CN210966978U

CN210966978U - Selective laser melting forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece

Info

Publication number: CN210966978U
Application number: CN201921479817.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾晓雁; 魏恺文; 范有光; 孙宏睿; 王泽敏; 刘梦娜
Original assignee: Shanghai Techgiielaser Technology Co ltd; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Shanghai Techgiielaser Technology Co ltd; Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-09-06
Filing date: 2019-09-06
Publication date: 2020-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 2029-09-06

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of advance manufacturing to a laser selective melting forming device of jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork is disclosed. The device comprises a forming cylinder, a base plate, a galvanometer array and a dust removal module; the forming cylinder is annular/frame-shaped and is adaptive to the inner and outer contours of an annular/frame-shaped metal piece to be formed; the substrate is also annular/frame-shaped and is arranged in the forming cylinder; the galvanometer array is positioned above the forming cylinder and comprises a plurality of galvanometer systems, and the upper surface of the forming cylinder is covered by the corresponding scanning area; the dust removal module is positioned between the forming cylinder and the vibrating mirror array and is used for forming a circulating airflow field which is distributed along the normal direction of a frame of the annular metal piece in the radial direction of the annular metal piece or the frame of the frame-shaped metal piece or a plurality of sections of circulating airflow fields which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular metal piece or the frame of the frame-shaped metal piece. The utility model discloses reducible laser is selected district to melt the powder quantity of shaping annular/frame shape metalwork to promote shaping quality and efficiency.

Description

Selective laser melting forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of advance manufacturing, more specifically relates to a laser selective melting forming device of jumbo size annular, frame shape metalwork.

Background

The production and manufacturing field contains a large amount of large-size annular and frame-shaped metal parts, the frequency of updating and developing related equipment is continuously accelerated, and the traditional processing technologies such as casting, forging, welding and the like are gradually difficult to meet the manufacturing requirements of parts due to the problems of slow response speed, multiple process links, long processing period and the like.

The selective laser melting technology is a research hotspot in the field of current laser additive manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing), and the technological process is as follows: firstly, slicing a CAD model of a part to be formed to generate a laser scanning track of each sliced layer; then, a layer of metal powder is laid on the surface of the substrate positioned in the forming cylinder, the moving track of a laser beam is controlled through a galvanometer system according to the slice pattern of the part, selective scanning and melting are carried out on a metal powder bed, and a metal molten pool is rapidly cooled and solidified to form a deposition layer; then, the substrate is lowered by the thickness of a slicing layer, and the processes of 'prearranged powder laying → selective laser melting → substrate lowering' are continuously repeated until the forming of all deposition layers is completed, and finally the integral manufacturing of the metal piece is realized. Obviously, the selective laser melting technology has the advantages of short response time, simple process flow, high processing precision, formable complex structure, excellent product performance, strong material universality and the like, and is expected to bring a new path for manufacturing various large-size annular and frame-shaped metal parts.

However, the existing selective laser melting technology and equipment at home and abroad generally select cylindrical or square-cylindrical forming cylinders and base plates. This structure is suitable for forming small-sized or solid parts, but when it is used for forming large-sized annular metal members or frame-shaped metal members, a large amount of redundant metal powder must be used to fill the area surrounded by the deposited layer of the part (as shown in fig. 1a and 1 b), resulting in a low powder utilization and a sharp increase in raw material cost.

In the selective laser melting and forming process, interaction of laser beams and metal powder can form a large amount of smoke dust, the smoke dust mainly comprises splashed molten drops, powder and burnt metal particles, and if the smoke dust cannot be removed in time, the smoke dust can be deposited on the surface of a metal powder bed, a part deposition layer or an equipment cavity, so that the stability of the subsequent forming process is influenced. The dust removing system of the existing selective laser melting equipment generally comprises an air pumping mechanism, an air blowing mechanism and a smoke dust purifying host which is connected with the air pumping mechanism and the air blowing mechanism and contains a circulating fan and a filter medium. Wherein the air suction mechanism and the air blowing mechanism are generally fixed at both sides of the cylindrical or square cylindrical forming cylinder as shown in fig. 1a and 1 b. When a large-size annular or frame-shaped metal piece is formed, the breadth of a forming cylinder is large, so that the distance between an air suction opening of an air suction mechanism and an air blowing opening of an air blowing mechanism is long, and stable and uniform circulating air flow is difficult to generate above a metal powder layer. If the average flow speed of the circulating airflow is too low, all smoke dust cannot be eliminated completely, and cases of product quality deterioration and forming failure caused by the smoke dust are frequent; if the average flow velocity of the circulating gas stream is too high, it may carry away some of the metal powder on the surface of the powder bed, which not only results in additional loss of raw material, but also affects the flatness of the powder layer, resulting in a reduction in the quality of the formed powder.

In conclusion, the selective laser melting forming equipment with small redundant powder consumption, good smoke dust purification effect and high forming efficiency is developed for large-size annular and frame-shaped metal pieces, and has important significance.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The more than not enough or the improvement demand to prior art, the utility model provides a selective melting forming device of laser suitable for jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork, its aim at is showing the redundant powder quantity when reducing selective melting forming metalwork of laser to improve smoke and dust purifying effect, promote the forming efficiency by a wide margin, thereby realize the high efficiency, low cost, the high quality vibration material disk of jumbo size annular/frame shape complicated metal component.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a laser selective melting forming device of jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork, it includes forming cylinder, base plate, shakes mirror array and dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder is annular/frame-shaped and is adapted to the inner and outer contours of a large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece to be formed, and the substrate is also annular/frame-shaped and is arranged inside the forming cylinder;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the forming cylinder and comprises a plurality of galvanometer systems, and the sum of scanning areas corresponding to the plurality of galvanometer systems covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder or the sum of the scanning areas covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder through the movement of the plurality of galvanometer systems, so that the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece is realized;

the dust removal module is positioned between the forming cylinder and the vibrating mirror array and is used for forming a circulating airflow field which is distributed along the outer circle of the horizontal section of the large-size annular metal piece or the horizontal section of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece in the radial direction or the frame normal direction, or a plurality of sections of circulating airflow fields which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece or the frame circumferential direction of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece, so that the smoke and dust are removed.

Preferably, the dust removal module is a group and comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is adapted to the outer contour circumcircle of the annular forming cylinder/the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air exhaust mechanism is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air exhaust ports which are annularly arranged, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the inner tangent circle of the inner contour of the annular forming cylinder/the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air blowing mechanism is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is positioned on the inner side of the air exhaust mechanism, the air blowing ports corresponding to the air exhaust ports are arranged on the air exhaust mechanism, and a circulating airflow field which is radially distributed along the circumcircle of the horizontal section of the large-size annular metal piece/the large-size;

or the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is matched with the inner tangent circle of the inner contour of the annular forming cylinder/the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air exhaust mechanism is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air exhaust ports which are arranged in an annular shape, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the outer circumcircle of the outer contour of the annular forming cylinder/the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air blowing mechanism is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is positioned on the outer side of the air exhaust mechanism, the air blowing ports corresponding to the air exhaust ports are arranged on the air exhaust mechanism, and a circulating airflow field which is radially distributed along the circumcircle of the horizontal section of the large-size annular metal.

