CN210340791U - Garbage sublimation gas furnace - Google Patents

Garbage sublimation gas furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN210340791U
CN210340791U CN201822197199.8U CN201822197199U CN210340791U CN 210340791 U CN210340791 U CN 210340791U CN 201822197199 U CN201822197199 U CN 201822197199U CN 210340791 U CN210340791 U CN 210340791U
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furnace
gas
furnace body
pushing
hydraulic
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CN201822197199.8U
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陈曙平
陈皓鋆
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a directly gasify city domestic waste and industry organic solid rubbish for clean gas of low temperature, the lime-ash reduces to glass solid solution body building materials, and the heavy metal enrichment is retrieved for the rubbish sublimation gas furnace of valuable metal, and the structure is rectangle, oval or circular cross section's vertical furnace body, and it pushes away seven parts of material long rod group, gas reflux unit, hydraulic control platform including airtight charging box, last furnace body, lower furnace body, stove bottom jar pond, hydraulic pressure. The utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, easy and simple to handle, the energy consumption is lower, the environmental impact is littleer, unit production capacity is big etc.

Description

Garbage sublimation gas furnace
Technical Field
The utility model discloses obviously relate to a refuse treatment facility in the solid waste environmental control field, specifically indicate that it is low temperature clean gas with the direct gasification of municipal solid waste and industry organic solid rubbish, the lime-ash reduces to glass solid solution building materials, and the waste sublimation gas furnace for valuable metal is retrieved in the heavy metal enrichment.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the urban garbage grows in magnitude, and the garbage treatment technology and facilities are slightly lagged behind, and are mainly treated by adopting an incineration mode and a landfill mode. Most of domestic waste incineration facilities are introduced or imitated or improved foreign grate type incinerators, the incineration temperature is limited to about 1000 ℃, the structures of furnace grates of hearths are complex, the maintenance is difficult, most of furnace types need to be supplemented with fuel to operate, the resource recycling is single, a large secondary combustion system and a flue gas purification facility need to be equipped, and ash residues and smoke dust are rich in heavy metals and are toxic and harmful to dioxin.
In recent years, a plurality of new garbage treatment technologies appear, namely a two-step gasification melting incineration technology represented by Swiss hot picking company, wherein a garbage gasification process and a melting incineration process are respectively arranged in two relatively independent devices and then integrated into an integral process, and the process is complicated, the system and the devices are huge, and the investment, operation and maintenance costs are high; the direct gasification and melting incineration technology represented by the formula NKK of the Japan iron and steel company is a relatively excellent garbage treatment process at present, but auxiliary fuel needs to be added, secondary oxygenation combustion needs to be used, and a huge flue gas treatment facility needs to be arranged.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the utility model is to provide a refuse treatment facility in the solid waste environmental management field specifically indicates that it is clean gas with the direct gasification of municipal solid waste and industry organic solid rubbish, and the lime-ash reduces to glass solid solution building materials, and the waste sublimation gas furnace of heavy metal is retrieved to the valuable metal.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model discloses rubbish sublimation gas furnace body can be rectangle, oval or circular cross section's vertical structure, push away seven parts of material long rod group, gas reflux unit, hydraulic control platform including airtight charging box, last furnace body, lower furnace body, stove bottom jar pond, hydraulic pressure:
a. the closed charging box comprises a charging box body, an upward pushing door controlled by a horizontal pushing hydraulic cylinder and a lower opening door controlled by an inclined pushing hydraulic cylinder, and is configured on the furnace top;
b. the upper furnace body is a steel box body, the upper part of the upper furnace body is provided with a closed charging box, a material pushing rod hydraulic cylinder and a backflow gas outlet, and the lower part of the upper furnace body is inserted into the lower furnace body to form a certain hollow frame which is convenient for collecting gas;
c. the upper part of the lower furnace body is an open conical box body provided with a main fuel gas outlet, the middle part is also a steel box body, the lower part is a double-layer water-cooling jacket contraction conical box body which is provided with an air distribution pipe and a fuel gas reflux distribution pipe and is butted on a furnace bottom cylinder pool;
d. the furnace bottom cylinder pool is a molten slag liquid storage pool built by high-temperature resistant materials in a steel groove and is provided with a high-level overflow outlet and a low-level valuable metal recovery hole;
e. the hydraulic pushing long rod group comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders which are matched and connected with pushing rods with downward-opened fixed or movable pawls, and the pushing rods are inserted into the middle part of the lower furnace body from the furnace top;
f. the gas reflux device comprises a reflux condenser, a reflux separator and a reflux fan, and reflux distribution pipes are connected with the top and the bottom of the furnace outside the furnace;
g. the hydraulic control platform comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic control valve group, an electronic controller and pipelines connected with the hydraulic cylinders.
