CN206582853U - Small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis stove - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis stove, the inside of the pyrolysis oven is from top to bottom divided into the baking zone being connected, pyrolytic layer, burning zone and after-flame layer；House refuse charging aperture is set at the top of baking zone, baking zone and/or pyrolytic layer set pyrolysis gas collection to melt down system, collected by pyrolysis gas and after-flame layer and/or burning zone are delivered to after system of melting down collects combustible pyrolysis's gas, burning zone top sets after-flame waste gas collection device, is emitted waste gas by after-flame waste gas collection device；Fire grate and gas distribution system are provided with after-flame layer, the lower section of after-flame layer sets dreg removing system.The small-sized domestic garbage pyrolysis stove of the utility model has the advantages that compact conformation, investment operating cost are low, cloth wind is uniform, pyrolysis is abundant, ash discharge is smooth, the low Ji bioxin growing amount of discharge amount of exhaust gas few.

Description

Small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of domestic garbage pyrolysis and gasification treatment, in particular to a small domestic garbage pyrolysis furnace.

Background technique

With the comprehensive advancement of the townshipization process in my country, the rural population is gradually concentrated, and the domestic waste generated in some areas is small in size, scattered in locations, difficult to collect, long in transportation distance, and high in transportation costs. How to properly dispose of it has become an issue. urgent problems that need to be solved urgently. The waste treatment technologies such as original stacking, direct landfill, simple composting and open-air incineration adopted in the early days have caused irreversible damage to land resources, ecology and living environment due to the large amount of land occupied, the generation of a large number of harmful bacteria, the discharge of odor and toxic secondary pollutants, etc. Sexual damage, seriously endangering human health.

In recent years, with the strengthening of environmental protection awareness and the successive promulgation of increasingly stringent national environmental protection laws and policies, the "harmless, reduction and recycling" of domestic waste disposal has become the basic principle followed by all countries. Waste pyrolysis technology As one of the effective ways to realize this principle, it has gradually been recognized by the industry. At present, most of the pyrolysis furnaces that have been applied in engineering are equipped with a secondary combustion chamber to burn out the pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis process. The amount of generation is large. At this time, it is necessary to add auxiliary fuel to maintain combustion to promote the complete decomposition of dioxins. The high-temperature exhaust gas from the secondary combustion chamber is cooled by the quenching facility and then enters the exhaust gas purification system. Therefore, for small waste pyrolysis furnaces, the construction of a secondary combustion chamber will not only increase the investment cost of equipment, but also cause a large heat loss and high operating costs. If the temperature is not properly controlled, it will lead to increased emissions of pollutants such as dioxins. In addition, the prior art pyrolysis furnace has the defects of uneven air distribution and insufficient pyrolysis. Therefore, how to carry out pyrolysis of domestic waste in a low-cost, pollution-free, efficient, uniform and sufficient manner has become a technical problem urgently to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace does not have a secondary combustion chamber, and the pyrolysis gas is returned to the burnout layer and/or combustion layer for combustion through the collection and return furnace system, so that the heat The generation of dioxin and other pollutants in the waste gas after decomposition and combustion is small, which solves the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing pyrolysis furnace, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the waste pyrolysis furnace.

The utility model solves the above technical problems with the following technical solutions:

The utility model small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace is divided into a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, a combustion layer and a burnout layer connected from top to bottom inside; the top of the drying layer is provided with a domestic waste feeding port, the drying layer and /or the pyrolysis layer is equipped with a pyrolysis gas collection and return system, and the combustible pyrolysis gas is collected through the pyrolysis gas collection and return system, and then transported to the burnout layer and/or the combustion layer. The exhaust gas collection device discharges the exhaust gas; a grate and a gas distribution system are installed in the burnout layer, and a slag discharge system is installed below the burnout layer.

The drying layer, pyrolysis layer, combustion layer and burnout layer have inspection holes, observation holes, temperature measuring points and pressure measuring points respectively arranged on the furnace wall. The inner wall of the furnace is provided with a circle of material guide slopes, which are used to control the feeding direction of the garbage and promote the uniform distribution of garbage in the furnace.

