CN211091689U - Pu' er tea solid state fermentation jar ventilation unit - Google Patents
Pu' er tea solid state fermentation jar ventilation unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN211091689U CN211091689U CN201921254958.8U CN201921254958U CN211091689U CN 211091689 U CN211091689 U CN 211091689U CN 201921254958 U CN201921254958 U CN 201921254958U CN 211091689 U CN211091689 U CN 211091689U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fermentation equipment and discloses a ventilation device of a Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank, which comprises a cylinder, an air guide flange and an air injection assembly which are arranged at the two ends of the bottom of the fermentation tank; the side walls of the two ends of the fermentation tank are provided with air vents, and the air vents are detachably connected with the air guide flanges; the air cylinder is used for driving the air guide flange to stretch and retract, so that an air guide through hole positioned between the air cylinder push rod and the air guide flange can be connected with or separated from the air vent, and ventilation or ventilation stopping is realized; and moreover, vent pipes are uniformly arranged at the positions where the bottom inside the fermentation tank is connected with the vent holes. The utility model discloses a to improving in the breather the constitution of each subassembly and their relation of connection etc, adopt the cylinder to drive the air guide flange and carry out concertina movement, make this air guide flange and the blow vent that is located on the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder both ends form detachable and be connected, can effectively promote homogeneity and the gas utilization ratio of ventilating in the fermentation cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fermentation equipment, more specifically relates to a pu 'er tea solid state fermentation jar air breather, and this air breather has the air vent and is not blockked up, ventilates easily to control, and gas distribution is more even, and is showing characteristics such as having improved gas utilization and rate, is applicable to very much that pu' er tea fermentation jar uses.
Background
Pu-erh tea is prepared from big leaf sun-dried green tea of Yunnan, and is mainly divided into Pu-erh raw tea and Pu-erh ripe tea due to different preparation processes. At present, the fermentation mode commonly adopted by the Pu-Er ripe tea is pile fermentation, but with the improvement of living standard and the improvement of scientific technology, the quality requirement of the Pu-Er ripe tea is gradually improved, and the Pu-Er tea fermentation production by using the Pu-Er tea solid fermentation tank becomes the main research direction.
Microorganisms such as aspergillus niger and yeast are the key for fermenting the Pu ' er tea, and the ventilation volume is the key for influencing the growth of aerobic bacteria such as aspergillus niger and yeast and the synthesis of products, so that the ventilation uniformity in a Pu ' er tea solid fermentation tank is ensured, and the key for improving the gas utilization rate is the key for improving the quality of Pu ' er ripe tea products. At present, the ventilation device in the fermentation tank almost adopts a straight-through mode, namely air is introduced into materials through a ventilation pipe route ventilation port, the improved modes mainly include the position of the ventilation port, the ventilation direction and the like, in the Chinese patent application 201120201948.5 drum-type Pu' er tea fermentation machine, an air inlet is mainly formed in the center of the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the ventilation mode hardly leads the air to be introduced into two ends of the bottom of the fermentation tank and cannot ensure the uniformity of the fermentation process of the solid fermentation tank; the Chinese patent application 201510160360.2 discloses a horizontal solid fermentation tank for Pu' er tea and a fermentation method, wherein the stirring mode of the fermentation tank is realized by a stirring system and a deblocking device in the fermentation tank, the fermentation tank is fixed, air is only introduced from one side of the bottom of the fermentation tank, the uniformity of air introduction in the fermentation process cannot be ensured, and tea residues easily block an air vent; chinese patent application 2016214773353 has improved the position of ventilating, makes gas let in the fermentation cylinder through the even air vent of distribution on the fermentation cylinder hollow tube, and this mode of ventilating has effectively improved the inside material of solid fermentation jar homogeneity of ventilating, nevertheless because the air vent is in the material top, probably can make fermentation cylinder bottom material ventilate inadequately, and gas utilization is rateed lowly. At present, the core problem that needs to solve still is urgent about solid state fermentation jar's ventilation problem, and the urgent need breaks through, promptly, when how to guarantee that the solid state fermentation jar air vent is not blockked up by the material, can make the inside gas distribution of material in the fermentation cylinder more even, and gas utilization is high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the above defect or the improvement demand of prior art, the utility model aims to provide a pu' er tea solid state fermentation jar air breather, wherein improve through the constitution of each subassembly in to air breather and their relation of connection etc, adopt the cylinder to drive the air guide flange that is located near fermentation cylinder bottom both ends and carry out concertina movement, can release the through-hole in the middle of the cylinder push rod and be used for ventilating or the withdrawal through-hole stops ventilating, make this air guide flange and the blow vent that is located on the lateral wall of fermentation cylinder both ends form detachable and be connected, can effectively avoid the jam of blow vent, homogeneity and the gas utilization ratio of ventilating in the promotion fermentation cylinder.
