CN210712405U - Water-permeable and water-intercepting urban pavement structure - Google Patents
Water-permeable and water-intercepting urban pavement structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN210712405U CN210712405U CN201920916432.5U CN201920916432U CN210712405U CN 210712405 U CN210712405 U CN 210712405U CN 201920916432 U CN201920916432 U CN 201920916432U CN 210712405 U CN210712405 U CN 210712405U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a city road surface structure of water-permeable intercepting, including multilayer structure from top to bottom: the permeable pavement structure comprises a permeable surface layer, a permeable leveling layer, a geotextile layer, a permeable base layer and a permeable bottom layer, wherein the pavement structure is laid above the soil base layer. The utility model discloses can be satisfying under the prerequisite that permeates water the requirement, still can utilize its water-intercepting structure to hold back more moisture of ground runoff, reduce the water yield of draining into underground to heat supply day evaporates. Delay the emergence of waterlogging, intercepted inside moisture again simultaneously and evaporated in the hot day, reduced the road surface temperature, alleviate urban heat island effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a permeable pavement field, in particular to urban pavement structure of water-permeable intercepting.
Background
The urban traditional pavement is mostly a hard pavement made of materials such as asphalt, concrete, stone plates and the like, and has the advantages of being neat and durable, and the biggest defect of being waterproof. The impervious pavement loses the adjusting capability of the surface temperature and the humidity, lacks the transpiration effect, and due to the heat inertia of the concrete, the impervious pavement heats the air near the ground in a long-wave radiation mode, so that the average temperature of the air near the ground is increased, and the urban heat island effect is aggravated. Meanwhile, in the process of urbanization, soil layers and lawns which can store water and can also transmit water are eradicated, so that rainwater cannot be effectively stored in surface soil layers and cannot permeate into the ground, and the ground runoff is increased. When heavy rainfall occurs, the groundwater level rises, and the surface runoff formed by the heavy rainfall cannot be drained in time by the urban groundwater channel system and the drainage channel, so that urban waterlogging is caused.
For harden ground, the sponge city water permeability ground that develops in recent years can not only can effectually supply ground water source with the effectual accumulation of rainwater in the middle of the road bed, can take away most heats in road surface through the evaporation cooling effect again to the temperature on effectual reduction road surface alleviates urban heat island effect. China also has developed various standards to encourage the development of permeable pavements, for example, in the evaluation method of the innovative national ecological garden city published by the ministry of construction in 2004, the proportion of the permeable pavements in the land used for road squares in the constructed area is more than or equal to 50 percent as a hard index. Newly issued JGJ 286-2013 'design standard of urban residential district thermal environment' and GB/T50378-2014 'evaluation standard of green buildings' also make a regulation requirement on permeable pavement. The main form of permeable pavement is mainly to permeate water brick and permeate water and mix earth, and its principle of the evaporation of permeating water is mainly that, rainy day ponding is through the water retaining layer and the road bed dirt bed of easy infiltration road surface infiltration below, dry hot weather, permeable pavement is through evaporating the moisture on water retaining layer to and water retaining layer absorb the moisture on road bed dirt bed to the surperficial evaporation through capillary absorption, play the effect that reduces road surface temperature.
The traditional typical permeable pavement is structurally shown in figure 1: the pavement is built on a soil foundation, and a water permeable surface layer, a water permeable leveling layer, a water permeable base layer and a water permeable bottom layer are arranged from top to bottom. The permeable surface layer can be made of permeable bricks or permeable concrete and the like, has certain porosity and permeability coefficient, and is beneficial to rainwater to permeate downwards; the permeable leveling layer has a permeability coefficient not less than that of the surface layer, fine stone concrete, dry sand, broken stone or stone chips and the like are usually adopted as materials, and the effective porosity is not less than that of the surface layer; the permeable base layer, the permeability coefficient of which is also required to be larger than that of the surface layer, is paved by graded broken stones, medium and coarse sands or natural graded gravels and the like; the permeable bottom layer is made of graded broken stones or permeable concrete, the effective porosity of the permeable concrete is more than 10%, and the effective porosity of gravel materials and gravels is more than 20%.
