CN210723237U - Cold starting device for fuel cell - Google Patents
Cold starting device for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN210723237U CN210723237U CN201921972858.9U CN201921972858U CN210723237U CN 210723237 U CN210723237 U CN 210723237U CN 201921972858 U CN201921972858 U CN 201921972858U CN 210723237 U CN210723237 U CN 210723237U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
A cold starting device for a fuel cell is provided, wherein a first air path system, a second air path system and a heating assembly are all controlled by a central control system. During cold start, the first air path system heats the cathode of the fuel cell stack by generating heat through compressed air, the second air path system dynamically conveys hydrogen to the fuel cell stack for oxyhydrogen reaction to release heat, and meanwhile, the heating assembly receives a power supply signal to heat; in addition, adopt air and hydrogen to sweep the system simultaneously when shutting down in order to weather residual moisture to judge whether humidity in the system has reached the requirement through monitoring internal resistance value condition of rising, thereby control stops sweeping, creates the condition for next cold start.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cell, especially, relate to a cold starting drive of fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a clean energy technology, has good economic benefit and social benefit, is widely applied to the industries of medium and small power stations, electric vehicles, standby power supplies and the like, and has wide application prospect. The working performance of the fuel cell system is greatly related to the temperature, and the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell stack is 40-60 ℃. When the temperature of the external environment is too low, the fuel cell needs a long time to achieve the optimal working performance, and even the fuel cell system cannot be started normally due to the fact that water remained in the fuel cell system is condensed into ice to block a pipeline. At present, there are two common methods for cold start of fuel cells: the first method is to heat cooling water to realize low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell system, however, the method has low efficiency and long time consumption, which results in overlong cold start time and poor user experience; the second method is to realize low-temperature cold start by matching an external heat source heating system and an internal heat source heating system, but the method needs to consume more energy and is not beneficial to environmental protection.
Therefore, the traditional fuel cell cold start technical scheme has the problems of low efficiency and overlong cold start time.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a cold start device for a fuel cell, which aims to solve the problems of low efficiency and long cold start time in the conventional cold start technical solution for a fuel cell.
The utility model discloses a first aspect of the embodiment provides a cold starting drive of fuel cell, including the fuel cell galvanic pile, still include:
the first gas path system is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack and used for compressing air when receiving a first control signal so as to generate heat to heat the fuel cell stack and compressing the air and purging when receiving a second control signal;
the second gas path system is connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack and used for conveying hydrogen when receiving a third control signal so that the fuel cell stack performs hydrogen-oxygen reaction and outputs electric energy to be converted into a power supply signal, and conveying the hydrogen and purging when receiving a fourth control signal;
the heating component is used for generating heat when receiving the power supply signal so as to heat the fuel cell stack; and
the control circuit is used for monitoring the internal resistance value and the temperature value of the fuel cell stack in real time, outputting the first control signal and the third control signal when a cold start instruction is received, and controlling the heating assembly to receive the power supply signal until the temperature value reaches a preset temperature value required by cold start and the internal resistance value reaches a first preset resistance value required by cold start; and when a shutdown instruction is received, the second control signal and the fourth control signal are output until the internal resistance value is increased to a second preset resistance value.
When the cold starting device for the fuel cell is stopped and purged, the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack is changed by controlling the purging time, so that after purging is completed, the internal resistance value reaches a higher value, an advantage is created for the next cold starting process, the fuel cell stack generates more heat, and the cold starting heating process is quickened to be completed.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the internal resistance detection component is connected with the fuel cell stack and used for detecting the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack in real time and feeding back the internal resistance value to the central control system.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the temperature detection assembly is connected with the fuel cell stack and used for detecting the temperature value of the fuel cell stack in real time and feeding the temperature value back to the central control system.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the direct current conversion component is connected with the fuel cell stack, the first air path system, the heating component and the central control system and is used for outputting the power supply signal to the heating component or supplying power to the first air path system after correspondingly performing direct current-direct current conversion on the electric energy according to the electrifying instruction output by the central control system.
The direct current conversion assembly is controlled by a central control system, and after the electric energy output by the fuel cell stack is subjected to voltage boosting treatment or voltage reduction treatment, the first air circuit system and/or the heating assembly are/is powered to ensure that cold start is smoothly carried out.
