CN210242986U - Spectral imaging system based on wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating - Google Patents
Spectral imaging system based on wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a spectral imaging technique, concretely relates to spectral imaging system based on divide two blaze plane reflection grating of wavefront. The utility model aims at solving the problem that the volume and the weight of the instrument are too large when the ultra-wide spectrum imaging is completed by the existing ultra-wide spectrum detection, and providing a spectrum imaging system based on the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating. The system comprises a front telescope, a slit, a mirror image imaging lens, a wave division front double-blazed plane reflection grating, a first optical receiving device and a second optical receiving device, wherein the front telescope, the slit, the mirror image imaging lens and the wave division front double-blazed plane reflection grating are sequentially and coaxially arranged along the light incidence direction; the slit is positioned at the coincidence position of the image surface of the front telescope and the object surface of the mirror image imaging lens; the incident plane of the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating is a periodic triangular line groove scribing plane.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a spectral imaging technique, concretely relates to spectral imaging system based on divide two blaze plane reflection grating of wavefront, also be dispersion type spectral imaging system.
Background
The spectral imaging technology using the grating as a dispersion element has very important application value in the aspect of remote sensing imaging, the common grating types mainly comprise a plane grating, a convex grating and a concave grating, and different gratings need to adopt different optical structure types to meet different performance requirements. Among them, the planar grating is widely used due to the mature scribing process.
The plane grating in the spectral imaging system mostly adopts a reflection type, and the reflection type grating can be flawled in a directional mode, so that the effective utilization of the energy of the spectrograph is realized. The typical light path structure consists of a front imaging objective lens, a slit, a collimating lens, a grating, a converging lens and an area array detector. In remote sensing applications, detection of an ultra-wide spectrum band is often required for spectrum imaging, for example, spectrum detection from visible light to short wave infrared, and generally, the detection is limited by a detector receiving spectrum band and a light path structure, a directional reflection grating in the light path is blazed in only one direction, and a grating incident surface is a periodic sawtooth-shaped groove scribing surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at solving and needing two sets of optical systems to accomplish super wide spectral imaging in the current super wide spectral detection, lead to instrument volume and too big technical problem of weight, and provide a spectral imaging system based on two blaze plane reflection gratings of wavefront division.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a technical solution as follows:
a spectral imaging system based on a wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating is characterized in that: the device comprises a front telescope, a slit, a mirror image imaging lens, a wave division front double-blazed plane reflection grating, a first optical receiving device and a second optical receiving device, wherein the front telescope, the slit, the mirror image imaging lens, the wave division front double-blazed plane reflection grating, the first optical receiving device and the second optical receiving device are sequentially and coaxially arranged along the light incidence direction;
the image space focal plane of the front telescope is superposed with the object space focal plane of the mirror image imaging lens;
the slit is positioned at the superposition position of the image focal plane and the object focal plane;
the incident surface of the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating is a periodic triangular line groove scribing surface; the periodic triangular line groove scribing surface forms a period by a first blaze surface and a second blaze surface; the normal of the first blaze surface and the normal of the second blaze surface form a positive diffraction blaze angle r1 and a negative diffraction blaze angle r2 with the normal of the double-blaze-plane reflection grating before the partial wave;
the relational equation between the forward diffraction blaze angle r1 and the diffraction principal of the first blaze surface is as follows:
2dsinr1cosr1＝m1λ；
the relationship equation of the negative diffraction blaze angle r2 and the diffraction principal of the second blaze surface is as follows:
2dsinr2cosr2＝m2λ；
wherein:
d is the grating constant, which has the value of the horizontal length of one triangle period;
m1 is the grating diffraction order of the first blazed surface, and m1 is 0, 1, 2, …;
m2 is the grating diffraction order of the second blazed surface, and m2 is 0, -1, -2, …;
λ is the wavelength of the incident beam wavefront W;
the first optical receiving device and the second optical receiving device are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the slit and positioned in a reflection light path of the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating.
Further, in order to realize the spatial layout, the mirror imaging lens is a large-field-of-view imaging lens.
