CN210528988U - Special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by ultrasonic liquid knife - Google Patents
Special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by ultrasonic liquid knife Download PDFInfo
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- CN210528988U CN210528988U CN201921092293.5U CN201921092293U CN210528988U CN 210528988 U CN210528988 U CN 210528988U CN 201921092293 U CN201921092293 U CN 201921092293U CN 210528988 U CN210528988 U CN 210528988U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the field of metal material surface nanocrystallization, in particular to a special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by an ultrasonic liquid knife. The ultrasonic generator of the device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the liquid knife device comprises a liquid knife liquid inlet pipe, an impact liquid tank, a liquid knife nozzle and a liquid knife pressurizing tank, the input end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator, the output end of the ultrasonic transducer extends into the impact liquid tank through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, one side of the impact liquid tank is communicated with one end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe, the other end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the liquid knife pressurizing tank, the bottom of the impact liquid tank is communicated with the liquid knife nozzle, and the lower part of the liquid knife nozzle corresponds to a metal plate. The utility model discloses a produce plastic deformation processing on the material top layer, make material top layer crystalline grain size by surface to inside be nanometer size crystalline grain, submicron size crystalline grain, deformation crystalline grain and initial crystalline grain structure in proper order.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of metal material surface nanocrystallization, in particular to a special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by an ultrasonic liquid knife.
Background
At present, the method for forming a gradient structure on the surface of a shaft metal material mainly comprises the following steps:
① surface mechanical grinding method
The surface mechanical grinding treatment method is characterized in that the surface of a material to be treated is impacted by a shot moving at a high speed, so that strong plastic deformation is generated on the surface layer of the material, and a large number of defects are introduced, such as: dislocation, twin crystal, shear band, etc. when the dislocation density is large enough, dislocation annihilation and recombination occur to form nanometer size crystal grains, and the size of the crystal grains is in a gradually increased gradient structure along the thickness direction. The advantages are that: the overall fatigue performance of the material is improved, and the nano-structure surface layer has higher diffusion capability and is beneficial to chemical treatment such as low-temperature nitriding. The disadvantages are as follows: the surface roughness of the processed material is large, and the processing efficiency is low.
② Rolling method
The rolling method is mainly implemented by a rolling cutter, and is pressure finishing processing, wherein a certain pressure is applied to the surface of a workpiece by the rolling cutter by utilizing the cold plasticity characteristic of metal at a normal temperature state, so that the metal on the surface layer of the workpiece generates plastic flow and is filled into original residual low concave troughs, and the surface finish of the workpiece is improved. Because the rolled surface metal is plastically deformed, the surface structure is cold hardened and the crystal grains are thinned to form a compact fibrous shape and a residual stress layer is formed, so that the hardness and the strength are improved, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the matching property of the surface of a workpiece are improved, and the rolling is a non-cutting plastic processing method. The advantages are that: the roughness of the surface of the workpiece is reduced, the surface hardness is improved, the fatigue performance is improved, the abrasion is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The disadvantages are as follows: the rolling technique has an advantage in that the surface finish of the workpiece is improved, and there is a limit in improving the surface hardness and fatigue property because the rolling technique is impossible to form the nano-crystalline structure or even the sub-micron structure on the surface of the workpiece. According to the Hall-Petch relationship, the strength of the metal material increases as the grain size decreases, so the rolling technique is limited to increasing the surface hardness of the workpiece.
③ surface mechanical rolling method (SMGT)
The surface mechanical rolling method is that certain pressure is applied to the surface of a workpiece through a cutter, so that plastic rheological flow is generated on the surface metal of the workpiece to refine grains of a structure, and the strength and the wear resistance of the surface of the workpiece are improved. The advantages are that: the surface of the workpiece to be processed can form a nano gradient structure, the surface smoothness is better than that of a surface mechanical grinding treatment method, and the yield strength and the fatigue performance after processing are greatly improved compared with those before processing. The disadvantages are as follows: the surface smoothness of the processed workpiece is not good enough, the processing efficiency is low, the requirement on the overall dimension of the workpiece is high, the complex workpiece is difficult to process, the processing temperature is high, a complex cooling system is required, and the processing energy consumption is high.
