CN111992879A - Device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease - Google Patents
Device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992879A CN111992879A CN202010647034.5A CN202010647034A CN111992879A CN 111992879 A CN111992879 A CN 111992879A CN 202010647034 A CN202010647034 A CN 202010647034A CN 111992879 A CN111992879 A CN 111992879A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, which comprises a sealed forming chamber, an inert protective gas source and a processing forming platform, wherein the sealed forming chamber is provided with a plurality of grooves; the inert protective gas source is connected with the sealed forming chamber; the processing and forming platform is arranged in the sealed forming chamber, and a light path selecting system is arranged right above the processing and forming platform; the whole machining and forming platform is circular, can rotate in the circumferential direction and is circumferentially provided with three machining stations; the light path selection system comprises an impact strengthening independent laser light path, an additive independent laser light path and a subtractive independent laser light path which respectively correspond to the three processing stations, and the independent laser light paths do not share equipment. The device provided by the invention integrates laser shock peening and laser material increasing and decreasing technologies, improves the forming precision, surface quality, structure performance and residual stress state of a complex fine additive product, and realizes one-stop high-efficiency, high-precision and high-performance additive product preparation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and relates to a device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease.
Background
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a Laser additive manufacturing technology for manufacturing solid parts based on a material discrete-gradual accumulation method, particularly, high-power Laser is used as a heat source, metal powder is melted layer by layer, parts with complex and fine structures (high processing precision) can be directly manufactured, the technology can realize rapid and mold-free near-net forming of compact materials with complex structures, a new idea is provided for integrated preparation of the parts with complex and fine structures, a simple, rapid, low-cost and green flexible manufacturing technology from powder to the whole parts is particularly provided for forming of key precise parts in the fields of aerospace, medical instruments, precise machine tools, electronic communication and the like, and the SLM technology has good application prospects.
However, due to the influence of the size of powder, the adhesion and spheroidization of powder, the step effect between layers, the size of laser focusing light spot, microcrack, and residual tensile stress and deformation caused by uneven heating, the complexity, fineness, surface roughness, compactness, mechanical comprehensive performance and the like of the SLM forming part still have great difference with the expectation of users.
Therefore, it is very significant to develop a technology capable of smoothly solving the problems of low geometric dimension precision, poor surface quality, large residual tensile stress, many internal defects and the like of SLM (selective laser melting) molded parts so as to realize high-precision and integrated near-net-shape molding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low geometric dimension precision, poor surface quality, large residual tensile stress and more internal defects of SLM (selective laser melting) molded parts in the prior art, and further provides a manufacturing device for realizing high-precision and integrated near-net shape molding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease comprises a sealed forming chamber, an inert protective gas source, a processing forming platform, a light path selecting system and a control device;
the inert protective gas source is connected with the sealed forming chamber and provides inert protective gas for the sealed forming chamber;
the processing and forming platform is arranged in the sealed forming chamber, and the light path selecting system is arranged above the processing and forming platform;
the machining and forming platform is integrally circular, can rotate in the circumferential direction and is circumferentially provided with a first station, a second station and a third station;
the optical path selection system is arranged right above the processing and forming platform and comprises three independent laser paths, namely an impact strengthening independent laser path, an additive independent laser path and a subtractive independent laser path which correspond to three processing stations and are parallel to each other, each independent laser path comprises a set of laser, a beam expander and a scanning galvanometer which are sequentially arranged, and each independent laser path does not share equipment;
the control device is respectively in electric signal connection with the inert protective gas source, the machining and forming platform and the light path selecting system, the control device can control the inert protective gas source to enable the sealed forming chamber to be filled with inert protective gas, then the machining and forming platform is rotated according to requirements to enable the machining position to be aligned to the required independent laser light path and control the light path selecting system to machine the part, and the operation is repeated until the part is machined.
Compared with the traditional laser material increase and decrease manufacturing, the device for performing composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease simultaneously adopts the laser shock peening and the laser material increase and decrease manufacturing, and has the outstanding advantages of integration, high precision, non-contact, small heat affected zone, compact structure, no defect, high residual compressive stress and the like. The invention applies the laser shock strengthening technology to strengthen the surface, can obtain residual compressive stress, a fine surface layer microstructure and higher surface quality, can improve the performances of fatigue resistance, wear resistance, stress corrosion resistance and the like, and can effectively eliminate the internal defects of holes, shrinkage porosity, microcracks and the like in the part for the additive manufacturing of metal parts by the strengthening means, thereby improving the mechanical comprehensive performance of the metal parts.