The feed inlet for domestic waste is cone-shaped, and is set at the center of the top of the furnace body. A pumping plate is provided in the middle of the feed inlet to control the feed and hold air.

The pyrolysis gas collection and return system is composed of a pyrolysis gas collection device, a tar trap, a fan and a gas distribution system connected in sequence through pipelines; the pyrolysis gas collection device is installed on the drying layer and/or pyrolysis layer, The tar trap and fan are installed outside the furnace body, the pyrolysis gas is collected by the pyrolysis gas collection device, and then the tar and large particle dust are separated by the tar trap, and then enter the burnout layer and/or combustion layer through the gas distribution system .

The pyrolysis gas collection device is composed of a pyrolysis gas collection hood and a pyrolysis gas collection pipe, the pyrolysis gas collection hood is in a conical structure, the pyrolysis gas collection pipe is installed in the pyrolysis gas collection The gas collection pipe is connected to the tar trap through pipelines.

The pyrolysis gas collection device is composed of a circle of anti-blocking gas collection ring and an annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace. The annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe is installed at the lower part of the anti-blockage gas collection ring. The gas collection pipe is connected to the tar trap through pipelines.

The exhaust gas collection device is composed of an exhaust gas collecting hood and an exhaust gas collecting pipe. The exhaust gas collecting hood has a conical structure. The exhaust gas collecting pipe is installed in the exhaust gas collecting hood. The exhaust gas collecting pipe extends out of the furnace body and connects to the exhaust gas outlet.

The air distribution system includes an air distribution pipe and an air distribution hood installed above the grate, the air distribution pipe is a hollow annular tubular structure, the air distribution pipe is connected to the hollow grate, and the air distribution hood is a conical porous air distribution The hood, the air distribution hood is installed on the grate through the support and is located above the air distribution pipe.

The slag discharge system is composed of a slag guide chute and a slag outlet. The slag guide chute is located at the bottom of the furnace body and is inclined. The lower part of the slag guide chute is connected with the slag outlet located outside the furnace body. The slag chute and the slag outlet discharge the burnt ash out of the pyrolysis furnace.

The slag discharge system consists of a shaftless screw slag conveyor, an ash hopper and a slag outlet. The ash hopper is installed below the fire grate and above the shaftless screw slag conveyor. The output end of the shaftless screw slag conveyor It is connected with the slag outlet located outside the furnace body.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model small domestic garbage pyrolysis furnace has the following beneficial effects:

1. The pyrolysis furnace of this utility model does not have a separate secondary combustion chamber. It has a compact structure and low equipment investment cost. The pyrolysis gas is returned to the furnace for combustion through the collection and return system, without adding auxiliary fuel, and the heat generated by the combustion is pyrolysis Layers and drying layers provide the required energy, resulting in energy savings and low operating costs.

2. The grate and air distribution system adopted by the pyrolysis furnace of the utility model can promote uniform and sufficient pyrolysis of garbage, effectively avoid coking and hardening of slag, ensure smooth ash discharge, and evenly distribute air through the air distribution pipe and air distribution hood. Provide sufficient combustion-supporting oxygen for the burnout layer and combustion layer to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the garbage pyrolysis furnace.

3. The waste gas emission of the pyrolysis furnace of the utility model is low, and the amount of dioxin generated after the pyrolysis gas is returned to the furnace for combustion is small, and the Cl, N, and S in the garbage are transferred to the bottom slag, so that the NOx, SOx, and HCl contents in the exhaust smoke are reduced. Low, reducing the burden on the subsequent exhaust gas purification system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the utility model small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the utility model small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace.