The working process is as follows: the garbage is intermittently and hermetically added into the furnace from a charging box at the top of the furnace, and is combusted together with blown air at 0-400 ℃ or oxygen-enriched air and backflow fuel gas at the bottom of the furnace, a high-temperature state of 1300-1500 ℃ is formed under the condition of not adding auxiliary fuel, and the garbage is gasified to melt residues; 1300 plus 1500 ℃ furnace bottom high-temperature gas rises and is controlled by a material pushing rod to form orderly reactions such as reduction, pyrolysis, adsorption, filtration and the like, the reaction products are converted into solid particle-free and tar-free high-heat value gas with the temperature less than or equal to 120 ℃, and the main gas is output from the furnace for use; part of the fuel gas continuously rises to evaporate the water of the upper furnace charge, is pumped into a reflux device outside the furnace from the furnace top, and is refluxed to the furnace bottom to participate in combustion after dehydration and dust removal; the 1300-plus-1500 ℃ high-temperature molten slag flows into a furnace bottom cylinder pool to be co-melted with auxiliary materials to form a slag liquid, and the slag liquid is precipitated and separated and then overflows out of the furnace to be water-quenched into a glass solid melt building material: and discharging a certain amount of heavy metal from the bottom of the heavy metal enrichment pool and then recovering the heavy metal from the pool.
The utility model discloses rubbish sublimation gas furnace adopts above-mentioned structure and working process to have following characteristic:
1. the utility model controls the 1300-1500 ℃ high-temperature gasification garbage to melt ash slag, can quickly oxidize garbage to increase unit processing capacity, and can be sublimated into gas more quickly and completely to produce fuel gas with higher calorific value; simultaneously, the ash slag is co-melted into high-temperature slag liquid, and is separated into non-toxic, harmless and insoluble glass solid solution through precipitation; heavy metal precipitates and is enriched into valuable metals; the toxic and harmful dioxin, germs and the like are thoroughly decomposed and killed.
2. The utility model discloses control is blown in 0-400 ℃ air or oxygen-enriched air and rubbish and backflow gas and is burnt jointly, can keep in the stove gasification and melt and stabilize continuous operation under 1300 and supplementarily 1500 ℃ high temperature, can effectively reduce the nitrogen gas composition in the gas, directly increases the combustible composition in the output gas.
3. The utility model discloses set up gas reflux unit, make in the partial gas furnace, the outer circulation of furnace, the evaporation is dried and is gone up furnace body furnace charge, takes moisture content out of the stove and removes, makes the furnace roof empty material position form the evaporation of little negative pressure supplementary moisture content, and the burning is added at the gas reflux stove bottom after the dehydration, remedies the short slab that rubbish calorific value is not enough, fully guarantees to form 1300 and give an expense to give other care 1500 ℃ of high temperature state at the stove bottom and gasify and melt.
4. The utility model designs an upper and lower furnace body structure, the hollow frame of the junction is provided with a main gas outlet, the bottom of the lower furnace body is provided with a water cooling jacket which is provided with air and backflow gas branch pipes; the upper furnace body is used for charging and storing materials and drying in the early stage, and the lower furnace body is used for garbage gasification main body and comprises combustion oxidation, gasification reduction, pyrolysis dry distillation and thick material interlayer adsorption filtration reaction.
5. The utility model discloses the setting pushes away material long-rod group, has accurate control and promotes the furnace charge and move the compaction down, stops the occurence of failure of empty stove, knot stove, guarantees that each layer reaction is normal orderly.
6. The utility model is provided with a furnace bottom cylinder pool to receive the collection, the co-melting, the separation reaction and the discharge of the molten slag liquid, so that the gasification reaction can be stably carried out in the high temperature environment of 1300 plus 1500 ℃; the grate deslagging mechanism equipped in the conventional gas producer is omitted, and the gasification temperature is prevented from being limited by the melting point temperature of ash slag.
7. The utility model discloses a hydraulic control platform electron is controlled the operation, makes the operation more economical, the operation is more steady, the function is simpler, for rubbish wisdom is administered and is established the basis.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the garbage sublimation gas furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the garbage sublimation gas furnace of the present invention;
the drawings are labeled as follows: 1. the device comprises a hydraulic control console, 2, a horizontal pushing hydraulic cylinder, 3, an upward pushing door, 4, a charging box, 5, a lower opening door, 6, an oblique pushing hydraulic cylinder, 7, an upper furnace body, 8, a main fuel gas outlet, 9, a lower furnace body, 10, a water cooling jacket, 11, an air distribution pipe, 12, a backflow distribution pipe, 13, a furnace bottom cylinder pool, 14, a material pushing long rod, 15, a material pushing hydraulic cylinder, 16, a backflow outlet, 17, a backflow condenser, 18, a backflow separator, 19 and a backflow fan. I. The system comprises a garbage raw material, a secondary raw material, a third raw material, air, a fourth raw material, a main fuel gas, a fourth raw material, a residue liquid, a sixth raw material, a valuable metal, a fifth raw material, a jacket cold water, a sixth raw material, a jacket hot water, a sixth raw material, a sixth.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following embodiments do not limit the claims of the garbage sublimation gas furnace of the present invention.