④ Surface Mechanical Rolling (SMRT)
The surface mechanical rolling method is similar to the surface mechanical rolling method, and the front section of the cutter is provided with a set of rotatable balls for reducing friction in the machining process. The advantages are that: the surface of the workpiece to be processed can form a nano gradient structure, the surface smoothness is better than that of a surface mechanical grinding treatment method, and the yield strength and the fatigue performance after processing are greatly improved compared with those before processing. The disadvantages are as follows: the machining efficiency is low, the requirement on the overall dimension of a workpiece is high, complex workpieces are difficult to machine, the machining temperature is high, a complex cooling system is required, and the machining energy consumption is high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a can make supersound liquid knives such as round bar type work piece, the flat work piece of big plane, irregular complicated work piece impact metal material surface nanometer isolated plant, through the processing method who produces plastic deformation on the material top layer, make material top layer grain size by the surface to inside be nanometer size crystalline grain, submicron size crystalline grain, deformation crystalline grain and initial crystalline grain tissue in proper order.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is that:
the utility model provides a supersound liquid sword strikes metallic material surface nanometer isolated plant, includes liquid sword device and ultrasonic wave generating device, and the concrete structure is as follows:
the ultrasonic wave generating device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer and an ultrasonic transducer, the liquid knife device comprises a liquid knife liquid inlet pipe, an impact liquid box, a liquid knife nozzle and a liquid knife pressurizing box, the input end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator, the output end of the ultrasonic transducer extends into the impact liquid box through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, one side of the impact liquid box is communicated with one end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe, the other end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the liquid knife pressurizing box, the bottom of the impact liquid box is communicated with the liquid knife nozzle, and the lower part of the liquid knife nozzle corresponds to the metal plate.
When the special device for the surface nanocrystallization of the metal material is impacted by the ultrasonic liquid knife, when the special device works, the ultrasonic generating device obtains ideal high-energy ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the ultrasonic energy is brought into liquid in the impact liquid tank through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer; liquid flows into the impact liquid tank through the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe through the liquid knife pressurizing tank, after ultrasonic energy carried by the ultrasonic amplitude transformer in the impact liquid tank is brought into the impact liquid tank, the liquid with high pressure and ultrasonic energy generates an impact liquid column through the liquid knife nozzle, the impact liquid column impacts the surface of the metal plate, and a pit of 10 micrometers to 40 micrometers is formed on the surface of the metal plate; along with the continuous movement of the liquid knife nozzle, the liquid column is impacted to form an ultrasonic liquid knife, and a regular and uniform surface nano-layer is formed on the surface of the metal plate.
The utility model discloses the principle is:
the utility model discloses utilize high-pressure liquid to carry ultrasonic energy and strike the metal material surface, liquid pressure generally controls near the yield strength that needs the nanometer material, can take place micro-deformation in order to guarantee that metal surface is unlikely to again and cuts through metal surface. According to different incident angles of the high-pressure liquid to the material and different ultrasonic energy carried by the high-pressure liquid, the liquid pressure and the height of the liquid knife nozzle can be properly adjusted. High-pressure liquid impacts the metal surface at a high speed to cause severe plastic deformation of the surface, and a large amount of dislocation, twin or sub-crystal structures are generated to refine grains, and finally, nano crystals are formed.
The utility model discloses advantage and beneficial effect as follows:
1. the utility model discloses a brand-new metal surface nanocrystallization device, carry ultrasonic energy through high-pressure liquid sword and strike metal material surface nanocrystallization, can reduce the crystalline grain size on metal part surface effectively, form one deck and base member material chemical composition identical on whole metal part's the surface, crystalline grain size is about thirty nanometers little microstructure even, the thickness scope that obtains material surface nanostructure is 0.5 ~ 100 microns, it has the top layer of nanostructured characteristic, enough in order to guarantee that metal part can obtain the characteristic of striving for to reach, for example: desired mechanical properties (fatigue, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance under stress).
2. The utility model discloses can carry out the surface nanocrystallization to the work piece of the complicated or big flat sheet metal of shape and handle, and the nanometer layer distributes evenly.
3. The utility model is simple in operation, the energy consumption is few, with low costs, need not tool setting, course of working calorific capacity is low, the nanometer layer degree of depth deepens, the course of working fault-tolerant rate is high, and production efficiency is high, and the contrast of surface nano-crystallization rate "a method (patent publication No. CN102643966A) of axle type metal material top layer formation gradient nanometer tissue" increases substantially, compares with conventional mechanical nano-crystallization method, the utility model discloses the heat energy that produces in the nano-crystallization process is also very low, and easy controlled temperature solves the problem that nanocrystal grain grows up again simultaneously.
4. The utility model discloses it is more tiny even at the crystalline grain of nanometer ization, because there is the participation of ultrasonic wave, can reduce the work hardening phenomenon of nanometer ization process, ultrasonic wave itself has the assistance to the motion of metal internal dislocation.
5. The utility model discloses a test device and experimental tool bit can be according to different work condition, with multiple machining tools uses jointly such as lathe, milling machine.
6. The utility model discloses the ultrasonic wave parameter of adjustable different hydraulic pressure, difference carries out a lot of nanocrystallization to the material, and then forms gradient nanocrystallization metal crystalline grain.