Further, the first air circuit system includes:
the humidifier comprises an air compressor, a first electromagnetic valve, a humidifier and an air manifold;
the air compressor is communicated with the humidifier through the air manifold, the first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air manifold, and the humidifier is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack;
the air compressor is used for working according to the first control signal or the second control signal so as to compress air;
the air manifold is used for conveying compressed air to the humidifier, so that the air enters the fuel cell stack through the humidifier to heat the fuel cell stack or purge the air manifold and the fuel cell stack.
The first air path system heats the fuel cell stack by compressing air through the air compressor to generate heat, and the compressed air is utilized for purging when the fuel cell stack is stopped and purged, so that the influence of freezing of residual moisture in a low-temperature environment on next cold start is avoided. The first electromagnetic valve is opened in the shutdown purging process and the cold starting process, and is closed after the cold starting is finished.
Further, the second air path system includes:
a second solenoid valve, a hydrogen manifold and a hydrogen generator;
the second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the hydrogen manifold, and the hydrogen generator is communicated with the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen manifold;
the hydrogen generator is used for generating and outputting hydrogen when receiving the second control signal or the fourth control signal, and the hydrogen manifold is used for delivering the hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack so as to provide hydrogen for hydrogen-oxygen reaction or purge the hydrogen manifold and the anode of the fuel cell stack.
The second gas path system sweeps through hydrogen when shutting down, lets in hydrogen when cold start in order to supply the oxyhydrogen reaction, because the internal resistance value of fuel cell galvanic pile has reached higher numerical value when shutting down to sweep last time, consequently produces and releases more heat when the fuel cell galvanic pile is put into effect for accomplish cold start process.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and the cooling system is connected with the first air path system and is used for cooling air and outputting the cooled air.
The cooling system has the function of cooling the air temperature after the cold start is finished.
Further, the heating assembly covers a pipe between the humidifier and a cathode of the fuel cell stack.
The heating assembly works in a cold starting process and a shutdown purging process, and the electric energy required by the work of the heating assembly is provided by the fuel cell stack and does not depend on an external power supply to work.
The technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages, during cold start, through first gas circuit system through the compressed air heat production to the negative pole of fuel cell pile heat, second gas circuit system moves the hydrogen of carrying out the oxyhydrogen reaction for the fuel cell pile and releases heat, heating element receives power signal simultaneously and generates heat, through the three heating process, heat fuel cell system especially fuel cell pile fast, make its temperature value and internal resistance all reach the required numerical value of realization cold start, thereby realize cold start rapidly in the short time, shortened the required time of cold start, high efficiency, and need not to increase outer heat source heating system, only self internal system can accomplish the heating process; in addition, when shutting down, adopt air and hydrogen to sweep the system simultaneously in order to weather remaining moisture to whether humidity in the judgement system has reached the requirement through the rising condition of monitoring internal resistance, thereby control stops sweeping, has effectively prevented that the device is inside to remain moisture and the jam that freezes, for the cold start creation condition of next time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an electrical schematic diagram of the fuel cell cold start apparatus shown in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment are shown, and detailed descriptions are as follows:
a cold start device of a fuel cell comprises a central control system 10, a first air path system 20, a second air path system 30, a heating assembly 40 and a fuel cell stack 50.
The first air path system 20 is connected to a cathode of the fuel cell stack 50, and is configured to compress air when receiving a first control signal, so as to generate heat to heat the fuel cell stack 50.
The first air path system 20 is further configured to compress air and purge the air when receiving the second control signal. The compressed air purge objects include the piping itself that carries the air and the cathodes of the fuel cell stack.
The second gas path system 30 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack 50, and is configured to deliver hydrogen when receiving a third control signal, so that the fuel cell stack 50 performs a hydrogen-oxygen reaction and outputs electric energy to be converted into a power signal. Specifically, the conversion operation of converting the electric energy into the power supply signal is performed by the dc conversion block 80 described below.
The second gas path system 30 is further configured to deliver hydrogen gas and purge the anode when receiving the fourth control signal. The hydrogen purging targets include the conduit itself that carries the hydrogen and the anode of the fuel cell stack.
