CN212339224U - High-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device for solid fuel - Google Patents
High-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device for solid fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN212339224U CN212339224U CN202022085369.0U CN202022085369U CN212339224U CN 212339224 U CN212339224 U CN 212339224U CN 202022085369 U CN202022085369 U CN 202022085369U CN 212339224 U CN212339224 U CN 212339224U
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
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Abstract
A solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base and a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is arranged on the furnace base; a hearth is arranged in the furnace body, and an ash discharge port and a furnace door are arranged on the furnace body at the front part of the hearth; a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth; a gas combustion chamber is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth; the lower part of the gas combustion chamber is communicated with the lower part of the hearth through a burner, and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber is directly connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan or is connected with the flue gas pipe provided with the flue gas induced draft fan through a heat exchange device; the hearth is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe which provides high-temperature air for the hearth; the combustor is connected with an oxygen supply pipe which supplies oxygen for the combustor; the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe and the oxygen supplementing pipe are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe for adjusting air inflow. The combustion device burns the solid fuel under the condition of low oxygen content, reduces the generation of nitrogen oxide, and has full fuel combustion and high combustion efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a burner's technical field specifically is a solid fuel high temperature lean oxygen burner.
Background
With the development of the industrial economy, the rapid increase of the population, the unlimited rise of the human desire and the unlimited rise of the production life style of the world, the world climate faces more and more serious problems, the discharge amount of carbon/nitrogen oxides is more and more, the earth ozone layer is suffering from unprecedented crises, the global catastrophic climate change is frequently occurred, and the living environment and the health and safety of the human are seriously damaged. Even GDP, which has once been introduced as luxurious and rapidly growing or expanding, is greatly discounted due to environmental pollution, climate change (and thus, countries have called development patterns and statistical approaches of "green GDP").
The low-carbon/nitrogen economy refers to an economic development form which can achieve win-win purposes of economic and social development and ecological environment protection by reducing the consumption of high-carbon energy such as coal and petroleum and the like as much as possible and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases through various means such as technical innovation, system innovation, industrial transformation, new energy development and the like under the guidance of a sustainable development concept. The low-carbon/nitrogen economy is an economic model based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission, and is another great progress of human society after agricultural culture and industrial culture.
The combustion apparatus is an apparatus for generating heat energy by burning fuel therein, and can generate hot wind, hot oil, hot water and/or steam by heat exchange, and the combustion apparatus is an essential apparatus for providing a heat source required for production and heating in various industrial enterprises.
However, in the existing solid combustion device, in the process of directly combusting the solid fuel in the solid combustion device, the solid fuel adopts a laminar combustion mode, a normal combustion mode and an oxygen-enriched combustion mode, and the problems of insufficient fuel combustion, low heat conversion efficiency, uneven temperature field, excessive exceeding of atmospheric emissions such as nitrogen oxides and the like are caused easily.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a solid fuel high temperature oxygen deficiency combustion device, this solid fuel high temperature oxygen deficiency combustion device adopt high temperature air oxygenating combustion technique, divide into three combustion phase with solid fuel's combustion process, realize the subregion step by step high temperature oxygen deficiency burning in three communicating combustion area respectively, realize burning under the low oxygen content condition, reduce oxynitride's production, the fuel burning is abundant, and combustion efficiency is high.
In order to realize the purpose of the utility model, the technical scheme who takes is:
a solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base and a furnace body, wherein the furnace body is arranged on the furnace base; a hearth is arranged in the furnace body, and an ash discharge port and a furnace door are arranged on the furnace body at the front part of the hearth; a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth; a gas combustion chamber is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth; the lower part of the gas combustion chamber is communicated with the lower part of the hearth through a burner, and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber is directly connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan or is connected with the flue gas pipe provided with the flue gas induced draft fan through a heat exchange device; the heat exchange device can generate hot air, hot oil, hot water and/or steam through heat exchange; the hearth is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe which provides high-temperature air for the hearth; the combustor is connected with an oxygen supply pipe which supplies oxygen for the combustor; the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe and the oxygen supplementing pipe are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipes are used for adjusting the air inflow of the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe and the air inflow of the oxygen supplementing pipe respectively, so that the combustion is carried out in an oxygen-deficient state. The solid fuel is burnt in the hearth, the incompletely burnt combustible materials are continuously burnt in the combustor and the gas combustion chamber, and the generated high-temperature flue gas is directly used for material drying and other purposes or enters a heat exchange device for heat exchange and then is discharged.
The specific combustion process of the solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device is as follows: placing solid fuel on a grate firing grate, igniting the solid fuel, pumping the total oxygen demand under the action of negative pressure suction of a flue gas induced draft fan, enabling a hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe to supplement oxygen for burning the fuel above the grate firing grate, forming a carbon particle layer on the fuel on the surface of the grate firing grate in the burning process, and enabling flame formed by burning the solid fuel and combustible substances which are not completely burnt to enter a second combustion area along with air flow through gaps of the grate firing grate under the action of the flue gas induced draft fan; meanwhile, the flue gas generated by combustion passes through the carbon granule layer on the surface of the grate for pyrolysis and continuous combustion; the generated combustible mixed gas and the incompletely combusted combustible are continuously combusted, cracked and gasified in the second combustion zone through proper oxygen supplementation, and the generated combustible mixed gas enters the third combustion zone along with airflow and is fully combusted after oxygen supplementation through the oxygen supplementation pipe; finally, the flue gas is used for material drying and other purposes under the action of a flue gas induced draft fan or is discharged after heat exchange is carried out by a heat exchange device; after the burning operating mode is normal, the air that lets in from furnace high temperature oxygenating pipe carries out the heat exchange with fireworks, provides the air that the temperature is greater than 300 degrees, accelerates solid fuel's drying rate, builds the burning condition fast for solid fuel, and whole journey all is in high temperature lean oxygen burning state.
