CN210678029U - Multidimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precise grinding and polishing machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multidimensional ultrasound-assisted magnetorheological precise grinding and polishing machine tool, which belongs to the technical field of grinding and polishing machine tools. Two groups of Y-direction moving tracks are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the machine tool base 1, two Z-direction fixing bottom plates are respectively fixed on the Y-direction moving tracks on the left side and the right side, the two Z-direction moving tracks are respectively fixed on the Z-direction fixing bottom plates, the X-direction fixing bottom plates are respectively fixed on the two Z-direction moving tracks, and the X-direction moving tracks are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the X-direction fixing bottom plates; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device is fixed at the back of the middle of the machine tool base, and the rotary workbench is fixed at the front of the middle of the machine tool base; the tool head mounting plate is fixed on the X-direction moving track, and the tool head is fixed on the tool head mounting bottom plate. Has the advantages that: polishing processing is carried out simultaneously in three not equidirectional for the same time machining area is bigger, and the rotation motion of bistrique makes polishing processing more comprehensive thorough, has improved polishing processing's efficiency and the precision of processing.

Description

Multidimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precise grinding and polishing machine tool

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of grind and throw the lathe, concretely relates to supplementary magnetic current of multidimension supersound becomes accurate grind and throw lathe.

Background

With the development and progress of optical technology and the increasingly wide application of optical technology, the precision requirement on the surface of an optical element is higher and higher, but because most of materials used for the optical element have brittle and hard characteristics, the traditional processing method cannot meet the high-precision and high-efficiency processing requirement on parts made of the materials.

At present, the processing of optical elements, such as air bag polishing and ultrasonic polishing, is mostly limited by self conditions, the processing of a small-curvature optical surface cannot be realized, and the polishing efficiency is not high; in recent years, the ultrasonic magnetorheological composite polishing can be used for polishing a small-curvature optical surface, but the development time is short, so that the conventional polishing mode of the ultrasonic magnetorheological composite polishing is single, the polishing process is not flexible due to self limitation, and the polishing efficiency is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a lathe is ground and thrown to supplementary magnetic current of multidimension supersound becomes precision to solve the unable optical element surface machining to little curvature that exists at present, machining efficiency is not high and the single scheduling problem of processing mode.

The utility model adopts the technical proposal that the device comprises a machine tool base, two groups of Y-direction moving tracks, a Z-direction fixed bottom plate, a Z-direction moving track, an X-direction fixed bottom plate, an X-direction moving track, a linear driving module, a magnetorheological fluid circulating device, a rotary worktable, a tool head mounting bottom plate and a tool head; two groups of Y-direction moving rails are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of a machine tool base 1, two Z-direction fixing bottom plates are respectively fixed on the Y-direction moving rails on the left side and the right side, the two Z-direction moving rails are respectively fixed on the Z-direction fixing bottom plates, the X-direction fixing bottom plates are respectively fixed on the two Z-direction moving rails, and the X-direction moving rails are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the X-direction fixing bottom plates; the linear driving modules are respectively fixed in a group at the left side and the right side of the machine tool base and positioned in the middle of each Y-direction moving track, are respectively fixed in a group at the left side and the right side of the Z-direction fixed bottom plate and positioned in the middle of each Z-direction moving track, and are fixed in a group at the X-direction fixed bottom plate and positioned in the middle of the X-direction moving track; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device is fixed at the back of the middle of the machine tool base, and the rotary workbench is fixed at the front of the middle of the machine tool base; the tool head mounting plate is fixed on the X-direction moving track, and the tool head is fixed on the tool head mounting bottom plate.

The Y-direction moving track and the Z-direction moving track of the utility model have the same structure, wherein the Y-direction moving track comprises a first guide rail, a first slider end cover and a first slider body, wherein the first guide rail is fixed on the left side and the right side of a machine tool base, the first slider end cover is connected with the first slider body, and the first slider body is connected with the first guide rail in a sliding way;

the X-direction moving track of the utility model comprises a second guide rail, a second sliding block end cover and a second sliding block body, wherein the second guide rail is fixed on the left side and the right side of the X-direction fixed bottom plate, the second sliding block end cover is connected with the second sliding block body, and the second sliding block body is connected with the second guide rail in a sliding way;

the linear driving module comprises a fastening block, a flange plate, a bottom supporting seat, a ball screw, a movable connecting seat, a screw seat, a bottom supporting seat, a flange plate, a fastening block, a cross block coupler and a driving motor, wherein the fastening block is fixed at the left end of the ball screw and clings to the flange plate which is fixed at the bottom supporting seat;

the magnetorheological fluid circulating device comprises a nozzle, a hose, a peristaltic hydraulic pump, a stirring motor, a control display screen and a liquid storage tank, wherein the nozzle is fixedly connected with the hose, the hose is fixedly connected with the peristaltic hydraulic pump, the peristaltic hydraulic pump is fixed on the liquid storage tank, the stirring motor is fixed at the central position above the liquid storage tank, the control display screen is fixed at the upper right corner of the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is fixed on the rear side of the middle part of a machine tool base 1;