The device is exquisite in design, each processing technology is provided with an independent laser light path, compared with common shared equipment (laser) in the prior art, the device not only can obviously improve the processing precision, but also can improve the stability of the light paths through the independent laser light paths and can improve the processing stability.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease is characterized in that the shock peening independent laser light path comprises a shock peening laser, a shock peening light path beam expander and a shock peening light path scanning galvanometer;
the additive independent laser light path comprises an additive laser, an additive light path beam expander and an additive light path scanning galvanometer;
the material reduction independent laser light path comprises a material reduction laser, a material reduction light path beam expander and a material reduction light path scanning galvanometer.
In the apparatus for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, the control device is connected to the shock peening laser, the material increase laser, and the material decrease laser, respectively.
When laser additive machining is carried out, the control device controls the additive laser to output laser beams, and the machining laser beams are conveyed into corresponding machining stations on the machining forming platform through the additive light path beam expanding lens and the additive light path scanning galvanometer to carry out additive machining;
when laser shock peening processing is carried out, the control device controls the shock peening laser to output laser beams, and the processing laser beams are conveyed into corresponding processing stations on the processing forming platform through the shock peening light path beam expanding lens and the shock peening light path scanning galvanometer to carry out shock peening processing;
when laser material reduction processing is carried out, the control device controls the material reduction laser to output laser beams, and the processing laser beams are conveyed into corresponding processing stations on the processing forming platform through the material reduction light path beam expanding lens and the material reduction light path scanning galvanometer to carry out material reduction processing.
According to the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, a laser beam emitted by a shock peening laser is a pulse laser, the wavelength of the pulse laser is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 1-10 Hz, the pulse width is 5-20 ns, the diameter of a light spot is 0.1-3 mm, and the single pulse energy is 1-30J;
the laser beam emitted by the additive laser is continuous laser, the wavelength of the laser beam is 1064nm, the power of the laser beam is 100-1000W, the diameter of a light spot is 50-200 mu m, and the scanning speed is 50-2000 mm/s;
the laser beam emitted by the material reducing laser is a picosecond pulse laser beam or a femtosecond pulse laser beam;
parameters of the picosecond pulsed laser beam were: the pulse width is 13ps, the frequency is 1-2 MHz, the power is 0-180W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, and the wavelength is 1030 nm;
the parameters of the femtosecond pulsed laser beam are as follows: the pulse width is 190 fs-10 ps, the frequency is 1 kHz-1 MkHz, the power is 0-20W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, and the wavelength is 1030 nm. The power of the material reduction laser is selected according to actual process requirements, too high laser power can cause too large laser spot energy, cause obvious thermal effect and influence on material performance, and too low laser power can cause insufficient laser spot energy, so that the aim of cutting redundant materials on the surface and improving the surface quality can not be achieved. The parameters of the laser emitted by each laser in the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can adjust the parameters within a certain range according to the actual requirements of the processing.
The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease comprises a processing platform support, a circular processing platform surface and a rotating motor, wherein the processing platform support is arranged on the processing platform support;
the processing platform bracket is arranged below the circular processing platform surface and is used for supporting the circular processing platform surface;
the rotating motor is connected with the machining platform support and used for driving the machining platform support to rotate so as to enable the circular machining platform surface to rotate axially.
According to the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, the processing and forming platform further comprises a powder cylinder, a forming cylinder, a powder collecting cylinder and a powder spreading brush;
the forming cylinders are the processing stations, the circumferences of the three forming cylinders are uniformly distributed on the surface of the circular processing platform, a substrate is uniformly arranged in each forming cylinder, and the substrates can move in the vertical direction;
a powder collecting cylinder is arranged at the circle center of the circular processing platform surface;
the powder cylinder is arranged on one side of the circular processing platform surface, and the position of the powder cylinder does not change along with the rotation of the circular processing platform surface when the circular processing platform surface rotates;
the powder spreading brush is arranged above the circular processing platform surface and used for spreading powder in the powder cylinder onto the substrate in the forming cylinder and pushing redundant powder into the powder collecting cylinder, and when the circular processing platform surface rotates clockwise by 120 degrees, the powder spreading brush can horizontally push metal powder onto the substrate in the forming cylinder beside the powder cylinder.