The total oxygen demand is calculated by referring to 9-11% of oxygen amount of complete combustion of the solid fuel and less than 6% of oxygen amount set by the device, and is distributed according to the combustion property and degree of each combustion zone, wherein the total oxygen demand accounts for 82% -87% of the first combustion zone, 3% -5% of the second combustion zone and the balance is the third combustion zone. And setting the sizes of the flue gas induced draft fan and the oxygen supply pipe diameter and the air inflow adjusting range of the air inlet pipe according to the total oxygen demand and the oxygen demand of each area.
The periphery of the hearth and the gas combustion chamber is provided with a heat storage and insulation layer which is made of refractory bricks or other refractory and insulation materials. Under the normal combustion working condition, the environmental temperature of each combustion area of the solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion device is higher than the spontaneous combustion temperature of combustible materials, and the solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion device can be combusted only by supplying a proper amount of oxygen so as to meet the high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion condition; the heat collection and emission of the heat storage and insulation layer and the heat generated in the combustion process are arranged around the hearth and the gas combustion chamber, so that the ambient temperature of the combustion area is higher than the spontaneous combustion temperature of combustible materials; the high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe of the hearth accelerates the drying, burning and gasification of the solid fuel above the grate of the grate firing layer by providing high-temperature air, and improves the high-temperature oxygen-poor burning effect of the whole burning process.
Preferably: the high-temperature oxygen supply pipe of the hearth extends to the front end of the hearth from two sides of the lower part of the rear side of the hearth, is bent upwards to the upper part of the grate layer and finally extends to the rear side of the hearth, and a plurality of oxygen supply holes are formed in the high-temperature oxygen supply pipe of the hearth. After normal combustion, utilize the heat heating furnace high temperature oxygenating pipe of firework, carry out the heat exchange with the interior air of furnace high temperature oxygenating pipe and make the air become hot-air, realize that furnace high temperature oxygenating pipe provides high-temperature air for furnace.
Preferably: a water clamping sleeve or a water collecting pipe is arranged on the hearth wall of the hearth; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket or the water collecting pipe; the heat exchange device is a large boiler barrel which is arranged at the upper part of the hearth and is heated by utilizing the heat radiation and the smoke heat of the hearth to generate hot water and/or steam; the large boiler barrel is provided with a safety valve seat, a steam outlet and a water replenishing port; a plurality of steam superheater tubes and water heating tubes are transversely arranged in the large boiler barrel in a penetrating manner, and the steam superheater tubes are positioned at the upper parts of the water heating tubes; the two ends of the large boiler barrel are respectively provided with a smoke passing chamber and a smoke discharging chamber; the smoke exhaust chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust port; two sides of the large boiler barrel are communicated with the water clamping sleeve or the water collecting pipe through side wall pipes; the upper part of the gas combustion chamber is communicated with one end of a water heating pipe, and the other end of the water heating pipe is communicated with the smoke passing chamber; one end of the steam superheater is also communicated with the smoke exhaust chamber, and the other end of the steam superheater is communicated with the smoke exhaust chamber. After the solid fuel is semi-gasified and combusted in the hearth, the incompletely combusted combustible materials continue to combust in the combustor and the gas combustion chamber, the generated high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through the water heating pipe, the smoke passing chamber, the steam overheating pipe and the smoke exhaust chamber and is finally exhausted from the smoke exhaust port, the smoke exhaust port is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe, and a flue gas purification device and a draught fan are installed on the smoke exhaust pipe. The smoke passing chamber and the smoke discharging chamber are provided with slag cleaning ports, so that dust is conveniently cleaned.
Preferably: a water clamping sleeve or a water collecting pipe is arranged on the hearth wall of the hearth; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket or the water collecting pipe; the heat exchange device is an air duct which is arranged at the upper part of the hearth and is heated by utilizing the heat radiation of the hearth and the heat of smoke and fire to generate hot air; the inner space of the air duct is an air cavity, one end of the air cavity is provided with an air inlet, and the other end of the air cavity is provided with an air outlet; a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the air cavity in a penetrating way, one end of each heat exchange tube is communicated with the upper part of the gas combustion chamber, the other end of each heat exchange tube is communicated with a smoke exhaust chamber, and the smoke exhaust chamber is provided with a smoke exhaust port.