the utility model discloses a rotary worktable comprises an outer support plate I, a small support frame, a rotary platform, a swing motor base, a small support frame, an outer support plate II, a platform mounting plate, a platform support base, a worktable fixing base plate, a deep groove ball bearing, a shaft coupling, a swing transmission shaft I, a swing transmission shaft II and a deep groove ball bearing, wherein the outer support plate I is fixed on the platform support base, the small support frame is connected with the first key of the swing transmission shaft, the rotary platform is fixed on the platform mounting plate, the swing motor is fixed on the swing motor base, the swing motor base is fixed on the outer support plate II, the small support frame is connected with the second key of the swing transmission shaft, the outer support plate II is fixed on the platform support base, the left end of the platform mounting plate is fixed on the small support frame, the right end is fixed on the small support frame, the platform support base is fixed, the deep groove ball bearing is arranged on an outer support plate II, the left end of the coupler is fixedly connected with the swing motor, and the right end of the coupler is fixedly connected with the swing transmission shaft I and is arranged in a swing motor seat groove; the left end of the swing transmission shaft I is rotatably connected with the deep groove ball bearing, and the right end of the swing transmission shaft I is connected with the small support plate key; the left end of the swing transmission shaft II is connected with the small supporting plate key, and the right end of the swing transmission shaft II is rotationally connected with the deep groove ball bearing; the deep groove ball bearing is arranged on the outer support plate II;

the rotary platform comprises a platform connecting seat, a platform supporting ring, a fixed connecting ring, a liquid sealing ring, a liquid collecting disc, a circular platform, a static pressure bearing, an internal fixed connecting ring, an internal connecting cover plate, a direct drive motor, an internal separating ring, an external end cover and an external connecting cover plate, wherein the platform connecting seat is fixed on the platform mounting plate, the platform supporting ring is rotationally connected with the static pressure bearing, and the ring surface is tightly attached to the platform connecting seat; the fixed connecting ring is fixed on the platform supporting ring and is rotationally connected with the static pressure bearing; the liquid sealing ring is connected with the circular platform in an annular sealing manner, the liquid collecting disc is connected with the liquid sealing ring in an annular sealing manner, the circular platform is fixed on the static pressure bearing, and the static pressure bearing is rotatably connected with the platform supporting ring and supported by the platform supporting ring; the inner fixed connecting ring is fixed on the static pressure bearing and is rotationally connected with the platform connecting seat; the inner connecting cover plate is fixed on the inner fixed connecting ring and is rotationally connected with the outer connecting cover plate; the direct drive motor is arranged in an annular space formed by the inner isolation ring and the outer connecting cover plate and is tightly propped by the outer end cover; the inner isolation ring is fixed on the inner connecting cover plate, the outer end cover is fixed on the outer connecting cover plate, and the outer connecting cover plate is fixed on the platform connecting seat and is rotationally connected with the inner connecting cover plate;

the tool head comprises an ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame, a connecting block, a rotating motor, an ultrasonic vibrator, a tool head connecting plate, a grinding head assembly, a connecting head, a square connecting block, an upper cross transmission shaft and a cross shaft coupling, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame is fixed on the connecting block;

the utility model discloses a grinding head component comprises a flexible hinge I, a square end cover, a lower cross transmission shaft, a flexible hinge II, a grinding head connecting block, a plastic shell, a grinding head sleeve, a plastic inner shell, a coil, a compression conductive spring, a flexible hinge I, a cross shaft sleeve, a tapered roller bearing, an insulating sleeve, a slip ring, an insulating gasket, an electric brush and a pressure sensor, wherein the left end of the flexible hinge I is fixed on the square connecting block, and the right end is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block; the square end cover is fixed on the grinding head connecting block, and the upper end of the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft is in cross connection with the upper cross-shaped transmission shaft, is rotatably connected with the tapered roller bearing and is supported by the tapered roller bearing; the front end of the flexible hinge II is fixed on the connecting head, and the rear end of the flexible hinge II is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block; two ends of the grinding head connecting block are fixedly connected with the two flexible hinges I, and the third end of the grinding head connecting block is fixedly connected with the flexible hinge II; the plastic outer shell is fixed on the plastic inner shell, the grinding head is in threaded connection and fastening with the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft, the grinding head sleeve is fixedly connected with the grinding head, the plastic inner shell is fixedly connected with the grinding head sleeve, the coil is fixedly connected with the plastic inner shell, the compression conductive spring is arranged in a small hole of the grinding head connecting block, and one end with a small ball is properly compressed with the electric brush; the left end of the flexible hinge I is fixed on the square connecting block, and the right end of the flexible hinge I is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block; the cross shaft sleeve is rotatably connected with the lower cross transmission shaft, the upper end of the cross shaft sleeve is tightly propped against the tapered roller bearing, the tapered roller bearing is rotatably connected with the grinding head connecting block, the insulating sleeve is fixed on the lower cross transmission shaft, the sliding ring is fixed on the insulating sleeve, the insulating gasket is fixed on the insulating sleeve and positioned between the two sliding rings, the electric brush is rotatably connected with the sliding ring, and the pressure sensor is fixed on the grinding head.

