CN210765153U - Carbon-fertilizer co-production system - Google Patents
Carbon-fertilizer co-production system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210765153U CN210765153U CN201921885263.XU CN201921885263U CN210765153U CN 210765153 U CN210765153 U CN 210765153U CN 201921885263 U CN201921885263 U CN 201921885263U CN 210765153 U CN210765153 U CN 210765153U
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a charcoal-fertile coproduction system, including retort, fertilizer fermentation cylinder and tail gas treatment system. The bottom of the carbonization furnace is provided with a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar, and the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber and a water-cooling auger. The tank body of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank is of a sandwich structure, a temperature-increasing oil chamber is formed between the inner tank body and the outer tank body, and the temperature-increasing oil chamber is connected with an oil outlet of the oil cooling chamber. The tail gas treatment system comprises a water washing mechanism, a cyclone separator, a cooler, a water-gas separator and a gas collection tank which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an air suction pump is arranged on a gas transmission pipeline in front of the gas collection tank, and the gas inlet end of the water washing mechanism is connected with a ventilation port of the carbonization furnace and an exhaust port at the top of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank. The co-production system can reasonably and fully utilize energy, and can forcibly cool the prepared biochar to realize continuous production.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry waste harmless treatment and resource utilization, in particular to a carbon-fertilizer co-production system,
background
The purpose of the biological fermentation of the organic wastes is to make the livestock and poultry manure and the agricultural organic wastes achieve the harmless index, and transform harmful and unstable organic substances into more stable humus through full high-temperature decomposition to form the biological organic fertilizer.
The biochar is a highly aromatic indissolvable solid product generated by high-temperature thermal cracking of biomass in an anaerobic or oxygen-limited environment, and can reduce the volume weight of soil, promote a soil carbon reservoir, improve the soil aggregation and the soil water holding capacity, absorb and fix fertilizer nutrients, delay the release of the fertilizer in the soil and reduce the leaching loss of the nutrients by applying the biochar to the soil, and can also be used as a natural nitrogen fertilizer slow-release agent.
The bio-organic fertilizer and the biochar have important roles in agricultural development, the production of the bio-organic fertilizer needs to be carried out in a high-temperature environment, the preparation of the biochar releases a large amount of heat, and the bio-organic fertilizer and the biochar are produced separately in the existing production, so that the waste of a large amount of energy is caused.
In addition, in the prior art, when the biochar is prepared, a carbonization furnace is mostly used for carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking granulation on materials and then directly discharging the materials, and because the temperature of a carbonization area is 400-600 ℃, the prepared biochar has high temperature, and the biochar can be re-combusted due to the fact that the biochar is directly discharged and contacts with air, the biochar is damaged, the yield is reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency in the later period is influenced. At present, the known cooling of the biochar adopts natural cooling, the biochar needs more than 20 hours from 400-600 ℃ to room temperature, even days in summer, as the biochar needs to be heated to more than 500 ℃ to generate dry distillation gas during dry distillation, and the prepared biochar is oxidized and heated during the cooling process, so the temperature is difficult to reduce, and the operation causes the production to be discontinuous, thereby reducing the production efficiency.