Preferably: the water-cooled grate adopts a grate with a single-layer water pipe structure or an upper-layer water pipe structure and a lower-layer water pipe structure. The fire grate with the upper and lower double-layer water pipe structure consists of a plurality of transverse fire grate pipes and longitudinal fire grate pipes, the transverse fire grate pipes are arranged at the lower part or the upper part of the longitudinal fire grate pipes, the front end and the rear end of each longitudinal fire grate pipe are respectively communicated with the water clamping sleeve or the water collecting pipe through the conducting main pipe, and the two ends of each transverse fire grate pipe are respectively communicated with the water clamping sleeve or the water collecting pipe.
Preferably: the conducting main pipe at the rear end of the longitudinal furnace exhaust pipe is communicated with the large boiler barrel through a rear wall pipe and a conducting pipe arranged in the gas combustion chamber.
Preferably: the steam superheating cavity is communicated with the steam generating cavity through a steam passing port, the water heating pipe is arranged in the steam generating cavity, and the steam superheating pipe is arranged in the steam superheating cavity. The water replenishing port is arranged at the steam generating cavity, and the steam outlet is arranged at one end of the top of the steam superheating cavity.
Preferably: and a secondary combustion grate is also arranged in the hearth at the lower part of the water-cooling grate. The secondary combustion grate receives the incompletely combusted solid combustible materials falling from the grate firing grate, and the incompletely combusted solid combustible materials can be continuously combusted, cracked and gasified on the secondary combustion grate, so that accumulation and incomplete combustion are avoided.
Preferably: the combustor is a high-temperature oxygen supplementing combustion-supporting device and comprises a fire tube, and the fire tube is used for communicating a hearth with a gas combustion chamber; an outer ring cover is arranged outside the fire tube and is in sealing connection with the fire tube, a cavity between the outer ring cover and the fire tube is an oxygen passing cavity, a plurality of oxygen inlet holes are formed in the fire tube in the oxygen passing cavity, and the oxygen supplementing tube is communicated with the oxygen passing cavity. The oxygen inlet holes are arranged on the fire tube in a spiral line manner and form an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal section of the tube wall.
Preferably: the outer portion of the part of the combustor, which is positioned in the gas combustion chamber, is wrapped with a small boiler which is used for generating steam in an auxiliary manner by using smoke and fire heating, and the small boiler is communicated with the large boiler through a conducting pipe.
Preferably: the large boiler barrel is also provided with a pressure gauge seat and a manhole.
Preferably: and a sewage draining outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water clamping sleeve or the water collecting pipe.
Preferably: the oxygen supplemented by the oxygen supplementing pipe is high-temperature air, and under the normal working condition, the air introduced from the oxygen supplementing pipe exchanges heat with smoke and fire to form high-temperature air.
This solid fuel high temperature oxygen deficiency burner's advantage:
1. the device adopts a zone-by-zone step-by-step high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion technology, and according to different main combustion properties of each zone, the combustion part is provided with three communicated combustion zones, and the first combustion zone is a solid fuel semi-gasification combustion zone which is arranged in the upper and lower zones of the grate-fired grate; the second combustion zone is a carbon and gas combustion zone, which is an area between the grate-fired grate and the secondary combustion grate; the third combustion zone is a gas combustion zone, which is within the burner and gas combustion chamber. This device is divided into three regional burning with solid fuel's combustion process, with solid fuel's combustion stroke extension, whole journey all is in high temperature lean oxygen combustion state under the normal combustion operating mode, realizes that fuel fully burns, improves thermal conversion efficiency, reduces nitrogen oxide's formation, eliminates black cigarette, reaches energy-efficient environmental protection's purpose, and it is even to realize burner's temperature field simultaneously, avoids local high temperature, extension burner's life-span.
2. The conducting pipe of the large boiler barrel and the small boiler barrel penetrates through the gas combustion chamber, the heating area is large, the heating stroke is long, the heating temperature is high, the heat exchange rate is high, and the superheated steam with the temperature of more than 180 ℃ can be easily generated under the condition that the pressure is less than 0.1 Mpa.
3. The secondary combustion grate is also arranged in the hearth at the lower part of the water-cooling grate, the secondary combustion grate receives the incompletely combusted solid combustible falling from the water-cooling grate, and the incompletely combusted solid combustible can be continuously combusted, cracked and gasified on the secondary combustion grate, so that the phenomenon of accumulation and incomplete combustion is avoided, and the full combustion of fuel is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus in embodiment 3;
FIG. 2 is a schematic right-side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of direction A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of FIG. 2 taken along line B-B;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the burner;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the oxygen inlet holes in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the installation position of the small drum;
FIG. 9 is a left side elevational view of the mounting relationship of the small drum of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus in embodiment 4;
the part names of the sequence numbers in the figure are:
1. a furnace base, 2, an ash discharge port, 3, a furnace door, 4, a furnace body, 5, a pressure gauge base, 6, a manhole, 7, a safety valve seat, 8, a steam outlet, 9, a large boiler barrel, 10, a smoke exhaust port, 11, an air inlet pipe, 12, a sewage discharge port, 13, a water clamping sleeve, 14, a transverse boiler exhaust pipe, 15, a longitudinal boiler exhaust pipe, 16, a conduction header pipe, 17, a side wall pipe, 18, a steam generation cavity, 19, a partition plate, 20, a steam superheating pipe, 21, a steam superheating cavity, 22, a conduction pipe, 23, a water heating pipe, 24, a rear wall pipe, 25, a hearth high-temperature oxygen replenishing pipe, 26, an oxygen replenishing pipe, 27, a secondary combustion grate, 28, a combustor, 29, a hearth, 30, a steam exhaust port, 31, a smoke passing chamber, 32, a gas combustion chamber, 33, a smoke exhaust chamber, 34, a fire passing pipe, 35, an oxygen inlet hole, 36, an oxygen passing chamber, 37, an outer ring cover, 38, a small boiler barrel, an air inlet, 41. air duct, 42, air cavity, 43, air outlet, 44 and flue gas induced draft fan.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the following describes the technical scheme of the solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device clearly and completely in combination with the embodiment and the attached drawings.