Further, in order to provide a sufficient degree of spatial separation between the incident light beam and the spectral imaging light beam, the grating diffraction order m1 of the first blaze surface and the grating diffraction order m2 of the second blaze surface satisfy the following relation:
m1-∣m2∣＝1；
or m1- | m2 | -2.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
the utility model provides a spectral imaging system based on two blaze plane reflection gratings of wavefront division, be a new super wide spectral band spectral imaging implementation method that proposes in order to realize super wide spectrum remote sensing imaging better, the core of this kind of method is that the two blaze plane reflection gratings of wavefront division that adopt special design combine together with mirror image formation of image light path design, only need adopt a set of mirror image camera lens, can replace the four camera lens combinations of two sets of collimating lenses and two sets of converging lenses that use in the present super wide spectral band spectral imaging, realize super wide spectral band spectral imaging, can reduce spectral imaging system's volume and weight widely, make the instrument have better performance, thereby can satisfy the requirement of space products to small and light in weight.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spectral imaging system based on wavefront division dual blazed plane reflection grating of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wave-division front double-blazed plane reflection grating in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a simulation example of the design of the spectral imaging system in fig. 1, in which only a part of the elements of the spectral imaging system are shown, including a slit, a mirror image imaging lens, and a divided-wave-front dual blazed planar reflection grating 4, a first optical receiving device and a second optical receiving device;
description of reference numerals:
1-a front telescope; 2-a slit; 3-a mirror image imaging lens; 4-divided wave front double-blazed plane reflection grating; 5-a first optical receiving device; 6-a second optical receiving device; 7-a first blaze surface; 8-second blaze surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to realize the ultra-wide spectrum remote sensing imaging better, the utility model provides a new technology implementation method, the core of this kind of technique is that the design of the two blaze plane reflection grating 4 before the component wave of adopting special design and mirror image formation of image light path, only needs to adopt a set of mirror image camera lens can replace the four camera lens combinations of two sets of collimating lenses and two sets of convergent mirrors, realizes ultra-wide spectral band spectral imaging, can reduce spectral imaging system's volume and weight widely, makes the instrument have better performance.
The utility model discloses a spectrum imaging system's principle is shown in figure 1 based on two blazed plane reflection grating of minute wavefront, and this system includes along leading telescope 1, slit 2, mirror image imaging lens 3 and the two blazed plane reflection grating 4 of minute wavefront that light incident direction coaxial arrange in proper order to and be located first optical receiver 5 and second optical receiver 6 on slit 2 place plane respectively, wherein first optical receiver 5 and second optical receiver 6 are located slit 2's upper and lower both sides respectively, and are located the reflection light path of the two blazed plane reflection grating 4 of minute wavefront.
The front telescope 1 collects incident light beam wave front W (energy) from a target scene and images the incident light beam wave front W at a slit 2 arranged at an image side focal plane of the front telescope 1, the slit 2 is simultaneously arranged at an object side focal plane of a mirror image imaging lens 3, the mirror image imaging lens 3 collimates light rays imaged at the slit 2 and then vertically irradiates the light rays onto a split wave front double-blazed plane reflection grating 4, and the incident light beam wave front W is reflected at the split wave front double-blazed plane reflection grating 4 and is divided into a positive-order blazed wave front W1 and a negative-order blazed wave front W2 (which can also be called as a positive-order diffracted wave front W1 and a negative-order diffracted wave front W2). The positive-order blazed wavefront W1 is imaged again on the first optical receiving device 5 arranged at the object focal plane of the mirror image imaging lens 3 through the mirror image imaging lens 3 along the positive-order diffraction direction to form a positive-order diffraction spectrum image of the scenery, and the negative-order blazed wavefront W2 is imaged again on the second optical receiving device 6 arranged at the object focal plane of the mirror image imaging lens 3 through the mirror image imaging lens 3 along the negative-order diffraction direction to form a negative-order diffraction spectrum image of the scenery.