Moreover, HCN and SO can be generated in the preparation process of the biochar2、NH3、NOXWhen harmful gas is generated, the waste gas generated in the prior production is absorbed and treated by a spray tower, the spray tower is equipment for protecting the environment and purifying the waste gas, toxic and harmful substances contained in the waste gas can be absorbed and eliminated, and the aim of quickly purifying the waste gas is fulfilled mainly by the spray tower by utilizing the principles of acid-base reaction and redox. But the biochar can also generate CH in the preparation process4、H2And CO and the like, and the existing tail gas is directly discharged after being washed by water and reaching the discharge standard, so that the part of combustible gas is wasted.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a charcoal-fertilizer co-production system which can reasonably and fully utilize energy, can forcibly cool the prepared biochar and realize continuous production.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is:
a carbon-fertilizer co-production system comprises a carbonization furnace, an organic fertilizer fermentation tank and a tail gas treatment system; the bottom of the carbonization furnace is provided with a bracket, the top and the bottom of the carbonization furnace are respectively provided with a first feed inlet and a first discharge outlet, the lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is provided with an ignition mechanism for smoldering the material, the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is also provided with a discharge mechanism for pushing the material to be conveyed downwards and crushing the material into particles, and the side wall of the carbonization furnace corresponding to the ignition mechanism is provided with a ventilation port;
the method is characterized in that:
the bottom of the carbonization furnace is provided with a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar; the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber and a water cooling auger; the oil cooling chamber is fixed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the side wall of the oil cooling chamber, and the first discharge port penetrates through the oil cooling chamber; the water-cooling packing auger is obliquely and upwards arranged, a second feeding hole which is upwards connected with the first discharging hole is formed in the side wall of the lower end of the water-cooling packing auger, a second discharging hole which is downwards is formed in the side wall of the upper end of the water-cooling packing auger, a packing auger shaft used for driving materials to be conveyed to the second discharging hole is arranged in the water-cooling packing auger, a shell of the water-cooling packing auger is of a double-layer structure, a water-cooling interlayer is formed between an inner shell and an outer shell, and the water-cooling;
the organic fertilizer fermentation tank comprises a tank body, wherein a power assisting mechanism for stirring and supplying oxygen to the fertilizer is arranged on the central axis of the inner cavity of the tank body, the tank body is of a sandwich structure, a warming oil chamber is formed between the inner tank body and the outer tank body, and the warming oil chamber is connected with an oil outlet of an oil cooling chamber;
the tail gas treatment system comprises a water washing mechanism, a cyclone separator, a cooler, a water-gas separator and a gas collection tank which are sequentially connected in series, an air suction pump is arranged on a gas transmission pipeline in front of the gas collection tank, and the gas inlet end of the water washing mechanism is connected with a ventilation port of the carbonization furnace and an exhaust port at the top of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the water-cooling interlayer is axially divided into an upper interlayer and a lower interlayer by a partition plate, and the upper end and the lower end of each interlayer are equally provided with a water inlet and a water outlet which are connected with the cooling tower.
The further technical scheme is as follows: ignition mechanism includes that the hoop equipartition is fixed in a plurality of some firearms on retort lower part inner wall, locates the temperature sensor in the retort lower part and the first controller of peripheral hardware, the signal input part of first controller connects temperature sensor, and the aspiration pump is connected to the control output.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and the ventilation port is provided with an electronic flow valve capable of adjusting the size of the opening, and the control output end of the first controller is also connected with the electronic flow valve.
The further technical scheme is as follows: assist drive device is including the central siphon that is hollow structure, the upper and lower both ends of central siphon all with the help of bearing and jar body rotatable coupling, the one end of central siphon is connected with the driving motor who drives its rotation, the inner chamber of central siphon is external to have the oxygen supply pipe, be fixed with the rabbling arm that a plurality of levels set up on the lateral wall of central siphon, the rabbling arm is the triangle-shaped structure, including two crushing boards that are the acute angle fixed, the junction of two crushing boards forms broken sword and sets up towards the rotatory the place ahead of rabbling arm, the rabbling arm internal fixation has the gas distribution pipe with the central siphon inner chamber intercommunication, detachable is fixed with a plurality of air nozzles on the gas distribution pipe, the free end of air nozzle is located the rabbling arm and sets up towards the rotatory rear of rabbling arm, the internal fixation of air nozzle has waterproof ventilated membrane.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the stirring arm further comprises a protection plate with air holes, and the protection plate is detachably fixed between the two crushing plates.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the water washing mechanism comprises a water storage tank and a spray tower, the spray tower is provided with a primary spray tower and a secondary spray tower which are connected in series, and the inlet end of the primary spray tower receives the biochar preparation tail gas; the bottom of each spray tower is hollow and is erected in the water storage tank; each spray tower is internally provided with at least two groups of water washing units which are positioned above the air inlet and are arranged at intervals up and down, each water washing unit comprises a packing layer and a spray pipe above the packing layer, and the spray pipe is communicated with the water storage tank through a water suction pump; at least twice spout has been seted up to circumference equidistance on the inner wall of one-level spray tower lower part, in one-level spray tower below be fixed with on the packing layer with spout assorted slider, the lateral wall of one-level spray tower is improved level and is fixed with the cylinder that corresponds with the slider, run through the lateral wall of one-level spray tower behind the cylinder pole extension of cylinder to it supports it to be located the slider below, the gas outlet of one-level spray tower is equipped with gas flow sensor, gas flow sensor and cylinder are connected respectively in the signal input part and the control output part of a second controller.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the upper portion of tank inner wall is fixed with the filter screen, the inlet tube of suction pump is located the below of filter screen, the bottom of spray column is located the top of filter screen.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
in the carbon-fertilizer co-production system, cooling oil which absorbs heat and is heated in a cooling mechanism during the preparation of the biochar is injected into a heating oil chamber of an organic fertilizer fermentation tank to provide a high-temperature environment for the fermentation of biomass, so that the heat energy is fully utilized.