After the roughly selected garbage raw material I and the auxiliary raw material II are added into a closed charging box 4 through a bucket, according to the combustion oxidation speed of the garbage and the height of the garbage material level in an upper furnace body 7, a horizontal pushing oil cylinder 2 on the charging box 4 is controlled to close an upper pushing door 3 and an inclined pushing oil cylinder 6 is controlled to open a lower opening door 5, and the garbage is added into the upper furnace body 7; controlling the reciprocating frequency of the material pushing hydraulic cylinder 15 to drive the material pushing long rod 14 to orderly push the furnace burden downwards into each reaction layer; the waste enters a gasification reduction layer and a combustion oxidation layer at the bottom of the furnace through a drying layer of an upper furnace body 7, an adsorption and filtration layer of a lower furnace body 9 and a pyrolysis and dry distillation layer, the waste is finally reduced to the temperature of 1300 and 1500 ℃ and the molten slag liquid is collected in a furnace bottom cylinder pool 13 for precipitation and separation, the upper layer of clear molten slag liquid V is discharged out of the furnace from a high-position overflow port, and the molten slag liquid is converted into glass solid solution building materials after water quenching; the enriched heavy metal is precipitated at the bottom layer, and after a certain amount of heavy metal is discharged from the bottom hole, valuable metal VI is recovered.
Air or oxygen-enriched air III at the temperature of 0-400 ℃ is continuously blown into a furnace bottom combustion oxidation layer through an air distribution pipe 11 arranged on a water-cooling jacket 10 at the bottom of the furnace, and the garbage at the furnace bottom and fuel gas added by a reflux distribution pipe 12 are oxidized to generate 1300-1500 ℃ high-temperature gasified garbage and melt residues; the oxidized high-temperature gas flows upwards in the reverse direction, reduction and heat absorption are carried out on the gasification reduction layer, reduction and decomposition and heat absorption are carried out on the pyrolysis dry distillation layer, adsorption filtration and water absorption of the evaporated garbage are carried out on the adsorption filtration layer of the lower furnace body 9, clean fuel gas with few solid particles and tar at the temperature of less than or equal to 120 ℃ is finally formed, and the main fuel gas IV is collected between the upper furnace body 7 and the lower furnace body 9 and is output from the outlet 8 of the main fuel gas IV to be directly used or stored.
Part of the fuel gas continues to rise along the furnace burden space under the pumping of the return fan 19, water in the garbage of the upper furnace body 7 is evaporated and dried, the fuel gas enters the fuel gas return device through the furnace top fuel gas return outlet 16, the water, tar and dust in the return fuel gas are removed by the return condenser 17 and the return separator 18, and then the return fuel gas is blown into the furnace bottom through the return distribution pipe 12 arranged on the cone box of the water cooling jacket 10 by the return fan 19, so that the gasification and melting temperature is maintained at 1300 and 1500 ℃ for combustion. Meanwhile, according to the combustion temperature and condition in the furnace, the backflow fan 19 is controlled to adjust the backflow gas flow, so that the garbage in the upper furnace body 7 is evaporated and dried and is kept in a micro negative pressure state with the temperature of 100-120 ℃.
The utility model discloses burning operation mechanism in rubbish sublimation gas furnace stove:
and (3) burning an oxide layer: oxygen in the blown air III gas is subjected to combustion reaction with carbon which is not gasified and hydrocarbon fuel gas in the return gas, and the gasification and melting temperature and heat of 1300-1500 ℃ are provided.
O2+C=CO2+393 kj.mol-1
O2+2C=2CO +220 kj.mol-1
O2+2CO=2CO2+569 kj.mol-1
O2+2H2=2H2O +482 kj.mol-1
O2+CH4=CO2+2H2+803 kj.mol-1
A gasification reduction layer: the oxidation gas rising in a countercurrent way carries out complex reduction reaction in the gasification reduction layer, and the reaction change temperature is between 1300 ℃ and 700 ℃.
C+CO2=2CO -173 kj.mol-1
C+H2O=CO+H2-131 kj.mol-1
CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2-247 kj.mol-1
C+2H2=CH4+75 kj.mol-1
A pyrolysis and dry distillation layer: the gas rises to the layer section, the temperature is between 700-300 ℃, the high molecular plastics, rubber, lignin, cellulose and the like in the garbage are decomposed into mixed hydrocarbon gas, tar, carbon black, inorganic solid and the like in advance, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat is consumed to reduce the temperature of the rising gas to below 300 ℃.
An adsorption filtration layer: the pyrolyzed ascending gas enters a thick adsorption and filtration layer, solid particles and tar in the gas are adsorbed and filtered in a thick garbage layer to form clean gas with the temperature of less than or equal to 120 ℃, and the main gas IV is collected and output in the middle of a drying layer.
Drying the layer: part of the fuel gas is driven by the return fan to continuously rise to evaporate and dry the moisture of the garbage in the upper furnace body, and is pumped out of the furnace to be condensed and removed.
Melting of ash slag: the oxidized ash and auxiliary materials are directly melted into molten liquid at the high temperature of 1300 ℃ and 1500 ℃ generated by burning the oxide layer, the molten liquid is collected in a hearth tank for carrying out eutectic reaction to form ash molten liquid with better flow, separated heavy metal precipitates are enriched at the bottom of the tank, and the slag cleaning liquid overflows out of the furnace and is quenched into insoluble glass solid solution.

