CN210412572U - Air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device based on micro-disturbance - Google Patents
Air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device based on micro-disturbance Download PDFInfo
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- CN210412572U CN210412572U CN201921231799.XU CN201921231799U CN210412572U CN 210412572 U CN210412572 U CN 210412572U CN 201921231799 U CN201921231799 U CN 201921231799U CN 210412572 U CN210412572 U CN 210412572U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an air supporting main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaptation device based on perturbation. At present, the rigidity of the air floatation main shaft cannot be adjusted in real time during processing. The utility model discloses a frame, main shaft, journal bearing one, journal bearing two, air supporting footstep bearing one, air supporting footstep bearing two, cylindricality piezoceramics actuator and displacement capacitance sensor. The utility model utilizes the characteristic that the air bearing changes the dynamic stiffness of the main shaft under the action of micro-disturbance, measures the axial vibration amplitude of the air bearing main shaft through the micro-displacement capacitance sensor, and indirectly obtains whether the dynamic stiffness of the air bearing thrust bearing meets the processing requirements; if the requirements are not met, the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator drives the air-floatation thrust bearing to generate micro-amplitude vibration, and the dynamic stiffness of the air-floatation thrust bearing is changed by changing the vibration frequency, so that the self-adaptive online adjustment of the axial dynamic stiffness of the spindle is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of ultra-precision machining equipment, concretely relates to air supporting main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaptation device based on perturbation.
Background
The level and quality of mechanical industrial equipment directly affect the production technical level and economic benefit of each department of national economy. Especially, the recent industry is rapidly developed, and the progress of various technical fields needs the support of the manufacturing industry. The machining precision requirement of the machine tool at present gradually advances to the nanometer level, namely ultra-precision machining. As one of the core components of an ultra-precision machine tool, attention has been paid to the precision of a spindle. The air-float main shaft is widely applied to the field of ultra-precision machining with the advantages of high precision, low friction and the like.
The rigidity is the magnitude of the deformation resistance of the device under the action of external force, and comprises static rigidity and dynamic rigidity. In ultra-precision machining, since the cutting depth varies non-uniformly in a unit time, the cutting force varies non-uniformly in a unit time, and a dynamic force is formed. If the rigidity of the air floatation main shaft is low, vibration with certain frequency can be generated under the action of dynamic force, the machining precision is greatly reduced, and the stability of the whole cutting process is influenced.
At present, the rigidity of an air floatation main shaft is basically determined during design, real-time adjustment of the rigidity cannot be realized during processing, and the dynamic requirement of ultra-precision machine tool processing cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses to the defect that prior art exists, provide an air supporting main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaptation device based on perturbation.
The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
the utility model discloses a frame, main shaft, journal bearing one, journal bearing two, air supporting footstep bearing one, air supporting footstep bearing two, cylindricality piezoceramics actuator and displacement capacitance sensor. One end of the main shaft is arranged in a central groove of the frame, a shaft shoulder is arranged on the main shaft, and the shaft shoulder is arranged in a radial annular groove of the frame; the radial annular groove of the frame is communicated with the central groove; the first air-floatation thrust bearing and the second air-floatation thrust bearing respectively comprise a connecting part and an air-floatation supporting part which are integrally formed; the air floatation supporting part is provided with more than four thrust bearing throttling holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the first air-floatation thrust bearing and the second air-floatation thrust bearing are both sleeved on the main shaft and are coaxially arranged; the first air-floating thrust bearing and the second air-floating thrust bearing are both arranged in a radial annular groove of the frame and are respectively arranged on two sides of a shaft shoulder of the main shaft; the connecting part of the first air floatation thrust bearing is fixed with the connecting part of the second air floatation thrust bearing; gaps are formed between the side walls of the air floatation support parts of the first air floatation thrust bearing and the second air floatation thrust bearing and the shaft shoulder, and gaps are formed between the central holes of the air floatation support parts of the first air floatation thrust bearing and the second air floatation thrust bearing and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft; the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the main shaft and are respectively arranged in one axial groove of the frame; the pre-tightening ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are both fixed with the air-floatation thrust bearing I, and the output ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are both fixed with the frame; the radial bearing I and the radial bearing II are both provided with n radial bearing throttling hole groups which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein n is an even number which is more than or equal to 4; the radial bearing throttling hole group comprises k radial bearing throttling holes which are arranged along the axial direction at intervals, and k is more than or equal to 4; the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing are sleeved on the main shaft and are coaxially arranged with the air floatation thrust bearing; gaps are formed between the inner side walls of the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft; the outer side walls of the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing are fixed with a central groove of the frame; the air-floatation thrust bearing is arranged closer to the outer end of the central groove of the frame than the air-floatation thrust bearing II; the first air floatation thrust bearing and the second air floatation thrust bearing are both arranged between the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing; the micro-displacement capacitance sensor is fixed on the frame and coaxially arranged with the radial bearing; the micro-displacement capacitance sensor is opposite to the end face of the main shaft arranged in the central groove of the frame.