The tail gas treatment system is additionally provided with a combustible gas recovery part, and through the arrangement of the cyclone separator, the cooler and the water-gas separator, water gas in the water washing process can be removed, and high-temperature gas can be cooled, so that the dryness and efficient storage of the combustible gas generated in the biochar preparation process are ensured, and the biochar preparation value is improved; in addition, the tail gas treatment system is also connected with an organic fertilizer fermentation tank so as to treat combustible gas, such as CH, generated in the fermentation process4And CO is recovered, so that the aim of recycling energy is fulfilled.
The biochar preparation process is provided with a cooling mechanism for forced cooling, and the cooling mechanism at least comprises two-stage cooling. After carbonization, firstly arranging an oil cooling chamber around the discharge port, and rapidly cooling to below 200 ℃ by using cooling oil in the flowing process of discharge; and then the water-cooling packing auger is used for circulating water cooling, so that on one hand, the conveying time and the conveying stroke of the biochar through the water-cooling packing auger are longer, and the water-cooling time is prolonged, and on the other hand, the biochar is continuously stirred in the water-cooling packing auger through an auger shaft, so that the biochar can be fully and uniformly contacted with the water-cooling interlayer. Can effectually guarantee through the two-stage cooling that the biochar ejection of compact back can not reburn with the air, effectively guarantee the quality of biochar, and utilize this biochar preparation facilities can carry out system charcoal production in succession, improved production efficiency.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbonization furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stirring arm according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle-level spray tower of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by the skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from the specific details set forth herein, and one skilled in the art may similarly generalize the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a carbon-fertilizer co-production system includes a carbonization furnace 10, an organic fertilizer fermentation tank 20, and a tail gas treatment system.
The carbonization furnace 10 is used for thermally cracking the biomass at high temperature in an anaerobic or anoxic environment to obtain biochar particles. The bottom of the carbonization furnace 10 is provided with a support, the top and the bottom of the carbonization furnace 10 are respectively provided with a first feeding hole 101 and a first discharging hole 102, the lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace 10 is provided with an ignition mechanism for smoldering materials, and the ignition mechanism provides required heat for preparing biochar but does not generate open fire, so that biomass is in a smoldering state. A discharging mechanism for pushing the materials to be conveyed downwards and stirring the materials into particles is further arranged in the carbonization furnace 10, and a ventilation opening 103 is formed in the side wall of the carbonization furnace 10 corresponding to the ignition mechanism.
The interior of the furnace chamber of the carbonization furnace 10 can be divided into a drying zone, a preheating zone and a carbonization zone from top to bottom due to different temperatures, and the ignition mechanism is arranged in the carbonization zone. In the process of charcoal making, new biomass is continuously added into the carbonization furnace 10 along with the discharge of the biochar. The biomass enters the furnace through the first feeding hole 101, continuously moves downwards along with the pushing of the discharging mechanism, sequentially passes through the drying zone and the preheating zone, finally reaches the carbonization zone with the highest temperature for carbonization, and is made into biochar particles along with the crushing and high-temperature cracking of the discharging mechanism, and is discharged through the first discharging hole 102.
In order to prevent the discharged biochar from being reburned after contacting with air, a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar is arranged at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 10; the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber 104 and a water cooling packing auger 105; the oil cooling chamber 104 is fixed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 10, an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the side wall of the oil cooling chamber, and the first discharge port 102 penetrates through the oil cooling chamber 104; the slope of water-cooling auger 105 upwards sets up, has the second feed inlet 106 that upwards and be connected with first discharge gate 102 on the lateral wall of its lower extreme, has decurrent second discharge gate 107 on the lateral wall of its upper end, and its inside auger axle that is used for driving the material and carries to second discharge gate 107 that has, water-cooling auger 105's casing is bilayer structure, forms water-cooling intermediate layer 108 between inside and outside shell body, water-cooling intermediate layer 108 is connected with water cooling plant to form the circulative cooling return circuit. In the device, a cooling tower is adopted as a water cooling device, the auger belongs to the existing equipment and is used for conveying materials, a helical blade is arranged on an auger shaft, two ends of the helical blade are rotatably connected with the inner wall of a shell through bearings, one end of the helical blade is connected with a motor for driving the helical blade to rotate, and the motor is fixed with the shell through a motor frame.