The device for composite manufacturing based on laser impact strengthening and laser material increase and decrease is characterized in that the control device is respectively connected with the powder spreading brush, the rotating motor, the forming cylinder and the powder cylinder.
The control device is a computer.
The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease is characterized in that the control device comprises the following operation steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of a part to be manufactured, carrying out slicing and layering processing on the three-dimensional digital model of the part to be manufactured by using software (such as CAD software, CAM software and other model manufacturing software with similar functions), obtaining contour data of slice layers layer by layer, and generating construction parameters of the part to be manufactured, wherein the construction parameters comprise laser additive machining parameters, laser shock strengthening parameters and laser material reduction machining parameters;
(2) opening an inert protective gas source to enable the sealed forming chamber to be under the protection of inert protective gas;
(3) controlling an additive laser to start laser additive machining of a part to be manufactured on a machining position I according to laser additive machining parameters, wherein during laser additive machining, a powder cylinder (powder materials in the powder cylinder are powder capable of being subjected to additive machining through selective laser melting and include but are not limited to metal powder, ceramic powder and mixed powder thereof) rises to a certain height, a forming cylinder descends by one-piece thickness, the powder in the powder cylinder is flatly laid on a substrate of the forming cylinder through the movement of a powder laying brush, a laser beam is controlled according to slice information and construction parameters to selectively melt the laid powder and solidify the powder to form one piece of the part, namely the laser additive machining of one piece is completed, and the steps are repeated to complete all n layers of laser additive machining, namely the laser additive machining of the part to be manufactured is completed;
(4) after laser material increase processing of the part to be manufactured is completed, controlling a rotating motor to move a processing position I to be right below an impact strengthening independent laser light path, and controlling an impact strengthening laser to perform laser impact strengthening processing on the upper surface of the sheet layer according to laser impact strengthening parameters;
(5) after laser shock peening processing of a part to be manufactured is completed, controlling a rotating motor to move a processing position I to be right below a material reducing independent laser light path, controlling a material reducing laser to carry out ultrafast pulse laser material reducing processing according to laser material reducing parameters, scanning the contour edge of a formed n-layer sheet layer and/or a characteristic area needing material reducing processing into a fine structure, and removing redundant materials such as powder adhesion and step effect;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (3) to (5) until all the sheet layers of the part to be manufactured are processed, namely finishing the processing work of the part to be manufactured.
The invention organically integrates a selective laser melting technology, a laser shock peening technology and an ultrafast laser material reduction technology, in the process of the layer-by-layer material increase manufacturing of a laser powder bed, shock peening laser and ultrafast pulse laser are alternately utilized to carry out shock peening and material reduction processing on the surface and edge outlines and other selected areas of a formed part sheet layer, a compact, complex and fine structure (the part has the characteristics of internal cavities, deep grooves, deep holes, pipelines and the like) is formed after layer-by-layer superposition, simultaneously the smoothness, the dimensional precision and the tissue performance of the part surface are improved, and the problems of low forming precision, overhigh roughness, large residual tensile stress, multiple internal defects and the like of the laser material increase manufacturing technology are overcome.
According to the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, the roughness of the manufactured part can reach Ra 6.3 mu m, and the processing precision can reach 10 mu m.