Preferably, when the forming object is a large-size frame-shaped metal piece, the dust removal module is a group and comprises an air pumping mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the shape of the air pumping mechanism is adapted to the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air pumping mechanism is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air pumping ports parallel to the frame of the frame-shaped metal piece, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air blowing mechanism is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is positioned inside the air pumping mechanism, the air blowing ports corresponding to the air pumping ports are formed in the air blowing mechanism, and a circulating airflow field distributed along the normal direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece is formed;

or the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is matched with the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air exhaust mechanism is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air exhaust ports parallel to the metal piece frame, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, the air blowing mechanism is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is positioned outside the air exhaust mechanism, the air blowing ports corresponding to the air exhaust ports are formed in the air exhaust mechanism, and the circulating air flow field distributed along the normal direction of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece frame is formed by matching the air exhaust ports with the corresponding air.

Preferably, the dust removal modules are arranged in multiple groups, the number of the dust removal modules is consistent with that of the galvanometer systems, and each group of dust removal modules is located below the corresponding galvanometer system and moves synchronously with the galvanometer system.

Preferably, the dust removal module comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism which are respectively arranged at two sides of the galvanometer system, wherein a plurality of air exhaust ports are formed in the air exhaust mechanism, air blowing ports corresponding to the air exhaust ports are formed in the air blowing mechanism, and a circulating airflow field which is distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal part or the circumferential direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal part is formed by matching the air exhaust ports with the corresponding air blowing ports.

More preferably, the distance between the inner side surface of the outer wall of the forming cylinder and the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer is 0.1mm-150mm, and preferably 1mm-20 mm; the distance between the outer side surface of the inner wall of the forming cylinder and the inner contour of the metal deposition layer is 0.1mm-150mm, and preferably 1mm-20 mm.

Further preferably, the power and the spot diameter of the laser beam output by each galvanometer system are respectively controlled to be 500W-10kW and 0.1mm-10 mm;

preferably, the galvanometer system is a biaxial scanning galvanometer system or a dynamic focusing scanning galvanometer system.

Further preferably, the average flow velocity of the air flow field formed between the suction opening and the corresponding blowoff opening is 0.5m/s to 5m/s, preferably 1m/s to 3 m/s.

Further preferably, the distance between the dust removal module and the upper surface of the forming cylinder is 1mm-300mm, preferably 5mm-100 mm; the distance between the air outlet of the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing port of the corresponding air blowing mechanism is 5mm-500mm, and preferably 200mm-400 mm.

More preferably, the molding apparatus further includes a table, and the molding cylinder is fitted in the table.

Generally, through the utility model above technical scheme who thinks compares with prior art, mainly possesses following technical advantage:

1. the utility model designs the annular/frame-shaped forming cylinder and the annular/frame-shaped substrate which are matched with the shape of the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece, so that the metal piece deposition layer occupies the area surrounded by the forming cylinder and the substrate as much as possible in the selective laser melting process, thereby greatly reducing the redundant powder filling amount and obviously reducing the powder raw material cost;

2. for large-size annular metal pieces, the utility model arranges a circulating airflow field distributed along the radial direction of the metal piece or a plurality of sections of circulating airflow fields distributed along the circumferential direction of the metal piece above the forming cylinder; for large-size frame-shaped metal pieces, the utility model arranges a circulating air flow field which is radially distributed along the external circle of the horizontal section of the metal piece, or a circulating air flow field which is distributed along the normal direction of the frame of the metal piece, or a plurality of sections of circulating air flow fields which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the frame of the metal piece above the forming cylinder; the measures obviously shorten the actual distance between the air blowing port and the air suction port of the dust removal module and ensure the stability and uniformity of the circulating airflow field, thereby realizing the high-efficiency removal of smoke dust and the high-quality formation of metal pieces;

3. the utility model discloses still study and design the concrete structure and the arrangement mode of dust removal module, the research has obtained three kinds of dust removal modular structure to form along the circulation air flow field of the radial/external circle radial/frame normal direction distribution of jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork and along the circulation air flow field of jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork circumference/frame circumference distribution.

4. The utility model discloses still study and design the distance parameter of taking shape jar inside and outside wall and jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork deposit in situ, outline, obtained preferred parameter, when reducing redundant powder filling volume by a wide margin, avoid taking shape jar lateral wall and metalwork deposit layer profile to produce the position and interfere, guarantee to take shape jar motion accuracy and metalwork shaping precision.

5. The utility model discloses still to the distance between dust removal module and the shaping jar upper surface, extraction opening and the important parameter such as the velocity of flow that corresponds the distance between the mouth of blowing, the produced circulation air current of dust removal module, studied and designed, obtained preferred parameter, guarantee to eliminate the smoke and dust totally effectively to can not take away metal powder together, further guarantee the shaping quality.

6. The utility model provides a laser election district melting device, it is the same with current laser election district melting equipment in aspects such as control system, software algorithm, realizes that the degree of difficulty is little, easily promotes.

Drawings

FIGS. 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of a process for forming large-sized annular and frame-shaped metal parts by using a conventional selective laser melting apparatus;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size annular metal part according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relative distances between some key structures of the selective laser melting and forming device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention and their relative distances from the deposited layer of the metal part;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size annular metal part according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size annular metal part according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size regular hexagonal frame-shaped metal piece according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece according to embodiment 7 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a selective laser melting and forming device for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece according to embodiment 8 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical large-sized annular metal part, wherein a is a radial direction (from inside to outside or from outside to inside) and b is a circumferential direction (clockwise or counterclockwise);

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical large-sized frame-shaped metal component, where c is a normal direction of the frame (i.e., a vertical direction of the frame, from inside to outside or from outside to inside), and d is a circumferential direction of the frame (clockwise or counterclockwise).

The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:

1-a workbench, 2-a forming cylinder, 21-an outer wall of the forming cylinder, 22-an inner wall of the forming cylinder, 3-a substrate, 4-a galvanometer system, 5-a laser beam, 6-an air exhaust port, 7-an air blow port, 8-a circulating airflow field and 9-a metal part deposition layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

The utility model discloses select to melt to equip to present laser and be used for taking shape jumbo size annular and frame shape metalwork (generally indicate the external diameter to be not less than 250mm, the wall thickness is not more than 30 mm's annular metalwork, frame maximum length is not less than 250mm, the wall thickness is not more than 30 mm's frame shape metalwork) the time have this specific problem of a large amount of redundant metal powder (present former can't be applicable to the taking shape of jumbo size annular and frame shape metalwork promptly), special research and design have been carried out, it is applicable little with the redundant powder quantity of frame shape metalwork in jumbo size annular to obtain one kind in the research, smoke and dust purifying effect is good, the laser of shaping efficiency is selected.

