conduction pipe. The heat conduction pipe can increase the heating area in the reaction kettle, so that the sludge is heated quickly, and the cracking speed and the heating speed of the materials are improved.
Preferably, the reaction kettle is a rotatable mechanism, so that materials in the reaction kettle can be uniformly heated, and the device for driving the reaction kettle to rotate comprises a toothed ring fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the reaction kettle, a riding wheel meshed with the toothed ring and a motor for driving the riding wheel.
Preferably, a guide plate which is obliquely arranged and is of a spiral structure is arranged in the reaction kettle, and one end of the guide plate at a high position is close to the first feed inlet. The guide plate is divided into a guide steel plate and a guide stainless steel plate, and can adopt a single-spiral structure or a double-spiral structure, and also can adopt a single-double combined spiral guide structure; in the rotating process of the reaction kettle, the guide plates which are obliquely arranged have a flow guide effect on the materials in the reaction kettle, and the materials in the reaction kettle move towards the discharge port under the effect of the guide plates, so that the materials in the reaction kettle are discharged.
The reaction kettle of the invention is a progressive circulating type continuous production reaction device, 6 to 15 wireless temperature controllers are arranged in the reaction kettle, is used for monitoring the temperature of the interval, when the temperature of the discharge hole of the equipment does not reach the designated temperature (500-800 ℃), the specific temperature is determined by different products of biochar, the temperature sensor transmits signals to a computer and an alarm device to remind workers, the method is characterized in that the product does not meet the qualified requirement, measures are mainly taken at the moment, the reaction kettle can be reversed, the biochar which is fast to the outlet enters the reaction kettle again for full reaction, the retention time is prolonged, meanwhile, the heating is continued, the reverse rotation time of the reaction kettle is 30min-120min, then reation kettle corotation is waited when the material gets into first discharge gate, and whether see temperature sensor and report to the police, if report to the police, reation kettle reverses again, and is so repeated, guarantees that the product is qualified to roll off the production line. If the temperature sensor shows that the temperature reaches the standard, the biochar enters the separation bin through the first discharge hole, and is sealed and automatically discharged through the spiral device when the material level is full.
Preferably, the ash discharge cooling device comprises a separation bin with a fifth feed inlet, and a water-cooled slag cooler hermetically connected with the bottom of the separation bin through a third conveyor, wherein the fifth feed inlet is connected with the first discharge outlet; and the outlet of the water-cooled slag cooler is connected through a fourth conveyor to output biochar D.
The water-cooled slag cooler can rapidly cool high-temperature materials and simultaneously recover high-efficiency heat. The water-cooled slag cooler generally comprises a feeding device, a discharging device, a rotary cylinder, a rotary joint, an anti-channeling device, a driving device, a base and the like. It is characterized in that: the temperature of the high-temperature materials above 100 ℃ can be reduced to below 80 ℃; indirectly exchanging and cooling water and high-temperature materials; the heat of the high-temperature material is completely recovered; the transmission is stable, the power is low, no vibration exists, the structure is compact, the size is small, the abrasion is small, and the service life is long; the feed port, the discharge port and the transmission part of the cylinder body are both provided with sealing devices, so that flying dust is avoided, the installation is convenient, and fixation is not needed.
The automatic feeding device comprises a first conveyor and a second conveyor, the ash discharge cooling device comprises a third conveyor and a fourth conveyor, the conveying structure adopts a conveying screw, a shaftless screw or a shafted screw can be adopted, and a shaftless screw is adopted as a priority.
Preferably, the ash discharge cooling device comprises a rotating shaft which is in rotating fit with the bottom of the separation bin, a stirring blade which is arranged on the rotating shaft and a third motor which drives the rotating shaft. The stirring device mainly prevents the biochar from bridging or caking at the bottom of the separation bin, so that the biochar can be discharged through the conveying device in time. The bottom of the separation bin is also provided with a material level sensor and a bin wall vibrator, and the material level sensor sends signals for controlling the third conveyor and a third motor for driving the rotating shaft.