Has the advantages that:
(1) according to the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, in the laser material increase processing process, the structure morphology and the stress state of a part sheet layer are improved layer by synchronously utilizing the laser shock peening technology, the regulation and control of the internal structure and the residual stress of the part after laser melting are realized, the formation of a coarse structure and the residual tensile stress are effectively inhibited, the defects of internal pores, microcracks and the like are eliminated, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the part is improved;
(2) according to the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, in the laser material increase processing process, the ultrafast laser material decrease technology is synchronously utilized to eliminate the step effect layer by layer, slice steps at the edge of the outline, adhesion powder and other redundant materials are stripped layer by layer, local materials in selected areas in the layers are removed, continuous complex and fine inner cavities are formed after the materials are overlapped layer by layer, and part of supporting materials can be effectively and synchronously removed;
(3) the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, which is disclosed by the invention, organically integrates a laser selective melting technology, a laser shock peening technology and an ultrafast laser material decrease technology, can improve the forming precision, the surface quality, the organizational performance and the residual stress state of a complex fine material increase product, overcomes the technical problem that the subsequent treatment cannot be carried out on complex and fine parts with fine structures such as a closed cavity, a deep groove deep hole, a plurality of capillary pipelines and the like, finally realizes the preparation of one-stop high-efficiency, high-precision and high-performance material increase products, and simultaneously finishes three technological processes in the same device, thereby greatly improving the processing efficiency and reducing the post-treatment cost;
(4) the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease is exquisite in design, each processing technology is provided with an independent laser light path, compared with common shared equipment (laser) in the prior art, the device not only can remarkably improve the processing precision, but also can improve the stability of the light paths and the processing stability, in addition, a plurality of processing stations are circumferentially arranged, the device not only can reduce the size of the equipment, but also can realize the production of a part in a streamline type, the processing efficiency can be greatly improved, and the device has a great application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for composite fabrication based on laser shock peening and laser additive and subtractive materials in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the tooling platform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control flow chart of the control device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic comparison of a solid cross-sectional view of a 316 stainless steel capillary tube (a) made by a conventional selective laser melting process and a 316 stainless steel capillary tube (b) made by the apparatus of the present invention;
the method comprises the following steps of 1-an inert protective gas source, 2-a sealed forming chamber, 3-a light path selecting system, 4-a part to be manufactured, 5-a processing and forming platform, 6-a control device, 301-an additive laser, 302-an additive light path beam expander, 303-an additive light path scanning galvanometer, 304-an impact strengthening laser, 305-an impact strengthening light path beam expander, 306-an impact strengthening light path scanning galvanometer, 307-a material reducing laser, 308-a material reducing light path beam expander, 309-a material reducing light path scanning galvanometer, 501-a powder spreading brush, 502-a powder cylinder, 503-a substrate, 504-a forming cylinder, 505-a powder collecting cylinder, 506-a rotating motor, 507-a processing platform support and 508-a circular processing platform surface.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention, taking the example of manufacturing 316 stainless steel capillary tubes, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease is shown in figure 1 and comprises a sealed forming chamber 2, an inert protective gas source 1, a processing and forming platform 5, a light path selecting system 3 and a control device 6 (a computer);
the inert protective gas source 1 is connected with the sealing forming chamber 2 and provides inert protective gas for the sealing forming chamber 2;
the processing and forming platform 5 is arranged in the sealed forming chamber 2, wherein the light path selecting system 3 is arranged above the processing and forming platform 5;
the whole machining and forming platform 5 is circular and comprises a machining platform bracket 507, a circular machining platform surface 508, a rotating motor 506, a powder cylinder 502, a forming cylinder 504, a powder collecting cylinder 505 and a powder paving brush 501;
the machining platform support 507 is arranged below the circular machining platform surface 508 and used for supporting the circular machining platform surface 508, and the rotating motor 506 is connected with the machining platform support 507 and used for driving the machining platform support 507 to rotate so as to enable the circular machining platform surface 508 to axially rotate;
as shown in fig. 2, three forming cylinders 504 (corresponding to three processing stations # 1, #2, and #3 in fig. 2) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on a circular processing platform surface 508, a substrate 503 is disposed in each forming cylinder 504, and the substrate 503 can move in the vertical direction;
a powder collecting cylinder 505 is arranged at the center of a circle of the circular processing platform surface 508, a powder cylinder 502 is arranged at one side of the circular processing platform surface 508, the position of the powder cylinder 502 does not change along with the rotation of the circular processing platform surface 508 when the circular processing platform surface 508 rotates, and a powder spreading brush 501 is arranged above the circular processing platform surface 508 and used for spreading powder in the powder cylinder 502 onto a base plate 503 in a forming cylinder and pushing redundant powder into the powder collecting cylinder 505;
the optical path selecting system 3 is arranged right above the processing and forming platform and comprises three independent laser optical paths, namely an impact strengthening independent laser optical path, an additive independent laser optical path and a material reducing independent laser optical path which correspond to three processing stations respectively and are parallel to each other, wherein the impact strengthening independent laser optical path comprises an impact strengthening laser 304, an impact strengthening optical path beam expander 305 and an impact strengthening optical path scanning galvanometer 306, the additive independent laser optical path comprises an additive laser 301, an additive optical path beam expander 302 and an additive optical path scanning galvanometer 303, and the material reducing independent laser optical path comprises a material reducing laser 307, a material reducing optical path beam expander 308 and a material reducing optical path scanning galvanometer 309;