The connecting part of the first air-floatation thrust bearing is provided with m threaded holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, m is more than or equal to 3, and the connecting part of the second air-floatation thrust bearing is provided with m through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; and each threaded hole of the first air-floatation thrust bearing is connected with a through hole corresponding to the circumferential position of the first air-floatation thrust bearing through a bolt.
The static ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are respectively in threaded connection with a bolt penetrating into one corresponding axial groove of the frame; a sealing gasket is arranged between the bolt penetrating into the axial groove of the frame and the frame.
And a transparent cover is arranged at the outer end of the first air-floatation thrust bearing, the transparent cover is connected with the frame through a bolt, and a movable sealing ring is arranged between the transparent cover and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft.
The frame is provided with a frame channel; four air pipes are arranged in the frame channel, bearing air passages of a first air-floatation thrust bearing, a second air-floatation thrust bearing, a first radial bearing and a second radial bearing are respectively communicated with the inner end of one air pipe, the bearing air passage of the first air-floatation thrust bearing is communicated with all thrust bearing orifices of the first air-floatation thrust bearing, the bearing air passage of the second air-floatation thrust bearing is communicated with all thrust bearing orifices of the second air-floatation thrust bearing, the bearing air passage of the first radial bearing is communicated with all radial bearing orifices of the first radial bearing, and the bearing air passage of the second radial bearing is communicated with all radial bearing orifices of the second radial bearing; the outer ends of the four air pipes are all connected with an air supply source.
And in the ventilation state, the gaps between the side walls of the air bearing support parts of the first air thrust bearing and the second air thrust bearing are equal, the gaps between the central hole of the air bearing support part of the first air thrust bearing and the second air thrust bearing and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft are also equal, and the gap between the end surface of the first radial bearing and the side wall of the air bearing support part of the first air thrust bearing is equal to the gap between the end surface of the second radial bearing and the side wall of the air bearing support part of the second air thrust bearing.
The frame comprises a box body and a cover body which are connected through bolts, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the box body and the cover body; the axial groove is formed in the box body; the radial annular groove is split and respectively arranged on the box body and the cover body; the central groove is split and is respectively arranged on the box body and the cover body.
The power sources of the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator and the main shaft are controlled by a controller, and the signal output end of the micro-displacement capacitance sensor is connected with the controller.
The cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator is replaced by a voice coil motor, and the voice coil motor is controlled by a controller.