The rear end of the first discharge hole is provided with a second shaftless screw and a second motor for driving the second shaftless screw; and a second metal compensator is arranged between the first discharge hole and the fifth feed hole.
And the biochar reaching the set temperature passes through a guide plate in the reaction kettle, and a second shaftless screw at the rear end of the first discharge port is conveyed to a fifth feed port of the separation bin and falls freely to the bottom of the separation bin. When the biochar in the separation bin is accumulated to a certain amount, the material level sensor sends a signal to control a third motor and a third conveyor which drive the rotating shaft to be started, and meanwhile, a bin wall brake is manually started or closed. When the biochar in the separation bin is less than a certain amount, the material level sensor sends a signal to control a third motor and a third conveyor which drive the rotating shaft to stop working.
A first metal compensator is arranged at the joint of the feeding barrel and the reaction kettle; and a second metal compensator is arranged between the first discharge hole and the fifth feed hole.
The metal compensator is used as a flexible pressure-resistant pipe fitting, utilizes the effective telescopic deformation of the working main body corrugated pipe to absorb the dimensional change of pipelines, conduits, containers and the like caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold or compensate the axial, transverse and angular displacement of the pipelines, conduits, containers and the like, absorbs vibration energy, can play a role in vibration reduction, noise reduction and the like, and has the characteristics of good flexibility, light weight, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high and low temperature resistance and the like.
For convenient maintenance, the top of the gas-ash separator, the side of the oil sealer, the top of the intermediate bin and the two ends of the reaction kettle are respectively provided with a maintenance hole, and an access door is arranged at the maintenance hole; the position of the access hole can be determined according to actual occasions.
The invention has simple structure, good sealing performance, high solid-gas separation rate, large sludge treatment capacity and sustainable work; the sludge is subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature oil gas before being fed into the reaction kettle, so that the moisture of the material is taken away, the energy required by the material in the reaction kettle is greatly reduced, and the decomposition efficiency of the sludge in the reaction kettle is improved; the arrangement of the guide plate is convenient for discharging the biochar in the reaction kettle; the arrangement of the heat conduction pipe enables heat to directly enter the reaction kettle, so that the cracking and carbonization speed of materials in the reaction kettle is increased; the arrangement of the sealed ash discharging cooling device does not need to stop the kettle for cooling, and the biochar can be continuously discharged at high temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a carbonization device for producing biochar by continuous feeding and automatic solid-gas separation, reduction and gasification.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The carbonization device shown in fig. 1 comprises a reaction vessel 2 with a first inlet 21 and a first outlet 22, an automatic feeding device 1 for feeding materials into the reaction vessel 2, and an ash discharge cooling device 3 connected to the outlet 22. The automatic feeding device 1 comprises an intermediate bin 4, a gas-ash separator 5, an oil sealer 6 and a feeding barrel 7 communicated with the bottom of the gas-ash separator 5, and the inner diameter, the thickness and the length of the feeding barrel 7 can be determined according to the treatment capacity of the actual reaction kettle 2. A first shaftless screw 11 which is rotationally matched in the feeding barrel 7 and a first motor 12 which drives the first shaftless screw 11 so as to realize continuous automatic feeding; the output end of the feeding barrel 7 is connected with the first feeding hole 21; the first feed port 21 also serves as a first gas outlet for high-temperature carbonization of the material A. The invention adopts the spiral propeller for feeding, so that the sludge material fed into the feeding barrel 7 is not easy to be blown out by airflow generated by high-temperature oil gas.
The top end of the feeding barrel 7 is respectively provided with a second feeding hole A, a third feeding hole C and a fourth feeding hole E. The feeding barrel 7 penetrates through the bottom of the gas-ash separator 5, the diameter of the first shaftless screw 11 in the feeding barrel 7 is less than or equal to 4/5 of the inner diameter of the feeding barrel 7, and a first metal compensator 23 is installed at the joint of the feeding barrel 7 and the reaction kettle 2. The material A is dried sludge (the water content is less than 35%); the material C is a bio-oil mixture with higher ash content after a subsequent cooling separation process; the material E is ash containing bio-oil slowly accumulated at the bottom of the oil seal, is similar to the material C, has slightly different solid content and bio-oil components, and is conveyed into the reaction kettle through the first shaftless screw in the feeding barrel to be subjected to gas-ash separation.