wherein the laser beam emitted by the impact strengthening laser is pulse laser, the wavelength of the pulse laser is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 1-10 Hz, the pulse width is 5-20 ns, the diameter of a light spot is 0.1-3 mm, and the single pulse energy is 1-30J;
the laser beam emitted by the additive laser is continuous laser, the wavelength of the laser beam is 1064nm, the power of the laser beam is 100-1000W, the diameter of a light spot is 50-200 mu m, and the scanning speed is 50-2000 mm/s;
the laser beam emitted by the material reducing laser is a picosecond pulse laser beam or a femtosecond pulse laser beam;
parameters of the picosecond pulsed laser beam were: the pulse width is 13ps, the frequency is 1-2 MHz, the power is 0-180W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, and the wavelength is 1030 nm;
the parameters of the femtosecond pulsed laser beam are as follows: the pulse width is 190 fs-10 ps, the frequency is 1 kHz-1 MkHz, the power is 0-20W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, and the wavelength is 1030 nm;
the control device 6 is respectively in electric signal connection with an inert protective gas source 1, a powder spreading brush 501, a rotating motor 506, a forming cylinder 504, a powder cylinder 502, an impact strengthening laser 304, an additive laser 301 and a subtractive laser 303, the control device can control the inert protective gas source to enable the sealed forming chamber to be filled with inert protective gas, then the forming platform is rotated according to requirements to enable a processing station to be aligned with a required independent laser light path and control a light path selecting system to process parts, and the operation is repeated until the parts are processed;
the specific steps of the control device for processing the parts are shown in fig. 3, and are as follows:
(1) the method comprises the steps of obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of a part 4 to be manufactured (namely, a 316 stainless steel capillary), slicing and layering the three-dimensional digital model of the part to be manufactured by utilizing CAD software and CAM software, obtaining contour data of slice layers layer by layer, and generating construction parameters of the part to be manufactured, wherein the construction parameters comprise laser additive machining parameters, laser shock strengthening parameters and laser subtractive machining parameters;
(2) opening an inert protective gas source to enable the sealed forming chamber to be under the protection of inert protective gas;
(3) controlling an additive laser to start laser additive machining of a part to be manufactured in a forming cylinder I according to laser additive machining parameters, wherein powder in a powder cylinder is nearly spherical 316 stainless steel powder with the particle size of 15-53 mu m, and the laser additive machining process specifically comprises the following steps: the powder cylinder 502 rises to a certain height, the base plate 503-1# of the forming cylinder 504-1# descends by one lamella thickness, the powder of 316 stainless steel is flatly paved on the base plate 503-1# of the forming cylinder through the movement of the powder paving brush 501, the redundant powder is collected in the powder collecting cylinder 505, then the scanning vibrating mirror 303 is controlled according to the slice information and the construction parameters to selectively melt the paved powder, when the melting layer is formed by melting and solidification, the powder paving and the selective melting to construct the melting layer are continued, and when 2-5 lamellae are constructed, the additive laser 301 is closed;
(4) after laser material additive processing of a part to be manufactured is completed, a rotating motor is controlled to move a forming cylinder I to be right below an impact strengthening independent laser light path, an impact strengthening laser is controlled to carry out laser impact strengthening processing on the upper surface of a sheet layer according to laser impact strengthening parameters, high-energy pulse laser and a material act to generate high-temperature and high-pressure plasma at the moment to form high-strength pressure shock waves, so that the surface of a workpiece is subjected to ultrahigh strain rate plastic deformation to form beneficial residual pressure stress, internal tensile stress of the material due to uneven temperature fields is counteracted, defects such as microscopic cracks and air holes in a melting layer are closed, original coarse grains are broken, the structure is obviously refined, and the purposes of regulating and improving the material structure and mechanical property are achieved by adjusting the laser impact strengthening process parameters;
(5) after finishing the laser shock peening processing of waiting to make the part, control rotation motor moves shaping jar I to subtract under the independent laser light path of material, and the control subtracts the material laser and subtracts the material processing according to the laser and carry out ultrafast pulse laser according to the material parameter, and the laser subtracts the material processing specifically to be: performing material reduction scanning on the contour edge of a cladding layer on a substrate 503-1# or a selected characteristic region (the fine structure has a cavity, a deep groove, a deep hole, a complex capillary pipeline and the like in a part) of which the material is required to be reduced and processed into the fine structure, wherein the scanning frequency is 1-2 times, so that redundant materials of the contour edge and the selected characteristic region are eliminated, the surface quality and the size precision of the part are improved, and the forming of the fine structure of the part is realized;
(6) repeating the steps (3) to (5) until all the sheet layers of the part to be manufactured are processed, namely, the part to be manufactured is processed, wherein the cross section of the formed 316 stainless steel capillary tube is shown in figure 4 b;
the roughness of the prepared 316 stainless steel capillary tube can reach Ra 6.3 mu m, the processing precision can reach 10 mu m, and after the processing device is compared with the 316 stainless steel capillary tube prepared by the traditional selective laser melting forming technology, the fact that the 316 stainless steel capillary tube prepared by the device has no powder spheroidizing group residue and good smoothness is found, the product quality is far superior to that of the 316 stainless steel capillary tube prepared by the traditional selective laser melting forming technology (as shown in figure 4 a).