The research and design includes two parts, one is to research and design the basic structure of the forming device suitable for the specific objects (namely the large-size annular metal piece and the large-size frame-shaped metal piece) of the utility model, and the other is to solve the problems in the actual forming process. As for the first part, the present invention starts with the specific structure of the forming cylinder and the specific arrangement of the galvanometer system, the forming cylinder 2 is designed to be annular or frame-shaped, and the forming cylinder 2 is adapted to the inner and outer contours of the large-size annular or frame-shaped metal member to be formed, specifically, the forming cylinder 2 includes a forming cylinder outer wall 21 and a forming cylinder inner wall 22 which are coaxially disposed, the forming cylinder outer wall 21 is located at the outer side of the outer contour of the large-size annular or frame-shaped metal member deposition layer, the forming cylinder inner wall 22 is located at the inner side of the inner contour of the large-size annular or frame-shaped metal member deposition layer, the annular or frame-shaped substrate 3 is arranged inside the forming cylinder 2, the substrate 3 serves as a bottom plate for metal deposition, the metal powder to be deposited is deposited on the substrate, and the deposition layer can move up and down through the.

The galvanometer array is arranged above the forming cylinder 2, and when the metal piece and the forming cylinder are both annular, the galvanometer array comprises N (N is more than or equal to 2, preferably N is more than or equal to 4) galvanometer systems 4 which are uniformly distributed in an annular shape, and specifically, the galvanometer systems can be biaxial scanning galvanometer systems or dynamic focusing scanning galvanometer systems. The sum of the scanning areas corresponding to the plurality of galvanometer systems 4 covers the whole upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, and the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular metal piece is realized by the simultaneous operation of the plurality of galvanometer systems 4, for example, as shown in fig. 2, the galvanometer array comprises eight galvanometer systems 4, the scanning area of each galvanometer system 4 is one eighth (namely one eighth of a circular ring) of the upper surface of the forming cylinder, the sum of the scanning areas of the eight galvanometer systems just covers the whole upper surface of the forming cylinder, and the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular metal piece is realized by the simultaneous operation of the eight galvanometer systems. Or the sum of the scanning areas of the galvanometer systems can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder through the annular movement of the galvanometer systems, so that the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular metal piece is realized. For example, as shown in fig. 5, the galvanometer array comprises four galvanometer systems 4, the scanning area of each galvanometer system 4 is one eighth of the upper surface of the forming cylinder (namely, one eighth of a ring), the sum of the scanning areas of the four galvanometer systems 4 is one half of the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and the upper surface of the forming cylinder (namely, one eighth of a ring) is moved by the two galvanometer systems 4 along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece, so that the sum of the scanning areas of the four galvanometer systems 4 covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2.

When the metal piece and the forming cylinder are both in a frame shape, the galvanometer array comprises N (N is more than or equal to 2, preferably N is more than or equal to 4) galvanometer systems 4 which are arranged above the frame of the metal piece, the sum of scanning areas corresponding to the plurality of galvanometer systems 4 covers the whole upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, and the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular metal piece is realized by the simultaneous operation of the plurality of galvanometer systems 4, for example, when the metal piece and the forming cylinder are both square frames, as shown in fig. 6, the galvanometer array comprises four galvanometer systems 4, the scanning area of each galvanometer system 4 is one fourth of the upper surface of the forming cylinder (namely one frame), the sum of the scanning areas of the four galvanometer systems just covers the whole upper surface of the forming cylinder, and the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the metal piece is realized by the simultaneous. Or a plurality of galvanometer systems move along the circumferential direction of the frame, so that the sum of the scanning areas can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the metal piece is realized. For example, as shown in fig. 10, the galvanometer array comprises four galvanometer systems 4, the scanning area of each galvanometer system 4 is one eighth of the upper surface of the forming cylinder (namely, a half frame), and the one eighth of the upper surface of the forming cylinder (namely, the half frame) is moved by the four galvanometer systems 4 along the frame circumference of the metal piece, so that the sum of the scanning areas of the four galvanometer systems 4 covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2.

The utility model discloses well every mirror system 4 that shakes all can external power be 500W ~ 1 kW's medium power laser instrument, even 1kW-10 kW's high power laser instrument, and the facula diameter control of every bundle of laser beam 5 of output is in 0.1mm-10mm within range, can show and promote the shaping efficiency, establishes the basis for the mass industrial production of all kinds of jumbo size annular and frame shape metalwork.

For the second part, during the selective laser melting and forming process, the interaction between the laser beam and the metal powder forms a lot of smoke dust, which mainly consists of splashed molten drops, powder and burnt metal particles, and if the smoke dust is not removed in time, the smoke dust will be deposited on the surface of the metal powder bed, part deposition layer or equipment cavity, and the stability of the subsequent forming process is affected Ensure the effective technological problem who gets rid of smoke and dust under the frame shape jar condition, consequently current dust pelletizing system can't use the utility model discloses in, the utility model discloses need carry out redesign in order to obtain applicable dust removal module in jumbo size annular and frame shape metalwork.

Specifically, when the metal piece and the forming cylinder are annular, as shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the dust removal module is located between the forming cylinder 2 and the galvanometer array, and is used for forming a circulating airflow field distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal piece or a plurality of sections of movable circulating airflow fields distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece, so as to remove the smoke dust.

When the sum of the scanning areas corresponding to the plurality of galvanometer systems 4 covers the whole upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, the plurality of galvanometer systems 4 can realize laser scanning forming of a layer of metal powder layer by simultaneously working once, the galvanometer systems 4 do not need to move, the galvanometer systems 4 can be fixed, and correspondingly designed dust removal modules also do not need to move, based on the design of the utility model, as shown in figures 2 and 3, a set of dust removal modules is designed, which comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is matched with the outline of the forming cylinder (is annular), the air exhaust mechanism is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air exhaust ports 6 which are arranged annularly, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the inner outline of the forming cylinder (is annular), the air blowing mechanism is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is positioned at the inner side of the air exhaust mechanism, and is provided, and a circulating airflow field 8 which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal piece from inside to outside is formed above the forming cylinder through the mutual matching of the air pumping hole 6 and the corresponding air blowing hole 7. The air exhaust mechanism is sleeved outside the air blowing mechanism, a gap ring is arranged between the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism, the ring is used as a forming space of a circulating airflow field 8, a smoke dust purification main machine with a circulating fan and a filter medium arranged outside provides airflow circulating power for the air blowing mechanism, and filters and clears away smoke dust carried in circulating airflow, specifically, clean airflow filtered by the smoke dust purification main machine is sprayed out through an air blowing opening 7, smoke dust formed above the forming cylinder is sent into the smoke dust purification main machine through an air exhaust opening 6, and smoke dust removal and airflow circulation are achieved. Or, as shown in fig. 4, a set of dust removal module is designed, which includes an air pumping mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the air pumping mechanism has an outer shape (annular shape) corresponding to the inner contour of the forming cylinder, is located above the inner side of the forming cylinder, and is provided with a plurality of air pumping ports 6 arranged annularly thereon, the air blowing mechanism has an outer shape (annular shape) corresponding to the outer contour of the forming cylinder, is located above the outer side of the forming cylinder, and is located outside the air pumping mechanism, and is provided with air blowing ports 7 corresponding to the air pumping ports 6, and a circulating airflow field 8 uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal part and from outside to inside is formed above the forming cylinder by the mutual matching of the air pumping ports 6 and the corresponding air blowing. The blowing mechanism is sleeved outside the air extracting mechanism, a gap ring is arranged between the blowing mechanism and the air extracting mechanism, the ring is used as a forming space of a circulating airflow field 8, a smoke dust purification main machine with a circulating fan and a filter medium arranged outside provides airflow circulating power for the blowing mechanism, and filters and removes smoke dust carried in circulating airflow, specifically, clean airflow filtered by the smoke dust purification main machine is sprayed out through an air blowing opening 7, the smoke dust formed above the forming cylinder is sent into the smoke dust purification main machine through an air extracting opening 6, and smoke dust removal and airflow circulation are achieved.