However, through experimental research, the maximum temperature and the surface temperature of the conventional permeable pavement are higher than those of the common pavement all day and night under natural conditions (dry state), because the permeable pavement has a rough surface and the sunlight absorption rate of the surface of the permeable pavement is higher than that of the common compact pavement, so that more solar heat radiation is absorbed. Only when rainfall or manual watering, the water in the permeable pavement and the water-retaining layer can be evaporated to take away the heat in the pores, so that the temperature of the permeable pavement and the temperature of the air near the stratum are greatly reduced. Objectively, the cooling benefit of a permeable pavement depends to a great extent on the amount of moisture trapped in the pavement.
However, the traditional permeable pavement has too high permeation rate, so that rainwater cannot be effectively trapped on the pavement for evaporating and cooling the pavement in hot days. Therefore, the conventional permeable pavement can effectively reduce the surface temperature only in the case that the surface is wet. The traditional permeable pavement increases the pavement temperature under the irradiation of long-time sunlight, aggravates the urban heat island effect and is unfavorable for vehicles and pedestrians.
Through patent and literature search, we also find some relevant data about the sponge urban permeable pavement, such as:
1. a material for sponge city road, application No.: CN 201710656479.8; the applicant: sichuan Yunxui science and technology Co., Ltd; and (3) abstract: the utility model provides a material for sponge city road, includes the pavement layer, the pavement layer below is equipped with the aquifer, and the aquifer below is equipped with the permeable bed, the pavement layer top is equipped with the layer that absorbs water, and wherein, the pavement layer is concrete layer, still is equipped with a plurality of through-holes on the concrete layer, and the aquifer is porous water-absorbing material, and the permeable bed is porous brick, the layer that absorbs water is porous asphalt concrete layer. The road pavement paved by the material has good water absorbability and water permeability, can quickly absorb and discharge rainwater, avoids rainwater accumulation and ensures safe operation of urban traffic. Wherein the porous water-absorbing material of the aquifer is porous basalt particles.
2. Sponge city town road, application number: CN 201721406737.9; the applicant: taizhou city engineering of construction, health engineering, Inc.; and (3) abstract: the utility model provides a sponge city town road, from top to bottom including the concrete pavement layer that permeates water, the grit layer, the metalling, the basic unit, wear to be equipped with the drainage pipe that is used for the drainage in the concrete pavement layer that permeates water, the wash port that is used for with drainage pipe intercommunication is offered on the concrete pavement layer that permeates water, drainage pipe is connected with the retaining well that is used for retaining, the retaining well is made by impervious concrete, its technical scheme main points are that water both can hold in the grit layer, can hold in the retaining well again, this sponge city town road's retaining ability is stronger.
3. The utility model provides an ecological road surface is collected to sponge urban rainwater, application number: CN 201621068203.5; the applicant: shenyang building university; and (3) abstract: a sponge urban rainwater collection ecological pavement comprises a lower layer, an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the lower layer is a permeable sand layer, the upper layer is a water storage permeable pavement brick, the top surface with holes is positioned at the topmost part, and the permeable sand layer is arranged below a permeable bottom surface; when the road surface has the slope, vertical support rib is preferred perpendicular with the direction of slope. The beneficial effects of the utility model are that simple structure, atress performance are good, processing is simple and convenient, and a large amount of interim water storage chambeies of quick collection can be collected and store fast through the hole of permeating water to through follow-up a period of long-term infiltration, water purification, realized that the efficient rainwater utilizes and the disaster prevention effect.