The biochar preparation process is provided with a cooling mechanism for forced cooling, and the cooling mechanism at least comprises two-stage cooling. After carbonization, firstly arranging an oil cooling chamber 104 around the discharge port, and rapidly cooling to below 200 ℃ by using cooling oil in the flowing process of discharge; and then the water-cooling packing auger 105 is used for circulating water cooling, so that on one hand, the conveying time and the conveying stroke of the biochar through the water-cooling packing auger 105 are longer, and the water-cooling time is prolonged, and on the other hand, the biochar is continuously stirred in the water-cooling packing auger 105 through an auger shaft, so that the biochar can be fully and uniformly contacted with the water-cooling interlayer 108. Can effectually guarantee through the two-stage cooling that the biochar ejection of compact back can not reburn with the air, effectively guarantee the quality of biochar, and utilize this biochar preparation facilities can carry out system charcoal production in succession, improved production efficiency.
In addition, the water-cooling packing auger 105 also plays a role in lifting and conveying materials, a collecting device for collecting the biochar can be placed at the second discharge port 107, and compared with the mode that the biochar is directly discharged from the lower first discharge port 102, the operation of transporting the biochar is omitted, and the labor is saved.
The organic fertilizer fermentation tank comprises a tank body, wherein a feed inlet 206 and a discharge outlet 207 are arranged at the top and the bottom of the tank body, the tank body is fed or discharged through the feed inlet 206 and the discharge outlet 207, a valve is arranged on the feed inlet, the feed inlet is closed after feeding is completed, an openable and closable sealing plate is arranged at the discharge outlet 207, the sealing plate is opened when discharging is removed, and the sealing plate is closed in other time. The central axis of the inner cavity of the tank body is provided with a power-assisted mechanism for stirring and supplying oxygen for the fertilizer, the tank body is of a sandwich structure, a warming oil chamber 201 is formed between the inner tank body and the outer tank body, and the warming oil chamber 201 is connected with an oil outlet of the oil cooling chamber 104. The cooling oil which absorbs heat and is heated in the cooling mechanism during the preparation of the biochar is injected into the heating oil chamber 201 of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank 20 to provide a high-temperature environment for the fermentation of biomass, so that the heat energy is fully utilized, and the fermentation is started.
The tail gas treatment system comprises a water washing mechanism 301, a cyclone separator 302, a cooler 303, a water-gas separator 304 and a gas collecting tank 305 which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an air suction pump 306 is arranged on a gas pipeline in front of the gas collecting tank 305, the cooler 303 is a plate cooler 303 and utilizes air circulation to realize cooling, the air inlet end of the water washing mechanism 301 is connected with a scavenging port 103 of the carbonization furnace 10 and an exhaust port at the top of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank, and gas can smoothly flow through each treatment device by the aid of the air suction pump 306 and is finally stored in the gas collecting tank 305.
When the tail gas treatment system is used for treating tail gas in the preparation process of the biochar:
firstly, tail gas is discharged from a preparation tank and enters a water washing mechanism 301, and the water washing mechanism 301 is mainly used for removing harmful gas in the gas and cooling the gas by water to a certain extent;
secondly, the gas after being washed by the water washing mechanism 301 contains a large amount of water vapor and combustible gas, the gas enters the cyclone separator 302 from the gas outlet of the water washing mechanism 301, liquid drops in the gas flow are separated by centrifugal force, and the separated liquid drops are discharged from the lower part;
thirdly, because the temperature in the process of preparing the biochar is between 400 ℃ and 600 ℃, a large amount of water vapor is also mixed in the gas discharged by the cyclone separator 302, and the gas enters the cooler 303 from the gas discharge port of the cyclone separator 302, so that the water vapor is condensed, and the gas-liquid separation is realized. The purpose of the cooler 303 is primarily to further remove water vapor from the gas and also to cool the gas to reduce its expanded volume.
And fourthly, the gas is treated by the cooler 303 and then enters a water-gas separator 304 for further water-gas separation treatment so as to ensure the dryness of the combustible gas. Therein, the moisture separator 304 may comprise two or more in series.
And a fifth step of storing the treated combustible gas in the gas collection tank 305, wherein the gas is dry and has a low temperature, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the gas collection tank 305 to ensure the safety of the internal pressure.