When the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 is covered by the scanning area sum through the movement of the vibration mirror systems 4, at the moment, the vibration mirror systems 4 need to perform multiple operations to complete the laser scanning forming of the metal powder layer, the vibration mirror systems 4 need to move along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece, and in order to ensure the dust removal effect and the dust removal efficiency, the corresponding dust removal modules are designed to follow the vibration mirror systems, therefore, the following design is made, as shown in fig. 5, the dust removal modules are designed to have multiple groups, the number of the dust removal modules is consistent with the number of the vibration mirror systems 4, namely N groups (N is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 4 preferably), and each group of the dust removal modules is all located below the corresponding vibration mirror system 4 and can move synchronously along with the vibration mirror systems 4. Specifically, the dust removal module comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism which are respectively arranged below two sides of the galvanometer system 4, wherein an air exhaust opening 6 is formed in the air exhaust mechanism, an air blowing opening 7 corresponding to the air exhaust opening 6 is formed in the air blowing mechanism, N groups of air exhaust mechanisms are matched with the air blowing mechanism, N sections of circulating airflow fields 8 distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece are formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the N groups of air exhaust mechanisms and the air blowing mechanism synchronously move to cover the surface of the whole forming cylinder 2.

When the metal piece and the forming cylinder are in a frame shape, as shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, the dust removal module is positioned between the forming cylinder 2 and the galvanometer array and is used for forming a circulating airflow field distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece (namely the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder or the inscribed circle of the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder), or a circulating airflow field distributed along the normal direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece, or a plurality of sections of movable circulating airflow fields distributed along the circumferential direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal.

When the sum of the scanning areas corresponding to the plurality of galvanometer systems 4 covers the whole upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, the plurality of galvanometer systems 4 can realize laser scanning forming of a layer of metal powder layer by simultaneously working once, the galvanometer systems 4 do not need to move, the galvanometer systems 4 can be fixed, and the correspondingly designed dust removal module also does not need to move, based on the design of the utility model, as shown in figure 6, the dust removal module is designed into a group and comprises an air pumping mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein, the shape of the air pumping mechanism is adapted to the external circle of the outline of the forming cylinder (being annular), the air pumping mechanism is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air pumping ports 6 which are arranged annularly, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the internal circle of the outline of the forming cylinder (being annular), the air blowing mechanism is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is positioned at the inner side of the air pumping, and a circulating airflow field 8 which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece and is from inside to outside is formed above the forming cylinder through the mutual matching of the air pumping hole 6 and the corresponding air blowing hole 7. The air exhaust mechanism is sleeved outside the air blowing mechanism, a gap ring is arranged between the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism, the ring is used as a forming space of a circulating airflow field 8, a smoke dust purification main machine containing a circulating fan and a filter medium provides airflow circulating power for the air blowing mechanism and filters and removes smoke dust carried in circulating airflow, specifically, clean airflow filtered by the smoke dust purification main machine is sprayed out through an air blowing opening 7, the smoke dust formed above the forming cylinder is sent into the smoke dust purification main machine through an air exhaust opening 6, and smoke dust removal and airflow circulation are achieved.

Or, as shown in fig. 7, the dust removing module is designed to have a group, which includes an air extracting mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the shape of the air extracting mechanism is adapted to the inscribed circle (annular) of the inner contour of the forming cylinder, the air extracting mechanism is located above the inner side of the forming cylinder, and is provided with a plurality of air extracting ports 6 arranged annularly thereon, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the circumscribed circle (annular) of the outer contour of the forming cylinder, the air blowing mechanism is located above the outer side of the forming cylinder, and is located outside the air extracting mechanism, and is provided with air blowing ports 7 corresponding to the air extracting ports 6, and circulating airflow fields 8 which are uniformly distributed along the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece in the radial direction and from outside to inside are formed above the. The blowing mechanism is sleeved outside the air extracting mechanism, a gap ring is arranged between the blowing mechanism and the air extracting mechanism, the ring is used as a forming space of a circulating airflow field 8, a smoke dust purification main machine containing a circulating fan and a filter medium provides airflow circulating power for the air extracting mechanism and filters and removes smoke dust carried in circulating airflow, specifically, clean airflow filtered by the smoke dust purification main machine is sprayed out through an air blowing opening 7, the smoke dust formed above the forming cylinder is sent into the smoke dust purification main machine through an air extracting opening 6, and smoke dust removal and airflow circulation are achieved.

Or, as shown in fig. 8, the dust removal module is designed with a group, which includes an air pumping mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the air pumping mechanism has a shape adapted to the outer contour of the forming cylinder (frame shape), is located above the outer side of the forming cylinder, and is provided with a plurality of air pumping ports 6 parallel to the metal piece frame, the air blowing mechanism has a shape adapted to the inner contour of the forming cylinder (frame shape), is located above the inner side of the forming cylinder, and is located inside the air pumping mechanism, and is provided with air blowing ports 7 corresponding to the air pumping ports 6, and a circulating airflow field 8 distributed in the normal direction of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece frame and from inside to outside is formed above the forming cylinder through the mutual matching of the air pumping ports 6 and the corresponding air blowing. The air exhaust mechanism is sleeved outside the air blowing mechanism, a gap frame is arranged between the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism, the frame is used as a forming space of a circulating airflow field 8, a smoke dust purification host machine containing a circulating fan and a filter medium provides airflow circulating power for the air blowing mechanism and filters and removes smoke dust carried in circulating airflow, specifically, clean airflow filtered by the smoke dust purification host machine is sprayed out through an air blowing opening 7, the smoke dust formed above the forming cylinder is sent into the smoke dust purification host machine through an air exhaust opening 6, and smoke dust removal and airflow circulation are achieved.

Or, as shown in fig. 9, the dust removal module is designed with a group, which includes an air pumping mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the air pumping mechanism has a shape adapted to the inner contour of the forming cylinder (frame shape), is located above the inner side of the forming cylinder, and is provided with a plurality of air pumping ports 6 parallel to the metal piece frame, the air blowing mechanism has a shape adapted to the outer contour of the forming cylinder (frame shape), is located above the outer side of the forming cylinder, and is located outside the air pumping mechanism, and is provided with air blowing ports 7 corresponding to the air pumping ports 6, and a circulating airflow field 8 distributed along the normal direction of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece frame and from outside to inside is formed above the forming cylinder through the mutual matching of the air pumping ports 6 and the corresponding air blowing. The blowing mechanism is sleeved outside the air extracting mechanism, a gap frame is arranged between the blowing mechanism and the air extracting mechanism, the frame is used as a forming space of a circulating airflow field 8, a smoke dust purifying host machine containing a circulating fan and a filter medium provides airflow circulating power for the air extracting mechanism and filters and removes smoke dust carried in circulating airflow, specifically, clean airflow filtered by the smoke dust purifying host machine is sprayed out through an air blowing opening 7, the smoke dust formed above the forming cylinder is sent into the smoke dust purifying host machine through an air extracting opening 6, and smoke dust removal and airflow circulation are achieved.