7. The surface roughness is low. The utility model discloses the device makes the processing work piece atress even, continuous, can accomplish the plasticity processing mode of no cutting, and its roughness is low.
8. The utility model discloses supersound liquid sword processing direction can the perpendicular to metal material surface, also can form certain angle with metal surface, consequently does not have special requirement to metal material surface shape, uses in being particularly suitable for actual industrial production.
9. The utility model discloses supersound liquid sword can add multi-angle, multitool head according to the requirement in the actual production, realizes multiple processing modes such as line processing, face processing even body processing.
10. The utility model discloses the device has easy operation, with low costs, generate heat low, production machining efficiency is high, do not have multiple advantages such as special requirement to metal material surface shape, is suitable for processing surface nano-metal in mill and laboratory on a large scale in batches.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus used in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the metal plate processing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus used in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1. ultrasonic transducer; 2. an ultrasonic horn; 3. an ultrasonic generator; 4. a liquid inlet pipe of the liquid knife; 5. impacting the liquid tank; 6. a liquid knife nozzle; 7. a metal plate; 8. a liquid knife pressure increasing box; 9. impacting the liquid column.
Detailed Description
The structure of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the utility model discloses ultrasonic liquid sword strikes isolated plant of metal material surface nanocrystallization, including liquid sword device and ultrasonic wave generating device, mainly be equipped with an ultrasonic transducer 1, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2, an supersonic generator 3, a liquid sword feed liquor pipe 4, an impact liquid case 5, a liquid sword nozzle 6, a liquid sword pressure boost case 8, concrete structure is as follows:
the ultrasonic wave generating device comprises an ultrasonic generator 3, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2 and an ultrasonic transducer 1, the liquid knife device comprises a liquid knife liquid inlet pipe 4, an impact liquid tank 5, a liquid knife nozzle 6 and a liquid knife pressurizing tank 8, the input end of the ultrasonic transducer 1 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 3, the output end of the ultrasonic transducer 1 extends into the impact liquid tank 5 through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2, one side of the impact liquid tank 5 is communicated with one end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe 4, the other end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the liquid knife pressurizing tank 8, the bottom of the impact liquid tank 5 is communicated with the liquid knife nozzle 6, and the lower part of the liquid knife nozzle 6 corresponds to a metal plate 7.
When the ultrasonic generator works, the ultrasonic generator obtains ideal high-energy ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic generator 3, the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2, and the ultrasonic energy is brought into liquid in the impact liquid tank 5 through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2. Liquid (such as water and the like) flows into the impact liquid box 5 through the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe 4 through the liquid knife pressurizing box 8, after ultrasonic energy brought into the impact liquid box by the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 2 carried in the impact liquid box 5, the liquid with high pressure and ultrasonic energy generates an impact liquid column 9 through the liquid knife nozzle 6, the impact liquid column 9 impacts the surface of the metal plate 7, and a pit of 10 micrometers to 40 micrometers is formed on the surface of the metal plate 7. With the continuous movement of the liquid knife nozzle 6, the impact liquid column 9 forms an ultrasonic liquid knife, and a regular and uniform surface nano-layer is formed on the surface of the metal plate 7.
In the specific implementation process, the utility model discloses supersound liquid sword strikes metal material surface nano-method adopts high-pressure liquid to carry high-energy ultrasonic wave, strikes the metal material surface through the liquid sword nozzle, including following step:
1. pretreatment of a matrix: polishing the surface conventionally, and cleaning with acetone and alcohol;
2. surface nanocrystallization: the high-pressure liquid is adopted to carry ultrasonic energy to move at high speed to impact the surface of the metal material, and the reference parameters of the surface nanocrystallization process are as follows: the distance between the liquid knife nozzle and the surface of the metal plate is 5-50 mm (preferably 10mm), the hydraulic pressure is 100-2500 MPa (the plastic deformation area of the processing material is selected and is lower than the breaking strength of the material), the liquid temperature, the ultrasonic frequency, the ultrasonic direction and the liquid flow impact direction are selected, and the adjustment is carried out according to the characteristics of the metal material and the desired grain nanocrystallization degree. The impinging fluid and ultrasonic energy may be adjusted accordingly depending on the desired nanometalized metal material, and the high pressure fluid may include, but is not limited to, water, suspension, nanoparticle dispersion, oil, etc.