The top end of the intermediate bin 4 is connected with a first conveyor 15 for conveying the material A, and the bottom of the intermediate bin is provided with a second conveyor 16 for outputting the material. The outlet of the second conveyor 16 is provided with a first air lock valve 13 which is also a second feeding hole A of the feeding barrel 7. The size of the intermediate bin 4 can be determined according to the daily treatment capacity of the reaction kettle 2; a material level sensor is arranged in the intermediate bin 4, and the main functions of the air locking valve are to open and close the pipeline and lock the air.
As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom end of the gas-ash separator 5 is provided with a guide plate 17 with a layer inverted octagonal structure, and the middle part is provided with a baffle plate 18. Baffle 18 is 5~12 layers, and adjacent two-layer baffle 18 staggered arrangement, and every layer of baffle 18's quantity is 8~18, and baffle 18 is the chamfer structure, opens the angle and is 45~150 degrees. The size and height of the gas-ash separator 5 depend on the actual throughput of the reactor 2 and the flow rate of the high-temperature oil gas. The number of layers and blocks per layer of the baffle 18 is determined by the throughput, the air flow rate and the ash content. The gas-ash separator 5 is a key device for separating high-temperature pyrolysis gas and solid particles, and the quality of the separation effect of the gas-ash separator 5 directly relates to the purity and quality of subsequent products.
The bottom of the oil sealer 6 is provided with a second air locking valve 14, the outlet of the oil sealer 6 is connected with the feeding barrel 7, and the outlet of the oil sealer 6 is communicated with a fourth feeding hole E of the feeding barrel; a pipeline 19 of DN 150-DN 400 is arranged in the oil seal 6. The size and height of the oil seal 6 depend on the flow rate of the high-temperature oil gas and the pressure of the oil gas, and the main function is to further remove ash in the high-temperature oil gas.
A heating box 24 is arranged outside the reaction kettle 2, a heat source is arranged inside the heating box 24, a heat conduction pipe 25 which is perpendicular to the axis of the reaction kettle 2 is arranged in the reaction kettle 2, two ends of the heat conduction pipe 25 are hermetically connected with the side wall of the reaction kettle 2, and two ends of the heat conduction pipe 25 are communicated with the heating box 24. The heat in the heating box 24 is transferred to the inside of the reaction kettle 2 through the heat conduction pipe 25, so as to provide energy for the cracking of materials such as sludge. In order to increase the contact area between the material and the heat conduction pipes 25 and accelerate the decomposition of the material, two adjacent heat conduction pipes 25 are vertically arranged in a staggered manner.
As shown in fig. 3, a guide plate 26 which is obliquely arranged and has a spiral structure is arranged on the inner wall of the reaction kettle 2, one end of the guide plate 26 which is located at a high position is close to the first feed inlet 21, the other end of the guide plate is close to the first discharge outlet 22, a second shaftless screw 27 and a second motor 28 for driving the second shaftless screw 27 are installed at the rear end of the first discharge outlet 22, which is beneficial for transferring the materials in the reaction kettle 2 into the ash discharge cooling device 3; meanwhile, the reaction kettle 2 is a rotatable mechanism, and the device for driving the reaction kettle 2 to rotate comprises a gear ring fixed on the peripheral surface of the reaction kettle 2, a riding wheel meshed with the gear ring and a motor for driving the riding wheel. Pivoted reation kettle 2 makes the material be heated more evenly, and at reation kettle 2 pivoted in-process, the material in reation kettle 2 moves to first discharge gate 22 along helical structure's guide plate 26, is convenient for the discharge of product biochar. The two ends of the reaction kettle 2 are also provided with access holes which are generally symmetrically opened, so that the internal condition of the reaction kettle can be checked in a cross way.