The three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration design of the utility model covers three movement directions of the machine tool, so that the machine tool can polish workpieces to be processed simultaneously in three directions, increase the polishing area at the same time, improve the polishing efficiency, reduce the possibility of missing unpolished areas in the polishing process and improve the polishing precision; in addition, the corner processing method is more flexible and convenient in the process of processing the corner of the workpiece to be processed, the surface of the optical element with small curvature and various free-form surfaces and planes can be processed, and the surface shape complexity and the structure diversity of the processed workpiece are improved.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the utility model discloses the lathe realizes the polishing on optical element surface through the Bingham body that uses magnetorheological suspensions to form in the magnetic field, can process the radial optical element surface of small curvature.

2. The utility model discloses the lathe passes through three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration for the adhesion can polish processing in three not equidirectional magnetorheological suspensions in the bistrique simultaneously, makes same time machining area bigger, and the rotation motion of bistrique further makes polishing processing more comprehensive thorough, has both improved polishing processing's efficiency, has improved polishing processing's precision again.

3. The utility model discloses the lathe makes the magnetorheological suspensions area that can participate in polishing processing to exceed bistrique tip area itself through three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration to it is more nimble convenient when the too big curved surface corner of processing camber to make.

4. The utility model discloses the lathe uses less bistrique processing, and the rotary worktable can realize through control system as required the swing of the specific angle of X axle direction and around the rotation of the specific angle of Z axle on the reunion, realizes the polishing processing to all kinds of complicated curved surfaces and plane, improves the shape of face complexity and the structure variety of the work piece of being processed, has improved the practicality and the commonality of lathe.

5. The utility model discloses the design of the three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration of lathe and the design of lathe self other parts have expanded the application of ultrasonic vibration and magnetorheological suspensions composite polishing technique, provide new method and thinking for the combination of ultrasonic polishing and magnetorheological suspensions polishing.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the Y-direction and Z-direction moving rails of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the X-direction moving rail of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the linear driving module of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of a magnetorheological fluid circulating apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the rotary table of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary table of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating platform of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a tool head structure according to the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the tool head of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the grinding head assembly of the present invention;

figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the grinding head assembly of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a lower cross-shaped transmission shaft of the utility model;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the grinding head connecting block of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a partial schematic view of the magnetorheological fluid polishing process of the utility model.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a machine tool base 1, two groups of Y-direction moving rails 2, a Z-direction fixed bottom plate 3, a Z-direction moving rail 4, an X-direction fixed bottom plate 6, an X-direction moving rail 8, a linear driving module 5, a magnetorheological fluid circulating device 11, a rotary worktable 10, a tool head mounting bottom plate 7 and a tool head 9; two groups of Y-direction moving rails 2 are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of a machine tool base 1, two Z-direction fixing bottom plates 3 are respectively fixed on the Y-direction moving rails 2 on the left side and the right side, two Z-direction moving rails 4 are respectively fixed on the Z-direction fixing bottom plates 3, X-direction fixing bottom plates 6 are respectively fixed on the two Z-direction moving rails 4, and X-direction moving rails 8 are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the X-direction fixing bottom plates 6; the linear driving modules 5 are respectively fixed in a group at the left side and the right side of the machine tool base 1 and positioned in the middle of each Y-direction moving track 2, in a group at the left side and the right side of the Z-direction fixing bottom plate 3 and positioned in the middle of each Z-direction moving track 4, and in a group at the X-direction fixing bottom plate 6 and positioned in the middle of the X-direction moving track 8; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device 11 is fixed at the rear of the middle of the machine tool base 1, and the rotary workbench 10 is fixed at the front of the middle of the machine tool base 1; the tool head mounting plate 7 is fixed on the X-direction moving track 8, and the tool head 9 is fixed on the tool head mounting base plate 7;

the whole machine tool is compact in structure, all the positions are reasonably arranged and assembled, and the symmetrical design ensures that the machine tool X, Y, Z can move in three directions by adopting the linear driving module 5, so that the design is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the stability of the machine tool is enhanced;

as shown in fig. 2, the Y-direction moving track 2 and the Z-direction moving track 4 of the present invention have the same structure, wherein the Y-direction moving track 2 includes a first guide rail 201, a first slider end cover 202 and a first slider body 203, wherein the first guide rail 201 is fixed on the left and right sides of the machine tool base 1, the first slider end cover 202 is connected with the first slider body 203, and the first slider body 203 is slidably connected with the first guide rail 201; so that the tool head 9 of the machine tool can realize free movement in the Y direction and free movement in the Z direction.

As shown in fig. 3, the X-direction moving track 8 of the present invention includes a second guide rail 801, a second slider end cap 802 and a second slider body 803, wherein the second guide rail 801 is fixed on the left and right sides of the X-direction fixing base plate 6, the second slider end cap 802 is connected to the second slider body 803, and the second slider body 803 is slidably connected to the second guide rail 801; the tool head 9 of the machine tool can realize free movement in the X direction, and the tool head mounting base plate 7 is more firmly mounted by the slider body II 803 with two widened sides.