According to the device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease, the structure morphology and the stress state of the part sheet layer are improved layer by synchronously utilizing the laser shock peening technology in the laser material increase processing process, the regulation and control of the internal structure and the residual stress of the part after laser melting are realized, the formation of a coarse structure and the residual tensile stress are effectively inhibited, the defects of internal pores, microcracks and the like are eliminated, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the part is improved; in the laser additive machining process, the ultrafast laser material reduction technology is synchronously utilized to eliminate the step effect layer by layer, strip off redundant materials such as the step of the sheet layer and the adhesive powder at the edge of the outline layer by layer, remove local materials in the selected area in the layer and form a continuous complex and fine inner cavity after layer by layer superposition, so that part of the supporting materials can be effectively and synchronously removed; the method has the advantages that the selective laser melting technology, the laser shock strengthening technology and the ultrafast laser material reducing technology are organically integrated, so that the forming precision, the surface quality, the structure performance and the residual stress state of a complex fine material increase workpiece can be improved, the technical problem that the subsequent treatment of the complex and fine parts with fine structures such as a closed cavity, a deep groove and deep hole, a plurality of capillary pipelines and the like cannot be carried out is solved, the preparation of the one-stop high-efficiency, high-precision and high-performance material increase workpiece is finally realized, three technological processes are completed in the same device, the processing efficiency is improved to a great extent, and the post-treatment cost is reduced; the design is exquisite, each processing technology is provided with an independent laser light path, compared with common shared equipment (laser) in the prior art, the processing precision can be obviously improved, the stability of the light paths can be improved through the independent laser light paths, and the processing stability can be improved.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative and various changes or modifications may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease is characterized by comprising a sealed forming chamber, an inert protective gas source, a processing forming platform, a light path selecting system and a control device;
the inert protective gas source is connected with the sealed forming chamber and provides inert protective gas for the sealed forming chamber;
the processing and forming platform is arranged in the sealed forming chamber, and the light path selecting system is arranged above the processing and forming platform;
the machining and forming platform is integrally circular, can rotate in the circumferential direction and is circumferentially provided with a first station, a second station and a third station;
the optical path selection system is arranged right above the processing and forming platform and comprises three independent laser paths, namely an impact strengthening independent laser path, an additive independent laser path and a subtractive independent laser path which correspond to three processing stations and are parallel to each other, each independent laser path comprises a set of laser, a beam expander and a scanning galvanometer which are sequentially arranged, and each independent laser path does not share equipment;
the control device is respectively in electric signal connection with the inert protective gas source, the machining and forming platform and the light path selecting system, the control device can control the inert protective gas source to enable the sealed forming chamber to be filled with inert protective gas, then the machining and forming platform is rotated according to requirements to enable the machining position to be aligned to the required independent laser light path and control the light path selecting system to machine the part, and the operation is repeated until the part is machined.
2. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material addition and subtraction according to claim 1, wherein the shock peening independent laser light path comprises a shock peening laser, a shock peening light path beam expander and a shock peening light path scanning galvanometer;
the additive independent laser light path comprises an additive laser, an additive light path beam expander and an additive light path scanning galvanometer;
the material reduction independent laser light path comprises a material reduction laser, a material reduction light path beam expander and a material reduction light path scanning galvanometer.
3. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material addition and subtraction according to claim 2, wherein the control device is connected with the shock peening laser, the material addition laser and the material subtraction laser respectively.
4. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease as claimed in claim 2, wherein the laser beam emitted by the shock peening laser is pulse laser, the wavelength of the pulse laser is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 1-10 Hz, the pulse width is 5-20 ns, the spot diameter is 0.1-3 mm, and the single pulse energy is 1-30J;
the laser beam emitted by the additive laser is continuous laser, the wavelength of the laser beam is 1064nm, the power of the laser beam is 100-1000W, the diameter of a light spot is 50-200 mu m, and the scanning speed is 50-2000 mm/s;
the laser beam emitted by the material reducing laser is a picosecond pulse laser beam or a femtosecond pulse laser beam;
parameters of the picosecond pulsed laser beam were: the pulse width is 13ps, the frequency is 1-2 MHz, the power is 0-180W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, and the wavelength is 1030 nm;
the parameters of the femtosecond pulsed laser beam are as follows: the pulse width is 190 fs-10 ps, the frequency is 1 kHz-1 MkHz, the power is 0-20W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, and the wavelength is 1030 nm.
5. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material addition and subtraction is characterized in that the processing and forming platform comprises a processing platform bracket, a circular processing platform surface and a rotating motor;
the processing platform bracket is arranged below the circular processing platform surface and is used for supporting the circular processing platform surface;
the rotating motor is connected with the machining platform support and used for driving the machining platform support to rotate so as to enable the circular machining platform surface to rotate axially.
6. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material addition and subtraction as claimed in claim 5, wherein the machine-shaping platform further comprises a powder cylinder, a shaping cylinder, a powder collecting cylinder and a powder spreading brush;
the forming cylinders are the processing stations, the circumferences of the three forming cylinders are uniformly distributed on the surface of the circular processing platform, a substrate is uniformly arranged in each forming cylinder, and the substrates can move in the vertical direction;
a powder collecting cylinder is arranged at the circle center of the circular processing platform surface;
the powder cylinder is arranged on one side of the circular processing platform surface, and the position of the powder cylinder does not change along with the rotation of the circular processing platform surface when the circular processing platform surface rotates;
the powder spreading brush is arranged above the surface of the circular processing platform and used for spreading powder in the powder cylinder onto the substrate in the forming cylinder and pushing redundant powder into the powder collecting cylinder.
7. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease as claimed in claim 6, wherein the control device is connected with the powder spreading brush, the rotating motor, the forming cylinder and the powder material cylinder respectively.
8. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser addition and subtraction of materials according to claim 1, wherein the control device is a computer.
9. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser addition and subtraction according to claim 1, wherein the control device comprises the following operation steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of a part to be manufactured, carrying out slicing and layering processing on the three-dimensional digital model of the part to be manufactured, obtaining profile data of slice layers layer by layer, and generating construction parameters of the part to be manufactured, wherein the construction parameters comprise laser material increase processing parameters, laser shock strengthening parameters and laser material reduction processing parameters;
(2) opening an inert protective gas source to enable the sealed forming chamber to be under the protection of inert protective gas;
(3) controlling an additive laser to start laser additive machining of the part to be manufactured on a machining position I according to laser additive machining parameters;
(4) after laser material increase processing of the part to be manufactured is completed, controlling a rotating motor to move a processing position I to be right below an impact strengthening independent laser light path, and controlling an impact strengthening laser to perform laser impact strengthening processing on the upper surface of the sheet layer according to laser impact strengthening parameters;
(5) after the laser shock peening processing of the part to be manufactured is finished, controlling a rotating motor to move a processing position I to be right below an independent material reducing laser light path, and controlling a material reducing laser to carry out ultrafast pulse laser material reducing processing according to laser material reducing parameters;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (3) to (5) until all the sheet layers of the part to be manufactured are processed, namely finishing the processing work of the part to be manufactured.
10. The device for composite manufacturing based on laser shock peening and laser material increase and decrease as claimed in claim 9, wherein the roughness of the manufactured part can reach Ra 6.3 μm, and the processing precision can reach 10 μm.
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| CN115255386A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-01 | 天津大学 | Composite manufacturing method for internal and external additive manufacturing and laser shock peening of protection bin |
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