CN211297915U

CN211297915U - Semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate

Info

Publication number: CN211297915U
Application number: CN201921441779.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵登云
Original assignee: Wuyuan Wofeng Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuyuan Wofeng Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-30
Filing date: 2019-08-30
Publication date: 2020-08-21
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-30

Abstract

The utility model relates to a semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate; the structure of the substrate is sequentially a soil layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; the structure of the matrix layer is as follows from bottom to top in sequence: a first straw layer, a mixing layer, a second straw layer and a fertilizer layer; compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a semi-matrix vegetable planting basement, its matrix layer becomes organic matter through natural decay, improves soil acidity, increases soil organic matter content, improves soil environment, effectively increases soil biodiversity, all has to show the improvement to the physics of soil, chemistry and biological characters, effectively improves the quality and the output of the plant of planting.

Description

Semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural technology, especially, relate to half matrix field of planting

Background

With the rapid expansion of the planting area of facility vegetables, under a high-input and high-yield mode, the facility vegetables cause a series of environmental problems, especially the reduction of soil quality. The organic matter content is reduced, secondary salinization is performed, the structure is destroyed, acidification is hardened, the nutrient balance is disordered, the plant diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the like.

The straw resources in China are rich, the annual output is at the top of the world, but the annual straw utilization rate and utilization efficiency are low, on one hand, a large part of straws are burnt or wasted, on the other hand, the proportion of the straws which are utilized after technical treatment is very small, and serious environmental pollution and resource waste are caused.

Tomatoes and cucumbers are main crop species for facility vegetable cultivation in China, but the yield and the quality are low due to character deterioration of cultivation media and laggard cultivation management level.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To the deficiency of the prior art, the utility model provides a half matrix vegetable planting basement.

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: a semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate; the structure of the substrate is sequentially a soil layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; the structure of the matrix layer is as follows from bottom to top in sequence: a first straw layer, a mixing layer, a second straw layer and a fertilizer layer.

Preferably, the thickness of the first straw layer is 15cm-20cm, and the thickness of the second straw layer is 5cm-10 cm.

Preferably, the mixed layer is formed by uniformly mixing animal wastes and a small amount of soil.

Preferably, the thickness of the mixed layer is 5cm-10 cm.

Preferably, the fertilizer layer is a mixture of a chemical fertilizer, a biological organic fertilizer and a strain agent.

Preferably, the thickness of the compost layer is 5cm-10 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a half matrix vegetable planting basement has following beneficial aspect:

firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the matrix layer is changed into organic matters through natural decomposition, the soil acidity is improved, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, the soil environment is improved, the soil biological diversity is effectively increased, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil are obviously improved, and the quality and the yield of planted plants are effectively improved.

II, secondly: the substrate layer mainly adopts organic matters such as straws and animal wastes, has wide sources and low price, and has better economic benefit.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without inventive work, wherein:

fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the semi-matrix vegetable planting base provided by the present invention.

Description of the drawings: 1-soil, 2-first straw layer, 3-mixed layer, 4-second straw layer and 5-compost layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, in the semi-matrix semi-soil vegetable planting substrate of the present embodiment, a soil 1 and a matrix layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the substrate structure; the structure of the matrix layer is as follows from bottom to top in sequence: a first straw layer 2, a mixing layer 3, a second straw layer 4 and a fertilizing layer 5.

Preferably, the thickness of the first straw layer 2 is 20cm, and the thickness of the second straw layer 4 is 10 cm.

Preferably, the mixed layer 3 is formed by uniformly mixing cow dung, sheep dung and a small amount of soil.

Further, the thickness of the mixed layer 3 is 10 cm.

Preferably, the fertilizer layer 5 is a mixture of a fertilizer, a bio-organic fertilizer and a strain agent.

Further, the strain agent is a strain agent with a fermentation function, and the thickness of the culture medium layer 5 is 5 cm.

Furthermore, before planting, the substrate layer is firstly covered with a film and matured for 15 days.

The specific planting steps of this example are as follows:

a micro-cultivator is used for ditching and ridging at the center after rotary tillage, the ridge distance is determined according to the planted vegetables, such as tomatoes and cucumbers, the (center-center) is 1.3 meters, and the width of each furrow is 0.5 meter.

Paving the straws at the bottom of the ditch, and paving the straws for 20 cm; covering a mixed layer with the thickness of 10cm in the ditch, and covering a layer of straw with the thickness of 10cm on the upper part of the ditch; then, a culture layer with the thickness of 5cm is paved on the surface. After the film is coated, the organic fertilizer can be decomposed for 15 days at high temperature according to the cow and sheep manure condition.