As shown in fig. 5, the linear driving module 5 of the present invention comprises a fastening block 501, a flange 502, a bottom supporting seat 503, a ball screw 504, a mobile connecting seat 505, a nut seat 506, a bottom supporting seat 507, a flange 508, a fastening block 509, an oldham coupling 510 and a driving motor 511, wherein the fastening block 501 is fixed at the left end of the ball screw 504 and tightly attached to the flange 502, the flange 502 is fixed at the bottom supporting seat 503, the left end of the ball screw 504 is rotatably connected to the bottom supporting seat 503, the right end of the ball screw 504 is rotatably connected to the bottom supporting seat 507, the mobile connecting seat 505 is fixed to the nut seat 506, the nut seat 506 is rotatably connected to the ball screw 504, the flange 508 is fixed to the bottom supporting seat 507, the fastening block 509 is fixed at the right end of the ball screw 504 and tightly attached to the flange 508, the left end of the oldham coupling 510 is fixedly connected to the ball screw 504, the driving motor 511 is fixedly connected with the Oldham coupling 510;

in the linear driving module 5 fixed on the machine tool base 1, a bottom supporting seat 503 and a bottom supporting seat 507 are both fixed on the machine tool base 1; in the linear driving module 5 fixed on the Z-direction fixing base plate 3, the bottom supporting seat 503 and the bottom supporting seat 507 are both fixed on the Z-direction fixing plate 3; in the linear driving module 5 fixed on the X-direction fixed base plate 3, both the bottom support base 503 and the bottom support base 507 are fixed on the X-direction fixed plate 3; under the drive of the driving motor 511, the ball screw 504 drives the mobile connection seat 505 to move accurately through the ball screw nut pair, and in addition, the transmission of the ball screw nut pair has no clearance, so that the tool head 9 of the machine tool can realize accurate reciprocating movement and accurate positioning in X, Y, Z three directions.

As shown in fig. 6, the magnetorheological fluid circulating device 11 of the present invention includes a nozzle 1101, a hose 1102, a peristaltic hydraulic pump 1103, a stirring motor 1104, a control display screen 1105 and a liquid storage tank 1106, wherein the nozzle 1101 is fixedly connected to the hose 1102, the hose 1102 is fixedly connected to the peristaltic hydraulic pump 1103, the peristaltic hydraulic pump 1103 is fixed to the liquid storage tank 1106, the stirring motor 1104 is fixed to the central position above the liquid storage tank, the control display screen 1105 is fixed to the upper right corner of the liquid storage tank 1106, and the liquid storage tank 1106 is fixed to the rear side of the middle portion of the machine tool base 1;

through the filtering and stirring of the magnetic fluid circulating device 11, various important performance indexes such as the viscosity of the magnetic fluid sprayed by the nozzle 1101 and the like are kept stable, and the magnetic fluid circulating device is suitable for being used in processing.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the rotary workbench 10 of the present invention comprises an outer support plate i 1001, a small support frame 1002, a rotary platform 1003, a swing motor 1004, a swing motor base 1005, a small support frame 1006, an outer support plate ii 1007, a platform mounting plate 1008, a platform support base 1009, a workbench fixed base plate 1010, a deep groove ball bearing 1011, a coupling 1012, a swing transmission shaft i 1013, a swing transmission shaft ii 1014 and a deep groove ball bearing 1015, wherein the outer support plate i 1001 is fixed on the platform support base 1009, the small support frame 1002 is connected with the swing transmission shaft i 1013 key, the rotary platform 1003 is fixed on the platform mounting plate 1008, the swing motor 1004 is fixed on the swing motor base 1005, the swing motor base 1005 is fixed on the outer support plate ii 1007, the small support frame 1006 is connected with the swing transmission shaft ii 1014 key, the outer support plate ii 1007 is fixed on the platform support base 1007, the left end of the platform mounting plate 1008 is fixed, the right end of the platform support base 1009 is fixed on the small support frame 1006, the platform support base 1009 is fixed on the workbench fixed base plate 1010, the workbench fixed base plate 1010 is fixed on the machine tool base 1, the deep groove ball bearing 1011 is installed on the outer support plate II 1007, the left end of the coupling 1012 is fixedly connected with the swing motor 1004, and the right end is fixedly connected with the swing transmission shaft I1013 and installed in the swing motor base 1005 groove; the left end of a swinging transmission shaft I1013 is rotatably connected with a deep groove ball bearing 1011, and the right end is connected with a small support plate 1006 key; the left end of the swing transmission shaft II 1014 is in key connection with the small support plate 1002, and the right end of the swing transmission shaft II is in rotary connection with the deep groove ball bearing 1015; the deep groove ball bearing 1015 is arranged on an outer support plate II 1007;

the rotary platform 1003 can swing in the X-axis direction under the driving of the swing motor 1004, and the size of the swing amplitude can be adjusted as required, so as to process the surface of the complex optical element.