The utility model discloses not only can the bar type work piece of nanometer ization, the workpiece surface of big plane, can carry out the surface nanometer moreover to irregular surface and the complicated work piece of multiple shape and handle, and the distribution of nanometer layer is even, and the known nanometer layer thickness after handling stainless steel and pure copper can reach 50 microns, and later stage parameter modification is probably to obtain thicker nanometer layer. Use from 316L stainless steel material the utility model discloses metallographic microstructure can be seen out after the isolated plant nanocrystallization, and processing back material hardness is showing and is improving. Taking 316L as an example, the hardness of the material is increased by more than 1 time, and is increased from the hardness of 2GPa before processing to the hardness of 5.7GPa after processing.
Because the ultrasonic wave generating device is added into the high-pressure liquid, the high-pressure liquid carries ultrasonic energy to impact the metal surface, the process of metal grain nanocrystallization is accelerated, and the metal grains are further refined. When the carried ultrasonic waves are longitudinal waves and transverse waves respectively, the metal crystal grain nanocrystallization effect after processing is different. Meanwhile, ultrasonic waves have the phenomenon of reducing work hardening in the process of metal grain nanocrystallization, so that the depth of a nano layer is thicker than that of a conventional mechanical nanocrystallization nano layer. The ultrasonic liquid knife makes regular scanning movement on the surface of the metal material, and the pressure in the liquid knife and the ultrasonic frequency and amplitude are adjusted to ensure that the pressing depth of the surface of the workpiece is 10-40 micrometers and the processing times are 3-20 times. The adjustable range of the operating speed of the ultrasonic liquid knife is extremely large, and the surface temperature of the material in the process of the nanocrystallization of the liquid knife is controllable, so that the processing efficiency of the utility model is far higher than that of the conventional mechanical nanocrystallization method (such as surface mechanical rolling SMGT, surface mechanical rolling SMRT, shot blasting type, rolling type and the like). Meanwhile, the adjustable range of the distance between the liquid knife nozzle and the surface of the metal sample is large, and a certain nano effect can be achieved within the range of 5-50 mm (preferably 10mm), so that the surface of a metal material with a complex shape can be processed in a nano mode, the problem that the conventional nano method can only be applied to small-batch processing in a simple shape is solved at one step through the liquid knife nano mode, and the method has great engineering application significance.
In this embodiment, although a single-tool bit design scheme is adopted, in actual industrial production, a method of expanding multiple tool bits can be adopted to further improve the processing efficiency of metal surface nanocrystallization, and the final experimental efficiency can even reach dozens of times of that of a conventional Surface Mechanical Rolling (SMRT) processing mode. The high-pressure liquid knife and the ultrasonic generator used in the embodiment are well-known in the art at home and abroad, and are not described herein again. However, the method of combining the two materials and then processing the materials, particularly processing the metal materials into nano-scale is unique at home and abroad.
During the process of nano-crystallization of the material by the ultrasonic liquid knife, the stainless steel 316L material is found to form a large amount of textures on the surface under a specific hydraulic pressure. Therefore, the embodiment may have certain application in the texturing of metal materials.
In addition, hard particles, including but not limited to SiO, can be added to the high pressure liquid, with a particle size of 20 nm to 200 microns (preferably 20 nm to 100 nm)2、BN、Al2O3、TiO2And the mass ratio of the hard particles to the high-pressure liquid is 1: 500.
the embodiment result shows, the utility model discloses whole device is simple to use, and no potential safety hazard just can carry out the high-speed nanometer processing on metal material surface under the prerequisite that need not accurate tool setting, is the international brand-new metallic surface nanometer ization isolated plant, can use in mill and laboratory, extensive metal nanometer adds man-hour, moves towards the industrialization by the laboratory for promoting the metallic material nanometer and provides technical support. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses it reduces the thinking of work hardening also to have certain reference value in conventional liquid sword cutting field to introduce ultrasonic energy in the liquid sword.
Claims (1)
1. The special device for impacting the surface nanocrystallization of the metal material by the ultrasonic liquid knife is characterized by comprising a liquid knife device and an ultrasonic generating device, and the special device has the following specific structure:
the ultrasonic wave generating device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer and an ultrasonic transducer, the liquid knife device comprises a liquid knife liquid inlet pipe, an impact liquid box, a liquid knife nozzle and a liquid knife pressurizing box, the input end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator, the output end of the ultrasonic transducer extends into the impact liquid box through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, one side of the impact liquid box is communicated with one end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe, the other end of the liquid knife liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the liquid knife pressurizing box, the bottom of the impact liquid box is communicated with the liquid knife nozzle, and the lower part of the liquid knife nozzle corresponds to the metal plate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921092293.5U CN210528988U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by ultrasonic liquid knife |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921092293.5U CN210528988U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by ultrasonic liquid knife |
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| CN201921092293.5U Expired - Fee Related CN210528988U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-07-12 | Special device for impacting metal material surface nanocrystallization by ultrasonic liquid knife |
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