From the above publications, some of the existing urban water permeable pavements only consider the functions of water seepage and water permeability, and although the document 1 is also provided with a water storage layer, the porous water absorbing material of the water storage layer is porous basalt particles, so that the water storage capacity is small, the water loss is fast, and the water storage effect is poor; the document 2 is also provided with a drainage pipe, but the drainage pipe is arranged on the pavement layer, which is not favorable for the strength of the pavement, and the water is drained by the drainage pipe before permeating into the gravel layer, which is not favorable for the water storage effect; although the water storage permeable pavement brick of the document 3 has the function of storing water, the water in the water storage cavity of the brick body is difficult to transport upwards, and the utilization effect of the stored water is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a city road surface structure of water-permeable intercepting, can be satisfying under the prerequisite that permeates water the requirement, still can utilize its intercepting structure to hold back more moisture of ground runoff, reduce the underground water yield of emiting into to heat supply day evaporation. Delay the emergence of waterlogging, intercepted inside moisture again simultaneously and evaporated in the hot day, reduced the road surface temperature, alleviate urban heat island effect. If the water quantity of the road surface is more, the overflow pipe structure can be used for directly discharging redundant water into the drainage ditch, and the invention provides a new idea for reducing urban waterlogging, adjusting underground water balance and building a novel sponge city.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
the utility model provides a city road surface structure of water-permeable intercepting, includes multilayer structure from top to bottom: the permeable pavement structure comprises a permeable surface layer, a permeable leveling layer, a geotextile layer, a permeable base layer and a permeable bottom layer, wherein the pavement structure is laid above the soil base layer. Compared with the traditional permeable pavement, the geotextile layer is additionally provided, the HDPE geomembrane is preferably used as the geotextile layer, and the HDPE has good corrosion resistance, electrical property, moisture resistance, seepage resistance and high tensile strength, so that the permeable pavement is very suitable for the fields of electric wires and cables, engineering seepage prevention, breeding seepage prevention, oil tank seepage prevention, basement seepage prevention, artificial lake seepage prevention and the like. The HDPE film is a white particle of a high molecular polymer which is nontoxic, tasteless and odorless, has good heat resistance and cold resistance, good chemical stability, higher rigidity and toughness, good mechanical strength, good environmental stress cracking resistance and tearing strength resistance, can resist corrosion of acid, alkali, organic solvent and the like, and is an environment-friendly building material.
The permeable layer can be laid by permeable brick or permeable concrete, etc., and the permeability coefficient is greater than 1 × 10-4m/s, the effective porosity is not less than 8%, the effective porosity of the pervious concrete is not less than 10%, and the thickness is 60-80 mm.
The leveling course that permeates water adopts fine aggregate concrete, dry sand, rubble or stone bits etc. to lay, and the osmotic coefficient is not less than the surface course, and effective porosity is not less than the surface course, and thickness is 20mm ~50 mm.
The permeability coefficient of the permeable base layer is larger than that of the surface layer, and the subbase layer is paved by graded broken stones, medium and coarse sands, natural graded gravels and the like; graded broken stones or pervious concrete are preferably adopted, the effective porosity of the pervious concrete is more than 10%, and the thickness of the pervious concrete is 100-150 mm.
The permeable bottom layer is paved by gravel materials and gravels, the effective porosity is more than 20 percent, and the thickness is 150-200 mm.
The leveling blanket that permeates water sets up a plurality of overflow pipes, and the overflow pipe passes geotechnological cloth layer downwards, and the other end is worn out to the escape canal from the basic unit that permeates water. When the water permeating amount of the ground is large, the water is accumulated above the geomembrane, and after reaching the height of the pipe opening, the water overflows from the overflow pipe and flows out of the geotextile layer, so that the excessive water accumulation is prevented.
The overflow pipe is arranged on the part of the permeable base layer, and a plurality of holes are formed in the overflow pipe. The rivers that overflow can ooze the basic unit that permeates water with partly water through permeating water basic unit, keep the inside moisture content of pavement structure, if permeate water basic unit moisture content enough, unnecessary moisture then directly leads to the escape canal and discharges.
The water-permeable surface layer can be a water-intercepting brick besides a common water-permeable brick or permeable concrete, the water-intercepting brick comprises a water-intercepting brick surface layer at the top, a water-intercepting brick water-intercepting layer is arranged below the water-intercepting brick surface layer, the side surface and the bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick water-intercepting layer are coated with a water-intercepting brick hard protective layer, the bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick is provided with a high end surface and a low end surface, and an overflow gap is arranged at the high end surface. The structure, function and manufacturing method of the water interception brick are disclosed in patent application No. 3, month and 15 in 2019 by the applicant: a water-retaining temperature-reducing water-intercepting brick and a manufacturing method (2019101985874) thereof are explained in detail.
The surface layer of the water interception brick is formed by gluing natural granite particles, carborundum and modified epoxy resin; the surface layer material of the water interception brick allows ground runoff and rainwater to pass through, and simultaneously filters large granular substances in water to prevent blockage; after the natural granite and the carborundum are bonded into a whole through the modified epoxy resin, the surface layer of the water-intercepting brick has the wear-resisting property, can protect the water-intercepting brick from being worn after being used for a long time, and has beautiful appearance; the modified epoxy resin is preferably waterborne epoxy resin, and the molecular formula of the modified epoxy resin has hydrophilic groups, so that the modified epoxy resin has low hydrophobicity and good effects on moisture absorption and permeation.