When the scanning area sum just covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 through the movement of the plurality of mirror vibration systems 4, at this moment, the laser scanning forming of one metal powder layer can be completed only by carrying out a plurality of times of work on the plurality of mirror vibration systems 4, the mirror vibration systems 4 need to move along the frame circumference of a large-size frame-shaped metal piece, and in order to guarantee the dust removal effect and the dust removal efficiency, the corresponding dust removal module of design should follow up with the mirror vibration system, based on this the utility model discloses make following design, as shown in fig. 10, the dust removal module design has a plurality of groups, the number of dust removal modules is consistent with the number of the mirror vibration systems 4, is N groups (N is more than or equal to 2, preferably N is more than or equal to 4), and each group of dust removal module all is located the corresponding below of mirror vibration system 4. Specifically, the dust removal module comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism which are respectively arranged below two sides of the galvanometer system 4, wherein an air exhaust opening 6 is formed in the air exhaust mechanism, an air blowing opening 7 corresponding to the air exhaust opening 6 is formed in the air blowing mechanism, N groups of air exhaust openings 6 are matched with the corresponding air blowing openings 7, N sections of circulating airflow fields 8 distributed along the circumferential direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece are formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the surface of the whole forming cylinder 2 is covered by the synchronous movement of the N galvanometer systems.

Because the smoke and dust is formed by the interact of laser beam and metal powder, the smoke and dust of production mainly concentrates on the top of taking shape the jar, and therefore the position that sets up of dust removal module is crucial, has directly decided the good or bad of dust removal effect to air exhaust mechanism and air blowing mechanism distance between the two is the key of guaranteeing whether can produce stable even air current above the metal powder layer, consequently the utility model discloses distance and extraction opening and the corresponding air blowing opening between the distance between the upper surface of dust removal module and shaping jar two key parameters have been studied and designed, and is concrete, as shown in fig. 3, the distance H between dust removal module (specifically the lower surface of dust removal module) and the shaping jar upper surface₁Designed to be 1mm-300mm, preferably 5mm-100mm, and the distance H between the air pumping hole and the corresponding air blowing hole₂Design ofIs 5mm-500mm, preferably 200mm-400 mm. In order to further ensure the dust removal effect, the utility model discloses still carry out research and design to the technique of bleeding, blowing of dust removal module, the average velocity of flow design of the air current field that forms between specific extraction opening and the corresponding gas blowing opening is 0.5m/s-5m/s, and the preferred value is 1m/s-3 m/s. Under the structural characteristics and the process, the stability and the uniformity of the circulating airflow can be ensured, the smoke dust is effectively eliminated, the metal powder cannot be taken away together, and the forming quality is ensured.

In order to guarantee the quality of taking shape of metalwork and furthest reduces the powder filling volume, the utility model discloses to taking shape the parameter between jar and sedimentary deposit profile and carried out research and design, take shape the jar outer wall and be located the outside of jumbo size annular or frame shape metalwork sedimentary deposit outline when specific laser selective melting takes shape, take shape the medial surface of jar outer wall and the distance S of jumbo size annular or frame shape metalwork sedimentary deposit outline₁Is 0.1mm-150mm, preferably 1mm-20 mm; the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned at the inner side of the inner contour of the large-size annular or frame-shaped metal piece deposition layer, the outer side surface of the inner wall of the forming cylinder and the inner contour S of the large-size annular or frame-shaped metal piece deposition layer₂The distance of the forming cylinder is 0.1mm-150mm, preferably 1mm-20mm, under the parameters, the effective forming of the metal piece can be ensured, the surface quality is higher, and the lifting precision of the forming cylinder is not influenced. In addition, the forming device also comprises a workbench 1, a forming cylinder 2 is embedded in the workbench 1, and the specific forming cylinder 2 is arranged at the center of the workbench 1.

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting forming apparatus for a large-size annular metal piece with an outer diameter of 1000mm and a wall thickness of 15mm, which includes a worktable 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder 2 and the base plate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are annular in shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size annular metal piece; when the selective laser melting is formed, the outer wall of the forming cylinder is positioned outside the deposition layer of the large-size annular metal pieceThe outer side of the profile is away from the profile of the deposited layer of the large-size annular metal piece by the distance S₁The inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned at the inner side of the inner contour of the large-size annular metal member deposition layer and is at a distance S from the inner contour of the large-size annular metal member deposition layer₂Is 10 mm;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 8 galvanometer systems 4 fixedly arranged in an annular shape, wherein the sum of scanning areas corresponding to all the galvanometer systems 4 can just cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder and is used for realizing multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of large-size annular metal pieces; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a medium-power laser with the power of 1kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam 5 output to the workbench is controlled to be 0.15 mm;

the blowing mechanism and the air exhaust mechanism in the dust removal module are respectively positioned above the inner side and the outer side of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance H between the blowing mechanism and the air exhaust mechanism and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2₁Controlling the thickness to be 50 mm; the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the inner contour of the forming cylinder 2, the shape of the air pumping mechanism is matched with the outer contour of the forming cylinder 2, the air pumping opening 7 and the air blowing opening 6 are matched with each other, a circulating airflow field 8 which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal piece and from inside to outside is formed above the forming cylinder 2, the projection of the circulating airflow field 8 on the upper surface (namely the workbench 1) of the forming cylinder 2 can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance H between the air pumping opening 7 and the corresponding air blowing opening 6₂Control is 200 mm.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size annular metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting a dust removal module, and forming a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal piece from inside to outside above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow speed of the circulating airflow is set to be 2 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to coincide with the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.06mm on the surface of the base plate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 8 vibrating mirror systems which are fixedly arranged in an annular mode carry out multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a first deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1kW, the scanning speed is 1500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.1mm, and the spot diameter is 0.15 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.06mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: 8 vibrating mirror systems which are fixedly arranged in an annular shape perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a next deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1kW, the scanning speed is 1500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.1mm, and the spot diameter is 0.15 mm;

and 6, step 6: and repeating the steps 4-5 until the selective laser melting and forming of the whole large-size annular metal piece is completed.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size annular metal part with an outer diameter of 5000mm and a wall thickness of 10mm, which includes a worktable 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder 2 and the base plate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are annular in shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size annular metal piece; when the selective laser melting is formed, the outer wall of the forming cylinder is positioned outside the outline of the large-size annular metal part deposition layer and is away from the outline of the large-size annular metal part deposition layer by the distance S₁10mm, the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned at the inner side of the inner contour of the large-size annular metal member deposition layer and is away from the inner contour of the large-size annular metal member deposition layer by a distance S₂Is 15 mm;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 32 galvanometer systems 4 fixedly arranged in an annular shape, wherein the sum of scanning areas corresponding to all the galvanometer systems 4 can just cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder and is used for realizing multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of large-size annular metal pieces; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a high-power laser with the power of 3kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam 5 output to the workbench is controlled to be 0.5mm (the laser beam 5 is not marked to ensure the readability of the graph 4);

the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism in the dust removal module are respectively positioned above the inner side and the outer side of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance H between the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2₁Controlling the thickness to be 80 mm; the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is matched with the inner contour of the forming cylinder 2, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the outer contour of the forming cylinder 2, the air exhaust opening 7 and the air blowing opening 6 are matched with each other, a circulating airflow field 8 which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal piece and is from outside to inside is formed above the forming cylinder 2, the projection of the circulating airflow field 8 on the upper surface (namely the workbench 1) of the forming cylinder 2 can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance H between the air exhaust opening 7 and the corresponding air blowing opening 6₂Control is 300 mm.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size annular metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting the dust removal module, and forming a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the large-size annular metal piece from outside to inside above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow speed of the circulating airflow is set to be 2.4 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to coincide with the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.2mm on the surface of the base plate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 32 vibrating mirror systems which are fixedly arranged in an annular shape perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a first deposition layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.5 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.2mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: the 32 vibrating mirror systems which are fixedly arranged in an annular shape perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a next deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.5 mm;