The second metal compensator is installed at the front first feeding port 21 and the rear first discharging port 22 of the reaction kettle 2. So as to absorb the dimensional change of the reaction kettle 2 and the like caused by the reasons of expansion with heat, contraction with cold and the like, compensate the axial displacement, the transverse displacement and the angular displacement of the reaction kettle 2 and absorb the vibration energy.
The ash discharge cooling device 3 comprises a separation bin 8 with a fifth feeding hole 31 and a water-cooled slag cooler 9 which is hermetically connected with the bottom of the separation bin 8 through a third conveyor 32. The bottom of the separation chamber 8 is provided with a rotating shaft 36, a stirring blade 37 arranged on the rotating shaft, a third motor for driving the rotating shaft 36, a material level sensor 34 and a chamber wall vibrator 38, wherein the material level sensor 34 sends out signals for controlling the third conveyor 32 and the third motor for driving the rotating shaft 36. The solid material stirring device in the separation bin 8 prevents the biochar from bridging or caking at the bottom of the separation bin 8, so that the biochar can be discharged through the third conveyor 32 in time. The water-cooled slag cooler 9 adopts a sealed horizontal rotating structure, can rapidly cool high-temperature materials, and simultaneously recovers high-efficiency heat. And conveying the cooled biochar D through a fourth conveyor 33, and packaging the finished product.
The carbonization device for preparing the biochar by continuous feeding and solid-gas automatic separation, reduction and gasification has the working processes as follows: the material A enters the intermediate bin 4 for storage through the first conveyor 15, the first shaftless screw 11 in the feeding barrel 7 is firstly opened, the first air locking valve 13 between the intermediate bin 4 and the feeding barrel 7 is then opened, the second conveyor 16 at the bottom of the intermediate bin 4 with the full bin of the material is finally opened, at the moment, the material A continuously enters the heated and rotating reaction kettle 2 through the first feed port 21, after full reaction, carbonization and gasification, the high-temperature oil gas B flows out of the reaction kettle 2 through the pressure generated by the high-temperature oil gas B, enters the feeding barrel 7, then enters the gas-ash separator 5 for separation, a part of dust falls into the feeding barrel 7 along with the self gravity, enters the reaction kettle 2 again through the first shaftless screw 11, the high-temperature oil gas B flowing out of the top of the gas-ash separator 5 enters the oil seal 6 for dust removal, the purified high-temperature oil gas B enters the rear-end processing technology, when the oil seal B contains more impurities, a valve 14 at the bottom of the oil seal B is opened, the pasty liquid slurry E with high slag content flows into the feeding barrel 7 and enters the reaction kettle 2 again through the first shaftless screw 11 for carbonization and gasification, so that continuous feeding and automatic air outlet are achieved. The biochar D formed by cracking passes through the first discharge hole 22 under the action of the guide plate 26, the second shaftless screw 27 and the fifth feed hole 31 of the second motor enter the separation bin 8, when a certain amount of biochar D accumulates at the bottom of the separation bin 8, the material level sensor 34 is triggered, the material level sensor 34 controls the rotating shaft 36 of the third motor and the third conveyor 32 to start working, the water-cooled slag cooler 9 and the fourth conveyor 33 are started simultaneously to discharge the biochar D in the separation bin 8, and when the biochar D at the bottom of the separation bin 8 is less than a certain amount, the material level sensor 34 sends a signal to control the rotating shaft 36 of the third motor and the third conveyor 32 to stop working. And after the biochar D is discharged completely in the water-cooled slag cooler 9 and the fourth conveyor 33, closing the water-cooled slag cooler 9 and the fourth conveyor 33.