Example 1
A solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base 1 and a furnace body 4, wherein the furnace body 4 is arranged on the furnace base 1; a hearth 29 is arranged in the furnace body 4, and an ash discharge port 2 and a furnace door 3 are arranged on the furnace body 4 in front of the hearth 29; a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth 29; a gas combustion chamber 32 is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth 29; the lower part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is communicated with the lower part of the hearth 29 through the combustor 28, and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is directly connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan 44 and used for conveying flue gas to dry materials; the hearth 29 is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25, and the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 provides high-temperature air for the hearth 29; the combustor 28 is connected with an oxygen supply pipe 26, and the oxygen supply pipe 26 supplies oxygen to the combustor 28; the hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe 25 and the oxygen supply pipe 26 are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe 11. The solid fuel is burned in the furnace 29 and the smoke and fire from the burner 28 pass into the gas combustion chamber 32 and are discharged from the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 after heat exchange with the heat exchange device. Under normal working conditions, air introduced from the high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 of the hearth exchanges heat with smoke and fire to form high-temperature air with the temperature of more than 300 ℃, so that the whole combustion process is in high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion, the fuel is fully combusted, and the generation of nitrogen oxides is inhibited. The hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 extends to the front end of the hearth 29 from two sides of the lower part of the rear side of the hearth 29, then is bent upwards to the upper part of the grate firing layer and finally extends to the rear side of the hearth 29, and a plurality of oxygen supply holes are formed in the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25. The combustor 28 is a high-temperature oxygen supplementing combustion-supporting combustor and comprises a fire tube 34, and the fire tube 34 communicates a hearth 29 with the gas combustion chamber 32; an outer ring cover 37 is arranged outside the fire tube 34, a cavity between the outer ring cover 37 and the fire tube 34 is an oxygen passing cavity 36, a plurality of oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in the oxygen passing cavity 36, and the oxygen supplementing tube 26 is communicated with the oxygen passing cavity 36.
Example 2
A solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base 1 and a furnace body 4, wherein the furnace body 4 is arranged on the furnace base 1; a hearth 29 is arranged in the furnace body 4, and an ash discharge port 2 and a furnace door 3 are arranged on the furnace body 4 in front of the hearth 29; a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth 29; a gas combustion chamber 32 is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth 29; the lower part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is communicated with the lower part of the hearth 29 through the burner 28, and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan 44 through a heat exchange device; the hearth 29 is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25, and the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 provides high-temperature air for the hearth 29; the combustor 28 is connected with an oxygen supply pipe 26, and the oxygen supply pipe 26 supplies oxygen to the combustor 28; the hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe 25 and the oxygen supply pipe 26 are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe 11. The hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 extends to the front end of the hearth 29 from two sides of the lower part of the rear side of the hearth 29, then is bent upwards to the upper part of the grate firing layer and finally extends to the rear side of the hearth 29, and a plurality of oxygen supply holes are formed in the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25.
The hearth wall of the hearth 29 is provided with a water clamping sleeve 13 or a water collecting pipe; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket 13 or the water collecting pipe; the heat exchange device is a large boiler barrel 9, the large boiler barrel 9 is arranged at the upper part of the hearth 29, and hot water and/or steam are generated by utilizing the heat radiation of the hearth 29 and the heat of smoke and fire; the large boiler barrel 9 is provided with a safety valve seat 7, a steam outlet 8 and a water replenishing port; a plurality of steam superheater tubes 20 and water heating tubes 23 transversely penetrate through the large boiler barrel 9, and the steam superheater tubes 20 are positioned at the upper parts of the water heating tubes 23; the two ends of the large boiler barrel 9 are respectively provided with a smoke passing chamber 31 and a smoke exhausting chamber 33; the smoke exhaust chamber 33 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 10; the two sides of the large boiler barrel 9 are communicated with the water clamping sleeve 13 or the water collecting pipe through side wall pipes 17; the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is communicated with one end of the water heating pipe 23, and the other end of the water heating pipe 23 is communicated with the smoke passing chamber 31; one end of the steam superheater tube 20 is also communicated with the flue gas passing chamber 31, and the other end of the steam superheater tube 20 is communicated with the flue gas discharging chamber 33. The smoke passing chamber and the smoke discharging chamber are provided with slag cleaning ports, so that dust is conveniently cleaned. The solid fuel is combusted in the hearth 29, the incompletely combusted combustible materials are continuously combusted in the combustor 28 and the gas combustion chamber 32, the generated high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through the water heating pipe 23, the smoke passing chamber 31, the steam overheating pipe 20 and the smoke exhaust chamber 33, and finally is exhausted out of the combustion device from the smoke exhaust port 10, the smoke exhaust port 10 is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe, and a flue gas purification device and a draught fan are installed on the smoke exhaust pipe. Under normal working conditions, air introduced from the high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 of the hearth exchanges heat with smoke and fire to form high-temperature air with the temperature of more than 300 ℃, so that the whole combustion process is in high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion, the fuel is fully combusted, and the generation of nitrogen oxides is inhibited.