The heating assembly 40 is used for generating heat when receiving a power signal to heat the fuel cell stack 50.
Specifically, the heating assembly 40 covers the pipe connecting the cathodes of the fuel cell stack 50, and keeps the covered portion warm to prevent moisture remaining in the pipe from freezing and clogging after shutdown, so that air cannot enter the pipe at the next cold start.
The central control system 10 is configured to monitor an internal resistance value and a temperature value of the fuel cell stack 50 in real time, output a first control signal and a third control signal when receiving a cold start instruction, and control the heating assembly 40 to receive a power signal until the temperature value reaches a preset temperature value required for cold start and the internal resistance value reaches a resistance value required for cold start.
In practical application, the preset temperature value required by cold start is 5 ℃, and the temperature value of the fuel cell stack required by cold start is greater than or equal to 5 ℃.
The central control system 10 is further configured to output a second control signal and a fourth control signal when receiving a shutdown instruction, so as to perform purging until the internal resistance value reaches a second preset resistance value.
Specifically, the central control system 10 is implemented by a single chip or a central controller, and is configured to comprehensively integrate parameters such as temperature, air flow, hydrogen flow, internal resistance, current value, and voltage value of the fuel cell system during cold start, and control the parameters in a software and hardware management manner.
Specifically, the fuel cell cold start device provided by the embodiment realizes a complete process of cold start, including two processes of shutdown purge and cold start heating.
In the cold start heating process, first gas circuit system 20 heats fuel cell pile 50's negative pole through compressed air production heat, second gas circuit system 30 moves and carries hydrogen in order to supply fuel cell pile 50 to carry out the oxyhydrogen reaction and release heat, heating element 40 receives electrical signal simultaneously and generates heat, through above-mentioned three heating process, heat fuel cell system especially fuel cell pile 50 fast, make its temperature value and internal resistance all reach the required numerical value of realization cold start, thereby realize the cold start rapidly in the short time, it is long when required to have shortened the cold start, high efficiency, and need not to increase outer heat source heating system, only self internal system can accomplish heating process.
The shutdown purging process is carried out after the fuel cell stack 50 is shut down, air and hydrogen are adopted to purge the system simultaneously to blow dry residual moisture, whether the humidity in the system meets the requirement is judged by monitoring the rising condition of the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50, and therefore purging is stopped under control, the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked due to icing inside the system when the ambient temperature is too low is effectively prevented, and conditions are created for the next cold start.
After the shutdown, moisture may remain in the fuel cell stack 50 and the pipeline connected to the fuel cell stack 50, and during the purging process of the remaining moisture, the humidity inside the system may change, and the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 may change correspondingly with the change of the humidity. Whether the internal resistance value is increased to the second preset resistance value or not is monitored in real time, purging time is effectively controlled, and residual moisture or overlong water purging time caused by too short purging time is avoided, so that energy is wasted.
In this embodiment, a relationship model between the internal resistance value and the humidity can be obtained through repeated tests.
In this embodiment, it is assumed that the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack 50 is R after the cold start is completed and during the normal operation of the fuel cell stack 50 and the system thereofV0If the second preset resistance is 2RV0The second preset resistance value is 5RV0. That is, at the time of shutdown purge, only when the internal resistance value reaches 5RV0When the central control system 10 controls to stop purging; during cold start, only when the internal resistance value reaches 2RV0And when the temperature value reaches the preset temperature value, finishing the cold start. The preset temperature value is 5 ℃.
When the purging is stopped, the purging time is controlled until the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 reaches 5RV0In the next cold start process, the fuel cell stack 50 can generate more heat due to the larger internal resistance of the fuel cell stack 50, thereby accelerating the completion of the cold start.