The utility model discloses beneficial effect who has:
the utility model provides a device for self-adaptive adjustment of axial dynamic stiffness of an air-floatation main shaft, which utilizes the characteristic that the dynamic stiffness of the main shaft is changed by an air-floatation bearing under the action of micro-disturbance, measures the axial vibration amplitude of the air-floatation main shaft through a micro-displacement capacitance sensor and indirectly obtains whether the dynamic stiffness of an air-floatation thrust bearing meets the processing requirement or not; if the requirements are not met, the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator drives the air-floatation thrust bearing to generate micro-amplitude vibration, and the dynamic stiffness of the air-floatation thrust bearing is changed by changing the vibration frequency, so that the self-adaptive online adjustment of the axial dynamic stiffness of the spindle is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second thrust bearing;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of the first radial bearing or the second radial bearing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the perturbation-based air-floating main shaft axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device comprises a frame 1, a main shaft 2, a radial bearing I3, a radial bearing II 4, an air-floating thrust bearing I5, an air-floating thrust bearing II 6, a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 and a micro-displacement capacitive sensor 8. One end of the main shaft 2 is arranged in a central groove of the frame 1, a shaft shoulder is arranged on the main shaft 2, and the shaft shoulder is arranged in a radial annular groove of the frame 1; the radial annular groove of the frame 1 is communicated with the central groove; the first air floatation thrust bearing 5 and the second air floatation thrust bearing 6 both comprise a connecting part and an air floatation supporting part which are integrally formed; ten thrust bearing orifices 9 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed on the air floatation supporting part; the connecting part of the first air-bearing thrust bearing 5 is provided with three threaded holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the connecting part of the second air-bearing thrust bearing 6 is provided with three through holes 10 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the first air-floatation thrust bearing 5 and the second air-floatation thrust bearing 6 are both sleeved on the main shaft 2 and are coaxially arranged; the first air-floatation thrust bearing 5 and the second air-floatation thrust bearing 6 are arranged in a radial annular groove of the frame 1 and are respectively arranged on two sides of a shaft shoulder of the main shaft 2; each threaded hole of the first air floatation thrust bearing 5 is connected with a through hole corresponding to the circumferential position of the second air floatation thrust bearing 6 through a bolt; the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators 7 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the main shaft 2 and are respectively arranged in one axial groove of the frame 1; the pre-tightening ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators 7 are fixed with the air-floatation thrust bearing I5, and the output ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are respectively in threaded connection with a bolt penetrating into a corresponding axial groove of the frame 1; a sealing gasket is arranged between the bolt penetrating into the axial groove of the frame 1 and the frame 1; the radial bearing I3 and the radial bearing II 4 are both provided with n radial bearing throttling hole groups which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, n is an even number which is more than or equal to 4, and n is 4 in the embodiment; the radial bearing throttling hole group comprises k radial bearing throttling holes 11 which are arranged along the axial direction at intervals, wherein k is more than or equal to 4, and k is 5 in the embodiment; the first radial bearing 3 and the second radial bearing 4 are both sleeved on the main shaft 2 and are both coaxial with the first air-floatation thrust bearing 5; gaps are formed between the inner side walls of the first radial bearing 3 and the second radial bearing 4 and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft 2; the outer side walls of the first radial bearing 3 and the second radial bearing 4 are fixed with a central groove of the frame 1; the first air thrust bearing 5 is arranged closer to the outer end of the central groove of the frame 1 than the second air thrust bearing 6; a through cover is arranged at the outer end of the first air-floatation thrust bearing 5, the through cover is connected with the frame 1 through a bolt, and a movable sealing ring is arranged between the through cover and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft 2; the first air floatation thrust bearing 5 and the second air floatation thrust bearing 6 are arranged between the first radial bearing 3 and the second radial bearing 4; the micro-displacement capacitive sensor 8 is fixed on the frame 1 through a bolt and is coaxially arranged with the radial bearing I3; the micro-displacement capacitance sensor 8 is opposite to the end face of the main shaft 2 which is arranged in the central groove of the frame 1. The frame 1 is provided with a frame channel; four air pipes are arranged in the frame channel, bearing air passages of a first air-floating thrust bearing 5, a second air-floating thrust bearing 6, a first radial bearing 3 and a second radial bearing 4 are respectively communicated with the inner end of one air pipe, the bearing air passage of the first air-floating thrust bearing 5 is communicated with all thrust bearing orifices 9 of the first air-floating thrust bearing 5, the bearing air passage of the second air-floating thrust bearing 6 is communicated with all thrust bearing orifices 9 of the second air-floating thrust bearing 6, the bearing air passage of the first radial bearing 3 is communicated with all radial bearing orifices 11 of the first radial bearing 3, and the bearing air passage of the second radial bearing 4 is communicated with all radial bearing orifices 11 of the second radial bearing 4; the outer ends of the four air pipes are connected with an air supply source; in the ventilation state, the gaps between the side walls of the air bearing parts of the first air bearing thrust bearing 5 and the second air bearing thrust bearing 6 and the shaft shoulder are equal, the gaps between the central holes of the air bearing parts of the first air bearing thrust bearing 5 and the second air bearing thrust bearing 6 and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft 2 are also equal, and the gap between the end surface of the first radial bearing 3 and the side wall of the air bearing part of the first air bearing thrust bearing 5 is equal to the gap between the end surface of the second radial bearing 4 and the side wall of the air bearing part of the second air.