Example 3

As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size annular metal part with an outer diameter of 500mm and a wall thickness of 14mm, which includes a worktable 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein;

the forming cylinder 2 and the base plate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are annular in shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size annular metal piece; when selective laser melting forming is carried out, the outer wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the outer side of the outer contour of the large-size annular metal piece deposition layer, the distance from the outer contour of the large-size annular metal piece deposition layer is 3mm, the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the inner contour of the large-size annular metal piece deposition layer, and the distance from the inner contour of the large-size annular metal piece deposition layer is 4.5 mm;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 4 galvanometer systems 4 which are annularly arranged, wherein the galvanometer systems 4 need to move along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece to realize the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular metal piece; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a high-power laser with the power of 10kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam output to the workbench is controlled to be 8 mm;

the dust removal module comprises 4 groups of air exhaust mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms, wherein each group of air exhaust mechanism and air blowing mechanism is positioned below the corresponding galvanometer system 4 and 60mm away from the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, and moves synchronously with the galvanometer system 4; the distance between the air pumping hole 7 and the corresponding air blowing hole 6 is controlled to be 300 mm; 4 groups of air exhaust mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms are matched with each other, 4 sections of circulating airflow fields 8 are formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the upper surface of the whole forming cylinder 2 is covered by the synchronous movement of the 4 galvanometer systems 4.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size annular metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting the dust removal module, and forming 4 sections of circulating airflow fields uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow speed of the circulating airflow is set to be 2.8 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to coincide with the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.3mm on the surface of the base plate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 4 vibrating mirror systems which are annularly arranged carry out multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting on the metal powder layer covered by the current scanning breadth according to a preset scanning path, and the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 10kW, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 5mm, and the spot diameter is 8 mm; after the scanning of the coverage range of the current scanning breadth is finished, 4 vibrating mirror systems which are arranged in an annular mode and 4 groups of corresponding air suction mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms move along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece, and multi-laser-beam synchronous selective area melting is continuously carried out on the rest metal powder layers until the formation of a first layer deposition layer of the metal piece is finished; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 10kW, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 5mm, and the spot diameter is 8 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.3mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: the 4 vibrating mirror systems which are annularly arranged carry out multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting on the metal powder layer covered by the current scanning breadth according to a preset scanning path, and the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 10kW, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 5mm, and the spot diameter is 8 mm; after the scanning of the coverage range of the current scanning breadth is finished, 4 vibrating mirror systems which are arranged in an annular mode and 4 groups of corresponding air suction mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms move along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal piece, and multi-laser-beam synchronous selective area melting is continuously carried out on the rest metal powder layer until the formation of the next layer of deposited layer of the metal piece is finished; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 10kW, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 5mm, and the spot diameter is 8 mm;

Example 4

As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece with a frame length of 250mm and a wall thickness of 8mm, including a workbench 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder 2 and the substrate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are in a square frame shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; when selective laser melting forming is carried out, the outer wall of a forming cylinder is positioned on the outer side of the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer, the distance between the outer wall and the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer is 13mm, the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer, and the distance between the inner wall and the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer is 16 mm;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 4 galvanometer systems 4 which are uniformly and fixedly arranged along a square frame, wherein the sum of scanning areas corresponding to all the galvanometer systems 4 can just cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder and is used for realizing multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a medium-power laser with the power of 1kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam 5 output to the workbench is controlled to be 0.2 mm;

the air blowing mechanism and the air pumping mechanism in the dust removal module are respectively positioned above the inner side and the outer side of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance between the air blowing mechanism and the air pumping mechanism and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 is controlled to be 40 mm; the shape of the blowing mechanism is adapted to the inner contour of the forming cylinder 2, the shape of the air extracting mechanism is adapted to the outer contour of the forming cylinder 2, the air extracting opening 7 is matched with the corresponding air blowing opening 6, a circulating airflow field 8 which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece is formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the circulating airflow field 8 can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 by the projection of the circulating airflow field 8 on the upper surface (namely the workbench 1) of the forming cylinder 2; the distance between the air pumping opening 7 and the corresponding air blowing opening 6 is controlled to be 280 mm.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size square frame-shaped metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting a dust removal module, and forming a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece from inside to outside above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow velocity of the circulating airflow is set to be 1.5 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to be superposed with the upper surface of the forming cylinder; paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.04mm on the surface of the substrate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 4 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a first deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1kW, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.06mm, and the spot diameter is 0.2 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.04mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: the 4 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a next deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1kW, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.06mm, and the spot diameter is 0.2 mm;

and 6, step 6: and (5) repeating the steps (4) and (5) until the selective laser melting and forming of the whole large-size square frame-shaped metal piece is completed.

Example 5

As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size regular hexagonal frame-shaped metal piece with a frame length of 400mm and a wall thickness of 10mm, including a workbench 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder 2 and the substrate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are in regular hexagon frame shapes and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size regular hexagon frame-shaped metal piece; when the selective laser melting forming is carried out, the outer wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the outer side of the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer, the distance between the outer wall of the forming cylinder and the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer is 8mm, the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer, and the distance between the inner wall of the forming cylinder and the inner contour of the metal;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 6 galvanometer systems 4 which are uniformly and fixedly arranged along the regular hexagonal frame, wherein the sum of scanning areas corresponding to all the galvanometer systems 4 can just cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder and is used for realizing multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size regular hexagonal frame-shaped metal piece; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a high-power laser with 5kW of power, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam 5 output to the workbench is controlled to be 0.8 mm;

the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism in the dust removal module are respectively positioned above the inner side and the outer side of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance between the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 is controlled to be 85 mm; the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is matched with the inner contour of the forming cylinder 2, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the outer contour of the forming cylinder 2, the air exhaust opening 7 is matched with the corresponding air blowing opening 6, a circulating airflow field 8 which is uniformly distributed along the external circle of the horizontal section of the large-size regular hexagonal frame-shaped metal piece in the radial direction and is from outside to inside is formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the projection of the circulating airflow field 8 on the upper surface (namely the workbench 1) of the forming cylinder 2 can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2; the distance between the air pumping hole 7 and the corresponding air blowing hole 6 is controlled to be 360 mm.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size regular hexagonal frame-shaped metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting a dust removal module, and forming a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece from outside to inside above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow velocity of the circulating airflow is set to be 2.5 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to be superposed with the upper surface of the forming cylinder; paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.25mm on the surface of the substrate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 6 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a first deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5kW, the scanning speed is 2500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.15mm, and the spot diameter is 0.8 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.25mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: the 6 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a next deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5kW, the scanning speed is 2500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.15mm, and the spot diameter is 0.8 mm;

and 6, step 6: and repeating the steps 4-5 until the selective laser melting and forming of the whole large-size regular hexagonal frame-shaped metal piece is completed.