In order to realize the quick cold start of the fuel cell system in a low-temperature environment, firstly, the water inside the fuel cell stack 50 needs to be controlled when the fuel cell system is shut down, the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked due to the icing inside the system when the temperature is too low is prevented, and secondly, when the fuel cell system is in cold start, the heat generated by compressed air, and the electric energy and the heat energy generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack 50 simultaneously heat the fuel cell stack 50, so that the quick low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell system is realized. A portion of the electrical energy generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack 50 is converted into a power signal for the heating element, which generates heat to accelerate the completion of the cold start.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown, for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment are shown, and detailed descriptions are as follows:
in an optional embodiment, the above-mentioned cold start device for fuel cell further includes an internal resistance detection component 60, and the internal resistance detection component 60 is connected to the fuel cell stack 50, and is configured to detect an internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 in real time and feed the internal resistance value back to the central control system 10. Optionally, the internal resistance detecting assembly 60 is implemented by an internal resistance detector.
In an optional embodiment, the above-mentioned cold start device for fuel cell further includes a temperature detecting assembly 70, and the temperature detecting assembly 70 is connected to the fuel cell stack 50 and is used for detecting the temperature value of the fuel cell stack 50 in real time and feeding the temperature value back to the central control system 10.
In an optional embodiment, the above-mentioned cold start device for fuel cell further includes a temperature detecting assembly 70, and the temperature detecting assembly 70 is connected to the fuel cell stack 50 and is used for detecting the temperature value of the fuel cell stack 50 in real time and feeding the temperature value back to the central control system 10.
In an alternative embodiment, the cold start device for a fuel cell further includes a dc conversion assembly 80, and the dc conversion assembly 80 is connected to the fuel cell stack 50, the first air path system 20, the heating assembly 40, and the central control system 10.
The dc conversion assembly 80 is configured to perform dc-dc conversion on the electric energy of the fuel cell stack 50 according to the power-on command output by the central control system 10, and then output a power signal to the heating assembly 40 correspondingly, or supply power to the first air circuit system 20 correspondingly.
Specifically, the heating assembly 40 is connected to the dc conversion assembly, and the central control system 10 controls the dc conversion assembly 80 to convert the electric energy output by the fuel cell stack 50 into a power signal, and then outputs the power signal to the heating assembly 40, so that the heating assembly 40 generates heat, thereby insulating the pipeline connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50. The heating assembly 40 works after shutdown and during cold start, the pipeline is insulated during work after shutdown to avoid the pipeline blockage caused by icing of residual moisture, and the system temperature rise process is accelerated during work during cold start, so that the cold start time is shortened; after the cold start is complete, the heating assembly 40 is deactivated.
Optionally, the dc conversion assembly 80 is implemented by a first dc-dc converter DCDC 1.
Referring to fig. 3, an electrical schematic diagram of the cold start device of the fuel cell shown in fig. 2 is shown, for convenience of description, only the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, and the details are as follows:
in an alternative embodiment, the first air circuit system 20 includes an air compressor 201, a first solenoid valve 202, a humidifier 203, and an air manifold 204. Optionally, the first air circuit system 20 further includes a second dc-dc converter 206 (shown in fig. 3 as DCDC 2) and a dc power source 205.
The air compressor 201 is communicated with the humidifier 203 through an air manifold 204, the air manifold 204 is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 202, and the humidifier 203 is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50.
The air compressor 201 is configured to operate according to a first control signal or a second control signal to compress air. The air manifold 204 is used to deliver compressed air to the humidifier 203 so that the air enters the fuel cell stack 50 through the humidifier 203 to heat the fuel cell stack 50 or purge the air manifold 204 and the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50.
In the cold start process, the dc power supply 205 outputs a 24V dc signal to the second dc-dc converter 206, and the converted signal is output to the air compressor 201 to power the air compressor 201. The second dc-dc converter 206 is connected to the central control system 10, and during the cold start, the central control system 10 controls the second dc-dc converter 206 to work to supply power to the air compressor 201; after the cold start is completed or during the shutdown purging process, the air compressor 201 is powered by the first dc converter.
Specifically, the air compressor 201 is implemented using a high-speed centrifugal air suspension air compressor 201. The first electromagnetic valve 202 is in an open state during both the shutdown purge and the low-temperature cold start, so that the air manifold 204 delivers the air compressed by the air compressor 201 to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50 after passing through the humidifier 203. After the fuel cell system is cold started and enters a normal operation state, the first electromagnetic valve 202 is closed, and air compressed by the air compressor 201 is delivered to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50 through the cooling system 90 described below, so that the fuel cell stack 50 can perform an oxygen-hydrogen reaction.