In order to achieve the aim, the utility model provides an aeration device of a Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank, which is characterized in that the aeration device is used for sending sterile air which comes from an air compressor and is treated by an air filter into the fermentation tank; the ventilating device mainly comprises air cylinders, air guide flanges and air injection components which are positioned at two ends of the bottom of the fermentation tank, and air vents are also formed in the side walls of the two ends of the fermentation tank; the gas injection assembly is positioned in the fermentation tank and used for directly feeding gas into the fermentation tank, and the gas injection assembly supplies gas through the vent; the air vent is detachably connected with the air guide flange, the air guide flange is arranged on a push rod of the air cylinder, the air cylinder is used for driving the air guide flange to stretch, an air guide through hole is simultaneously arranged between the push rod of the air cylinder and the air guide flange, and the air guide through hole and the air vent can be connected or separated by utilizing the stretching of the air guide flange, so that the air is conveyed to the inside of the fermentation tank and stops being conveyed; and a vent pipe is arranged at the position where the bottom inside the fermentation tank is connected with the vent hole and is used for connecting the air injection assembly with the vent hole.
As a further preference of the utility model, the air guide flange is funnel-shaped, the area of the end surface of the air guide flange close to the air vent is large, and the area of the end surface of the air guide flange far away from the air vent is small; and the cross section area of the ventilation channel is larger than that of the ventilation channel in the air vent on the end surface of the air guide flange close to the air vent.
As a further optimization of the utility model, the breather pipes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the number of the breather pipes is 8-10.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the air guide flange is used for connecting the air guide through hole with the vent port and conveying sterile air when the fermentation tank is still; under the condition that the fermentation tank rotates, the air guide through hole can be separated from the air vent, and air conveying is stopped.
As a further optimization of the utility model, the diameter of the air guide through hole is 6-12mm, and the diameter of the air vent on the side walls at the two ends of the fermentation tank is 14-20 mm.
As the utility model discloses a further preferred, the air guide flange with the breather pipe all adopts the stainless steel material that accords with the food safety requirement.
Through the technical scheme of the utility model, through the improvement of the fermentation ventilation device, compared with the ventilation device and the ventilation mode of the existing fermentation tank, the ventilation uniformity and the gas utilization rate can be greatly improved, the charging ratio can be further improved, the productivity can be increased, the cost can be reduced, and a larger space is provided for reducing the rotation speed of the fermentation tank and ensuring the integrity of the tea leaves after fermentation; particularly, the utility model provides a fermentation cylinder air-breather has following characteristics:
① the air cylinder of the utility model has double functions, the air guide through hole arranged between the air cylinder push rod and the air guide flange can be used for ventilation or stop ventilation, the air guide flange is telescopic (i.e. the air guide through hole is detachably connected with the vent hole in the telescopic process of the air guide flange), the air guide through hole and the vent hole can not be blocked by broken tea leaves, the position of the air guide flange can be set as the initial position when the air guide flange is separated from the vent hole, thus the air guide flange is driven by the air cylinder to connect the end face of the air guide through hole between the air cylinder push rod and the air guide flange with the vent hole to start ventilation under the static condition of the fermentation tank, and when the fermentation tank rotates, the air cylinder drives the end face of the air guide through.
② breather contains two cylinders, installs respectively in fermentation cylinder bottom both ends, and contains a plurality of breather pipes, and breather pipe evenly distributed is in the fermentation cylinder bottom, and the improvement of above-mentioned equipment is ventilated from the air duct of controlling both ends and evenly distributed respectively, has guaranteed the homogeneity of ventilating in the fermentation cylinder.
③ the air guide flange connected with the cylinder is preferably designed to be funnel-like, and realizes the large round and small round at the joint with the rotary cylinder, namely when the fermentation cylinder stops rotating, the air can be normally ventilated when the stop position and the central axis plane form +/-2 degrees.
The utility model greatly improves the ventilation device, and simultaneously installs the ventilation device at both ends of the fermentation tank aiming at the problem of the ventilation uniformity inside the solid fermentation tank, thereby ensuring the uniformity of ventilation at both ends, and installs the ventilation pipe at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the ventilation pipe is evenly distributed on the fermentation tank; considering that the installation of the ventilating device faces a great problem (in particular, the fermentation tank related to the utility model mainly stirs through the rotation of the fermentation tank, and the installation of the ventilating device at the bottom of the fermentation tank can limit the rotation of the fermentation tank), the utility model utilizes the air guide flange and sets the air guide flange to be detachably connected with the vent, the ventilating device retracts and stops conveying air when the fermentation tank rotates, and the ventilating device extends out and maintains the stable conveying of sterile air when the ventilating device normally does not rotate; the utility model discloses still through the shape of optimizing repeatedly air guide flange among the design breather, the through-hole (the diameter is preferred 6-12mm) in the middle of the cylinder push rod and the size of blow vent (the diameter is preferred 14-20mm) to guarantee to ventilate normal output, and do not influence the rotation of fermentation cylinder.
To sum up, the utility model discloses innovative design's ventilation unit comprises cylinder and air guide flange, and the air guide flange is installed on the cylinder push rod to preferred design becomes to leak hopper-shaped, when the fermentation cylinder is rotatory, stops to ventilate, and when the fermentation cylinder is static, the realization is ventilated, because the through-hole in the cylinder push rod is scalable, and the through-hole can not block up. Compared with the prior art, the utility model obvious advantage has: the through hole in the solid fermentation tank can not be blocked, the ventilation is easy to control, the gas distribution is more uniform, and the gas utilization rate is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the ventilation pipeline of the ventilation device of the Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the ventilating device of the Pu' er tea solid state fermentation tank of the utility model.
The meanings of the reference symbols in the figures are as follows: 1 is air compressor (i.e. the air compressor machine), and 2 is the fermentation cylinder, and 3 are the solenoid valve, and 4 are the cylinders, and 401 is the cylinder push rod, and 5 is jet-propelled subassembly, and 6 are the moisturizing shower nozzle, and 7 are the air guide flange, and 8 are the blow vent that is located the rotary drum lateral wall.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the ventilation device of the Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank mainly comprises two parts, wherein the ventilation device comprises an air compressor, an air filter, an air cylinder, an air guide flange and a ventilation pipe; the cylinders are positioned at two ends of the bottom of the fermentation tank; the air guide flange is connected with the cylinder (for example, the air guide flange can be connected with a push rod of the cylinder) to form a specially-made ventilation device; the Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device has the following working process: air generated by an air compressor passes through a sterile air filter and then passes through a ventilation device, namely, the ventilation device is controlled by air cylinders positioned at two ends of a fermentation tank, and the sterile air is introduced into the fermentation tank through ventilation pipes uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fermentation tank; when the fermentation tank stops rotating, the air guide flange extends out of the air guide through hole with the diameter of 8-12mm under the driving of the air cylinder push rod, is connected with an air vent (with the diameter of 14-20mm) on the side wall of the rotary cylinder, and starts to ventilate; when the fermentation tank needs to rotate, the air guide flange retracts to an initial point position through an air guide through hole with the diameter of 8-12mm under the driving of the air cylinder push rod, the air guide through hole is separated from an air vent (with the diameter of 14-20mm) on the side wall of the rotary cylinder, the ventilation is stopped, the improvement of the ventilation device realizes the lateral ventilation of the rotary cylinder, and the ventilation can still be realized within the +/-2-degree stop error range of the rotary cylinder; the improvement of the ventilation device not only improves the ventilation position, but also obviously improves the ventilation efficiency, and the ventilation port can not be blocked because the ventilation port is telescopic. Compared with the prior art, the patent has the obvious advantages that: the internal ventilation of the solid fermentation tank is easy to control, the gas distribution is more uniform, and the gas utilization rate is obviously improved.
The utility model discloses breather in the solid state fermentation jar is made by high-quality stainless steel material, and all materials all accord with the food safety requirement.