The water-cooled grate is composed of a plurality of transverse grate pipes 14 and longitudinal grate pipes 15, the transverse grate pipes 14 are arranged at the lower parts of the longitudinal grate pipes 15, the front end and the rear end of each longitudinal grate pipe 15 are respectively communicated with the water clamping sleeve 13 or the water collecting pipe through a conducting main pipe 16, and the two ends of each transverse grate pipe 14 are respectively communicated with the water clamping sleeve 13 or the water collecting pipe.
The conducting main pipe 16 at the rear end of the longitudinal furnace exhaust pipe 15 is also communicated with the large boiler barrel 9 through a rear wall pipe 24 and a conducting pipe 22 arranged in a gas combustion chamber 32 respectively.
A partition plate 19 which divides the upper part and the lower part of the large boiler barrel 9 into a steam overheating cavity 21 and a steam generating cavity 18 is arranged in the barrel of the large boiler barrel 9, the steam overheating cavity 21 is communicated with the steam generating cavity 18 through a steam passing port 30, a water heating pipe 23 is arranged in the steam generating cavity 18, and a steam overheating pipe 20 is arranged in the steam overheating cavity 21. The water replenishing port is arranged at the steam generating cavity, and the steam outlet is arranged at one end of the top of the steam superheating cavity.
And a secondary combustion grate 27 is also arranged in a hearth 29 at the lower part of the water-cooling grate. The secondary combustion grate 27 catches the incompletely combusted solid combustible falling from the grate, and the incompletely combusted solid combustible can be continuously combusted, cracked and gasified on the secondary combustion grate 27, so that accumulation and incomplete combustion are avoided.
The burner 28 includes a fire tube 34, and the fire tube 34 connects the furnace 29 and the gas combustion chamber 32; an outer ring cover 37 is arranged outside the fire tube 34, a cavity between the outer ring cover 37 and the fire tube 34 is an oxygen passing cavity 36, a plurality of oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in the oxygen passing cavity 36, and the oxygen supplementing tube 26 is communicated with the oxygen passing cavity 36. The oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in a spiral line manner, and form an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal section of the tube wall.
Example 3
A solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base 1 and a furnace body 4, wherein the furnace body 4 is arranged on the furnace base 1; a hearth 29 is arranged in the furnace body 4, and an ash discharge port 2 and a furnace door 3 are arranged on the furnace body 4 in front of the hearth 29; a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth 29; a gas combustion chamber 32 is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth 29; the lower part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is communicated with the lower part of the hearth 29 through the burner 28, and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan 44 through a heat exchange device; the hearth 29 is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25, and the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 provides high-temperature air for the hearth 29; the combustor 28 is connected with an oxygen supply pipe 26, and the oxygen supply pipe 26 supplies oxygen to the combustor 28; the hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe 25 and the oxygen supply pipe 26 are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe 11. The oxygen supplemented by the oxygen supplementing pipe is high-temperature air, and under the normal working condition, the air introduced from the oxygen supplementing pipe exchanges heat with smoke and fire to form high-temperature air.
The hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 extends to the front end of the hearth 29 from two sides of the lower part of the rear side of the hearth 29, then is bent upwards to the upper part of the grate firing layer and finally extends to the rear side of the hearth 29, and a plurality of oxygen supply holes are formed in the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25.
The hearth wall of the hearth 29 is provided with a water clamping sleeve 13; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket 13; the bottom of the water jacket 13 is provided with a sewage draining outlet 12. The heat exchange device is a large boiler barrel 9, the large boiler barrel 9 is arranged at the upper part of the hearth 29, and hot water and/or steam are generated by utilizing the heat radiation of the hearth 29 and the heat of smoke and fire; the large boiler barrel is also provided with a pressure gauge seat and a manhole. The large boiler barrel 9 is provided with a safety valve seat 7, a steam outlet 8 and a water replenishing port; a plurality of steam superheater tubes 20 and water heating tubes 23 transversely penetrate through the large boiler barrel 9, and the steam superheater tubes 20 are positioned at the upper parts of the water heating tubes 23; the two ends of the large boiler barrel 9 are respectively provided with a smoke passing chamber 31 and a smoke exhausting chamber 33; the smoke exhaust chamber 33 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 10; the two sides of the large boiler barrel 9 are communicated with the water jacket 13 through side wall pipes 17; the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is communicated with one end of the water heating pipe 23, and the other end of the water heating pipe 23 is communicated with the smoke passing chamber 31; one end of the steam superheater tube 20 is also communicated with the flue gas passing chamber 31, and the other end of the steam superheater tube 20 is communicated with the flue gas discharging chamber 33. The smoke passing chamber and the smoke discharging chamber are provided with slag cleaning ports, so that dust is conveniently cleaned. The solid fuel is combusted in the hearth 29, the incompletely combusted combustible materials are continuously combusted in the combustor 28 and the gas combustion chamber 32, the generated high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through the water heating pipe 23, the smoke passing chamber 31, the steam overheating pipe 20 and the smoke exhaust chamber 33, and finally is exhausted out of the combustion device from the smoke exhaust port 10, the smoke exhaust port 10 is connected with a smoke exhaust pipe, and a flue gas purification device and a draught fan are installed on the smoke exhaust pipe. Under normal working conditions, air introduced from the high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 of the hearth exchanges heat with smoke and fire to form high-temperature air with the temperature of more than 300 ℃, so that the whole combustion process is in high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion, the fuel is fully combusted, and the generation of nitrogen oxides is inhibited.