Example 6

As shown in fig. 8, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece with a frame length of 400mm and a wall thickness of 20mm, including a workbench 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder 2 and the substrate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are in a square frame shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; when selective laser melting forming is carried out, the outer wall of a forming cylinder is positioned on the outer side of the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer, the distance between the outer wall of the forming cylinder and the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer is 5mm, and the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer, and the distance between the inner wall of the forming cylinder and the inner contour of the metal;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 4 galvanometer systems 4 which are uniformly and fixedly arranged along a square frame, wherein the sum of scanning areas corresponding to all the galvanometer systems 4 can just cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder and is used for realizing multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a high-power laser with the power of 3.5kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam 5 output to the workbench is controlled to be 0.4 mm;

the air blowing mechanism and the air pumping mechanism in the dust removal module are respectively positioned above the inner side and the outer side of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance between the air blowing mechanism and the air pumping mechanism and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 is controlled to be 75 mm; the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is adapted to the outer contour of the forming cylinder 2, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the inner contour of the forming cylinder 2, the air exhaust opening 7 is matched with the corresponding air blowing opening 6, a circulating airflow field 8 which is distributed along the frame normal direction of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece from inside to outside is formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the projection of the circulating airflow field 8 on the upper surface (namely the workbench 1) of the forming cylinder 2 can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2; the distance between the air suction opening 7 and the corresponding air blowing opening 6 is controlled to be 380 mm.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size square frame-shaped metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting a dust removal module, and forming a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece from inside to outside above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow velocity of the circulating airflow is set to be 2.9 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to be superposed with the upper surface of the forming cylinder; paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.35mm on the surface of the substrate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 4 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a first deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3.5kW, the scanning speed is 3500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.4 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.35mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: the 4 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a next deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3.5kW, the scanning speed is 3500mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.4 mm;

Example 7

As shown in fig. 9, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece with a frame length of 350mm and a wall thickness of 15mm, including a workbench 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder 2 and the substrate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are in a square frame shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; when selective laser melting forming is carried out, the outer wall of a forming cylinder is positioned on the outer side of the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer, the distance between the outer wall and the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer is 20mm, and the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer, and the distance between the inner wall and the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer is 20 mm;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 4 galvanometer systems 4 which are uniformly and fixedly arranged along a square frame, wherein the sum of scanning areas corresponding to all the galvanometer systems 4 can just cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder and is used for realizing multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a high-power laser with the power of 6kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam 5 output to the workbench is controlled to be 1 mm;

the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism in the dust removal module are respectively positioned above the inner side and the outer side of the forming cylinder 2, and the distance between the air exhaust mechanism and the air blowing mechanism and the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2 is controlled to be 65 mm; the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is matched with the inner contour of the forming cylinder 2, the shape of the air blowing mechanism is matched with the outer contour of the forming cylinder 2, the air exhaust opening 7 is matched with the corresponding air blowing opening 6, a circulating airflow field 8 which is distributed along the frame normal direction of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece and is from outside to inside is formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the projection of the circulating airflow field 8 on the upper surface (namely the workbench 1) of the forming cylinder 2 can cover the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2; the distance between the air pumping opening 7 and the corresponding air blowing opening 6 is controlled to be 250 mm.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size square frame-shaped metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting a dust removal module, and forming a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the circumscribed circle of the horizontal section of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece from outside to inside above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow velocity of the circulating airflow is set to be 1.8 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to be superposed with the upper surface of the forming cylinder; paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.2mm on the surface of the substrate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 4 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a first deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 6kW, the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.5mm, and the spot diameter is 1 mm;

and 5, step 5: the 4 fixedly arranged galvanometer systems perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming on the metal powder layer according to a preset scanning path to form a next deposited layer of the metal piece; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 6kW, the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.5mm, and the spot diameter is 1 mm;

Example 8

As shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus for a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece with a frame length of 800mm and a wall thickness of 10mm, which includes a worktable 1, a forming cylinder 2, a substrate 3, a galvanometer array, and a dust removal module, wherein;

the forming cylinder 2 and the substrate 3 are positioned at the center of the workbench 1, and both are in a square frame shape and are adapted to the outer contour and the inner contour of a large-size square frame-shaped metal piece; when the selective laser melting forming is carried out, the outer wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the outer side of the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer, the distance between the outer wall of the forming cylinder and the outer contour of the metal member deposition layer is 2mm, the inner wall of the forming cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the inner contour of the metal member deposition layer, and the distance between the inner wall of the forming cylinder and the inner contour of the metal member deposition;

the galvanometer array is positioned above the workbench and comprises 4 galvanometer systems 4 distributed along a square frame, wherein the galvanometer systems 4 need to move along the circumferential direction of the square frame to realize multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting forming of large-size square frame metal pieces; each galvanometer system is externally connected with a high-power laser with the power of 3kW, and the diameter of a light spot of each laser beam output to the workbench is controlled to be 0.5 mm;

the dust removal module comprises 4 groups of air exhaust mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms, wherein each group of air exhaust mechanism and air blowing mechanism is positioned below the corresponding galvanometer system 4 and 30mm away from the upper surface of the forming cylinder 2, and moves synchronously with the galvanometer system 4; the distance between the air pumping hole 7 and the corresponding air blowing hole 6 is controlled to be 225 mm; 4 groups of air exhaust mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms are matched with each other, 4 sections of circulating airflow fields 8 are formed above the forming cylinder 2, and the upper surface of the whole forming cylinder 2 is covered by the synchronous movement of the 4 galvanometer systems 4.

The forming process comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing a large-size square frame-shaped metal part CAD model by using slicing software to generate a laser scanning path of each metal deposition layer; starting a dust removal module, and forming 4 sections of circulating airflow fields uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the frame of the large-size square frame-shaped metal piece above the forming cylinder, wherein the average flow speed of the circulating airflow is set to be 3 m/s;

step 2: adjusting the height of the base plate to enable the upper surface of the base plate to coincide with the upper surface of the forming cylinder, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.15mm on the surface of the base plate by using a powder paving device such as a scraper, a roller and the like;

and 3, step 3: the 4 galvanometer systems distributed along the square frame perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting on the metal powder layer covered by the current scanning breadth according to a preset scanning path, and the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.5 mm; after the scanning of the coverage range of the current scanning breadth is finished, 4 galvanometer systems distributed along the square frame and 4 groups of corresponding air pumping mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms move along the circumferential direction of the metal piece frame, and multi-laser-beam synchronous selective area melting is continuously carried out on the rest metal powder layers until the formation of a first layer deposition layer of the metal piece is finished; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.5 mm;

and 4, step 4: lowering the substrate to the height same as the thickness of the deposition layer, and paving a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.15mm above the deposition layer again;

and 5, step 5: the 4 galvanometer systems distributed along the square frame perform multi-laser-beam synchronous selective melting on the metal powder layer covered by the current scanning breadth according to a preset scanning path, and the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.5 mm; after the scanning of the coverage range of the current scanning breadth is finished, 4 galvanometer systems distributed along the square frame and 4 groups of corresponding air pumping mechanisms and air blowing mechanisms move along the circumferential direction of the frame of the metal piece, and the multi-laser-beam synchronous selective area melting of the rest metal powder layer is continuously carried out until the formation of the next layer of deposited layer of the metal piece is finished; the specific laser scanning parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the scanning speed is 3000mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the spot diameter is 0.5 mm;