Example 2
Before the fermentation of the Pu 'er tea fermentation tank, the fermentation is carried out by using an aeration device (see Chinese patent application 2016214773353, namely, aeration is carried out from one end of a hollow shaft and is introduced into the fermentation tank through an air vent on the hollow shaft) and the Pu' er tea fermentation tank after the aeration device is improved respectively, wherein the fermentation process comprises the following steps (except for special description, the settings of the fermentation process parameters and conditions of the two are kept consistent):
(1) preparing strains:
inoculating Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae into PDA solid culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C, respectively culturing each microorganism, and preparing into spore or bacteria suspension with appropriate amount of sterile water to make the final concentration of spore or bacteria number of each microorganism be 1 × 107cfu/mL。
The preparation method of the culture medium can be as follows:
PDA solid culture medium is prepared by cleaning peeled potato 200g, cutting, adding water 1000m L, boiling for half an hour, filtering with gauze while hot, adding glucose 20g, packaging, adding agar 20 g/L, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
(2) And (3) sterilizing a fermentation tank: sterilizing the inner part of the Pu' er tea fermentation tank and the pipeline by adopting high-temperature steam, and maintaining the temperature at 110-;
(3) pretreatment of raw materials: subjecting Pu her tea raw material to ultraviolet pretreatment, such as ultraviolet lamp 30W, tea thickness 5cm, tea distance 40cm from ultraviolet lamp, irradiation area 1m2The treatment time is 20min, so that the total number of the bacteria and the mould in the Pu' er tea is 0-10MPN/100g, 0-50cfu/g and 0-10 cfu/g;
(4) inoculating and fermenting in a fermentation tank:
the pretreated Pu' er tea, sterile water and spore or bacterial suspension can be mixed according to the following mass ratio: 1:0.3:0.05, transferring the mixture into a sterilized fermentation tank after uniform mixing, rotating the fermentation tank to ensure that the mixture is more uniform, and controlling the charging ratio to be 15% and the rotating speed to be 15-20rpm before improving the ventilation device; after the aeration device is improved, the charging ratio is 20 percent, the rotating speed is controlled to be 5-10rpm, and in a 5 t-scale fermentation tank, the tank pressure is maintained to be 0.01-0.02Mpa in the whole fermentation process:
the water content of the tea leaves during fermentation is not less than 25% and not more than 35%, and the temperature and aeration rate in the fermenter can be controlled in stages, for example, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 temperature control of different fermentation stages in a fermenter
(5) And (4) finishing fermentation: combining with key index detection and analysis, and ending fermentation on day 25;
(6) placing the fermentation tank, controlling the temperature in the fermentation tank to 43-45 deg.C after fermentation, continuously introducing sterile air, maintaining the pressure in the fermentation tank at 0-0.01 Mpa, and ventilation amount of 150L/min, and placing the fermentation tank when the water content in the tea leaves is not more than 15% and ventilation time is 1 day;
the fermentation results before the modification of the contemporaneous device and after the modification of the aeration device were analyzed, respectively, and the contents of tea polyphenols and theabrownins were 13.8% and 14.1%, respectively, and 8.36% and 8.65%, respectively.
As the ventilation uniformity and the gas utilization rate are effectively improved, compared with the Pu 'er tea fermentation tank with the improved ventilation device, the charging ratio is improved from 15 percent to 20 percent, the fermentation speed is reduced from 15 rpm to 20rpm, similar fermentation results can be achieved under the same fermentation condition, the productivity is increased, the energy consumption is reduced, and in addition, the Pu' er tea leaves after the improved ventilation device are complete and better.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The ventilation device for the Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank is characterized in that the ventilation device is used for sending sterile air which comes from an air compressor and is treated by an air filter into the fermentation tank; the ventilating device mainly comprises air cylinders, air guide flanges and air injection components which are positioned at two ends of the bottom of the fermentation tank, and air vents are also formed in the side walls of the two ends of the fermentation tank; the gas injection assembly is positioned in the fermentation tank and used for directly feeding gas into the fermentation tank, and the gas injection assembly supplies gas through the vent; the air vent is detachably connected with the air guide flange, the air guide flange is arranged on a push rod of the air cylinder, the air cylinder is used for driving the air guide flange to stretch, an air guide through hole is simultaneously arranged between the push rod of the air cylinder and the air guide flange, and the air guide through hole and the air vent can be connected or separated by utilizing the stretching of the air guide flange, so that the air is conveyed to the inside of the fermentation tank and stops being conveyed; and a vent pipe is arranged at the position where the bottom inside the fermentation tank is connected with the vent hole and is used for connecting the air injection assembly with the vent hole.
2. The Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device of claim 1, wherein the air guide flange is funnel-shaped, the area of the end surface of the air guide flange close to the vent is large, and the area of the end surface of the air guide flange far away from the vent is small; and the cross section area of the ventilation channel is larger than that of the ventilation channel in the air vent on the end surface of the air guide flange close to the air vent.
3. The Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device of claim 1, wherein the ventilation pipes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the number of the ventilation pipes is 8-10.
4. The Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device of claim 1, wherein the air guide flange is used for connecting the air guide through hole with the air vent and conveying sterile air under the condition that the fermentation tank is static; under the condition that the fermentation tank rotates, the air guide through hole can be separated from the air vent, and air conveying is stopped.
5. The Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the air guide through hole is 6-12mm, and the diameter of the ventilation holes on the side walls of the two ends of the fermentation tank is 14-20 mm.
6. The Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device of claim 1, wherein the air guide flange and the air pipe are made of stainless steel materials meeting food safety requirements.
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| CN201921254958.8U CN211091689U (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Pu' er tea solid state fermentation jar ventilation unit |
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| CN201921254958.8U CN211091689U (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Pu' er tea solid state fermentation jar ventilation unit |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110447731A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-15 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of Pu'er tea solid-state fermentation tank air-breather |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110447731A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-15 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of Pu'er tea solid-state fermentation tank air-breather |
| CN110447731B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2024-06-14 | 华中科技大学 | Pu' er tea solid fermentation tank ventilation device |
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