The water intercepting layer of the water intercepting brick is prepared by mixing broken stone aggregate, slag, cement, polypropylene fiber, a water reducing agent, a polyurethane adhesive and water; the gravel aggregate is preferably artificial recycled aggregate, and has the advantages of good water absorption and high water permeability coefficient compared with natural gravel aggregate; the cement can be selected from Portland cement, sulfate cement, ferro-aluminate cement and the like; the length of the polypropylene fiber is preferably 50mm, the effect of connecting all aggregates is achieved, the connection strength among the aggregates is enhanced, the aggregates are not easy to separate and split, the mechanical properties of compression resistance, bending resistance and the like of the water-intercepting brick are enhanced, and the capability of water interception to frost cracking is also greatly improved; the polyurethane adhesive plays a role in enhancing the connection between cement and aggregate, a film with high bonding force is formed between cement paste and the aggregate, and finally an interpenetrating network structure is formed, so that the structural strength of the concrete is greatly improved.
The hard protective layer of the water-intercepting brick is made of dense-graded cement concrete; the hard protective layer of the water-intercepting brick is used for enhancing the surface strength and rigidity of the water-intercepting brick, and also isolates the water-intercepting layer of the water-intercepting brick from a permeable layer below, so that water is prevented from directly permeating into the ground of the matrix from the bottom of the water-intercepting layer.
The bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick can be of a concave arc, concave cylinder or concave rectangular structure; preferably a concave arc configuration.
The utility model has the advantages that:
when rainfall or artificial water supplement falls on the surface of the brick, the water level slowly rises after water in the water-intercepting brick begins to accumulate, and the water flows out of the overflow gap after exceeding the height of the overflow gap pre-buried in the brick. Get into the screed-coat, along with the continuation of rainfall, the rainwater is held back again in a large number in the screed-coat that permeates water, after surpassing screed-coat water storage capacity, the rainwater can flow from the gap, gets into the overflow pipe and discharges, and during partly rainwater flowed into the basic unit that permeates water in by the hole of overflow pipe, in the rainwater of another part can flow the escape canal for the vegetation is irrigated. The brick road surface structure of permeating water after optimizing has realized the function of "holding earlier the row of later", compares with ordinary brick typical structure road surface of permeating water, and the brick road surface of permeating water after optimizing temporarily intercepts ground surface runoff on the spot, effectively reduces the volume of discharging into the underground to the space trades the time, delays the emergence of waterlogging, and it leaves in order to heat supply day evaporation to intercept more moisture again simultaneously in the brick body, reduces the road surface sensible heat and scatters and disappears, alleviates urban heat island effect. Meanwhile, a large amount of moisture trapped in the leveling layer can migrate to the surface layer of the water-intercepting brick through capillary action, the moisture in the brick is continuously evaporated and drained, the ground runoff of the next rainfall is waited, and the cyclic utilization can be realized.
Through indoor rainfall simulation experiment, compare the difference of the ability of intercepting water in both unit areas, then compared two kinds of types and permeated water the cooling effect of pavement in damp and hot area evaporation cooling in summer:
1. the utility model discloses the retaining capacity on water-permeable intercepting road surface is far greater than ordinary permeable pavement, as shown in fig. 5, when same rain intensity 17.8mm, under 40 minutes precipitation condition, same unit area, the utility model discloses the intercepting water yield is 8.16L/m2While the water cut-off of the ordinary water penetration is only 0.91L/m2And excessive water loss is prevented.