The present invention should be considered as limited solely by the foregoing description and examples, and it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a carbonization device of continuous type feeding and solid gas autosegregation reduction gasification system biochar, includes reation kettle (2) that have first feed inlet (21) and first discharge gate (22), its characterized in that: the automatic feeding device (1) is used for conveying materials into the reaction kettle (2), and the ash discharging and cooling device (3) is connected with the first discharge hole (22);
the automatic feeding device (1) comprises an intermediate bin (4), a gas-ash separator (5) and an oil sealer (6), and a feeding barrel (7) which is communicated with the bottom of the gas-ash separator (5) and leads to the first feeding hole (21);
the first feed port (21) is also used as a gas outlet for high-temperature carbonization of materials in the reaction kettle (2);
the feeding barrel (7) is respectively provided with a second feeding port (A), a third feeding port (C) and a fourth feeding port (E), and a first shaftless screw (11) is installed inside;
the top end of the intermediate bin (4) is connected with a first conveyor (15) for conveying materials, and the bottom of the intermediate bin is provided with a second conveyor (16) for conveying materials to enter the second feed port (A); a first air locking valve (13) is arranged at the outlet of the second conveyor (16);
the top of the gas-ash separator (5) is communicated with the oil seal device (6) through a pipeline, and the bottom of the oil seal device (6) is communicated with a fourth feed port (E) on the feeding cylinder (7);
the feeding barrel (7) transversely penetrates through the bottom of the gas-ash separator (5), a first shaftless screw (11) in the feeding barrel (7) has a diameter less than or equal to 4/5 of the inner diameter of the feeding barrel (7), and a first metal compensator (23) is arranged at the joint of the feeding barrel (7) and the reaction kettle (2); and a second air locking valve (14) is arranged at an outlet at the bottom of the oil seal device (6), and a pipeline (19) extending downwards is arranged at an air inlet at the top.
2. The carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the gas-ash separator (5) is provided with two guide plates (17) which are arranged in an inverted octagonal structure.
3. The carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: install 5~12 layers of baffle (18) in gas ash separator (5), and adjacent two-layer baffle (18) staggered arrangement, the quantity of every layer of baffle (18) is 8~18, and baffle (18) are the chamfer structure, and the field angle is 45~150 degrees.
4. The carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a heating box (24) is arranged outside the reaction kettle (2), a heat conduction pipe (25) penetrating through the reaction kettle (2) is arranged, and the heat conduction pipe (25) is communicated with the heating box (24); the heat conduction pipes (25) are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the reaction kettle (2), and two adjacent heat conduction pipes (25) are vertically staggered; in addition, a guide plate (26) which is obliquely arranged and is in a spiral structure is arranged in the reaction kettle (2).
5. The carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the ash discharge cooling device (3) comprises a separation bin (8) with a fifth feeding hole (31) and a water-cooled slag cooler (9) which is hermetically connected with the bottom of the separation bin (8) through a third conveyor (32), wherein the fifth feeding hole (31) is connected with the first discharging hole (22); and the outlet of the water-cooled slag cooler (9) is connected through a fourth conveyor (33) to output the biochar D.
6. The carbonizing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the ash discharging and cooling device (3) comprises a rotating shaft (36) which is in rotating fit with the bottom of the separation bin (8), a stirring blade (37) arranged on the rotating shaft and a third motor for driving the rotating shaft (36);
and a material level sensor (34) and a bin wall vibrator (38) are further arranged at the bottom of the separation bin (8), and the material level sensor (34) sends out signals for controlling the third conveyor (32) and a third motor for driving the rotating shaft (36).
7. The carbonizing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: a second shaftless screw (27) and a second motor (28) for driving the second shaftless screw (27) are arranged at the rear end of the first discharge hole (22); a second metal compensator is arranged between the first discharge hole (22) and the fifth feed hole (31).
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| CN108641738A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-10-12 | 浙江天禄环境科技有限公司 | A kind of charging outlet ash handling equipment of coal clean utilization |
| CN116173918B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-07-12 | 中触媒新材料股份有限公司 | Capture agent and system for purifying mixed cresol separation desorbent |
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Effective date of registration: 20240718 Address after: No. 2 Nuzhen West Road, Suixi Economic Development Zone, Suixi County, Huaibei City, Anhui Province 235000 Patentee after: Anhui Qingneng Carbon Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: Room 102, No. 182, Dongji Avenue, Qujiang District, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province 324000 Patentee before: ZHEJIANG TIANLU ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |