CN211290146U

CN211290146U - Gasification ignition device of coal-fired boiler

Info

Publication number: CN211290146U
Application number: CN201922063588.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王晓庆; 李乐
Original assignee: Shanxi Huashi Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanxi Huashi Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-26
Filing date: 2019-11-26
Publication date: 2020-08-18
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-26

Abstract

The utility model relates to a coal-fired boiler gasification ignition device, which belongs to the technical field of boiler ignition systems and particularly comprises a burner and a tiny-oil gasification oil gun installed in the burner, a secondary air duct is installed at the end part of a primary air duct of the burner, an air distribution mechanism is installed between the secondary air duct and the primary air duct and is connected with a secondary air duct, a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber are installed in the primary air duct, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are coaxially arranged, a secondary combustion chamber is sleeved at the end part of the primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are respectively fixed in the primary air duct through annular supporting blocks, an air compensation cavity is formed at the end of the primary combustion chamber and the front end of the secondary combustion chamber, an air connecting pipe is arranged on the air compensation cavity and is connected with the secondary, the tiny-oil gasification oil gun is installed at the bottom part of the primary air, the utility model adopts multi-stage combustion, fully supplements oxygen, and has high burnout rate.

Description

Gasification ignition device of coal-fired boiler

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a coal fired boiler gasification ignition belongs to boiler ignition system technical field.

Background

The coal-fired boiler refers to coal which is burnt by fuel, the heat of the coal is converted to generate steam or become hot water, but not all the heat is converted effectively, and a part of the heat is consumed without work, so that the efficiency problem exists, and the efficiency of the general large boiler is higher by 60-80%. The coal-fired boiler is a boiler using coal as fuel, and refers to a thermal power plant which burns the coal in a hearth to release heat and heats heat medium water or other organic heat carriers (such as heat transfer oil and the like) to a certain temperature (or pressure).

At present, the existing coal-fired boiler mainly adopts a micro-oil ignition technology, but the technology has the following defects in practical application: first, the requirement for coal quality is relatively high for the micro-oil ignition technology. The domestic power station boilers using bituminous coal as power coal have a large number of successful micro-oil ignition application examples, and the reasons for this are that the dry ashless volatile matter content of bituminous coal is high (generally 30-35%), and the coal dust airflow is easy to ignite. The micro-oil ignition technology has poor adaptability to coal types with low volatile matter content, such as anthracite, lean coal, inferior bituminous coal and the like, and for the micro-oil ignition adopted by a lean coal boiler in China, the micro-oil ignition basically increases the oil supply of a small oil gun to bake the boiler so as to ignite, and consequently loses the significance of micro-oil ignition and oil saving.

Secondly, when the micro-oil ignition technology is adopted, the oil combustion needs air distribution, oxygen is consumed, the phenomenon of oxygen robbing from primary air is easily generated, and the primary air pulverized coal airflow is not easy to ignite.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

For solving the technical problem that prior art exists, the utility model provides an adopt multistage burning, abundant oxygenating, coal fired boiler gasification ignition that the burn-up rate is high.

In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is a coal-fired boiler gasification ignition device, which comprises a burner and a tiny oil gasification oil gun arranged in the burner, wherein the burner comprises a primary air duct, a secondary air duct, a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, the secondary air duct is arranged at the end part of the primary air duct, an air distribution mechanism is arranged between the secondary air duct and the primary air duct, the air distribution mechanism is connected with the secondary air duct, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are arranged in the primary air duct, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are coaxially arranged, the secondary combustion chamber is sleeved at the end part of the primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are respectively fixed in the primary air duct through annular supporting blocks, the tail end of the primary combustion chamber and the front end of the secondary combustion chamber form an air compensation cavity, the air compensation cavity is provided with an air connecting pipe, the air connecting pipe is connected with a secondary air pipe, the bottom of the primary air cylinder is provided with a micro-oil gasification oil gun, and the micro-oil gasification oil gun extends into the primary combustion chamber.

Preferably, the front end of the primary combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of primary air swirl inclined plates, the primary air swirl inclined plates are annularly arranged along the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber, a swirl channel is formed between the inclined plates, and a pulverized coal concentration ring is installed in the secondary combustion chamber.

Preferably, the inner wall of the pulverized coal concentration ring is provided with a plurality of rotational flow chutes, and the number of the rotational flow chutes is 3-5.

Preferably, the air distribution mechanism mainly comprises an annular air distribution box and a secondary air swirl sloping plate, the annular air distribution box is sleeved outside the primary air duct, a plurality of air distribution holes are formed in the annular air distribution box, a plurality of secondary air swirl sloping plates are further arranged between the primary air duct and the secondary air duct, swirl channels are formed between the secondary air swirl sloping plates, and each swirl channel corresponds to one air distribution hole.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following technological effect has: the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, and reasonable design adopts the multistage burning technique, abundant oxygenating in combustion process, guarantee abundant burning, the one-level combustion chamber simultaneously, second grade combustion chamber level and secondary dryer homoenergetic make the buggy form rotatory air current, improve the mixing effect of air and buggy, guarantee buggy and air mixing, and form local oxygen-enriched area, and then can the direct contact wind the buggy air current, especially also have good effect of lighting to anthracite, meager coal and the bituminous coal of being inferior etc., and the burn-out rate is high.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the swirling flow chute of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problem, technical solution and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to illustrate the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in figure 1, a coal-fired boiler gasification ignition device comprises a burner 1 and a micro-oil gasification oil gun 2 arranged in the burner, wherein the burner 1 comprises a primary air duct 3, a secondary air duct 4, a primary combustion chamber 5 and a secondary combustion chamber 6, the secondary air duct 4 is arranged at the end part of the primary air duct 3, an air distribution mechanism 7 is arranged between the secondary air duct 4 and the primary air duct 3, the air distribution mechanism 7 is connected with a secondary air duct 8, the primary combustion chamber 5 and the secondary combustion chamber 6 are arranged in the primary air duct 3, the primary combustion chamber 5 and the secondary combustion chamber 6 are coaxially arranged, the secondary combustion chamber 6 is sleeved at the end part of the primary combustion chamber 5, the primary combustion chamber 5 and the secondary combustion chamber 6 are respectively fixed in the primary air duct 3 through an annular supporting block 9, an air compensation cavity 10 is formed at the tail end of the primary combustion chamber 5 and the front end of the secondary combustion chamber 6, the air compensation cavity 10 is mainly formed by the primary combustion chamber 5 and the annular supporting, an air connecting pipe 11 is arranged on the air compensation cavity 10, the air connecting pipe 11 is connected with a secondary air pipe 8, a micro-oil gasified oil gun 2 is installed at the bottom of the primary air duct 3, and the micro-oil gasified oil gun 2 extends into the primary combustion chamber 5.

When the utility model works, the air and the coal powder are mixed to form coal powder airflow which enters the combustor 1, the micro-oil gasified oil gun 2 ignites gasified oil mist to generate high-temperature smoke, the high-temperature smoke forms a local high-temperature area in the primary combustion chamber, the heated coal powder particles are quickly thermally cracked to release volatile matters and are combusted, a stable combustion fire source is formed, and the partially unburned coal powder enters the secondary combustion chamber; because the burning consumes a large amount of oxygen, the coal dust that gets into the second grade combustion chamber appears the oxygen deficiency easily and produces the oxygen phenomenon of robbing, so be provided with air compensation chamber 10 at the front end of second grade combustion chamber 6, utilize gap between second grade combustion chamber 6 and the one-level combustion chamber to carry out the quick air supply, make the further burning of coal dust of second grade combustion chamber 6, a small part of coal dust gets into the secondary dryer, air distribution mechanism further supplyes the air and burns, make one-level combustion chamber, all can form stable fire source in second grade combustion chamber and the secondary dryer, guarantee that the buggy fully burns, the burn-off rate of coal dust has been improved, the possibility that the boiler was put out a fire has been reduced.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a plurality of primary air swirling inclined plates 12 are arranged at the front end of the primary combustion chamber 5, the plurality of primary air swirling inclined plates 12 are annularly arranged along the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber 3, a swirling channel 13 is formed between the inclined plates, and a pulverized coal concentrating ring 14 is installed in the secondary combustion chamber 6. The inner wall of the pulverized coal concentration ring 14 is provided with a plurality of rotational flow chutes 15, and the number of the rotational flow chutes 15 is 3-5. The air distribution mechanism 7 mainly comprises an annular air distribution box 16 and a secondary air swirl sloping plate 17, the annular air distribution box 16 is sleeved outside the primary air duct 3, a plurality of air distribution holes 18 are formed in the annular air distribution box 16, a plurality of secondary air swirl sloping plates 17 are further arranged between the primary air duct 3 and the secondary air duct 4, swirl channels are formed between the secondary air swirl sloping plates 17, and each swirl channel corresponds to one air distribution hole 18. The primary air rotational flow inclined plate, the rotational flow chute and the air distribution mechanism are all used for forming rotary airflow in the combustion chamber, so that pulverized coal and air are fully mixed, and a local oxygen-enriched air area is formed in the combustor, so that the combustion effect of the pulverized coal is improved, and the burnout rate is improved.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative and not restrictive of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a coal fired boiler gasification ignition, includes combustor and installs the little oily gasification oil gun in the combustor which characterized in that: the burner comprises a primary air duct, a secondary air duct, a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the secondary air duct is installed at the end part of the primary air duct, an air distribution mechanism is installed between the secondary air duct and the primary air duct, the air distribution mechanism is connected with a secondary air duct, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are installed in the primary air duct, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are coaxially arranged, the secondary combustion chamber is sleeved at the end part of the primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are respectively fixed in the primary air duct through annular supporting blocks, an air compensation cavity is formed at the tail end of the primary combustion chamber and the front end of the secondary combustion chamber, an air connecting pipe is arranged on the air compensation cavity and is connected with the secondary air duct, and a micro-oil gasification oil gun is installed at the bottom part of the primary air duct, the micro-oil gasification oil gun extends into the primary combustion chamber.

2. The coal-fired boiler gasification ignition device of claim 1, characterized in that: the front end of the first-stage combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of primary air cyclone inclined plates, the primary air cyclone inclined plates are annularly arranged along the inner wall of the first-stage combustion chamber, a cyclone channel is formed between the inclined plates, and a pulverized coal concentration ring is installed in the second-stage combustion chamber.

3. The coal-fired boiler gasification ignition device of claim 2, characterized in that: the inner wall of the pulverized coal concentration ring is provided with a plurality of rotational flow chutes, and the number of the rotational flow chutes is 3-5.

4. The coal-fired boiler gasification ignition device of claim 1, characterized in that: the air distribution mechanism mainly comprises an annular air distribution box and a secondary air cyclone inclined plate, the annular air distribution box is sleeved outside the primary air duct, a plurality of air distribution holes are formed in the annular air distribution box, a plurality of secondary air cyclone inclined plates are further arranged between the primary air duct and the secondary air duct, cyclone channels are formed between the secondary air cyclone inclined plates, and each cyclone channel corresponds to one air distribution hole.