In addition, the tail gas treatment system is also connected with an exhaust port at the top of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas in the organic fertilizer fermentation process can be dissolved into acid leacheate to be converted into fertilizer nutrients, meanwhile, methane, carbon monoxide and the like generated in the organic fertilizer fermentation process can be collected and collected into a gas collection tank 305 as combustible gas, and the cyclone separator 302 cooler 303 and the water-gas separator 304 are used for the organic fertilizer fermentation tank 20, so that the purpose of recycling energy is achieved.
In order to further improve the water cooling effect, the water cooling interlayer 108 is axially divided into an upper interlayer and a lower interlayer by a partition plate so as to ensure the water cooling temperature and improve the cooling effect on the biochar, and the upper end and the lower end of each interlayer are equally provided with a water inlet 109 and a water outlet 110 which are connected with a cooling tower. In the process, the water in the water-cooling interlayer 108 is in a continuous circulation state, the cooling water after absorbing heat is discharged from the water outlet 110 and enters the cooling tower, and the cooling water cooled by the cooling tower enters the water-cooling interlayer 108 from the water inlet 109 to complete the circulation cooling.
Ignition mechanism includes that the hoop equipartition is fixed in a plurality of some firearm 111 on retort 10 lower part inner wall, locate the temperature sensor in retort 10 lower part and the first controller of peripheral hardware, the signal input part of first controller connects temperature sensor, and the control output connects aspiration pump 306. A circulating air passage can be formed between the ventilation opening 103 and the first feeding opening 101, the signal input end of the first controller is connected with a temperature sensor, and the control output end of the first controller is connected with the air pump 306. Through the regulation and control of the air pump 306, the materials can be ensured not to be burnt by open fire under the condition of ensuring the aerobic entering of the carbonization zone. Specifically, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization zone is too high, in order to avoid open flame combustion of the material, the first controller can reduce the rotating speed of the air suction pump 306, reduce the ventilation volume and enable the carbonization zone to be in a smoldering state all the time. On the contrary, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization zone is too low, in order to ensure that the carbonization zone can carry out smoldering carbonization, the first controller can control the rotating speed of the air pump 306 to be increased, and the ventilation volume is increased. Through the regulation to the ventilation volume, can effectively guarantee going on smoothly to biomass carbonization.
In order to further improve the accuracy of ventilation regulation, an electronic flow valve 112 capable of adjusting the size of the opening is arranged on the ventilation port 103, and the control output end of the first controller is also connected with the electronic flow valve 112. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization area is too high, the first controller can regulate and control the opening of the electronic flow valve 112 to be small, otherwise, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the carbonization area is too low, the first controller can regulate and control the opening of the electronic flow valve 112 to be large, and the ventilation volume can be accurately regulated through the coordinated control of the electronic flow valve 112 and the air suction pump 306.
In addition, in order to promote experimental research and provide more effective reference values for the preparation of the biochar, a flow meter is arranged on the ventilation port 103, so that effective relation between the intake air volume and the temperature is obtained.
Discharge mechanism includes ejection of compact motor 113 and (mixing) shaft 114, the vertical center of locating retort 10 of (mixing) shaft 114 to with the help of bearing and retort 10 rotatable coupling, be fixed with helical blade on the (mixing) shaft 114, the lower extreme of (mixing) shaft 114 runs through oil cooling chamber 104 and is fixed with the output shaft of ejection of compact motor 113 with the help of the shaft coupling. Through ejection of compact motor 113 drive (mixing) shaft 114 rotation, utilize rotatory helical blade, can realize the propulsion downwards to the material on the one hand, on the other hand can carry out the breakage to the material and form the particulate matter. The working principle of the screw conveyer is the same as that of a packing auger.
The power-assisted mechanism comprises a middle shaft tube 202 in a hollow structure, the upper end and the lower end of the middle shaft tube 202 are rotatably connected with the tank body through bearings, one end of the central shaft tube 202 is connected with a driving motor 203 for driving the central shaft tube 202 to rotate, an oxygen supply tube 204 is externally connected to the inner cavity of the central shaft tube 202, a plurality of horizontally arranged stirring arms 205 are fixed on the side wall of the central shaft tube 202, the stirring arms 205 are in a triangular structure and comprise two crushing plates 2051 which are fixed at an acute angle, the joint of the two crushing plates 2051 forms a crushing edge and is arranged towards the front of the rotation of the stirring arms 205, a gas distribution pipe 2052 communicated with the inner cavity of the central shaft pipe 202 is fixed in the stirring arm 205, a plurality of air nozzles 2053 are detachably fixed on the air distribution pipe 2052, the free ends of the air nozzles 2053 are positioned in the stirring arm 205 and are arranged towards the rear part of the rotation of the stirring arm 205, and a waterproof air-permeable film 2054 is fixed in the air nozzles 2053.
