CN210628456U - 具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品 - Google Patents

具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN210628456U
CN210628456U CN201790001492.3U CN201790001492U CN210628456U CN 210628456 U CN210628456 U CN 210628456U CN 201790001492 U CN201790001492 U CN 201790001492U CN 210628456 U CN210628456 U CN 210628456U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermal
energy
energy source
thermally conductive
conductive member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201790001492.3U
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
M·D·斯迈克
J·L·索瑟德
R·J·维恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Graftech International Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Graftech International Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Graftech International Holdings Inc filed Critical Graftech International Holdings Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN210628456U publication Critical patent/CN210628456U/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/047—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/095—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/10—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/042—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/10—Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/12—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board next to a particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/14—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/04—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B32B9/007—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B32B9/025—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch comprising leather
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/042—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/048—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/06—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0275—Heating of spaces, e.g. rooms, wardrobes
    • H05B1/0277—Electric radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/04—4 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/025—Particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0207—Elastomeric fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/107—Ceramic
    • B32B2264/108—Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/302—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/706—Anisotropic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/16—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating mounted on, or adjacent to, a ceiling, wall or floor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • F28F21/068—Details for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/02—Flexible elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

本实用新型提供了一种具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品，其包括与所述能源热连通的导热构件，所述导热构件包括柔性石墨片；与所述导热构件热连通的热传递元件，所述热传递元件具有外表面。控制器与连接在热源或冷源中的电源可操作地通信，用于通过改变提供给热源或冷源的电能来调节占用者感知的温度。

Description

具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品
技术领域
本公开涉及用于内部空间的能量调节系统的石墨的应用，并且更具体地涉及用于调节可居住空间或车辆内部的占用者感知的温度的能量调节系统。能量调节系统包括具有与热能源热连通的节能构件的物品，该能源用作热源或冷源中的任一个或两个。能量调节系统还可包括控制器，其与热能源可操作地通信，以响应于传感器信息控制其操作。
背景技术
电池供电的电动车辆利用相同的电池系统来为电力牵引电机提供动力并且用于加热车辆驾驶室。这降低了车辆的行驶里程。在非常寒冷的环境中，如阿尔贡国家实验室(Argonne National Laboratory)报道，这可能导致电池供电电动车的行驶里程减少高达50％，参见 http://www.anl.gov/energy-systems/group/downloadable-dynamometer-database/el ectric-vehicles.
发明内容
本文公开的一个实施例包括能量调节系统。该系统包括可选地设置在外壳内的热能源。该系统还包括与热能源热连通的节能导热构件。热传递元件与构件热连通。热传递元件设置在外壳内。一个或多个温度传感器设置在构件或热传递元件中的至少一个上，并且控制器与温度传感器和能源可操作地通信，以控制热能源的热能产生。应当理解，前面的一般性描述和以下的详细描述都提供了本公开的实施方式，并且旨在提供对要求保护的本发明的性质和特征的理解的概述或框架。
附图说明
图1是外壳的实施例的示意图，该外壳可包括一个或多个本文所述的能量管理系统；
图2是可包括本文所述系统的外壳的第二实施例的替代示意图；
图3是本文公开的能量管理系统的实施例的示意图；
图4是本文公开的能量管理系统的实施例的示意图；
图5是本文公开的能量管理系统的实施例的示意图；
图6是本文公开的能量管理系统的实施例的示意图；
图7是本文公开的能量管理系统的实施例的示意图；
图8是本文公开的能量管理系统的实施例的示意图；
图9是示例中使用的测试装置的实施例；
图10是不包括节能导热构件的基线控制测试系统的温度和电能对时间的曲线图；
图11是本文所述示例A的温度和电能对时间的曲线图；
图12是本文所述示例B的温度和电能对时间的曲线图；
图13是本文所述示例C的温度和电能对时间的曲线图；
图14是本文所述示例D的温度和电能对时间的曲线图；以及
图15是本文所述示例D的温度和电能对时间的曲线图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1和图2，用于人或动物(未示出)占据的封闭空间4的能量调节系统总体上用2表示，下面描述的具体示例称为2a、2b和2c。能量调节系统2也可被称为温度调节系统，用于调节热传递构件10(如图3至图7所示)的外表面12的温度，其中表面暴露于空间4的占用者。关于整个系统，“调节”和“管理”可互换使用。在本文描述的示例实施例中，使用相同的附图标记来指代相同的元件。
在一个或多个示例中，如图1所示，系统2可位于外壳中，例如建筑物、房屋或其他类型的永久或临时住宅5的可居住空间4a的内部，用于调节外表面12附近的空间的占用者感知的温度。热传递构件10可以是建筑材料，其非限制性示例可包括但不限于乙烯基板、地板砖、瓷砖、木材、混凝土、墙板、墙纸，以及与这些建筑材料配合使用的垫层或背衬材料。
在一个或多个其他示例中，如图2所示，系统2可以是车辆6的部件，用于调节由诸如车辆内部4b的封闭空间的占用者感知的温度。车辆6可以是适于运输人、动物或温度敏感物品(诸如但不限于水果、蔬菜、流体、固体等) 的任何类型的车辆。车辆部件2的非限制性示例可包括但不限于座椅、座椅套、地板垫、地毯、门板、扶手、内饰件、仪表板件、臂枕、头枕、方向盘、头衬衬垫或其他天花板组件、地板面板、半拖车卧铺墙壁、床垫、车辆货物部分的一个或多个内表面或其他外围表面。
车辆6的非限制性示例可包括电动车辆(“EV”)、燃料电池电动车辆、混合气体和电动车辆，具有用于货物的热能系统的车辆，和包括温度调节的睡眠舱的车辆。能量调节系统2还可用于空间加热器、工业加热器、加热家具和/ 或加热衣服。
在其他示例中，系统2未被封闭，并且其调节具有暴露于人和/或动物(称为占用者)的表面的热传递元件的温度，用于加热或冷却它们。
现在图3中，系统2的示例总体上以2a示出。能量调节系统2a包括具有适于面向内部4的外表面12的热传递元件10，内部的示例包括建筑物5的内部4a(用于建筑材料)或车辆6的内部4b(用于车辆部件)。表面12将与占用者热连通，使得占用者暴露于系统2a的热调节作用。用于元件10的材料的其他非限制性示例可包括但不限于用于建筑物或车辆的布料、皮革、塑料、聚合物和地毯。
系统2a包括节能导热构件14，用于有效地将能量分散在系统中以加热或冷却热传递元件10。构件14用作系统2中的热能调节元件。构件14可包括下面进一步详细描述的一个或多个石墨片。如系统2a的示例所示，构件14邻近元件10设置，与表面12相对。除了本文所述的热调节效果之外，与传统建筑材料或车辆部件相比，构件14可提供改善的声音抑制。
在一个或多个示例中，构件14可以是剥离石墨的压缩颗粒的柔性石墨片。在一个或多个其他示例中，构件14可以是合成石墨，由石墨化聚合物片形成。合成石墨构件14可以是石墨化聚合物(也称为合成石墨)的柔性石墨片。在另一个示例中，一个或多个柔性石墨片14包括剥离(也称为膨胀)石墨和石墨化聚合物(也称为合成石墨)的压缩颗粒。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片 14包括剥离(也称为膨胀)石墨的压缩颗粒片和石墨化聚合物片(也称为合成石墨)。具有由柔性石墨构成的构件14将提供与能源一致的优点，并且当与其热连通时还具有与能源的低接触电阻。如本文所用，当热量可从一个物体传递到另一个物体时，两个物体处于热连通。在一个示例中，两个物体间隔开，使得热量通过辐射和/或对流(通过周围气流)从一个物体传递到另一个物体。在另一个示例中，两个物体彼此物理接触。