In the figure: 1. Feed inlet; 2. Pumping plate; 3. Furnace body; 4. Temperature measuring point; 5. Observation hole; 6. Pressure measuring point; 7. Inspection hole; Pyrolysis gas collection hood; 10. Pyrolysis gas collection pipe; 11. Anti-blocking gas collection ring; 12. Tar trap; 13. Fan; 14. Primary air inlet; 15. Air distribution system; 16. Air distribution pipe ;17, air distribution hood; 18, fire grate; 19, waste gas collecting hood; 20, waste gas collection pipe; 21, waste gas outlet; 22, slag guide chute; 23, ash hopper; 24, shaftless screw slag 25, slag outlet; 26, drying layer; 27, pyrolysis layer; 28, combustion layer; 29, burnout layer.

detailed description

The technical scheme of the utility model is further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In order to make the drawings concise, only parts related to the present utility model are schematically shown in the drawings, and only one of the parts with the same structure or function is shown schematically in the drawings.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, the inside of the furnace body 3 of the utility model small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace is divided into a drying layer 26, a pyrolysis layer 27, a combustion layer 28 and a burnout layer 29 connected from top to bottom; The upper part of 26 is provided with a feed port 1 for inputting domestic garbage, and a pyrolysis gas collection and return system is provided between the drying layer 26 and the pyrolysis layer 27, and the pyrolysis gas collection and return system collects combustible pyrolysis gas through pipelines. Transported to the burnout layer 29 and the combustion layer 28, the upper part of the combustion layer 28 is equipped with a burnout exhaust gas collection device, and the exhaust gas is discharged through the burnout exhaust gas collection device; the lower part of the burnout layer 29 is equipped with a fire grate 18 and a gas distribution system 15, the furnace body 3. A slag discharge system is set at the bottom.

The utility model has inspection holes 7, observation holes 5, temperature measuring points 4 and pressure measuring points 6 respectively arranged on the furnace wall in the drying layer 26, the pyrolysis layer 27, the combustion layer 28 and the burnout layer 29. The middle part of the layer 27 and the combustion layer 28 is respectively provided with a circle of material guide inclined platform 8 along the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace, which is used to control the feeding direction of the garbage and promote the even distribution of garbage in the furnace.

The feed inlet 1 is in the shape of a conical bucket, and is arranged at the central position of the top of the furnace body 3, and the middle position of the feed inlet 1 is provided with a pumping plate 2, through which the pumping plate 2 plays the role of material control and gas closure.

The pyrolysis gas collection and return system is composed of a pyrolysis gas collection device, a tar trap 12, a fan 13 and a gas distribution system 15 connected sequentially through pipelines. The pyrolysis gas collection device consists of a conical pyrolysis gas collection hood 9 and an annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe 10. The conical pyrolysis gas collection hood 9 has a conical structure, and the conical pyrolysis gas collection hood 9 is set on In the drying layer 26 or the pyrolysis layer 27, or between the drying layer 26 and the pyrolysis layer 27, the annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe 10 is installed inside the conical pyrolysis gas collection hood 9; the annular pyrolysis gas collection The outlet of pipe 10 is connected with tar catcher 12 through pipeline, and tar catcher 12 and blower fan 13 are arranged outside the furnace body. During work, the pyrolysis gas is collected through the conical pyrolysis gas collection hood 9, the pyrolysis gas enters the annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe 10, and then enters the tar trap 12, and the tar and large particle dust are collected by the tar trap 12. separated, and then enter the burnout layer and/or combustion layer through the gas distribution system 15. The tar trap 12 is equipped with a plurality of baffles, and the pyrolysis gas is separated from tar and large particles of dust after multiple deflections and collisions, and the captured tar and dust are regularly discharged and transported to the pyrolysis furnace for combustion.

The exhaust gas collecting device is composed of exhaust gas collecting hood 19 and exhaust gas collecting pipe 20. Exhaust gas collecting hood 19 has a conical structure. Exhaust gas collecting hood 19 is arranged on the upper part of combustion layer 28. Inside the gas hood 19 , a waste gas collecting pipe 20 protrudes from the outside of the furnace body and is connected to a waste gas outlet 21 . The exhaust gas collected by the annular exhaust gas collection pipe 20 is collected into the exhaust gas collection main pipe, discharged from the pyrolysis furnace through the exhaust gas outlet 21, and introduced into the exhaust gas purification system by the fan for exhaust gas purification treatment.