When this fermentation cylinder is carrying out fertilizer fermentation use, the bucket feed inlet drops into suitable material to the internal of jar, then starts driving motor 203 and makes central siphon 202 drive the stirring arm 205 rotatory, stirs the material, and meanwhile, oxygen supply pipe 204 external high-pressure air-blower or oxygen supply pump provide oxygen to central siphon 202 to make after stirring arm 205 relaxes the windrow, air nozzle 2053 is jet-propelled to the rotatory rear of stirring arm 205, makes oxygen aerify and melt into in the windrow. In the fermentation process, in order to ensure the pressure balance in the fermentation tank, gas generated in the fermentation can be discharged from the feed inlet. After the fermentation is accomplished in a certain time, close assist drive device, open the shrouding on the discharge gate, make the fertilizer that ferments discharge from the discharge gate, for making the fermentation accomplish the back row material smooth and easy, discharge gate 207 slope sets up downwards, be fixed with electromagnetic shaker 208 on the discharge gate 207, start electromagnetic shaker 208 when arranging the material, be favorable to the discharge of fertilizer.
The air nozzle 2053 of this fermentation tank mainly can prevent to block up through following structure to guarantee the effective oxygen suppliment to the windrow among the fermentation process, so that the fermentation high efficiency goes on:
firstly, the stirring arm 205 is in a triangular structure, and as the stirring arm 205 enters the stack, the stack is pressurized to the upper side and the lower side by utilizing the structure expanded at the rear part of the stirring arm 205, so that a space is reserved for the air injection of the air injection nozzle 2053, and the direct contact between the air injection nozzle 2053 and the stack can be avoided;
secondly, the air nozzle 2053 is completely arranged inside the stirring arm 205, and the air nozzle 2053 can be protected by the stirring arm 205 to avoid direct contact with stockpile;
thirdly, a waterproof breathable film 2054 is arranged on the air nozzle 2053, the waterproof breathable film 2054 is an existing product and is mostly used for medical equipment, once the stockpile enters the stirring arm 205, the waterproof breathable film 2054 can block the stockpile and prevent the stockpile from further entering the air nozzle 2053 to block the air nozzle 2053;
fourth, the air nozzle 2053 and the gas distribution pipe 2052 adopt a detachable connection mode, such as threaded connection or clamping connection, and after being used for a period of time, the air nozzle 2053 can be detached for cleaning and maintenance so as to ensure that the effective gas injection of the air nozzle 2053 supplies oxygen to the stockpile.
In this fermentation tank, the connecting portion of the two crushing plates 2051 is formed as a crushing blade and is provided toward the front side of the rotation of the stirring arm 205, so that the material pile can be divided by the crushing blade, thereby reducing the resistance to the rotation of the stirring arm 205. And the two crushing plates 2051 are connected in an acute angle, so that effective division of stockpiles can be ensured.
To further prevent the air nozzles 2053 from being blocked by the material, the stirring arm 205 also comprises a protection plate with air holes, which is detachably fixed between the two breaker plates 2051, i.e. behind the air nozzles 2053.
The water washing mechanism 301 comprises a water storage pool 3011 and a spray tower, the spray tower is provided with a primary spray tower 3012 and a secondary spray tower 3013 which are connected in series, and the inlet end of the primary spray tower 3012 receives the biochar preparation tail gas. The bottom of each spray tower is hollowed and erected in the water storage pool 3011, specifically, a plurality of angle irons are circumferentially fixed on the side wall of the lower portion of each spray tower, and the angle irons are clamped on the top of the side wall of the water storage pool 3011. At least two groups of water washing units are arranged above the air inlet and at intervals up and down in each spray tower, each water washing unit comprises a packing layer 3014 and a spray pipe 3015 above the packing layer 3014, and the spray pipe 3015 is communicated with the water storage tank 3011 through a water suction pump. Water in the water storage tank 3011 is pumped into each spray pipe 3015 through a water pump, the spray pipes 3015 spray water to the packing layer 3014 below, and the liquid after washing flows back to the water storage tank 3011 from the bottom of the tower body, and the washing mode is the prior art.