As shown in fig. 9, the rotary platform 1003 of the present invention includes a platform connecting seat 100301, a platform supporting ring 100302, a fixed connecting ring 100303, a liquid sealing ring 100304, a liquid collecting tray 100305, a circular platform 100306, a static pressure bearing 100307, an internal fixed connecting ring 100308, an internal connecting cover plate 100309, a direct drive motor 100310, an internal separating ring 100311, an external end cover 100312 and an external connecting cover plate 100313, wherein the platform connecting seat 100301 is fixed on the platform mounting plate 1008, the platform supporting ring 100302 is rotatably connected with the static pressure bearing 100307, and the ring surface is tightly attached to the platform connecting seat 100301; fixed connection ring 100303 is fixed to platform support ring 100302 and is rotatably connected to hydrostatic bearing 100307; the liquid seal ring 100304 is in annular sealing connection with the circular platform 100306, the liquid collection disc 100305 is in annular sealing connection with the liquid seal ring 100304, the circular platform 100306 is fixed on the static pressure bearing 100307, and the static pressure bearing 100307 is in rotary connection with the platform support ring 100302 and supported by the platform support ring 100302; the inner fixed connecting ring 100308 is fixed on the hydrostatic bearing 100307 and is rotatably connected with the platform connecting seat 100301; inner attachment cover 100309 is secured to inner attachment ring 100308 and is rotatably connected to outer attachment cover 100313; the direct drive motor 100310 is installed in the annular space formed by the inner isolation ring 100311 and the outer connecting cover plate 100313, and is tightly pressed by the outer end cover 100312; inner isolating ring 100311 is fixed to inner connection cover 100309, outer end cover 100312 is fixed to outer connection cover 100313, outer connection cover 100313 is fixed to platform connection base 100301 and is rotatably connected to inner connection cover 100309;

the liquid seal ring 100304, the circular platform 100306, the hydrostatic bearing 100307, the internal fixed connecting ring 100308, the internal connecting cover plate 100309 and the internal separating ring 100311 form an internal independent body, the platform connecting seat 100301, the platform supporting ring 100302, the fixed connecting ring 100303, the outer end cover 100312 and the external connecting cover plate 100313 form an external independent body, a sealing cavity is formed between the internal independent body and the external independent body, gas is input from small holes at two sides of the external connecting cover plate 100313, wheel lubrication oil is injected between the hydrostatic bearing 100307 and the fixed connecting ring 100303 for lubrication, and an oil film is formed to prevent the gas from escaping, so that the contact area between the internal independent body and the external independent body is reduced, and the friction force is reduced; the independent body inside can realize the rotation of a controllable angle under the driving of the direct drive motor 100310, so that the rotation of the circular platform 100306 in the rotary platform 1003 of the controllable angle is realized, the liquid collection disc 100305 is responsible for collecting overflowed magnetic fluid and is in interference fit with the liquid seal ring 100304, the liquid seal ring 100304 is in interference fit with the circular platform 100306 and has a sealing function to prevent the leakage of the magnetic fluid, and therefore the liquid collection disc 100305 and the liquid seal ring 100304 can rotate together along with the rotation of the circular platform 100306; the angle-controllable rotation of the rotary platform 1003 is combined with the angle-controllable swing of the rotary table 10, and various complex curved surfaces of optical elements can be machined by matching with the grinding head 90607.

As shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11, the tool head 9 of the present invention includes an ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame 901, a connecting block 902, a rotating electrical machine 903, an ultrasonic vibrator 904, a tool head connecting plate 905, a grinding head assembly 906, a connecting head 907, a square connecting block 908, an upper cross drive shaft 909, and a cross shaft coupling 910, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame 901 is fixed on the connecting block 902, the connecting block 902 is fixed on the tool head connecting plate 905, the rotating electrical machine 903 is fixed on the tool head connecting plate 905, the ultrasonic vibrator 904 is fixed on the ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame 901, the tool head connecting plate 905 is fixed on the tool head mounting base plate 7, the right side of the grinding head assembly 906 is fixedly connected with the connecting head 907, the left side and the front portion are fixedly connected with the square connecting block 908, the connecting head 907 is fixed on the square connecting block 908, the square connecting, the upper end of a cross shaft coupling 910 is fixed on the rotating motor 903, and the lower end is fixedly connected with a cross transmission shaft 909;