2. The utility model discloses water-permeable intercepting road surface cooling effect is far superior to ordinary permeable pavement, the utility model discloses the moisture that the road surface structure was stored can be fast through capillary action migration to surface evaporation because it is near apart from the ground surface distance, thereby reduces the temperature on road surface, in the outdoor evaporation cooling experiment temperature curve graph that figure 6 shows, carries out outdoor evaporation cooling experiment with ordinary permeable pavement and the water-permeable intercepting road surface of the invention respectively to record its surface temperature, it is shown to obtain the result temperature curve graph, can obviously see out from it, under 8 months high temperature climatic conditions, the utility model discloses surface temperature is less than ordinary permeable brick surface temperature greatly. The utility model discloses two days surface temperature are close with ordinary permeable pavement in the past, and after three days insolate again, 10 ℃ of the difference in temperature begins to appear in both surface temperatures, prove to use the utility model discloses can reduce the earth's surface temperature, the urban heat island effect of alleviating effectively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a typical conventional permeable pavement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water permeable and intercepting urban pavement structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the water-intercepting brick;
FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom view of a water-intercepting brick;
FIG. 5 is a diagram comparing the results of rainfall experiments, wherein the left diagram represents the permeable and water-cut road surface of the present invention; the right image represents a common permeable pavement;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the surface temperature of the water-retaining, cooling and intercepting brick and the ordinary water permeable brick in the wet state in the outdoor evaporation cooling experiment;
the reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. a water permeable facing; 11. a water intercepting brick surface layer; 12. a water intercepting layer of the water intercepting brick; 13. a hard protective layer of the water-intercepting brick; 14. a water intercepting brick overflow port; 15. the water-intercepting brick overflows the waterline; 2. a permeable leveling layer; 3. a geotextile layer; 4. a water permeable base layer; 5. a water permeable bottom layer; 6. a soil base layer; 7. an overflow pipe; 8. and (7) a drainage ditch.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The utility model provides a city road surface structure of water-permeable intercepting, includes multilayer structure from top to bottom: the pavement structure comprises a permeable surface layer 1, a permeable leveling layer 2, a geotextile layer 3, a permeable base layer 4 and a permeable bottom layer 5, wherein the pavement structure is laid above a soil base layer 6; the permeable surface layer 1 is a common permeable brick, the permeable leveling layer 2 is a medium sand layer, the permeable base layer 4 is a permeable concrete layer, and the permeable bottom layer 5 is a graded gravel layer;
the permeable leveling layer 2 is provided with a plurality of PVC overflow pipes 7, the overflow pipes 7 downwards penetrate through the HDPE geomembrane layer 3, and the other ends of the overflow pipes penetrate out of the permeable base layer 4 to the drainage ditch 8;
the overflow pipe 7 is arranged on the part of the permeable base layer 4, and a plurality of holes are formed in the overflow pipe 7;
the water-permeable surface layer 1 is a water-intercepting brick, the water-intercepting brick comprises a water-intercepting brick surface layer 11 at the top, a water-intercepting brick water-intercepting layer 12 is arranged below the water-intercepting brick surface layer 11, the side surface and the bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick water-intercepting layer 12 are coated with a water-intercepting brick hard protective layer 13, the bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick is a cambered surface, and an overflow gap 14 is arranged at the high end surface of the cambered surface.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a city road surface structure of water-permeable intercepting water which characterized in that: including multilayer structure from top to bottom: the permeable pavement structure comprises a permeable surface layer (1), a permeable leveling layer (2), a geotextile layer (3), a permeable base layer (4) and a permeable bottom layer (5), wherein the pavement structure is laid above a soil base layer (6).
2. The water permeable and water intercepting urban pavement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the leveling layer (2) permeates water and is provided with a plurality of overflow pipes (7), the overflow pipes (7) downwards penetrate through the geotextile layer (3), and the other end of the geotextile layer penetrates out of the permeable base layer (4) to the drainage ditch (8).
3. The water permeable and water intercepting urban pavement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: the overflow pipe (7) is arranged on the part of the permeable base layer (4), and a plurality of holes are formed in the overflow pipe (7).
4. The water permeable and water intercepting urban pavement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water-permeable surface layer (1) is a water-intercepting brick, the water-intercepting brick comprises a water-intercepting brick surface layer (11) at the top, a water-intercepting brick water-intercepting layer (12) is arranged below the water-intercepting brick surface layer (11), the side surface and the bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick water-intercepting layer (12) are coated with a water-intercepting brick hard protective layer (13), the bottom surface of the water-intercepting brick is provided with a high end surface and a low end surface, and a water overflow opening (14) is arranged at the high end surface.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112666058A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-04-16 | 宁波大学 | Experimental device and method suitable for optimizing performance of coastal sponge city permeable pavement system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112666058A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-04-16 | 宁波大学 | Experimental device and method suitable for optimizing performance of coastal sponge city permeable pavement system |
| CN112666058B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2023-04-07 | 宁波大学 | Experimental device and method suitable for optimizing performance of coastal sponge city permeable pavement system |
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