Transplanting the seedlings on two sides of the ridge when the furrow is watered. After seedling buffering, 5kg of high calcium fertilizer is added during first watering, 15kg of fertilizer is flushed per mu during later watering, and the compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time generally by applying 2 times of high calcium fertilizer.

Preferably, tomatoes are planted in the embodiment as an example;

planting on traditional soil as a control group; the semi-matrix substrate provided by the utility model is planted as an experimental group, and different planting matrixes are used as independent variables to carry out tests under the same other experimental conditions;

in the embodiment, the soil fertility level is medium and is slightly alkaline. The pH value of the soil is 8.12, the organic matter content is 16.7g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.13g/kg, the total phosphorus is 0.71g/kg, and the total potassium is 0.94 g/kg.

Preferably, the present embodiment adopts the content index of organic matters and nutrients in soil, the physical and chemical properties index of soil, the plant morphology index, the crop yield index and the quality index of crop fruits as the indexes for inspecting the implementation effect of the technical scheme provided by the utility model;

when the tomatoes have 4 fruits, a five-point method is adopted to collect soil samples, remove surface soil, collect 2-25cm deep soil, remove impurities, mix uniformly, pack the soil samples into a self-sealing bag, naturally air-dry in a laboratory, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve for determination and analysis. Measuring soil organic matters by a potassium dichromate volumetric method, measuring total nitrogen and total phosphorus by using a continuous flow analyzer, measuring effective potassium and total potassium by using a flame photometer, and measuring effective phosphorus by using a spectrophotometer;

the pH value determination method comprises weighing l 0g soil, adding distilled water (CO 2 removed water) 25ml, stirring vigorously for 1min, standing for 30min, and determining with pH meter (Raymond PHS-3C). The EC value is that 10g of soil is weighed, 50ml of deionized water is added, the mixture is immediately filtered (quantitative filter paper) after oscillation for 3min, and a conductivity meter (thunder magnetic DDS-11A) is used for measurement;

investigating morphological indexes of plants 90 days after the field planting of the tomatoes, measuring 10 plants in each treatment, and selecting tomatoes in the same position for measurement in different treatments; measuring the chlorophyll content of the median leaf (13 th true leaf) of the tomato under each treatment by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502 type, Japan Konika Mentada company) at the fruit setting stage of the tomato, and determining the isomorphous index of the sample; recording the yield and the fruit setting number by taking a cell as a unit in the harvesting period; the content of each quality index in the fruit is measured according to a standard test method (Vc GB5009.86-2016, reducing sugar GB 5009.7-2016, organic acid GB 5009.157-2016 and soluble solid NY/T2637-2014) by carrying out mixed sampling in the same harvesting full period.

In this example, the soil nutrient content when the tomato fruits 4 shelves is shown in table 1. Compared with the contrast, the contents of soil organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the experimental group entering the soil show a trend of remarkably increasing due to the natural decomposition of the matrix layer to generate the organic matters.

Table 1 test data for soil organic matter and nutrients

In this example, soil samples 20 days, 40 days, 60 days, and 80 days after field planting were collected, and pH and EC of the soil samples were measured, as shown in table 2; the data in the table 2 show that the matrix layer naturally decomposes to generate organic matters which enter the soil to play a role in chemical buffering, so that the salt and alkali hazards in the facility vegetable field can be effectively reduced.

TABLE 2 test data of soil physicochemical properties

In this example, the tomato form index test data is shown in the following table: the plant height, stem thickness and chlorophyll 3 indexes of the experimental group are all higher than those of the comparative group; as shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 test data for plant morphology

	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (cm)	Number of leaves (No.)	Chlorophyll (SPAD value)
					Comparison group	155a	1.33a	19.0a	43.1a
Experimental group	162b	1.52b	19.0a	44.3a

In this example, the yield of the experimental group was significantly improved compared to the comparative group, as shown in table 4:

table 4: test data for yield

Treatment of	Fruit set number (No./plot)	Weight of single fruit (g)	Yield (kg/plot)
				Comparison group	1060a	150.7a	159.8a
Experimental group	1102b	164.1b	180.9b

The above only is the embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the scope of the present invention, all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes made by the present specification can be changed, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and all the same principles are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate is characterized in that: the structure of the substrate is sequentially a soil layer and a matrix layer from bottom to top; the structure of the matrix layer is as follows from bottom to top in sequence: a first straw layer, a mixing layer, a second straw layer and a fertilizer layer.

2. The semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the first straw layer is 15cm-20cm, and the thickness of the second straw layer is 5cm-10 cm.

3. The semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the mixed layer is 5cm-10 cm.

4. The semi-matrix vegetable planting substrate of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the fertilizer layer is 5cm-10 cm.