the ultrasonic vibrators 904 are arranged in X, Y, Z three directions of the space, so that ultrasonic vibration in three different directions can be formed in the space, and the ultrasonic vibration frequency in different directions can be adjusted according to needs, so that the processing range is expanded, and different grinding and polishing force can be used in different directions.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the grinding head assembly 906 of the present invention includes a flexible hinge i 90601, a square end cap 90602, a lower cross drive shaft 90603, a flexible hinge ii 90604, a grinding head connection block 90605, a plastic outer shell 90606, a grinding head 90607, a grinding head sleeve 90608, a plastic inner shell 90609, a coil 90610, a compression conductive spring 90611, a flexible hinge i 90612, a cross shaft sleeve 90613, a tapered roller bearing 90614, an insulating sleeve 90615, a slip ring 90616, an insulating gasket 90617, a brush 90618 and a pressure sensor 90619, wherein the left end of the flexible hinge i 90601 is fixed on the square connection block 908, and the right end is fixedly connected with the grinding head connection block 90605; the square end cover 90602 is fixed on the grinding head connecting block 90605, the upper end of the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft 90603 is in cross connection with the upper cross-shaped transmission shaft 909, is rotatably connected with the tapered roller bearing 90614 and is supported by the tapered roller bearing 90614; the front end of the flexible hinge II 90604 is fixed on the connecting head 907, and the rear end is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block 90605; two ends of the grinding head connecting block 90605 are fixedly connected with two flexible hinges I90601, and the third end is fixedly connected with a flexible hinge II 90604; the plastic outer shell 90606 is fixed on the plastic inner shell 90609, the grinding head 90607 is in threaded connection and fastening with the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft 90603, the grinding head sleeve 90608 is fixedly connected with the grinding head 90607, the plastic inner shell 90609 is fixedly connected with the grinding head sleeve 90608, the coil 90610 is fixedly connected with the plastic inner shell 90609, the compression conductive spring 90611 is installed in a small hole of the grinding head connecting block 90605, and one end with a small ball properly compresses the electric brush 90618; the left end of the flexible hinge I90612 is fixed on the square connecting block 908, and the right end of the flexible hinge I90612 is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block 90605; the cross shaft sleeve 90613 is rotatably connected with the lower cross transmission shaft 90603, the upper end of the cross shaft sleeve is tightly pressed against the tapered roller bearing 90614, the tapered roller bearing 90614 is rotatably connected with the grinding head connecting block 90605, the insulating sleeve 90615 is fixed on the lower cross transmission shaft 90603, the sliding ring 90616 is fixed on the insulating sleeve 90615, the insulating gasket 90617 is fixed on the insulating sleeve 90615 and located between the two sliding rings 90616, the electric brush 90618 is rotatably connected with the sliding ring 90616, and the pressure sensor 90619 is fixed on the grinding head 90607;

the whole grinding head assembly 906 is compact in structure, all parts are firmly connected, and loose structure, falling off of parts and the like caused by ultrasonic vibration are avoided; meanwhile, the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft 90603 and the upper cross-shaped transmission shaft 909 are well connected, the design of the cross-shaped transmission shaft can avoid part friction collision caused by ultrasonic vibration, and meanwhile, the rotary motor 903 can be ensured to normally drive the grinding head 90607 to rotate; in order to ensure that the connection of the coil wire is good and is not influenced by the processing process, a hole is formed in the shaft end of the grinding head 90607, a small hole is formed in the side face of the grinding head, a small hole is formed in the position on the same side of the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft 90603, and the wire is installed inside the grinding head 90607; one side of the grinding head connecting block 90605 is also provided with a small hole, and the pressing conductive spring 90611 is arranged in the small hole, so that on one hand, the pressing force of the pressing conductive spring 90611 on the electric brush 90618 can ensure that the pressing conductive spring 90611, the electric brush 90618 and the slip ring 90616 are in good contact, and an electrified lead can be connected with the pressing conductive spring 90611 and is convenient to lead out; the pressure sensor 90619 can monitor the pressure generated by the grinding head 90607 on the surface of the blank in real time, so that the real-time adjustment of the pressure can be realized; so far, the rotating electrical machines 903 drives the grinding head 90607 to rotate, the ultrasonic vibrator 904 enables the grinding head 90607 to generate ultrasonic vibration in three directions, and the coil 90610 is a grinding head additional magnetic field, so that magnetic fluid is adsorbed on the grinding head 90607 and forms a bingham body, and moves along with the grinding head, and the curved surface of the optical element is machined.

Under the default condition, when the machine tool works normally, magnetorheological fluid is sprayed out through the nozzle 1101 and completely wets the grinding head 90607, then the coil is switched on to generate a magnetic field, the grinding head is an electromagnetic iron core and has the function of binding and enhancing the magnetic field, the magnetic field formed at the lower end of the grinding head 90607 can be weakened in a step shape, meanwhile, the formed magnetic field is a circular magnetic field with the diameter larger than the diameter of the grinding head, in addition, the magnetic field is vertically downward in the middle of the grinding head, namely along the Z-axis direction, the magnetic field is also vertically downward and gradually decreased along the Z-axis direction, and the hardness of a bigham body of the magnetorheological; the magnetic field direction at the periphery of the grinding head is changed from vertical downward to vertical upward, and according to the continuity of the magnetic field, the magnetic field direction is necessarily subjected to a magnetic field with a horizontal direction in the process of changing from vertical downward to vertical upward, namely, a circular magnetic field which horizontally diverges outwards by taking the grinding head as a center is generated, and the hardness of a bigham body formed by the magnetorheological fluid in the circular field decreases progressively from inside to outside along with the magnetic field direction; finally, the magnetorheological fluid can form a truncated cone-shaped bingham body larger than the grinding head under the action of a magnetic field; under the ultrasonic vibration generated by the three-dimensional ultrasonic generator, the truncated cone-shaped bingham body can generate positive pressure on the surface of a workpiece in the vertical direction of a Z axis and can also generate shearing force on the surface of the workpiece in the horizontal directions of a Y axis and an X axis, the rotating motor 903 drives the grinding head 90607 to rotate, under the action of the positive pressure, shearing force in the circumferential direction can be generated on the whole contact surface of the truncated cone-shaped bingham body and the workpiece, under the action of the two shearing forces, the surface of the workpiece can be polished more quickly and thoroughly, and the polishing efficiency is higher; in the process of processing a curved surface with a small curvature radius, the truncated cone-shaped bingham body larger than the grinding head becomes more flexible under the assistance of the angular rotation and the angular swing of the rotary worktable 10, and the continuous circulation of the magnetorheological fluid not only can keep the stability of the components and the characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid, but also can take away a large amount of heat to ensure that the temperature of the processed surface is not too high.