The fire grate 18 can be a fire grate that integrates ash and slag discharge, air distribution and oxygen supply, and fine-tuning anti-blocking functions. The fire grate is a hollow tubular structure. Air distribution system 15 is connected.

The air distribution system 15 is composed of an air distribution pipe 16 and an air distribution hood 17. The air distribution pipe 16 is a multi-stage hollow annular tubular structure. The bottom of the air distribution pipe 16 is connected with the hollow pipe of the grate 18. Shaped porous air distribution cover, a plurality of air distribution holes are set on the air distribution cover 17, the air distribution cover 17 is connected with the fire grate 18 through the support, and is positioned at the top of the air distribution pipe 16. The foul gas from the garbage dump is transported to the primary air inlet 14 by the fan and enters the hollow pipe of the fire grate 18, and the air distribution holes of the air distribution pipe 16 and the air distribution cover 17 are evenly supplied with oxygen for the burnout layer and the combustion layer.

The slag discharge system is composed of a slag guide chute 22 and a slag outlet 25. The slag guide chute 22 is located at the bottom of the furnace body 3 and is inclined. 25 is connected, through the slag guide chute 22 and the slag outlet 25, the burnt ash is discharged out of the pyrolysis furnace.

When the small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace of the utility model is working, the domestic waste from the closed garbage transfer vehicle is simply sorted manually, and after the recyclable parts and non-combustible parts such as glass and mud are picked out, they are transported by the feeding system to The feed port 1 of the pyrolysis furnace is pre-dried by the drying layer 26, and then transported to the pyrolysis layer 27 for pyrolysis and gasification under the condition of dilute oxygen or anoxic. The working temperature of the pyrolysis layer 27 is controlled below 500°C. The residue after gasification enters the combustion layer 28 and the burnout layer 29, and is fully burned under the condition of uniform air distribution by the air distribution pipe 16 and the air distribution hood 17. During the combustion process, the oxygen in the primary air is basically exhausted, which is pyrolysis. Create a pyrolysis condition of dilute oxygen or anoxic, and the burnt ash is discharged to the slag guide chute 22 through the grate 18, and finally discharged out of the pyrolysis furnace through the slag outlet 25. Through the corresponding inspection holes 7, observation holes 5, temperature measuring points 4 and pressure measuring points 6 of each layer in the pyrolysis furnace, the actual operation status of the pyrolysis furnace can be fed back in time. The middle part of the pyrolysis layer and the combustion layer is respectively provided with a circle of guide ramps 8 along the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace, which are used to control the feeding direction of the garbage and promote the uniform distribution of garbage in the furnace. The combustible pyrolysis gas is collected by the pyrolysis gas collection device and transported to the gas distribution system 15 at the lower part of the burnout layer through the fan 13, where it is fully burned in the burnout layer and/or the combustion layer, and the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is pyrolysis Layer and burnout layer provide the required energy. Exhaust gas from the pyrolysis gas is collected by the exhaust gas collection device and discharged out of the pyrolysis furnace through the exhaust gas outlet 21, and then introduced into the exhaust gas purification system through the fan for exhaust gas purification treatment.

Example 2

The structure of this example is basically the same as that of Example 1, the difference lies in the following two places:

1) The pyrolysis gas collection device used in this example is composed of a circle of anti-blocking gas collection ring 11 arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace and an annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe 10, and the annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe 10 is installed in the anti-blocking collection The lower part of the gas ring 11 collects combustible pyrolysis gas through the anti-blocking gas collection ring 11, and then transports it to the tar trap 12 through the annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe 10, and separates tar and large particle dust through the tar trap 12, Then enter the burnout layer and/or combustion layer through the gas distribution system 15 .