在至少一个示例中，柔性石墨片14的厚度范围为约0.001mm至约1.0mm。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片的厚度范围为约0.025mm至约0.5mm。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片的厚度范围为约0.05mm至约0.250mm。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片的厚度范围为约0.05mm至约0.150mm。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片的厚度范围为约0.07mm至约0.125mm。
在特定实施例中，柔性石墨片14大体上不含树脂，其中不含树脂被定义为低于常规检测极限。在其他示例中，柔性石墨片具有小于1％重量比的树脂。在至少一个特定示例中，柔性石墨片14不是树脂浸渍的，例如不是环氧树脂浸渍的。
在一个示例中，构件14具有至少约140W/m*K的面内导热率。在另一个示例中，该构件具有至少约250W/m*K的面内导热率。在另一个示例中，该构件具有至少约400W/m*K的面内导热率。如果需要，构件的面内导热率的上端可包括高达2000W/m*K。
柔性石墨片14可具有相对少量的粘合剂或不具有粘合剂。在至少一个示例中，柔性石墨14片可具有小于10％重量比的粘合剂。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片14可具有小于5％重量比的粘合剂。在至少一个示例中，柔性石墨片 14大体上不含粘合剂，其中不含粘合剂被定义为低于常规检测极限。
柔性石墨片14可具有相对少量的增强材料，或不具有增强材料。增强材料被定义为连续石墨基质中存在的连续或不连续的固相。增强材料的示例包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、塑料纤维和金属纤维。在至少一个示例中，柔性石墨片 14可具有小于50％重量比的增强材料。在另一个示例中，柔性石墨片14可具有小于5％重量比的增强材料。在至少一个特定示例中，柔性石墨片14可大体上不含增强材料，其中不含增强材料被定义为低于常规检测极限。
由合成石墨形成的构件14的前体可以是选自聚亚苯基恶二唑(POD)、聚苯并噻唑(PBT)、聚苯并双噻唑(PBBT)、聚苯并恶唑(PBO)、聚苯并双恶唑(PBBO)、聚苯二甲酰亚胺(PI)、聚苯基间苯甲酰胺(PPA)、聚苯并苯并咪唑(PBI)、聚(苯并二硝唑)(PPBI)、聚噻唑(PT)和聚对苯乙炔(PPV) 的聚合物薄膜。聚亚苯基恶二唑包括聚亚苯基-1,3,4-恶二唑及其异构体。当以适当的方式热处理时，这些聚合物能够转化成高质量的石墨。尽管用于起始薄膜的聚合物陈述为选自POD、PBT、PBBT、PBO、PBBO、PI、PPA、PBI、 PPBI、PT和PPV，但也可使用通过热处理可产生高质量石墨的其它聚合物。
系统2a可包括热能源，诸如但不限于，与构件14热连通设置的热源16。热源16可包括电阻加热器，非限制性示例是加热丝。在一个示例中，热源16 嵌入织物17中，诸如非织造织物，非限制性示例是毡。非织造织物17可提供绝缘性能。热源16还可包括从可用的废热能源重新捕获并传送到构件14的废热。车辆中可用的废热能源包括电池、电容器、燃料电池、电机、逆变器和其他电力电子设备以及内燃机。将热能从热能源输送到热源16的方法包括但不限于通过高导热率材料(例如铝、石墨或铜)的传导和通过流体(例如空气、制冷剂、水或冷却剂)的自然或强制对流。
可通过感应无线地加热构件14来任选地更换或补充热源16。这种无线加热可由从驱动过程转换的动能转换的磁场支持。或者，可使用其他车载电源来强制产生磁感应场，诸如来自电池或来自再生制动系统，以通过位于与构件 14相邻的感应线圈在点源处产生磁场。在这种感应加热情况下，石墨是优选的材料，因为它能够与磁场感应耦合以产生热量，并利用其优越的能量分布能力，以便从局部耦合事件有效地将热能传递到更均匀分布的表面。
热源16的其他示例可包括但不限于PTC加热器、天然气或其他可燃点热源。热源16可以是这样的源，其特别适用于建筑物中使用的热调节物品。热源可包括加热流体(例如水、水和乙二醇流体)或废热装置。
在图3所示的示例中，系统2a包括邻近热源16设置的绝缘体18，使得热源设置在构件14和绝缘体18之间。绝缘体18的非限制性示例可包括但不限于玻璃纤维、聚氨酯和软木。在一些非限制性示例中，绝缘体18是可选元件。
系统2a可固定到基层20的表面22，基层20被包括在作为建筑物5或车辆6的一部分中。在结合到可居住空间4中的系统2的示例中，基层20可包括墙、地板、天花板或建筑物5的其它部件。在系统2的其他示例中，基层 20可包括形成车辆一部分的金属或其他材料。
电源24可以可操作地连接到热源16，用于供电以加热热源。在一个非限制性示例中，电源24是电池，其向电阻加热器16供电。控制器30可操作地连接到电源24以控制对热源16的供电以提供热调节。控制器30可使用来自一个或多个传感器40的信息来控制从电源24到热源16的供电。在一个非限制性示例中，热传感器40(也称为温度传感器)可设置于表面12，其可用于在表面检测温度，以任何合适的方式将温度信息传送到控制器30。在一个或多个其他示例中，传感器40可位于空间4或车辆6内的任何位置，诸如但不限于在构件14上。此外，传感器40可位于构件14或热传递元件10中的任一个附近。这里使用的“附近”表示传感器可位于特定部件的内部或外部。在一个或多个其他示例中，附加传感器可位于空间4外部的任何位置。这些外部传感器可用于预测将影响内部舒适性的外部环境的变化。
控制器30可以是比例-积分-微分(“PID”)控制器，其使用控制回路反馈机构来控制电能应用，从而调节空间4或4’中的人、动物或物体感受到的温度。使用石墨构件14与PID控制器30的组合增加了温度调节系统2的热灵敏度，从而提高了控制器的灵敏度和响应性，以传递具有较小变化的更稳定的温度，如被更严格地控制到平均目标温度，降低了目标温度的标准偏差，降低了目标温度周围的范围等证实的那样。这将具有避免超过温度目标的效果，这反过来又促进了极大改善的热均匀性以及能量效率。
现在参考图4，系统2b的示例包括与元件10相邻设置的热源16与表面 12相对。系统2b还包括如上所述的可选的由石墨形成的节能导热构件14与热源16相邻设置，并且可选的与构件14相邻设置的绝缘体18(如上所述)。绝缘体18与上述的基层20相邻设置。或者，如果不使用绝缘体18，则该构件与基层20相邻设置。