Claims (9)

1. The multidimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precise grinding and polishing machine tool is characterized in that: the machine tool comprises a machine tool base, two groups of Y-direction moving rails, a Z-direction fixed bottom plate, a Z-direction moving rail, an X-direction fixed bottom plate, an X-direction moving rail, a linear driving module, a magnetorheological fluid circulating device, a rotary workbench, a tool head mounting bottom plate and a tool head; two groups of Y-direction moving rails are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of a machine tool base 1, two Z-direction fixing bottom plates are respectively fixed on the Y-direction moving rails on the left side and the right side, the two Z-direction moving rails are respectively fixed on the Z-direction fixing bottom plates, the X-direction fixing bottom plates are respectively fixed on the two Z-direction moving rails, and the X-direction moving rails are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the X-direction fixing bottom plates; the linear driving modules are respectively fixed in a group at the left side and the right side of the machine tool base and positioned in the middle of each Y-direction moving track, are respectively fixed in a group at the left side and the right side of the Z-direction fixed bottom plate and positioned in the middle of each Z-direction moving track, and are fixed in a group at the X-direction fixed bottom plate and positioned in the middle of the X-direction moving track; the magnetorheological fluid circulating device is fixed at the back of the middle of the machine tool base, and the rotary workbench is fixed at the front of the middle of the machine tool base; the tool head mounting plate is fixed on the X-direction moving track, and the tool head is fixed on the tool head mounting bottom plate.

2. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: y is to moving track and Z to moving track structure the same, wherein Y is to moving track including guide rail one, slider end cover and slider body I, wherein the guide rail one is fixed in on the lathe base left and right sides, and the slider end cover is connected with slider body I, slider body I and guide rail sliding connection.

3. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the X-direction moving track comprises a second guide rail, a second sliding block end cover and a second sliding block body, wherein the second guide rail is fixed on the left side and the right side of the X-direction fixed bottom plate, the second sliding block end cover is connected with the second sliding block body, and the second sliding block body is connected with the second guide rail in a sliding mode.

4. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the linear driving module comprises a fastening block, a flange plate, a bottom supporting seat, a ball screw, a movable connecting seat, a screw seat, a bottom supporting seat, a flange plate, a fastening block, an Oldham coupling and a driving motor, wherein the fastening block is fixed at the left end of the ball screw and tightly attached to the flange plate, the flange plate is fixed at the bottom supporting seat, the left end of the ball screw is rotatably connected with the bottom supporting seat, the right end of the ball screw is rotatably connected with the bottom supporting seat, the movable connecting seat is fixed on the screw seat, the screw seat is rotatably connected with the ball screw, the flange plate is fixed on the bottom supporting seat, the fastening block is fixed at the right end of the ball screw and tightly attached to the flange plate, the left end of the Oldham coupling is fixedly connected with the ball screw, the right.

5. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: magnetorheological suspensions circulating device includes nozzle, hose, wriggling hydraulic pump, agitator motor, control display screen and liquid reserve tank, and wherein nozzle and hose fixed connection, hose and wriggling hydraulic pump fixed connection, wriggling hydraulic pump are fixed in on the liquid reserve tank, and agitator motor is fixed in the central point position above the liquid reserve tank, and the control display screen is fixed in the upper right corner of liquid reserve tank, and the liquid reserve tank is fixed in on 1 middle part rear side of lathe base.

6. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rotary workbench comprises an outer support plate I, a small support frame, a rotary platform, a swing motor base, a small support frame, an outer support plate II, a platform mounting plate, a platform support base, a workbench fixing base plate, a deep groove ball bearing, a coupler, a swing transmission shaft I, a swing transmission shaft II and a deep groove ball bearing, wherein the outer support plate I is fixed on the platform support base, the small support frame is in key connection with the swing transmission shaft I, the rotary platform is fixed on the platform mounting plate, the swing motor is fixed on the swing motor base, the swing motor base is fixed on the outer support plate II, the small support frame is in key connection with the swing transmission shaft II, the outer support plate II is fixed on the platform support base, the left end of the platform mounting plate is fixed on the small support frame, the right end of the platform support base is fixed on the small support frame, the platform support base plate, the deep groove ball bearing is arranged on an outer support plate II, the left end of the coupler is fixedly connected with the swing motor, and the right end of the coupler is fixedly connected with the swing transmission shaft I and is arranged in a swing motor seat groove; the left end of the swing transmission shaft I is rotatably connected with the deep groove ball bearing, and the right end of the swing transmission shaft I is connected with the small support plate key; the left end of the swing transmission shaft II is connected with the small supporting plate key, and the right end of the swing transmission shaft II is rotationally connected with the deep groove ball bearing; and the deep groove ball bearing is arranged on the outer support plate II.

7. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: the rotary platform comprises a platform connecting seat, a platform supporting ring, a fixed connecting ring, a liquid sealing ring, a liquid collecting disc, a circular platform, a static pressure bearing, an inner fixed connecting ring, an inner connecting cover plate, a direct-drive motor, an inner separating ring, an outer end cover and an outer connecting cover plate, wherein the platform connecting seat is fixed on a platform mounting plate, the platform supporting ring is rotatably connected with the static pressure bearing, and the ring surface is tightly attached to the platform connecting seat; the fixed connecting ring is fixed on the platform supporting ring and is rotationally connected with the static pressure bearing; the liquid sealing ring is connected with the circular platform in an annular sealing manner, the liquid collecting disc is connected with the liquid sealing ring in an annular sealing manner, the circular platform is fixed on the static pressure bearing, and the static pressure bearing is rotatably connected with the platform supporting ring and supported by the platform supporting ring; the inner fixed connecting ring is fixed on the static pressure bearing and is rotationally connected with the platform connecting seat; the inner connecting cover plate is fixed on the inner fixed connecting ring and is rotationally connected with the outer connecting cover plate; the direct drive motor is arranged in an annular space formed by the inner isolation ring and the outer connecting cover plate and is tightly propped by the outer end cover; the inner isolation ring is fixed on the inner connecting cover plate, the outer end cover is fixed on the outer connecting cover plate, and the outer connecting cover plate is fixed on the platform connecting seat and is rotationally connected with the inner connecting cover plate.

8. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the tool head comprises an ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame, a connecting block, a rotating motor, an ultrasonic vibrator, a tool head connecting plate, a grinding head assembly, a connector, a square connecting block, an upper cross transmission shaft and a cross shaft coupler, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame is fixed on the connecting block, the connecting block is fixed on the tool head connecting plate, the rotating motor is fixed on the tool head connecting plate, the ultrasonic vibrator is fixed on the ultrasonic vibrator fixing frame, the tool head connecting plate is fixed on a tool head mounting bottom plate, the right side of the grinding head assembly is fixedly connected with the connector, the left side and the front portion of the grinding head assembly are fixedly connected with the square connecting block, the connector is fixed on the square connecting block, the square connecting block is fixed on the ultrasonic vibrator, the upper cross transmission shaft is fixed on the cross.

9. The multi-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted magnetorheological precision grinding and polishing machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: the grinding head assembly comprises a flexible hinge I, a square end cover, a lower cross-shaped transmission shaft, a flexible hinge II, a grinding head connecting block, a plastic outer shell, a grinding head sleeve, a plastic inner shell, a coil, a compression conductive spring, a flexible hinge I, a cross-shaped shaft sleeve, a tapered roller bearing, an insulating sleeve, a slip ring, an insulating gasket, an electric brush and a pressure sensor, wherein the left end of the flexible hinge I is fixed on the square connecting block, and the right end of the flexible hinge I is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block; the square end cover is fixed on the grinding head connecting block, and the upper end of the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft is in cross connection with the upper cross-shaped transmission shaft, is rotatably connected with the tapered roller bearing and is supported by the tapered roller bearing; the front end of the flexible hinge II is fixed on the connecting head, and the rear end of the flexible hinge II is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block; two ends of the grinding head connecting block are fixedly connected with the two flexible hinges I, and the third end of the grinding head connecting block is fixedly connected with the flexible hinge II; the plastic outer shell is fixed on the plastic inner shell, the grinding head is in threaded connection and fastening with the lower cross-shaped transmission shaft, the grinding head sleeve is fixedly connected with the grinding head, the plastic inner shell is fixedly connected with the grinding head sleeve, the coil is fixedly connected with the plastic inner shell, the compression conductive spring is arranged in a small hole of the grinding head connecting block, and one end with a small ball is properly compressed with the electric brush; the left end of the flexible hinge I is fixed on the square connecting block, and the right end of the flexible hinge I is fixedly connected with the grinding head connecting block; the cross shaft sleeve is rotatably connected with the lower cross transmission shaft, the upper end of the cross shaft sleeve is tightly propped against the tapered roller bearing, the tapered roller bearing is rotatably connected with the grinding head connecting block, the insulating sleeve is fixed on the lower cross transmission shaft, the sliding ring is fixed on the insulating sleeve, the insulating gasket is fixed on the insulating sleeve and positioned between the two sliding rings, the electric brush is rotatably connected with the sliding ring, and the pressure sensor is fixed on the grinding head.

Images