Here, the positive order blazed wavefront W1 and the negative order blazed wavefront W2 may be the same spectral band or different spectral bands, for example, the positive order blazed wavefront W1 may be a visible spectral band or a short-wave infrared spectral band; the negative order blazed wavefront W2 may be in the visible spectrum range or may be in the short wavelength infrared spectrum range.
The utility model discloses a two blaze plane reflection grating 4 before the partial wave are a special design's unconventional grating, and the directional reflection grating under the normal conditions is only blazed in a direction, therefore the grating is designed into the cockscomb structure, and in order to reduce the light energy loss, the ruling face designs into short and steep pattern, and the grating structure of this kind of pattern is difficult to realize super wide spectrum detection in the light path structure of a mirror image formation of image camera lens 3. In order to realize ultra-wide spectrum imaging in a group of light paths, the utility model designs the grating surface into a triangle (namely, the incident surface of the wave-division double blazed plane reflection grating 4 is designed into a periodical triangle line groove scribing surface), thereby forming two blazed surfaces of a first blazed surface 7 and a second blazed surface 8, when the incident light is incident on the grating surface, the light is divided into two parts, one part is blazed along the positive level, the other part is blazed along the negative level, the design parameters of the wave-division front double blazed plane reflection grating 4 are shown in figure 2, the surface is the periodical triangle line groove scribing surface, the two scribed surfaces of the triangle are grating working surfaces, namely the first blazed surface 7 and the second blazed surface 8, the normal of the first blazed surface 7 and the normal of the second blazed surface 8 respectively form two blazed angles of a positive diffraction angle 1 and a negative diffraction angle r2 with the normal of the wave-division double blazed plane reflection grating 4, the main energy of the diffracted incident beam wave front W is concentrated on the positive diffraction order and the negative diffraction order corresponding to the positive diffraction blaze angle r1 and the negative diffraction blaze angle r2, so that the divided wave front double blaze spectrum imaging is realized.
The diffraction principle of the wave-splitting double-blazed-surface reflection grating 4 and the blazed surface greatly meets the commonly used grating equation, one triangular period is the grating constant d,
dsinθ＝mλ；
m＝0，±1，±2，…
in the formula, d is a grating constant, m is a grating diffraction order, and lambda is a wavelength; theta is a diffraction angle;
under the condition of adopting a mirror image imaging optical path, the double blazed plane reflection grating 4 before the partial wave is vertical to the optical axis (the incident direction of light), so that a relational equation between the diffraction principal maximum of the blazed surface and two blazed angles can be obtained:
2dsinr1cosr1＝m1λ；
2dsinr2cosr2＝m2λ；
wherein,
m1 is the grating diffraction order of the first blazed surface, and m1 is 0, 1, 2, …;
m2 is the grating diffraction order of the second blazed surface, and m2 is 0, -1, -2, ….
Fig. 3 is the design simulation example of the utility model, in order to realize spatial layout, mirror image imaging lens 3 should be big visual field imaging lens, simultaneously the blaze level of the wavefront division double blazed plane reflection grating 4 can be the same level, also can be different levels. The positive order blazed wavefront W1 may preferably be one or two orders higher than the negative order blazed wavefront W2; alternatively, the negative order blazed wavefront W2 may preferably be one or two orders higher than the positive order blazed wavefront W1, so that the incident beam and the spectral imaging beam have sufficient spatial separation. That is, the grating diffraction order m1 of the first blazed surface 7 and the grating diffraction order m2 of the second blazed surface 8 preferably satisfy the following relation:
m1-∣m2∣＝1；
or m1- | m2 | -2.