The forming cylinder and the base plate of the utility model are annular or frame-shaped, the inner and outer contours of the forming cylinder and the base plate are respectively adapted to the inner and outer contours of a large-size annular or frame-shaped metal piece, and the filling amount of redundant powder can be greatly reduced; for large-size annular metal pieces, a dust removal system forms a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of the annular metal pieces and can cover the upper part of the forming cylinder, or a plurality of sections of movable circulating airflow fields which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular metal pieces and can cover the upper part of the forming cylinder; for large-size frame-shaped metal pieces, a dust removal system forms a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the radial direction of an circumcircle of the horizontal section of the metal piece and can cover the upper part of the forming cylinder, or a circulating airflow field which is uniformly distributed along the normal direction of a frame of the metal piece and can cover the upper part of the forming cylinder, or a plurality of sections of movable circulating airflow fields which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the frame of the metal piece and can cover the upper part of the forming cylinder above the forming cylinder; the method can ensure the smoke dust removing effect during forming, avoids material waste caused by the fact that metal powder is taken away by circulating airflow, and is suitable for high-efficiency, low-cost and high-quality manufacturing of various annular pieces and frame pieces.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. And simultaneously, the technical idea of the utility model can also be very conveniently extended to the selective melting of laser of all kinds of jumbo size annular, the frame shape metalwork of other horizontal cross section gradual changes or sudden change takes shape, only needs to extract the projection breadth set of each layer sedimentary deposit of this type of metalwork at horizontal cross section, and regards it as the utility model provides a metalwork horizontal cross section handles can.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a laser selective melting forming device of jumbo size annular/frame shape metalwork which characterized in that, including shaping jar (2), base plate (3), galvanometer array and dust removal module, wherein:

the forming cylinder (2) is annular/frame-shaped and is adapted to the inner and outer contours of a large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece to be formed, and the substrate (3) is also annular/frame-shaped and is arranged inside the forming cylinder (2);

the galvanometer array is positioned above the forming cylinder (2) and comprises a plurality of galvanometer systems (4), and the sum of scanning areas corresponding to the plurality of galvanometer systems (4) covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder, or the sum of the scanning areas covers the upper surface of the forming cylinder through the movement of the plurality of galvanometer systems (4), so that the multi-laser beam synchronous selective melting forming of the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece is realized;

the dust removal module is positioned between the forming cylinder (2) and the vibrating mirror array and is used for forming a circulating airflow field which is distributed along the normal direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal part along the external circle of the horizontal section of the large-size annular metal part or the external circle of the horizontal section of the large-size frame-shaped metal part or a plurality of sections of circulating airflow fields which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal part or the circumferential direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal part, so that.

2. The selective laser melting and forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal pieces according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the dust removal modules are a group, which comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein, the shape of the air exhaust mechanism is adapted to the external contour circle of the outer contour of the annular forming cylinder/the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, which is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of annularly arranged pumping holes (6), the shape of the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the inner contour of the annular forming cylinder/the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, which is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and on the inner side of the air exhaust mechanism, and is provided with an air blowing opening (7) corresponding to the air exhaust opening (6), a circulating airflow field which is radially distributed along the external circle of the horizontal section of the large-size annular metal piece/the large-size frame-shaped metal piece is formed by matching the air pumping hole (6) with the corresponding air blowing hole (7);

3. The selective laser melting and forming device for the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece according to claim 1, wherein when the forming object is a large-size frame-shaped metal piece, the dust removal module is a group and comprises an air suction mechanism and an air blowing mechanism, wherein the air suction mechanism is adapted to the outer contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, is positioned above the outer side of the forming cylinder and is provided with a plurality of air suction ports parallel to the frame of the frame-shaped metal piece, the air blowing mechanism is adapted to the inner contour of the frame-shaped forming cylinder, is positioned above the inner side of the forming cylinder and is positioned inside the air suction mechanism, and is provided with air blowing ports corresponding to the air suction ports, and a circulating air flow field distributed along the normal direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal piece is formed by the cooperation of the air suction ports and the corresponding air blowing;

4. The selective laser melting and forming device for the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece according to claim 1, wherein the dust removal modules are arranged in multiple groups, the number of the dust removal modules is consistent with the number of the galvanometer systems (4), and each group of dust removal modules is located below the corresponding galvanometer system (4) and moves synchronously with the galvanometer system (4).

5. The selective laser melting and forming device for the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal part according to claim 4, wherein the dust removal module comprises an air exhaust mechanism and an air blowing mechanism which are respectively arranged at two sides of the galvanometer system (4), wherein the air exhaust mechanism is provided with a plurality of air exhaust ports (6), the air blowing mechanism is provided with air blowing ports (7) corresponding to the air exhaust ports (6), and a circulating airflow field which is distributed along the circumferential direction of the large-size annular metal part/the circumferential direction of the frame of the large-size frame-shaped metal part is formed by matching the air exhaust ports (6) with the corresponding air blowing ports (7).

6. The selective laser melting forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal parts according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the distance between the inner side surface of the outer wall of the forming cylinder (2) and the outer contour of the deposited layer of the metal part is 0.1mm-150 mm; the distance between the outer side surface of the inner wall of the forming cylinder (2) and the inner contour of the metal deposition layer is 0.1mm-150 mm.

7. The selective laser melting and forming device for the large-size annular/frame-shaped metal piece according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the inner side surface of the outer wall of the forming cylinder (2) and the outer contour of the deposited layer of the metal piece is 1mm-20 mm; the distance between the outer side surface of the inner wall of the forming cylinder (2) and the inner contour of the metal piece deposition layer is 1mm-20 mm.

8. The selective laser melting and forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the power and the spot diameter of the laser beam output by each galvanometer system (4) are respectively controlled within the range of 500W-10kW and 0.1mm-10 mm; the galvanometer system is a biaxial scanning galvanometer system or a dynamic focusing scanning galvanometer system.

9. The selective laser melting and forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal parts according to claim 2, 3 or 5, wherein the average flow velocity of the air flow field formed between the pumping hole and the corresponding blowing hole is 0.5m/s-5 m/s.

10. The selective laser melting forming device for large-size annular/frame-shaped metal parts according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the dust removal module and the upper surface of the forming cylinder is 1mm-300 mm; the distance between the air outlet of the air pumping mechanism and the air blowing port of the corresponding air blowing mechanism is 5mm-500 mm; the forming device further comprises a workbench (1), and the forming cylinder (2) is embedded in the workbench (1).