The frame 1 comprises a box body and a cover body which are connected through bolts, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the box body and the cover body; the axial groove is formed in the box body; the radial annular groove is split and respectively arranged on the box body and the cover body; the central groove is split and is respectively arranged on the box body and the cover body.
The cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7, the power source of the main shaft 2 and the micro-displacement capacitance sensor 8 are all connected with a controller.
The cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator 7 can be replaced by a voice coil motor as a drive.
The air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaptive device based on micro-disturbance has the working principle as follows:
the air floatation main shaft 2 is started, and the air floatation main shaft 2 idles to generate axial displacement mainly caused by factors such as main shaft machining errors, unstable driving devices and the like. After the machining is started, the air floatation main shaft 2 generates axial vibration under the action of dynamic cutting force, the micro-displacement capacitance sensor 8 collects the axial displacement of the air floatation main shaft in real time, and whether the dynamic stiffness of the air floatation thrust bearing meets the machining requirement is indirectly obtained; if the requirements are not met, the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator drives the air-floatation thrust bearing to generate micro-amplitude vibration, and the dynamic stiffness of the air-floatation thrust bearing is changed by changing the vibration frequency, so that the self-adaptive online adjustment of the axial dynamic stiffness of the spindle is realized.
Claims (9)
1. Air supporting main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaptation device based on perturbation, including frame, main shaft, journal bearing one, journal bearing two, air supporting footstep bearing one and air supporting footstep bearing two, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a micro-displacement capacitance sensor; one end of the main shaft is arranged in a central groove of the frame, a shaft shoulder is arranged on the main shaft, and the shaft shoulder is arranged in a radial annular groove of the frame; the radial annular groove of the frame is communicated with the central groove; the first air-floatation thrust bearing and the second air-floatation thrust bearing respectively comprise a connecting part and an air-floatation supporting part which are integrally formed; the air floatation supporting part is provided with more than four thrust bearing throttling holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the first air-floatation thrust bearing and the second air-floatation thrust bearing are both sleeved on the main shaft and are coaxially arranged; the first air-floating thrust bearing and the second air-floating thrust bearing are both arranged in a radial annular groove of the frame and are respectively arranged on two sides of a shaft shoulder of the main shaft; the connecting part of the first air floatation thrust bearing is fixed with the connecting part of the second air floatation thrust bearing; gaps are formed between the side walls of the air floatation support parts of the first air floatation thrust bearing and the second air floatation thrust bearing and the shaft shoulder, and gaps are formed between the central holes of the air floatation support parts of the first air floatation thrust bearing and the second air floatation thrust bearing and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft; the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the main shaft and are respectively arranged in one axial groove of the frame; the pre-tightening ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are both fixed with the air-floatation thrust bearing I, and the output ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are both fixed with the frame; the radial bearing I and the radial bearing II are both provided with n radial bearing throttling hole groups which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein n is an even number which is more than or equal to 4; the radial bearing throttling hole group comprises k radial bearing throttling holes which are arranged along the axial direction at intervals, and k is more than or equal to 4; the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing are sleeved on the main shaft and are coaxially arranged with the air floatation thrust bearing; gaps are formed between the inner side walls of the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft; the outer side walls of the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing are fixed with a central groove of the frame; the air-floatation thrust bearing is arranged closer to the outer end of the central groove of the frame than the air-floatation thrust bearing II; the first air floatation thrust bearing and the second air floatation thrust bearing are both arranged between the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing; the micro-displacement capacitance sensor is fixed on the frame and coaxially arranged with the radial bearing; the micro-displacement capacitance sensor is opposite to the end face of the main shaft arranged in the central groove of the frame.
2. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the connecting part of the first air-floatation thrust bearing is provided with m threaded holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, m is more than or equal to 3, and the connecting part of the second air-floatation thrust bearing is provided with m through holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; and each threaded hole of the first air-floatation thrust bearing is connected with a through hole corresponding to the circumferential position of the first air-floatation thrust bearing through a bolt.
3. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the static ends of the two cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuators are respectively in threaded connection with a bolt penetrating into one corresponding axial groove of the frame; a sealing gasket is arranged between the bolt penetrating into the axial groove of the frame and the frame.
4. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a transparent cover is arranged at the outer end of the first air-floatation thrust bearing, the transparent cover is connected with the frame through a bolt, and a movable sealing ring is arranged between the transparent cover and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft.
5. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the frame is provided with a frame channel; four air pipes are arranged in the frame channel, bearing air passages of a first air-floatation thrust bearing, a second air-floatation thrust bearing, a first radial bearing and a second radial bearing are respectively communicated with the inner end of one air pipe, the bearing air passage of the first air-floatation thrust bearing is communicated with all thrust bearing orifices of the first air-floatation thrust bearing, the bearing air passage of the second air-floatation thrust bearing is communicated with all thrust bearing orifices of the second air-floatation thrust bearing, the bearing air passage of the first radial bearing is communicated with all radial bearing orifices of the first radial bearing, and the bearing air passage of the second radial bearing is communicated with all radial bearing orifices of the second radial bearing; the outer ends of the four air pipes are all connected with an air supply source.
6. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the ventilation state, the gaps between the side walls of the air bearing support parts of the first air thrust bearing and the second air thrust bearing are equal, the gaps between the central hole of the air bearing support part of the first air thrust bearing and the second air thrust bearing and the cylindrical surface of the main shaft are also equal, and the gap between the end surface of the first radial bearing and the side wall of the air bearing support part of the first air thrust bearing is equal to the gap between the end surface of the second radial bearing and the side wall of the air bearing support part of the second air thrust bearing.
7. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the frame comprises a box body and a cover body which are connected through bolts, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the box body and the cover body; the axial groove is formed in the box body; the radial annular groove is split and respectively arranged on the box body and the cover body; the central groove is split and is respectively arranged on the box body and the cover body.
8. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power sources of the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator and the main shaft are controlled by a controller, and the signal output end of the micro-displacement capacitance sensor is connected with the controller.
9. The micro-disturbance-based air-bearing spindle axial dynamic stiffness adaptive device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic actuator is replaced by a voice coil motor, and the voice coil motor is controlled by a controller.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921231799.XU CN210412572U (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-08-01 | Air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device based on micro-disturbance |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921231799.XU CN210412572U (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-08-01 | Air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device based on micro-disturbance |
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| CN210412572U true CN210412572U (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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| CN201921231799.XU Active CN210412572U (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-08-01 | Air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device based on micro-disturbance |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110605407A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-12-24 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Micro-disturbance-based air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device and method |
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2019
- 2019-08-01 CN CN201921231799.XU patent/CN210412572U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110605407A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-12-24 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Micro-disturbance-based air floatation main shaft axial dynamic stiffness self-adaption device and method |
| CN110605407B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2024-04-05 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Air floatation spindle axial dynamic stiffness self-adaptive device and method based on micro-disturbance |
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