In order to prevent the problem of production stop caused by the blockage of a filler in the water washing process, at least two sliding grooves 3016 are formed in the inner wall of the lower portion of the primary spray tower 3012 in the circumferential direction at equal intervals, a sliding block 3017 matched with the sliding grooves 3016 is fixed on the packing layer 3014 below the primary spray tower 3012, a cylinder 3018 corresponding to the sliding block 3017 is horizontally fixed on the side wall of the primary spray tower 3012, a cylinder rod of the cylinder 3018 penetrates through the side wall of the primary spray tower 3012 after being extended and is located below the sliding block 3017 to support the cylinder 3017, a gas flow sensor 3019 is arranged at a gas outlet of the primary spray tower 3012, and the gas flow sensor 3019 and the cylinder 3018 are respectively connected to a signal input end and a control output end of a second controller.
In the water washing process, the exhaust amount of the primary spray tower 3012 is monitored by the gas flow sensor 3019, and the monitored signal is transmitted to the second controller, once the exhaust amount is reduced, it proves that the filter layer at the bottommost of the primary spray tower 3012 is blocked, the second controller controls the cylinder 3018 to shrink, the support of the cylinder rod on the filter layer is withdrawn, and the filter layer slides out of the tower body along the chute 3016 and falls into the water storage tank 3011. Thereby realize in the mechanism 301 that will wash, the filter layer and the tower body swing joint of the one-level spray column 3012 bottommost that is blocked up by the particulate matter, in case it is blockked up, then abandoned, the filter layer that falls simultaneously is more easily found by operating personnel, has avoided frequent periodic investigation, as long as wait to produce after accomplishing to change the filter layer of this department again can. And the spray tower is arranged into two stages in series, so that the subsequent packing layer 3014 can be effectively washed by water, and smooth and effective production is not affected.
Wherein, the first controller and the second controller can be integrated into a PLC-based programmable logic controller.
A filter screen 3010 is fixed on the upper part of the inner wall of the water storage tank 3011, the water inlet pipe of the water suction pump is positioned below the filter screen 3010, and the bottom of the spray tower is positioned above the filter screen 3010. The filter screen 3010 is arranged to separate solid impurities from the sprayed liquid, so that the circulating spray liquid is kept clean. In addition, the filter screen 3010 can also intercept the dropped packing layer 3014 for discovery and fishing by an operator.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any person can make some simple modifications, deformations and equivalent replacements according to the present invention, all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A carbon-fertilizer co-production system comprises a carbonization furnace (10), an organic fertilizer fermentation tank (20) and a tail gas treatment system; the bottom of the carbonization furnace (10) is provided with a support, the top and the bottom of the carbonization furnace (10) are respectively provided with a first feeding hole (101) and a first discharging hole (102), the lower part of the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace (10) is provided with an ignition mechanism for smoldering materials, the inner cavity of the carbonization furnace is also provided with a discharging mechanism for pushing the materials to be conveyed downwards and crushing the materials into particles, and the side wall of the carbonization furnace (10) corresponding to the ignition mechanism is provided with a scavenging port (103);
the method is characterized in that:
the bottom of the carbonization furnace (10) is provided with a cooling mechanism for cooling the prepared biochar; the cooling mechanism comprises an oil cooling chamber (104) and a water cooling packing auger (105); the oil cooling chamber (104) is fixed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace (10), an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the side wall of the oil cooling chamber, and the first discharge hole (102) penetrates through the oil cooling chamber (104); the water-cooling packing auger (105) is obliquely and upwards arranged, a second feeding hole (106) which is upwards connected with the first discharging hole (102) is formed in the side wall of the lower end of the water-cooling packing auger (105), a second discharging hole (107) which is downwards is formed in the side wall of the upper end of the water-cooling packing auger, a packing auger shaft used for driving materials to be conveyed to the second discharging hole (107) is arranged in the water-cooling packing auger (105), the shell of the water-cooling packing auger (105) is of a double-layer structure, a water-cooling interlayer (108) is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell;
the organic fertilizer fermentation tank (20) comprises a tank body, wherein a power assisting mechanism for stirring fertilizer and supplying oxygen to the fertilizer is arranged on the central axis of the inner cavity of the tank body, the tank body is of a sandwich structure, a warming oil chamber (201) is formed between the inner tank body and the outer tank body, and the warming oil chamber (201) is connected with an oil outlet of the oil cooling chamber (104);
the tail gas treatment system comprises a water washing mechanism (301), a cyclone separator (302), a cooler (303), a water-gas separator (304) and a gas collecting tank (305) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an air suction pump (306) is arranged on a gas pipeline in front of the gas collecting tank (305), and the air inlet end of the water washing mechanism (301) is connected with a ventilation port (103) of the carbonization furnace (10) and an exhaust port at the top of the organic fertilizer fermentation tank.