现在参考图5，热调节系统2c的示例包括在表面12的相对侧上邻近元件 10设置的构件14。系统2c还包括与调节器14相邻设置的热源16和与热源16 相邻设置的第二构件14，使得热源夹在第一构件和第二构件之间。可选的绝缘体18(如上所述)与第二构件14相邻设置。绝缘体18也如上所述于基层 20相邻设置。或者，如果不使用绝缘体，则第二构件14与基层20相邻设置。在热调节系统2c的一个或多个其他示例中，热源16与热调节系统2c分开设置。
已经发现，更薄和更导热的材料往往在热响应性、促进能量效率和限制受热控制的表面的变化方面具有通常更大的优点。
如本文所述，在车辆中使用系统2通过减少来自车载电池的能量消耗来增加车辆的功能和效率。使用系统2直接加热车辆的占用者可提高他们的舒适度；从而最终增加车辆可行驶里程而不牺牲车厢舒适度。
本文包括的实施例的一个优点是占用者可在暴露于外表面12的整个身体中体验到均匀的舒适性。另一个优点可包括提高车辆6的效率。由于调节器的高导热性，车辆系统的电效率可提高。另一个优点是由热调节系统2提供的温度调节的热响应性的提高。此外，由于柔性石墨的各向异性性质，石墨构件 14的薄度还可相对于其他节能导热构件材料提供减轻的重量。
现在参考图6至图8，热调节系统2d、2e和2f的其他示例(下文中一般称为系统2)可包括代替热源16或与热源16结合的冷源66。非限制性示例冷源66的冷却源可包括但不限于冷却流体(例如水、水和乙二醇流体)、制冷剂流体、珀耳帖装置或废冷源。控制器30使用一个或多个温度传感器40来控制产生由冷源提供的冷的电源。控制器30可以是PID控制器。
系统2还可包括与绝缘体18结合使用的铝、铜或其他金属，以增强热敏感性和响应性，以提高热调节系统的能量效率。
本文公开的实施例包括能量管理系统。该系统包括热能源。源可位于外壳中。热能源可提供加热、冷却或其两者。该系统还可包括与热能源热连通的节能导热构件。此外，该系统可包括与该构件热连通的热传递元件。热传递元件可设置在外壳内。温度传感器可设置在热传递元件上或构件上。该系统还可包括与传感器和能源通信的控制器。控制器可控制来自能源的能量的施加。
构件14可包括柔性石墨片。合适类型的柔性石墨的非限制性示例包括剥离(也称为膨胀)石墨的压缩颗粒片、石墨化聚合物片及其组合中的至少一种。
柔性石墨的其他特定示例可包括具有不大于0.25W/K的热常数的柔性石墨，通过将柔性石墨的厚度乘以柔性石墨的面内导热率来确定热常数。热常数的其他示例包括不大于0.20W/K，不大于0.10W/K，不大于0.05W/K，不大于 0.04W/K，不大于0.02W/K或不大于0.015W/K。
系统2可包括与能源热连通的第二构件14，其中第二构件可设置在能源下方，并且构件可设置在能源上方。
系统2的可选部件可包括与能源、构件、热传递元件及其组合中的至少一个热连通的绝缘层。
另一可选部件包括设置在能源的通信中的电源。电源的非限制性合适示例包括锂离子电池、铅酸电池、镁电池或燃料电池。该应用的优选电池尺寸是适于为车辆提供动力的电池的尺寸。
热能源的其他非限制性示例包括以下：电阻加热元件、废热回收、热能传递流体。废热回收的实施例可以是由锂离子电池组的操作产生的热量。
在特定实施例中，能源与构件的第一表面的表面区域的不超过25％接触。在另一个实施例中，构件的第一表面的表面区域比能源的表面区域大至少 25％。
构件14还可包括与柔性石墨片相邻的增强材料。增强材料包括纤维增强聚合物、合成织物、纤维编织物、纤维垫或其组合中的至少一种。尼龙是增强材料的一个特定的非限制性示例。另一个可选的元件是物品可包括保护涂层。保护涂层可与石墨构件的第一表面或第二表面中的一个对齐。如果保护涂层如增强材料般与石墨片的相同表面对齐，则在一个实施例中，增强材料与石墨片相邻并且保护涂层与增强材料相邻。如果需要，增强材料和/或保护涂层可至少大体上覆盖石墨片的所有主表面以及石墨片的一个或多个边缘表面。保护涂层的示例包括塑料，诸如但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰亚胺或其他合适的塑料。保护涂层可提供将石墨片与另一部件电隔离的益处。如果需要，保护涂层可仅包括穿孔。
在可选实施例中，保护涂层(也称为层)可位于石墨片的与增强材料相对的表面上。例如如果增强材料与石墨片的第一表面对齐，则保护涂层可与石墨片的第二表面对齐。可选地，保护涂层可粘附到第二表面。特别的进一步的实施例包括第二保护涂层，其位于与增强材料相邻并与石墨片相对。
类似于保护涂层可在物品的两个外表面上，同样，增强材料层可在石墨片的两侧。在该实施例中，保护涂层可位于一个或两个石墨表面上。
在进一步的实施例中，物品可包括第二石墨片。第二石墨片可以是剥离石墨的压缩颗粒片或石墨化聚合物片。优选地，在该实施例中，增强材料位于第一石墨片和第二石墨片之间。该实施例还可包括在石墨片的外表面、第二石墨片或两者上的保护涂层。
本文描述的一个或多个的系统2的优点是提高能量效率，诸如减少以提供使外壳的占用者舒适的热能的电源的使用。另外或代替减少电源使用的优点，一个或多个实施例的另一个优点可包括减少系统实现稳态温度的时间。另一个优点可包括均匀性，其可以是外壳的占用者在占用者与其连通的外壳的表面区域上所经历的温度均匀性的增加，和/或环境变为均匀温度的时间。
可在系统中使用本文公开的实施例以比不包括能量调节器的系统快至少 25％的速率实现期望的温度。在进一步情况下，获得所需温度的时间减少可比没有能量调节器的对照快至少35％。在另外的实施例中，实现所需温度的响应速率的改善可以是响应时间减少约50％。
此外，本文包括的实施例不仅能够更快地达到设定温度(也称为期望温度)，而且能够消耗更少能量。例如本文公开的实施例包括将实现设定温度的时间减少至少25％，同时消耗少20％的能量。在另一个实施例中，达到设定温度的时间减少至少35％，并且能量消耗的减少为至少40％。在另外的实施例中，达到设定点温度的时间减少至少45％，并且能量消耗的减少为至少 45％。
本文公开的实施例的另一个优点可包括一旦达到所需的设定温度，就可在给定时间段内将温度保持在设定温度，同时消耗更少的能量。例如，一旦达到设定温度，就可将其保持约两小时，同时能量消耗减少约10+％或更多；优选约15％或更多。
外壳的非限制性替代实施例包括具有乘客舱的运输模式。外壳可设置在非稳态环境中。非稳态环境的示例可包括外部环境。
可在系统中使用本文公开的实施例，以比不包括本文所述的能量调节系统部件的系统以快至少25％的速率实现期望温度。在进一步情况下，获得期望温度的时间减少可快至少35％。在另外的实施例中，获得期望温度的时间减少可快至少50％。
本文公开的实施例的另一个优点可包括一旦达到期望的设定温度，就可在给定时间段内将温度保持在设定温度，同时消耗更少的能量。例如，一旦达到设定温度，就可将其保持约两小时，同时能量消耗减少约10％或更多；优选约15％或更多。