In an alternative embodiment, the second air path system 30 includes a second solenoid valve 302, a hydrogen manifold 303, and a hydrogen generator 301.
The second electromagnetic valve 302 is disposed on a hydrogen manifold 303, and the hydrogen generator 301 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack 50 through the hydrogen manifold 303.
The hydrogen generator 301 is configured to generate and output hydrogen when receiving the second control signal or the fourth control signal, and the hydrogen manifold 303 delivers the hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack 50 to provide hydrogen for an oxyhydrogen reaction or purge the hydrogen manifold 303 and the anode of the fuel cell stack 50.
Specifically, during shutdown, after purging is complete, the second solenoid valve 302 is closed and no more hydrogen is delivered until it is opened again for the next cold start.
In an optional embodiment, the above-mentioned cold start device for a fuel cell further includes a cooling system 90, and the cooling system 90 is connected to the first air path system 20 and is configured to cool and output air.
Specifically, after the cold start process is completed, the first electromagnetic valve 202 is closed, the air compressed by the air compressor 201 is no longer delivered to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50 through the air manifold 204, the cooling system 90 is turned on and operates, and the air compressed by the air compressor 201 is delivered to the cathode of the fuel cell through the cooling system 90.
Optionally, cooling system 90 includes a third solenoid valve, an intercooler, and a cooling path air manifold 903.
Specifically, the third electromagnetic valve is disposed on the cooling path air manifold 903, one end of the cooling path air manifold 903 is connected to the air compressor 201, the other end of the cooling path air manifold 903 is connected to the humidifier 203, after the cold start process is completed, the first electromagnetic valve 202 is closed, the third electromagnetic valve is opened, and the air compressed by the air compressor 201 is output to the humidifier 203 through the cooling path air manifold 903 and is input to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50 by the humidifier 203.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating assembly 40 is implemented by using a heating belt, and the heating belt covers a pipeline between the humidifier 203 and the cathode of the fuel cell stack 50, that is, covers all pipelines between the outlet of the humidifier 203 and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 50, so that the heating belt keeps the temperature of the pipeline covered by the heating belt in the time from the completion of shutdown purging to the completion of the next cold start, and avoids icing and blockage when the temperature is too low.
In an optional embodiment, the central control system 10 is implemented by a single chip or a central controller FCCU. Optionally, the temperature detecting assembly 70 is implemented by a temperature sensor.
The operation principle and the operation process of the fuel cell cold start device provided in the present embodiment are described in detail below with reference to fig. 3.
When the fuel cell system is in normal operation, after the central controller FCCU receives the shutdown command, the central controller FCCU sends a command to the first dc-dc converter DCDC1 to supply power to the air compressor 201 through the fuel cell stack 50, at this time, the second dc-dc converter 206 is in a shutdown state, and the first dc-dc converter DCDC1 does not supply power to the heating belt. The cathode of the fuel cell is purged through air, and the anode of the fuel cell is purged through hydrogen, so that residual moisture in the fuel cell system and in a pipeline is fully purged.
At the start of the shutdown purge, the third solenoid valve between the air compressor 201 and the intercooler is first closed, and the first solenoid valve 202 on the air manifold 204 of the air compressor 201 to the humidifier 203 is opened. At this time, the compressed air from the air compressor 201 enters the humidifier 203 without passing through the intercooler, and then enters the inside of the fuel cell stack 50, and the hot air from the air compressor 201 is used to blow dry the residual moisture in the humidifier 203, the inside of the fuel cell stack 50, and the air passing through the pipes. Meanwhile, residual moisture in the anode of the fuel cell stack 50 and in the pipeline through which the hydrogen passes is fully purged by the hydrogen, so that all pipelines are prevented from being frozen and blocked at the temperature of minus 40 ℃.
During the whole purging process, the internal resistance value R of the fuel cell stack 50 is detected by the internal resistance detection component 60v1The time of purging is controlled by the change of (1), and assuming that the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 is R in the normal operation process of the fuel cell stack 50 and the system thereof after the cold start is completedV0When R is presentv1≥5Rv0When the purge is stopped, the central controller FCCU shuts down the entire fuel cell system.