Claims (8)

1. The rubbish sublimation gas furnace, the body can be rectangle, oval or circular cross section's vertical structure, its characterized in that: the device comprises seven parts, namely a closed charging box, an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body, a furnace bottom cylinder pool, a hydraulic pushing long rod group, a fuel gas reflux device and a hydraulic control console.
2. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the closed charging box comprises a charging box body, an upward pushing door controlled by a horizontal pushing hydraulic cylinder, and a lower opening door controlled by an oblique pushing hydraulic cylinder, and is configured on the furnace top.
3. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the upper furnace body is a steel box body, the upper part of the upper furnace body is provided with a closed charging box, a material pushing rod hydraulic cylinder and a backflow gas outlet, and the lower part of the upper furnace body is inserted into the lower furnace body to form a certain hollow frame so as to collect gas conveniently.
4. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the lower furnace body is provided with a main gas outlet for an opening conical box body, the middle part of the lower furnace body is also a steel box body, and the lower part of the lower furnace body is a double-layer water-cooling jacket contraction conical box body which is provided with an air distribution pipe and a gas backflow distribution pipe and is butted on a furnace bottom cylinder pool.
5. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the furnace bottom tank is a molten slag liquid storage tank built by high-temperature resistant materials in a steel groove and is provided with a high-level overflow outlet and a low-level valuable metal recovery hole.
6. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic pushing long rod group comprises a plurality of hydraulic cylinders which are matched and connected with pushing rods with downward-opened fixed or movable pawls, and the pushing rods are inserted into the middle part of the lower furnace body from the top of the furnace.
7. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the gas reflux device comprises a reflux condenser, a reflux separator and a reflux fan, and the reflux distribution pipe is connected with the top and the bottom of the furnace outside the furnace.
8. The waste sublimation gas furnace of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic control platform comprises a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic control valve group, an electronic controller and pipelines connected with the hydraulic cylinders.
CN201822197199.8U 2018-12-16 2018-12-16 Garbage sublimation gas furnace Active CN210340791U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109679696A (en) * 2018-12-16 2019-04-26 陈曙平 Rubbish distillation gas furnace

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109679696A (en) * 2018-12-16 2019-04-26 陈曙平 Rubbish distillation gas furnace

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