本文描述的系统2可用于制造具有占用者加热系统的车辆的方法中，并且随后用于加热车辆的另一种方法中。在制造车辆的方法的一个实施例中，车辆是具有电池的电动车辆，例如锂离子电池，其尺寸适于为车辆提供动力。该方法包括将如本文所述的构件放置成与加热器热连通，并将构件和/或加热器放置成与诸如本文所述的热传递材料热连通。加热元件由电源供电，并且可通过如本文所述的控制器来控制电力的施加。本文公开的系统的各种可选组件也适用于上述方法。
示例
现在将根据以下示例进一步描述本文公开的发明。这些示例仅出于示例性目的而包括在本文中，并不意味着限制所要求保护的主题。
图9示出的是总体上以100标记的测试装置，用于测试本文所述的至少一些示例。测试装置100包括外部机壳105和盖106。机壳105和盖106可由任何合适的材料构成。如果需要，机壳105和盖106可将测试样品与外部环境热隔离。测试装置可包括支座104。所示的支座由绝缘材料构成，但是用于支座的材料的选择不是限制因素。
测试装置100还包括外壳101，外壳101具有底部102，以及装配外壳101 的盖子103。外壳的尺寸适于装配在机壳105内。使用铝作为外壳101和盖子 103的构成材料，然而，如果需要，其他材料可用于其中之一或两者。在测试装置100中示出了如本文所述的示例系统2c。系统2c包括两个底部绝缘层18。如图所示，系统2c如本文所述包括两个构件14。加热器16包括加热线108 和传感器110。加热器线108可由诸如电池(未示出)的电源供电。
测试装置包括作为热传递元件10的橡胶垫(通常称为车辆地板垫)和设置在垫10的上表面12上的温度传感器110。传感器110与控制器通信(未示出)。该系统放置在外壳底部的表面22的顶部并与之接触
在测试示例A中，如图3所示的系统2a，其包括设置在加热器16顶部的 10微米合成构件14，以及设置在加热器下方的聚氨酯泡沫绝缘体18，使用测试装置100进行测试。
由系统2a实施的示例产品可以是加热的地板垫。这种垫表面将放置在具有构件的电阻加热器上；例如合成石墨片，放置在加热器表面的顶部上，并且该组件的其余部分放置在汽车驾驶室地板上并用合适的热隔离屏障隔离。该示例包括使用厚度为10微米的合成石墨膜构件14，在每一侧涂有PET膜 (～0.05mm)的薄层。这种被涂覆的石墨膜可从俄亥俄州莱克伍德的先进能源技术有限责任公司以商品名
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002349653070000131
SS1800-0.010(热常数0.018W/K)购得。将构件14放置在购得的电阻加热元件16的顶部上，例如可从Dorman-产品号 641-307购得，其具有4Ω的内阻。加热元件16设置在合适的绝缘材料18的顶部，诸如约6mm厚(未压缩)的吹制聚氨酯泡沫层，所有这些都如图所示搁置在冷表面20上。测试装置100中的冷表面温度保持在0℃，并且通过PID 控制器(诸如Extech 48VFL)根据所采用的特定加热方案优化独立地调节将表面温度主动控制到18℃，以实现作为热传递元件10的薄聚氨酯材料的目标表面温度(18℃)。
图10中示出了不包括导热构件14的对照的温度对时间和电能对时间的曲线图。如图所示，在控制器(未示出)的控制下，能量/电能200被供应到加热元件16。冷冻器温度在202处示出。外壳101的温度在204处示出。外壳 101中的空气温度的变化(Δ)是外壳204中的温度减去冷冻器温度202，在 206处示出。绝缘层18顶部的温度在208处示出。热传递构件10的温度在210 处示出。热传递构件210的温度减去冷冻器温度202在212处示出。
图11中示出了示例A的温度和电能对时间的曲线图，与图10中所示的曲线图类似的项目用相似的附图标记表示。在该示例中，观察到从初始状态0℃到目标传递元件表面温度18℃的加热速率实现为6.8分钟，这比不采用石墨构件14的示例的对照版本快46.0％。还观察到，从初始状态到目标表面温度的加热过程所消耗的总能量为6.3W·h，比没有构件14的对照消耗的总能量少 46.2％。使用PID控制器将传递元件的温度在18℃持1.85小时，同时在测试装置中保持0℃的温度。在该间隔内消耗的总能量为60.97W·hr，与对照相比，在该间隔内消耗的总能量减少15％。
在另一个测试示例B中，图5中示出的系统2c其包括直接设置在加热器 16顶部的第一10微米合成石墨构件14，直接设置在加热器下方的第二10微米合成石墨构件14，以及设置在第二构件下方(与加热器16相对)的聚氨酯泡沫绝缘体18，使用测试装置100测试。
该实施例使用两个合成石墨膜构件14的单独的层，其用作本文所述的能量调节器。构件14具有10微米的厚度并且在每一侧上涂覆有PET薄膜 (～0.05mm)。这种被涂覆构件14可从先进能源技术有限责任公司以商品名
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002349653070000141
SS1800-0.010(热常数0.018W/K)购得。在该示例中，电阻加热元件 16与示例A中的相同，其可从Dorman-产品号641-307购得，具有4Ω的内阻。加热元件16夹在两个单独的构件14之间。所有上述的都与机壳结构105隔离，位于合适的绝缘材料18的顶部，诸如约6mm厚的吹制聚氨酯泡沫层，最后搁置在冷表面22。冷表面22的温度保持在0℃，表面温度通过PID控制器(诸如Extech 48VFL)根据所采用的特定加热方案优化独立地调节主动控制在18℃，以实现作为热传递元件10的薄聚氨酯表面材料的目标表面温度。
图12示出了温度对时间和电能对时间的曲线图，与图10中所示的曲线图类似的项目用相似的附图标记表示。可观察到，从初始状态0℃到目标座椅表面温度18℃的加热速率实现为5.8分钟，比不采用石墨膜的该情况的对照版本快54.0％。观察到该加热过程从初始热状态到目标表面温度所消耗的总能量为 5.9W·h，比没有该构件的对照消耗的总能量少49.6％。目标温度由PID控制器调节，在18℃动态保持1.85小时，同时与初始状态温度为0℃的测试装置连续接触，作为一般环境，在该间隔内消耗的总能量为68.1W·h，与对照相比，在该间隔内消耗的总能量减少5.0％。
在另一个测试示例C中，图4中示出的系统2b，其包括直接设置在加热器16下方的10微米合成石墨构件14和设置在构件下方(与加热器16相对) 的聚氨酯泡沫绝缘体18，使用测试装置100测试