After the purging is completed, the central controller FCCU controls the first dc-dc converter DCDC1 to supply power to the heating belt, so as to avoid icing and blocking due to too low temperature after shutdown, and influence on the next cold start process.
After the central controller FCCU receives the cold start instruction, the central controller FCCU controls the second dc-dc converter 206 to convert the 24V dc electrical signal output by the dc power supply 205 and then provide the electric power to the air compressor 201, at this time, the third electromagnetic valve located between the air compressor 201 and the intercooler is in a closed state, the first electromagnetic valve 202 located on the air manifold 204 of the air compressor 201 leading to the humidifier 203 is in an open state, the compressed air coming out of the air compressor 201 does not pass through the intercooler but completely enters the humidifier 203 through the air manifold 204 and then enters the fuel cell stack 50, the heat generated after the air is compressed by the air compressor 201 is used for heating the inside of the fuel cell stack 50, and the hydrogen and oxygen react with the hydrogen from the anode.
The internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 is large (R) due to the last shutdown purge processv1≥5Rv0) Therefore, the fuel cell stack 50 can generate more heat, and the current generated by the fuel cell system provides energy to the heating tape covered on the pipe between the humidifier 203 and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 50, further increasing the temperature of the humid air entering the interior of the fuel cell stack 50.
During the whole cold start process, the central controller FCCU detects the internal resistance value R of the fuel cell stack 50 through the internal resistance detection assembly 60v2While detecting the temperature value of the fuel cell stack 50 by the temperature sensor. When R isv2≤2Rv0When the temperature value of the fuel cell stack 50 rises to above 5 ℃, the third electromagnetic valve between the air compressor 201 and the intercooler is opened, and the first electromagnetic valve 202 on the air manifold 204 leading from the air compressor 201 to the humidifier 203 is closed. When the temperature value of the fuel cell stack 50 rises above 5 c, it means that the fuel cell system completes the cold start-up process.
After the cold start is completed, the central controller FCCU controls to disconnect the first dc-dc converter DCDC1 from the circuit supplying electric energy to the heating belt, and at the same time, to cut off the dc power supply 2 of the air compressor 20105, the direct current power source 205 stops supplying power, the first direct current-direct current converter DCDC1 supplies power to the air compressor 201 instead, the fuel cell system formally enters a normal operation state, and the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 in the normal operation state is Rv0。
In the cold starting device for the fuel cell, the fuel cell stack 50 and the system are heated by heat generated by compressing air by the air compressor 201. The shutdown purging is to change the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 by monitoring the internal resistance value so as to reasonably control the purging time; meanwhile, the low-temperature cold start is realized by utilizing the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 50, and the system is heated by the electric energy generated by the fuel cell system, so that the process of the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell system is accelerated, and the rapid low-temperature cold start is realized.
The shutdown purging is to control the purging time so as to enable the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack 50 to reach a higher value, create a favorable condition for realizing the next low-temperature cold start, utilize the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 50 and the heat generated by the compressed air of the air compressor 201, and rapidly complete the self-heating low-temperature cold start process of the fuel cell system without an additional heating device, thereby solving the problem of low adaptability of the fuel cell system in the low-temperature environment, leading the fuel cell system to break through the limitation of the low-temperature environment, and expanding the application range of the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, the adopted fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the reaction occurring at the cathode is:
O2+4H++4e-→2H2O；
the reactions occurring at the anode were:
2H2→4H++4e-；
the overall hydrogen-oxygen reaction formula is:
2H2+O2→2H2O。
the fuel cell stack 50 may be any one of a metal plate stack, a graphite plate stack, or a composite plate stack.
To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model provides a cold starting device of fuel cell, during cold start, first gas circuit system heats the negative pole of fuel cell pile through compressed air production heat, second gas circuit system moves and carries hydrogen in order to supply the fuel cell pile to carry out the oxyhydrogen reaction and release heat, heating element receives power signal simultaneously and generates heat, through above-mentioned three heating process, heat fuel cell system especially the fuel cell pile fast, make its temperature value and internal resistance all reach the required numerical value of realization cold start, thereby realize cold start rapidly in the short time, shortened the required length of cold start, it is efficient; in addition, adopt air and hydrogen to sweep the system simultaneously when shutting down in order to weather residual moisture to judge whether humidity in the system has reached the requirement through monitoring internal resistance value condition of rising, thereby control stops sweeping, creates the condition for next cold start.
Various embodiments are described herein for various devices, systems. Numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments as described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components and elements have been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments in the description. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments herein and shown are non-limiting examples, and thus, it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cold start device for a fuel cell, comprising a fuel cell stack, characterized by further comprising:
the first gas path system is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack and used for compressing air when receiving a first control signal so as to generate heat to heat the fuel cell stack and compressing the air and purging when receiving a second control signal;
the second gas path system is connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack and used for conveying hydrogen when receiving a third control signal so that the fuel cell stack performs hydrogen-oxygen reaction and outputs electric energy to be converted into a power supply signal, and conveying the hydrogen and purging when receiving a fourth control signal;
the heating component is used for generating heat when receiving the power supply signal so as to heat the fuel cell stack; and
the control circuit is used for monitoring the internal resistance value and the temperature value of the fuel cell stack in real time, outputting the first control signal and the third control signal when a cold start instruction is received, and controlling the heating assembly to receive the power supply signal until the temperature value reaches a preset temperature value required by cold start and the internal resistance value reaches a first preset resistance value required by cold start; and when a shutdown instruction is received, the second control signal and the fourth control signal are output until the internal resistance value is increased to a second preset resistance value.
2. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the internal resistance detection component is connected with the fuel cell stack and used for detecting the internal resistance value of the fuel cell stack in real time and feeding back the internal resistance value to the central control system.
3. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the temperature detection assembly is connected with the fuel cell stack and used for detecting the temperature value of the fuel cell stack in real time and feeding the temperature value back to the central control system.
4. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the direct current conversion component is connected with the fuel cell stack, the first air path system, the heating component and the central control system and is used for outputting the power supply signal to the heating component or supplying power to the first air path system after correspondingly performing direct current-direct current conversion on the electric energy according to the electrifying instruction output by the central control system.
5. The fuel cell cold start device according to claim 1, wherein the first gas passage system comprises:
the humidifier comprises an air compressor, a first electromagnetic valve, a humidifier and an air manifold;
the air compressor is communicated with the humidifier through the air manifold, the first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air manifold, and the humidifier is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack;
the air compressor is used for working according to the first control signal or the second control signal so as to compress air;
the air manifold is used for conveying compressed air to the humidifier, so that the air enters the fuel cell stack through the humidifier to heat the fuel cell stack or purge the air manifold and the fuel cell stack.
6. The cold start device for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said second air path system comprises:
a second solenoid valve, a hydrogen manifold and a hydrogen generator;
the second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the hydrogen manifold, and the hydrogen generator is communicated with the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen manifold;
the hydrogen generator is used for generating and outputting hydrogen when receiving the second control signal or the fourth control signal, and the hydrogen manifold is used for delivering the hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack so as to provide hydrogen for hydrogen-oxygen reaction or purge the hydrogen manifold and the anode of the fuel cell stack.
7. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the cooling system is connected with the first air path system and is used for cooling air and outputting the cooled air.
8. The fuel cell cold start device of claim 5, wherein the heating assembly overlies a conduit between the humidifier and a cathode of the fuel cell stack.
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| CN201921972858.9U CN210723237U (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Cold starting device for fuel cell |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112201813A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel supply control method, fuel cell and automobile |
| CN113793948A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-14 | 大连理工大学 | Fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating |
| CN116169327A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-26 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Anode purging control method and device, electronic equipment and fuel cell |
| CN116666689A (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-29 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
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2019
- 2019-11-12 CN CN201921972858.9U patent/CN210723237U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112201813A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel supply control method, fuel cell and automobile |
| CN113793948A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-14 | 大连理工大学 | Fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating |
| CN116169327A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-26 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Anode purging control method and device, electronic equipment and fuel cell |
| CN116169327B (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-06-23 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Anode purging control method and device, electronic equipment and fuel cell |
| CN116666689A (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-29 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
| CN116666689B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-12-08 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
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