2) The slagging system used in this example is composed of a shaftless screw slag conveyor 24, ash hopper 23 and a slag outlet 25. The ash hopper 23 is installed under the fire grate 18 and is located at the shaftless screw slag conveyor 24. Above, the output end of the shaftless screw slag conveyor 24 is connected to the slag outlet 25 located outside the furnace body. The burnt ash falling from the grate 18 enters the ash hopper 23, falls into the shaftless screw slag conveyor 24 through the ash hopper 23, and is discharged outside the furnace body through the shaftless screw slag conveyor 24. The slag method is the form of active slag discharge.

The embodiments described above are only preferred implementations of the present utility model, and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present utility model. As described in the claims, various implementations carried out without departing from the main idea of the present utility model All these changes are included in the patent scope of the utility model application.

Claims (10)

1. Small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace, characterized in that: the pyrolysis furnace is divided into connected drying layer, pyrolysis layer, combustion layer and burnout layer from top to bottom; the top of the drying layer is provided with domestic waste feed The drying layer and/or pyrolysis layer is equipped with a pyrolysis gas collection and return system, through which the combustible pyrolysis gas is collected and transported to the burnout layer and/or combustion layer, and the upper part of the combustion layer is set to burn out The exhaust gas collection device discharges the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas collection device; a grate and gas distribution system are installed in the burnout layer, and a slag discharge system is installed below the burnout layer. 2. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drying layer, the pyrolysis layer, the combustion layer and the burnout layer respectively have inspection holes and observation holes and temperature monitoring holes arranged on the furnace wall. Measuring points and pressure measuring points, in which a circle of material guide ramps are respectively set along the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace in the middle of the pyrolysis layer and the combustion layer, which are used to control the feeding direction of the waste and promote the uniform distribution of waste in the furnace. 3. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the domestic waste feed inlet is in the shape of a cone and bucket, and is arranged at the center of the top of the furnace body. The pumping board plays the role of material control and air-holding. 4. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pyrolysis gas collection and return system consists of a pyrolysis gas collection device, a tar trap, a fan and a gas distribution system in sequence through pipelines The structure is connected sequentially; the pyrolysis gas collection device is installed on the drying layer and/or pyrolysis layer, and the tar trap and fan are arranged outside the furnace body. Tar and large particles of dust are separated, and then enter the burnout layer and/or combustion layer through the gas distribution system. 5. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the pyrolysis gas collection device is composed of a pyrolysis gas collection hood and a pyrolysis gas collection pipe, and the pyrolysis gas collection hood is conical The pyrolysis gas collection pipe is installed in the pyrolysis gas collection hood, and the pyrolysis gas collection pipe is connected to the tar trap through pipelines. 6. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the pyrolysis gas collection device is composed of an anti-blocking gas collection ring and an annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace, The annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe is installed at the lower part of the anti-blocking gas collection ring, and the annular pyrolysis gas collection pipe is connected with the tar trap through pipelines. 7. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the exhaust gas collection device is composed of a waste gas collection hood and a waste gas collection pipe, the waste gas collection hood is in a conical structure, and the waste gas is collected The pipe is installed in the exhaust gas collecting hood, and the exhaust gas collecting pipe extends out of the furnace body and connects to the exhaust gas outlet. 8. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the gas distribution system includes an air distribution pipe and an air distribution hood installed above the grate, the air distribution pipe is a hollow annular tubular structure, and the distribution The air pipe is connected with the hollow fire grate, the air distribution hood is a conical porous air distribution hood, the air distribution hood is installed on the fire grate through a support, and is located above the air distribution pipe. 9. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the slag discharge system is composed of a slag guide chute and a slag outlet, and the slag guide chute is located at the bottom of the furnace body and is inclined. The lower part of the slag guide chute is connected with the slag outlet provided on the outside of the furnace body, and the burnt ash is discharged out of the pyrolysis furnace through the slag guide chute and the slag outlet. 10. The small domestic waste pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the slag discharge system is composed of a shaftless screw slag conveyor, ash hopper and slag outlet, and the ash hopper is installed on the grate Below and above the shaftless screw slag conveyor, the output end of the shaftless screw slag conveyor is connected to the slag outlet located outside the furnace body.