The utility model discloses spectral imaging method based on above-mentioned spectral imaging system of dividing wave front two blaze plane reflection grating, including following step:
1) the front telescope 1 collects the incident beam wave front W from the target scene and images the incident beam wave front W at the slit 2;
2) the light rays imaged at the slit 2 are collimated by the mirror image imaging lens 3 and then vertically incident on the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating 4;
the incident surface of the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating 4 is a periodic triangular line groove scribing surface; the periodic triangular line groove scribing surface forms a period by a first blaze surface 7 and a second blaze surface 8; the normal of the first blaze surface 7 and the normal of the second blaze surface 8 form a positive diffraction blaze angle r1 and a negative diffraction blaze angle r2 with the normal of the double-blaze-plane reflection grating 4 before the partial wave;
the relationship equation between the forward diffraction blaze angle r1 and the diffraction principal of the first blaze surface 7 is as follows:
2dsinr1cosr1＝m1λ；
the relationship equation of the negative diffraction blaze angle r2 and the diffraction principal of the second blaze surface 8 is as follows:
2dsinr2cosr2＝m2λ；
wherein:
d is the grating constant, which has the value of the horizontal length of one triangle period;
m1 is the grating diffraction order of the first blazed surface 7, and m1 is 0, 1, 2, …;
m2 is the grating diffraction order of the second blazed surface 8, and m2 is 0, -1, -2, …;
λ is the wavelength of the incident beam wavefront W;
3) the wave-dividing double blazed plane reflection grating 4 reflects the wave front W of the incident beam and divides the wave front W into a positive-order secondary blazed wave front W1 and a negative-order secondary blazed wave front W2; the positive secondary blazed wavefront W1 is a visible light spectrum section or a short wave infrared spectrum section; the negative secondary blazed wavefront W2 is a visible light spectrum section or a short wave infrared spectrum section;
4) the positive order blazed wavefront W1 and the negative order blazed wavefront W2 are imaged on the first optical receiving device 5 and the second optical receiving device 6 via the mirror image imaging lens 3.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to equally replace some technical features of the embodiments, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A spectral imaging system based on a wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating is characterized in that: the device comprises a front telescope (1), a slit (2), a mirror image imaging lens (3), a wave division front double-blazed plane reflection grating (4) which are coaxially arranged in sequence along the incident direction of light, and a first optical receiving device (5) and a second optical receiving device (6) which are respectively positioned on the plane of the slit (2);
the image space focal plane of the front telescope (1) is superposed with the object space focal plane of the mirror image imaging lens (3);
the slit (2) is positioned at the superposition position of the image focal plane and the object focal plane;
the incident surface of the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating (4) is a periodic triangular line groove scribing surface; the periodic triangular line groove scribing surface forms a period by a first blaze surface (7) and a second blaze surface (8); the normal of the first blazed surface (7), the normal of the second blazed surface (8) and the normal of the double-blazed-plane reflection grating (4) before the partial wave form a positive diffraction blazed angle r1 and a negative diffraction blazed angle r2 respectively;
the relation equation of the positive diffraction blaze angle r1 and the diffraction principal of the first blaze surface (7) is as follows:
2dsinr1cosr1＝m1λ；
the relationship equation of the negative diffraction blaze angle r2 and the diffraction principal of the second blaze surface (8) is as follows:
2dsinr2cosr2＝m2λ；
wherein:
d is the grating constant, which has the value of the horizontal length of one triangle period;
m1 is the grating diffraction order of the first blazed surface (7), and m1 is 0, 1, 2, …;
m2 is the grating diffraction order of the second blazed surface (8), and m2 is 0, -1, -2, …;
λ is the wavelength of the incident beam wavefront W;
the first optical receiving device (5) and the second optical receiving device (6) are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the slit (2) and positioned in a reflection light path of the wavefront division double-blazed plane reflection grating (4).
2. The spectral imaging system based on a wavefront-dividing dual blazed planar reflection grating as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mirror image imaging lens (3) is a large-view-field imaging lens.
3. The spectral imaging system based on a wavefront-dividing dual blazed planar reflection grating as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the grating diffraction order m1 of the first blazed surface (7) and the grating diffraction order m2 of the second blazed surface (8) satisfy the following relational expression:
m1-∣m2∣＝1；
or m1- | m2 | -2.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110375856A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-25 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Spectrum imaging system and method based on glittering plane reflection gratings double before partial wave |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110375856A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-25 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Spectrum imaging system and method based on glittering plane reflection gratings double before partial wave |
| CN110375856B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2024-08-16 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Spectral imaging system and method based on split wavefront double blazed plane reflection grating |
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