在该示例中，加热器16的表面与形成表面材料的热传递元件10直接接触。构件14形成用于合成石墨膜，其厚度为10微米，导热率为1800W/m·K(热常数0.018W/K)，其每侧进一步涂覆PET膜(0.05mm厚度)的薄层。如示例 A和示例B所述，可购得这种石墨膜。在这个实施例中，将构件14放在购得的电阻加热器16的底部，购得的电阻加热器16与示例A和示例B中使用的加热器相同。加热器16和构件14定位在热传递元件10下方，其被加热和通过在其顶部放置约6mm(未压缩)的吹制聚氨酯泡沫层的绝缘材料18与机壳底座隔离。然后将整个组件放置在冷表面20上。将测试装置100的温度主动控制在0℃，并通过PID控制器(例如Extech 48VFL)根据所采用的特定加热方案优化独立地调节将表面温度独立控制到18℃，以实现聚氨酯热传递元件表面12的目标表面温度。在该实施例中，观察到从初始状态0℃到目标表面 12温度18℃的加热速率实现为9.3分钟，比没有构件14的该示例的对照版本快26.2％。
图13示出温度和电能对时间的曲线图，与图10中所示的曲线图类似的项目用相似的附图标记表示。还可观察到，从初始温度0℃到目标表面温度18℃的加热过程所消耗的总能量为9.28W·h，比用于相同条件的对照消耗的总能量少20.5％。目标温度由PID控制器在18℃动态保持1.85小时，同时与环境周围温度0℃保持接触，在该间隔内消耗的总能量为71.7W·h，相对于对照的总能量没有显着影响。如该实施例中所述，将石墨构件14放置在基部处，该构件使得加热器支持加热速率的加速和一些如上表明的节能(在短间隔内)。它还可提供稍高的加热表面温度梯度的益处。这可能具有对与表面12接触的乘客来说支持更显着的加热质量的影响。
在另一个测试示例D中，图3中示出的系统2a，其包括40微米厚的剥离石墨压缩颗粒(CPEG)片，其用作设置在加热器16顶部的构件14，以及设置在加热器下方的聚氨酯泡沫绝缘体18，使用测试装置100测试。
由该系统体现的示例产品可以是加热的地板垫或加热的座椅。该垫表面将放置在电阻加热器上，天然石墨构件放置在加热器表面的顶部上，然后该组件放置在汽车驾驶室地板20上并被合适的热隔离屏障18隔离。一个该种示例包括使用
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002349653070000161
SS400CPEG薄膜作为构件14，具有40微米的厚度，每侧涂有PET膜(～0.05mm)的薄层。这种被涂覆的石墨膜可从先进能源技术有限责任公司以商品名SS400-0.040(热常数0.016W/K)购得。石墨膜14放置在例如可从Dorman-产品号641-307购得，其具有4Ω的内阻的电阻加热器16的顶部上，其设置在合适的绝缘材料18的顶部上。在该示例中，绝缘体18是吹制的聚氨酯泡沫层，厚度约为6毫米(未压缩)。该组件设置在冷表面22上。测试装置100中的温度保持在0℃，并且热传递元件表面12的目标温度为 18℃，其由PID控制器(诸如Extech 48VFL)主动控制(根据所采用的特定加热方案优化独立地调节)。热传递元件10是聚氨酯材料。图14中示出温度和电能对时间的曲线图，与图10中所示的曲线图类似的项目用相似的附图标记表示。在该示例中，可观察到热传递元件的初始状态0℃至目标温度18℃的加热速率实现为6.6分钟，这比该示例的没有采用石墨构件14的对照版本快 47.6％。观察到在该示例中，从初始状态到目标表面温度的加热过程所消耗的总能量为6.1W·h，比对照消耗的总能量少47.9％。目标温度由PID控制器调节，在18℃动态保持1.85小时，同时连续接触与一般环境相同的初始状态温度0℃，在该间隔内消耗的总能量为61.9W·h，在该间隔内消耗的总能量比对照少13.6％。该实施例提供垫表面温度的快速升温并使加热表面热绝缘，以将其热量与下面的下层冷舱室结构隔离。在这种情况下，使用高导热率的石墨构件，支持具有能量效率改进的热质量增强件。
在另一个测试示例E中，图3中示出的系统2a，其包括125微米厚的铝片，其用作设置在加热器16顶部的构件14，并且设置在加热器下方的聚氨酯泡沫绝缘体18，使用测试装置100测试。
由该系统体现的示例产品可以是加热的地板垫或加热的座椅。形成热传递元件10的这种垫或座椅将放置在电阻加热器16上，铝构件14放置在加热器表面的顶部上，然后该组件放置在汽车驾驶室地板20上并被合适的热隔离屏障18隔离。这种示例将结合使用厚度为125微米的铝节能导热构件14，在每一侧涂有PET膜(～0.05mm)的薄层。在该示例中，铝构件14放置在具有4 Ω内阻的上述购得的电阻加热器16的顶部上，位于约6mm厚(未压缩)的绝缘材料18的吹制聚氨酯泡沫层的顶部上。将该组件放置在冷表面20上。测试装置的温度保持在0℃，并且通过诸如Extech 48VFL的PID控制器(根据所采用的特定加热方案优化独立地调节)将热传递元件12的表面温度主动调节到18℃，以实现热传递元件10的表面12的表面温度为18℃。
图15中示出温度和电能对时间的曲线图，与图10中所示的曲线图类似的项目用相似的附图标记表示。在该示例中，可观察到从初始状态0℃到目标座椅表面温度18℃的加热速率实现为11.0分钟，这比该示例不采用铝构件14的对照快12.7％。另外还观察到，从初始状态到目标表面温度的加热过程所消耗的总能量为10.2W·hr，比对照消耗的总能量少12.8％。进一步注意到，目标温度由PID控制器调节，在18℃动态保持1.85小时，同时连续接触与一般环境相同的初始状态温度0℃，在该间隔内消耗的总能量为70.7W·h，与对照相比，在该间隔内消耗的总能量减少1.4％。该实施例将提供垫或座椅表面温度的快速升温并使加热表面12热绝缘，以将其热量与下面的下层冷舱室结构隔离。在这种情况下，使用高导热率的铝构件14，支持具有能量效率改进的热质量增强件。对于轻量化和加热速率不是主要驱动因素的应用，在支持相对较短的行驶里程时，该能效提高是可接受的。
表1中提供了实施例A至实施例E的结果的概述。
表1
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0002349653070000181
本文描述的各种实施方案可以以其任何组合实施。以上描述旨在使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明，并不旨在详述在阅读本说明书后将对技术人员而言变得显而易见的所有可能的变化和修改。然而，所有这些修改和变化都包括在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。除非上下文明确指出相反的情况，否则权利要求旨在覆盖有效实现本发明目的的任何布置或顺序中的指示元素和步骤。
本申请中提及的所有引用的专利和出版物均通过引用整体并入。