2. The carbon-fertilizer co-production system of claim 1, wherein: the water-cooling interlayer (108) is axially divided into an upper interlayer and a lower interlayer by a partition plate, and the upper end and the lower end of each interlayer are equally provided with a water inlet (109) and a water outlet (110) which are connected with the cooling tower.
3. The carbon-fertilizer co-production system of claim 1, wherein: ignition mechanism includes that the hoop equipartition is fixed in a plurality of some firearm (111) on retort (10) lower part inner wall, locates the temperature sensor in retort (10) lower part and the first controller of peripheral hardware, temperature sensor is connected to the signal input part of first controller, and aspiration pump (306) are connected to the control output.
4. A carbon-fertilizer co-production system according to claim 3, wherein: and an electronic flow valve (112) capable of adjusting the size of the opening is arranged on the scavenging port (103), and the control output end of the first controller is also connected with the electronic flow valve (112).
5. The carbon-fertilizer co-production system of claim 1, wherein: assist drive device is including central siphon (202) that is hollow structure, the upper and lower both ends of central siphon (202) all with the help of bearing and jar body rotatable coupling, the one end of central siphon (202) is connected with its rotatory driving motor (203) of drive, the outer oxygen supply pipe (204) that has of inner chamber of central siphon (202), be fixed with stirring arm (205) that a plurality of levels set up on the lateral wall of central siphon (202), stirring arm (205) are the triangle-shaped structure, are two crushing boards (2051) that are the acute angle fixed, and the junction of two crushing boards (2051) forms broken sword and sets up towards the rotatory place ahead of stirring arm (205), stirring arm (205) internal fixation has the gas distribution pipe (2052) with central siphon (202) inner chamber intercommunication, detachable is fixed with a plurality of air nozzles (2053) on gas distribution pipe (2052), the free end of air nozzle (2053) is located stirring arm (205) and sets up towards the rotatory rear of stirring arm (205), a waterproof breathable film (2054) is fixed in the air nozzle (2053).
6. A carbon-fertilizer co-production system according to claim 5, wherein: the stirring arm (205) further comprises a protection plate with air holes, and the protection plate is detachably fixed between the two crushing plates (2051).
7. The carbon-fertilizer co-production system of claim 1, wherein: the water washing mechanism (301) comprises a water storage tank (3011) and a spray tower, the spray tower is provided with a primary spray tower (3012) and a secondary spray tower (3013) which are connected in series, and the inlet end of the primary spray tower (3012) receives biochar preparation tail gas; the bottom of each spray tower is hollow and is erected in a water storage tank (3011); each spray tower is internally provided with at least two groups of water washing units which are positioned above the air inlet and are arranged at intervals up and down, each water washing unit comprises a packing layer (3014) and a spray pipe (3015) above the packing layer, and the spray pipe (3015) is communicated with a water storage tank (3011) through a water suction pump; at least two spouts (3016) have been seted up to circumference equidistance on the inner wall of one-level spray tower (3012) lower part, in one-level spray tower (3012) below be fixed with on packing layer (3014) with spout (3016) assorted slider (3017), level is fixed with cylinder (3018) that correspond with slider (3017) on the lateral wall of one-level spray tower (3012), the lateral wall that runs through one-level spray tower (3012) after the cylinder pole extension of cylinder (3018) to lie in slider (3017) below and support it, the gas outlet of one-level spray tower (3012) is equipped with gas flow sensor (3019), gas flow sensor (3019) and cylinder (3018) are connected respectively in the signal input part and the control output of a second controller.
8. A carbon-fertilizer co-production system according to claim 7, wherein: the upper portion of tank (3011) inner wall is fixed with filter screen (3010), the inlet tube of suction pump is located the below of filter screen (3010), the bottom of spray column is located the top of filter screen (3010).
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| CN110669537A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-10 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Carbon-fertilizer co-production system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110669537A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-10 | 河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所 | Carbon-fertilizer co-production system |
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Address after: 050051 No. 598 Heping West Road, Hebei, Shijiazhuang Patentee after: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT, HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES Country or region after: China Patentee after: Hebei Jiuzhi Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Hebei Aichuan Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 050051 No. 598 Heping West Road, Hebei, Shijiazhuang Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT, HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES Country or region before: China Patentee before: HEBEI JIUZHI AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Hebei Aichuan Technology Co.,Ltd. |