The water-cooled grate is composed of a plurality of transverse grate pipes 14 and longitudinal grate pipes 15, the transverse grate pipes 14 are arranged at the lower parts of the longitudinal grate pipes 15, the front end and the rear end of each longitudinal grate pipe 15 are respectively communicated with the water jacket 13 through the conducting main pipe 16, and the two ends of each transverse grate pipe 14 are respectively communicated with the water jacket 13.
The conducting main pipe 16 at the rear end of the longitudinal furnace exhaust pipe 15 is also communicated with the large boiler barrel 9 through a rear wall pipe 24 and a conducting pipe 22 arranged in a gas combustion chamber 32 respectively.
A partition plate 19 which divides the upper part and the lower part of the large boiler barrel 9 into a steam overheating cavity 21 and a steam generating cavity 18 is arranged in the barrel of the large boiler barrel 9, the steam overheating cavity 21 is communicated with the steam generating cavity 18 through a steam passing port 30, a water heating pipe 23 is arranged in the steam generating cavity 18, and a steam overheating pipe 20 is arranged in the steam overheating cavity 21. The water replenishing port is arranged at the steam generating cavity, and the steam outlet is arranged at one end of the top of the steam superheating cavity.
And a secondary combustion grate 27 is also arranged in a hearth 29 at the lower part of the water-cooling grate. The secondary combustion grate 27 catches the incompletely combusted solid combustible falling from the grate, and the incompletely combusted solid combustible can be continuously combusted on the secondary combustion grate 27, so that accumulation and incomplete combustion are avoided.
The burner 28 includes a fire tube 34, and the fire tube 34 connects the furnace 29 and the gas combustion chamber 32; an outer ring cover 37 is arranged outside the fire tube 34, a cavity between the outer ring cover 37 and the fire tube 34 is an oxygen passing cavity 36, a plurality of oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in the oxygen passing cavity 36, and the oxygen supplementing tube 26 is communicated with the oxygen passing cavity 36. The oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in a spiral line manner, and form an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal section of the tube wall.
The outer part of the end of the gas combustion chamber 32 of the burner 28 is wrapped with a small boiler 38 which can generate steam by using firework heating assistance, and the small boiler 38 is communicated with the large boiler 9 through the conducting pipe 22.
Example 4
A solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base 1 and a furnace body 4, wherein the furnace body 4 is arranged on the furnace base 1; a hearth 29 is arranged in the furnace body 4, and an ash discharge port 2 and a furnace door 3 are arranged on the furnace body 4 in front of the hearth 29; a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth 29; a gas combustion chamber 32 is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth 29; the lower part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is communicated with the lower part of the hearth 29 through the burner 28, and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32 is connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan 44 through a heat exchange device; the hearth 29 is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25, and the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 provides high-temperature air for the hearth 29; the combustor 28 is connected with an oxygen supply pipe 26, and the oxygen supply pipe 26 supplies oxygen to the combustor 28; the hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe 25 and the oxygen supply pipe 26 are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe 11. The oxygen supplemented by the oxygen supplementing pipe is high-temperature air, and under the normal working condition, the air introduced from the oxygen supplementing pipe exchanges heat with smoke and fire to form high-temperature air.
The hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 extends to the front end of the hearth 29 from two sides of the lower part of the rear side of the hearth 29, then is bent upwards to the upper part of the grate firing layer and finally extends to the rear side of the hearth 29, and a plurality of oxygen supply holes are formed in the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25.
The hearth wall of the hearth 29 is provided with a water clamping sleeve 13 or a water collecting pipe; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket 13 or the water collecting pipe; the heat exchange device is an air duct 41, the air duct 41 is arranged at the upper part of the hearth 29, and hot air is generated by utilizing the heat radiation of the hearth 29 and the heat of smoke and fire; the inner space of the air duct 41 is an air cavity 42, one end of the air cavity 42 is provided with an air inlet 39, and the other end of the air cavity 42 is provided with an air outlet 43; a plurality of heat exchange tubes 40 are arranged in the air cavity 42 in a penetrating way, one end of each heat exchange tube 40 is communicated with the upper part of the gas combustion chamber 32, the other end of each heat exchange tube 40 is communicated with a smoke discharge chamber 33, and the smoke discharge chamber 33 is provided with a smoke outlet 10.
The water-cooled grate is composed of a plurality of transverse grate pipes 14 and longitudinal grate pipes 15, the transverse grate pipes 14 are arranged at the lower parts of the longitudinal grate pipes 15, the front end and the rear end of each longitudinal grate pipe 15 are respectively communicated with the water jacket 13 through the conducting main pipe 16, and the two ends of each transverse grate pipe 14 are respectively communicated with the water jacket 13.
And a secondary combustion grate 27 is also arranged in a hearth 29 at the lower part of the water-cooling grate. The secondary combustion grate 27 catches the incompletely combusted solid combustible falling from the grate, and the incompletely combusted solid combustible can be continuously combusted on the secondary combustion grate 27, so that accumulation and incomplete combustion are avoided.
The burner 28 includes a fire tube 34, and the fire tube 34 connects the furnace 29 and the gas combustion chamber 32; an outer ring cover 37 is arranged outside the fire tube 34, a cavity between the outer ring cover 37 and the fire tube 34 is an oxygen passing cavity 36, a plurality of oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in the oxygen passing cavity 36, and the oxygen supplementing tube 26 is communicated with the oxygen passing cavity 36. The oxygen inlet holes 35 are arranged on the fire tube 34 in a spiral line manner, and form an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal section of the tube wall.
The working flow of the solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device in the embodiment 3 is as follows: water is introduced into the large boiler barrel 9 and also enters the water-cooling grate, the water jacket 13 and the small boiler barrel 38, and the fuel is combusted in the hearth 29 to generate radiant heat, so that heat exchange is carried out on the water in the large boiler barrel 9, the water-cooling grate and the water-containing layer 31 to generate steam; due to the action of a smoke induced draft fan, the combustible materials which are not completely combusted burn in the hearth 29, enter a high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion supporter (a combustor 28) and a gas combustion chamber 32 to be combusted again, smoke and fire enter the gas combustion chamber 32 from the high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion supporter (the combustor 28), enter a smoke passing chamber 31 from a water heating pipe 23 in a steam generation chamber 18 of the large boiler 9, enter a smoke discharging chamber 33 from a steam overheating pipe 20 in a steam overheating chamber 34 in the large boiler 9 and are discharged from a smoke discharging port 10; the flue gas in the water heating pipe 23 continuously exchanges heat with the water in the steam generating chamber 18, the water in the steam generating chamber 18 is heated to form steam, the steam rises into the steam superheating chamber 34 through the steam passing port 30, the steam continuously exchanges heat with the flue gas in the steam superheating pipe 20 to form superheated steam, and the superheated steam is discharged from the steam outlet 8. The oxygen supplementing pipe 26 and the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25 are heated by heat generated by fuel combustion, so that air introduced into the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe is heated to form high-temperature air with the temperature of more than 300 ℃, the high-temperature air is conveyed into the hearth 29 through the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe 25, the drying, combustion and gasification of solid fuel are accelerated, less oxygen is needed in the combustion process, the combustion is realized under the condition of 3-5% of low oxygen content, and the generation of nitrogen oxides is reduced; the incompletely combusted solid combustible on the water-cooled grate falls onto the secondary combustion grate 27 for continuous combustion, cracking and gasification; air is conveyed to the high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion-supporting device (combustor 28) through the oxygen supplementing pipe 26, combustible mixed gas generated in the hearth passes through the high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion-supporting device (combustor 28) and is in contact combustion with oxygen introduced through the oxygen inlet hole 35 of the fire tube 34, and the combustible mixed gas and the oxygen which is not fully combusted can be combusted, so that the combustibles (combustible mixed gas and particles which are not fully combusted) can be fully combusted in the high-temperature oxygen-poor combustion-supporting device (combustor 28) and the gas combustion chamber 32, the combustion efficiency is improved, black smoke is reduced, and the emission of atmospheric emissions reaching the standard is easy to realize.
The above description is not intended to limit the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A solid fuel high-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device comprises a furnace base (1) and a furnace body (4), wherein the furnace body (4) is arranged on the furnace base (1); a hearth (29) is arranged in the furnace body (4), and an ash discharge port (2) and a furnace door (3) are arranged on the furnace body (4) at the front part of the hearth (29); a grate firing grate is arranged in the hearth (29); the method is characterized in that: a gas combustion chamber (32) is arranged at the rear side or the side surface of the hearth (29); the lower part of the gas combustion chamber (32) is communicated with the lower part of the hearth (29) through a combustor (28), and the upper part of the gas combustion chamber (32) is directly connected with a flue gas pipe provided with a flue gas induced draft fan (44) or connected with the flue gas pipe provided with the flue gas induced draft fan (44) through a heat exchange device; the hearth (29) is provided with a hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe (25), and the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe (25) provides high-temperature air for the hearth (29); the combustor (28) is connected with an oxygen supply pipe (26), and the oxygen supply pipe (26) supplies oxygen for the combustor (28); the hearth high-temperature oxygen supply pipe (25) and the oxygen supply pipe (26) are respectively connected with an air inlet pipe (11) for adjusting air inflow.
2. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe (25) extends to the front end of the hearth (29) from two sides of the lower part of the rear side of the hearth (29), then is bent to the upper part of the grate layer combustion furnace and finally extends to the rear side of the hearth (29), and a plurality of oxygen supplying holes are formed in the hearth high-temperature oxygen supplementing pipe (25).
3. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hearth wall of the hearth (29) is provided with a water clamping sleeve (13) or a water collecting pipe; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket (13) or the water collecting pipe; the heat exchange device is a large boiler barrel (9), the large boiler barrel (9) is arranged at the upper part of the hearth (29), and hot water and/or steam are generated by utilizing the heat radiation of the hearth (29) and the heat of smoke and fire; the large boiler barrel (9) is provided with a safety valve seat (7), a steam outlet (8) and a water replenishing port; a plurality of steam superheater tubes (20) and water heating tubes (23) transversely penetrate through the large boiler barrel (9), and the steam superheater tubes (20) are positioned at the upper parts of the water heating tubes (23); the two ends of the large boiler barrel (9) are respectively provided with a smoke passing chamber (31) and a smoke discharging chamber (33); the smoke exhaust chamber (33) is provided with a smoke exhaust port (10); the two sides of the large boiler barrel (9) are communicated with the water clamping sleeve (13) or the water collecting pipe through side wall pipes (17); the upper part of the gas combustion chamber (32) is communicated with one end of the water heating pipe (23), and the other end of the water heating pipe (23) is communicated with the smoke passing chamber (31); one end of the steam superheating pipe (20) is also communicated with the smoke superheating chamber (31), and the other end of the steam superheating pipe (20) is communicated with the smoke discharging chamber (33).
4. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hearth wall of the hearth (29) is provided with a water clamping sleeve (13) or a water collecting pipe; the grate firing furnace is a water-cooling grate which is communicated with the water jacket (13) or the water collecting pipe; the heat exchange device is an air duct (41), the air duct (41) is arranged at the upper part of the hearth (29), and hot air is generated by utilizing the heat radiation of the hearth (29) and the heat of smoke and fire; the inner space of the air duct (41) is an air cavity (42), one end of the air cavity (42) is provided with an air inlet (39), and the other end of the air cavity (42) is provided with an air outlet (43); a plurality of heat exchange tubes (40) are arranged in the air cavity (42) in a penetrating way, one end of each heat exchange tube (40) is communicated with the upper part of the gas combustion chamber (32), the other end of each heat exchange tube (40) is communicated with a smoke exhaust chamber (33), and the smoke exhaust chamber (33) is provided with a smoke exhaust port (10).
5. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the water-cooled grate adopts a grate with a single-layer water pipe structure or an upper-layer water pipe structure and a lower-layer water pipe structure; the fire grate with the upper and lower double-layer water pipe structure is composed of a plurality of transverse fire grate pipes (14) and longitudinal fire grate pipes (15), wherein the transverse fire grate pipes (14) are arranged at the lower part or the upper part of the longitudinal fire grate pipes (15), the front end and the rear end of each longitudinal fire grate pipe (15) are respectively communicated with the water clamping sleeve (13) or the water collecting pipe through the conducting main pipe (16), and the two ends of each transverse fire grate pipe (14) are respectively communicated with the water clamping sleeve (13) or the water collecting pipe.
6. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the conducting main pipe (16) at the rear end of the longitudinal furnace exhaust pipe (15) is also communicated with the large boiler barrel (9) through a rear wall pipe (24) and a conducting pipe (22) arranged in the gas combustion chamber (32) respectively.
7. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the boiler is characterized in that a separation plate (19) which divides the upper part and the lower part of the large boiler barrel (9) into a steam overheating cavity (21) and a steam generating cavity (18) is arranged in the barrel, the steam overheating cavity (21) and the steam generating cavity (18) are communicated through a steam overheating port (30), a water heating pipe (23) is arranged in the steam generating cavity (18), and a steam overheating pipe (20) is arranged in the steam overheating cavity (21).
8. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: and a secondary combustion grate (27) is also arranged in a hearth (29) at the lower part of the water-cooling grate.
9. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustor (28) is a high-temperature oxygen supplementing combustion-supporting combustor and comprises a fire passing pipe (34), and the fire passing pipe (34) is used for communicating a hearth (29) with a gas combustion chamber (32); an outer ring cover (37) is arranged outside the fire tube (34), a cavity between the outer ring cover (37) and the fire tube (34) is an oxygen passing cavity (36), a plurality of oxygen inlet holes (35) are formed in the fire tube (34) in the oxygen passing cavity (36), and the oxygen supplementing tube (26) is communicated with the oxygen passing cavity (36).
10. The solid fuel high temperature oxygen-deficient combustion apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the part of the burner (28) positioned in the gas combustion chamber (32) is externally wrapped with a small boiler barrel (38) which can generate steam by using firework heating assistance, and the small boiler barrel (38) is communicated with the large boiler barrel (9) through a conducting pipe (22).
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| CN202022085369.0U CN212339224U (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | High-temperature oxygen-deficient combustion device for solid fuel |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113319964A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-08-31 | 赖世成 | Method and equipment for carbonizing wood by normal pressure superheated steam |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113319964A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-08-31 | 赖世成 | Method and equipment for carbonizing wood by normal pressure superheated steam |
| CN113319964B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-03-22 | 赖世成 | Method and equipment for carbonizing wood by normal pressure superheated steam |
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