如此描述了本发明，将清楚它可以以许多方式变化。在阅读和理解前面的说明书之后，其他人将想到修改和变更。本发明旨在被解释为包括所有这些修改和变化，只要它们落入所附权利要求或其等同物的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，其特征在于，包括：
与所述能源热连通的导热构件，所述导热构件包括柔性石墨片；
与所述导热构件热连通的热传递元件，所述热传递元件具有外表面；
设置在所述热传递元件和所述导热构件中的至少一个附近的温度传感器；
与所述温度传感器和所述能源可操作地通信的控制器，用于响应来自所述温度传感器的信号以控制对所述热能源的供电；以及
与所述热能源可操作地通信的电源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，其中所述柔性石墨具有不大于0.25W/K的热常数，所述热常数通过将所述柔性石墨的厚度乘以所述柔性石墨的面内导热率来确定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，还包括与所述能源、所述构件和所述热传递元件中的至少一个热连通的绝缘层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，其中所述热能源包括电阻加热元件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，其中所述导热构件还包括内表面，并且所述能源与所述内表面的表面区域的不超过25％物理接触。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，还包括第二导热构件，所述第二导热构件包括与所述热能源热连通的柔性石墨片，其中所述能源设置在所述导热构件和所述第二导热构件之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的具有用于调节来自热能源的能量的能量调节系统的电动车辆，其中所述导热构件设置在所述能源上方，并且所述第二导热构件设置在所述能源下方。
8.一种封闭在车辆内的热调节物品，其特征在于，包括：
具有外表面的热传递元件；
与所述热传递元件热连通的导热构件，所述导热构件包括柔性石墨片，所述柔性石墨片包括剥离石墨的压缩颗粒片、石墨化聚合物片及其组合中的至少一种；
与所述导热构件和所述热传递元件中的至少一个热连通的热能源，其中所述能源包括感应线圈或电阻加热元件中的一个；以及
设置在所述热传递元件和节能导热构件中的一个附近的温度传感器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的热调节物品，还包括与所述能源、所述导热构件和所述热传递元件中的至少一个热连通的绝缘层。
10.根据权利要求8所述的热调节物品，其中所述柔性石墨具有不大于0.25W/K的热常数，所述热常数通过将所述柔性石墨的厚度乘以所述柔性石墨的面内导热率来确定。
CN201790001492.3U 2016-12-06 2017-12-06 具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品 Active CN210628456U (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662430537P 2016-12-06 2016-12-06
US62/430,537 2016-12-06
PCT/US2017/064887 WO2018106793A1 (en) 2016-12-06 2017-12-06 Energy regulating system and methods using same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN210628456U true CN210628456U (zh) 2020-05-26

Family

ID=62491352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201790001492.3U Active CN210628456U (zh) 2016-12-06 2017-12-06 具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20190257598A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3552267B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3224671U (zh)
KR (1) KR102643512B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN210628456U (zh)
CA (1) CA3039632A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2946545T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018106793A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6751419B2 (ja) * 2018-04-16 2020-09-02 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ ヒータ装置
CN115996839A (zh) * 2020-02-28 2023-04-21 新格拉夫解决方案有限责任公司 热管理系统
US11707918B2 (en) * 2020-09-03 2023-07-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Radiant panel

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19647935C5 (de) * 1996-11-20 2009-08-20 Ts Thermo Systeme Gmbh Elektrische Innenraumheizung für Wohnwagen
US7202444B2 (en) * 1999-01-25 2007-04-10 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Flexible seat heater
US6542371B1 (en) * 2000-11-02 2003-04-01 Intel Corporation High thermal conductivity heat transfer pad
US8382004B2 (en) * 2001-04-04 2013-02-26 Graftech International Holdings Inc. Flexible graphite flooring heat spreader
US6843426B2 (en) * 2003-04-01 2005-01-18 Justin E. Isaacson Automobile radiant heating apparatus
US7880121B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2011-02-01 David Naylor Modular radiant heating apparatus
US8686598B2 (en) * 2008-09-27 2014-04-01 Witricity Corporation Wireless energy transfer for supplying power and heat to a device
JP5805509B2 (ja) * 2011-11-30 2015-11-04 トヨタ紡織株式会社 ヒータ制御装置及び車両用シートヒータ
DE102012204124A1 (de) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Sgl Carbon Se Wärmeleitendes Verbundelement auf Basis von expandiertem Graphit
US9368843B2 (en) * 2012-06-04 2016-06-14 Graftech International Holdings, Inc. Battery pack assembly
DE102012015375A1 (de) 2012-08-03 2014-02-06 Daimler Ag Innenverkleidungsbauteil und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Innenverkleidungsbauteils
KR20140105640A (ko) 2013-02-22 2014-09-02 (주)엘지하우시스 복사열을 이용한 자동차용 면상 발열체
DE102013214548B4 (de) * 2013-07-25 2022-08-11 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung
DE102013214554A1 (de) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Heizen des Innenraums eines Fahrzeugs
JP6070525B2 (ja) 2013-12-06 2017-02-01 株式会社デンソー 熱輸送装置
US9852843B2 (en) * 2014-07-14 2017-12-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for adjustable coupling for improved wireless high Q resonant power transfer
CN107251247B (zh) * 2014-11-14 2021-06-01 查尔斯·J·柯西 加热和冷却技术

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102643512B1 (ko) 2024-03-07
EP3552267A4 (en) 2020-08-19
WO2018106793A1 (en) 2018-06-14
JP3224671U (ja) 2020-01-16
US20190257598A1 (en) 2019-08-22
KR20190090378A (ko) 2019-08-01
EP3552267B1 (en) 2023-05-17
ES2946545T3 (es) 2023-07-20
EP3552267A1 (en) 2019-10-16
CA3039632A1 (en) 2018-06-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN210628456U (zh) 具有能量调节系统的电动车辆和热调节物品
US20220016956A1 (en) System and method for distributed thermoelectric heating and cooling
CN106457972B (zh) 车辆用制热装置
CN107251247B (zh) 加热和冷却技术
JP6011430B2 (ja) 輻射ヒータ空調システム
CN107531127B (zh) 加热器装置
US20090301116A1 (en) Climate controlling system
US11459131B2 (en) Satellite with a thermal switch and associated methods
US20220000191A1 (en) Heating and cooling technologies
KR20160130696A (ko) 열 웨이브-기반 시트 히팅
CN113183720A (zh) 一种电动汽车地板式采暖系统
CN211166638U (zh) 一种整体式快餐保温车
JPH09286231A (ja) 車輛用暖房装置
CN220842131U (zh) 车辆
US11820206B2 (en) Climate control device
US20240116333A1 (en) Heater for electric vehicle
CN110861565A (zh) 一种整体式快餐保温车及操作方法
EP4295645A2 (en) Infrared heating and heat transfer element including nanocomposite
JP2011218970A (ja) 車両用温度制御装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant