CN103674243B - LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method - Google Patents
LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method, is characterized in that interference component is made up of a spectroscope, corner cube reflector I, corner cube reflector II and two aperture diaphragms; Spectroscope becomes 135 degree to place with incident parallel light; The vertex position relative reflection light optical axis position of corner cube reflector I starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along reflected light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; The vertex position Relative Transmission light optical axis position of corner cube reflector II starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along transmitted light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; Two aperture diaphragms are separately positioned on the vertex position place of two corner cube reflectors, and place perpendicular to reflected light optical axis and transmitted light optical axis respectively.When optical parametric is consistent, reduce spectroscopical size, the size of interference component and the overall dimensions of spectrometer are effectively controlled, and the growth difficulty of material and difficulty of processing all reduce, and have saved cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to interference spectroscopy field, relate to a kind of spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method of long wave infrared region.
Background technology
Since the appearance of the First Fourier transform imaging spectrometer sixties in 20th century, the history of existing more than 40 year so far.Time-modulation type Fourier transform spectrometer, technology in early days based on index glass scanning is very ripe, is widely used in space flight and airborne remote sensing field.The eighties in last century, in order to overcome the shortcoming existed in the time-modulation type Fourier transform spectrometer, based on index glass scanning, people start to study spatial modulation type Fourier transform spectrometer.LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory of the U.S. has carried out infrared band, imaging Fourier transform (IFT) systematic research, and has done relevant simulation test.Under the support of USAF, Florida technical institute of the U.S., Kestrel company and Pillips laboratory for successfully completing visible ray ultraphotic spectrum Fourier transform imaging spectrometer (FTVHS) for airborne remote sensing, FTVHS core component have employed the trigonometric expression interferometer of band slit diaphragm, using area array CCD as sensitive detection parts.Enter this century, Hawaii, America university adopts total reflection Sagnac interferometer to be that the window that core component has been succeeded in developing without slit sweeps large aperture spatial modulation imaging spectrometer.International scientific application company proposes the thinking of Mach-Zehnder interferometer as high light flux Static-state Space modulation type Fourier transform imaging spectrometer of utilization improvement.The Tian Minggang of Japan is good for the male thinking waiting people to propose Michelson spatial modulation type interferometer, and French Tosa company adopts the program to achieve window in far infrared and sweeps large aperture spatial modulation imaging spectrometer preliminary experiment.
Comparatively speaking, Mach-Zehnder interferometer is not easily debug, and through engineering approaches is comparatively difficult.Fig. 1 is Mach-Zehnder interferometer light path schematic diagram, and as seen from the figure, two spectroscopes and two catoptrons all need high-precision processing and install the precision of guarantee emergent light path difference, and processing resetting difficulty is large.
Sagnac and Michelson spatial modulation type interferometer belongs to Transverse Shear cut type interferometer together.Fig. 2 is Transverse Shear cut type interferometer schematic diagram, interference component in Transverse Shear cut type interferometer is equivalent to a Transverse Shear cutter, namely infinite point light source send light (or through collimation after light) after interference component, the light beam with identical shooting angle is two parts by lateral shear, then focuses in the same point of image planes through fourier lense; The effect of lateral shear is equivalent to a light source S to be decomposed into virtual light source S1, S2 that two are positioned at infinite point, and the distance between these two light sources equals the horizontal shear capacity L of Transverse Shear cutter (interference component).Therefore, produce phase differential, image planes produce interference fringe.
To there is system dimension in Sagnac trigonometric expression interferometer large on very long wave infrared window, and parts are expensive, cost is high, and the problems such as Amici prism processing and plated film difficulty, apply more at visible ray and near infrared field at present.Fig. 3 is Sagnac interferometer light path schematic diagram.Sagnac interference device realizes with two and half pentagonal prism gummeds.Can find out, light is longer through the light path of prism, makes prism dimensions comparatively large, due to can thoroughly long wave infrared region limited material and absorptivity is higher, the stroke through prism is longer, and absorb larger, light utilization efficiency is lower; It is comparatively large that beam splitting coating is coated with difficulty, needs two pieces of prism cementings or fill high-index material between, increasing the difficulty of realization.If what Sagnac interference device adopted is that catoptron and spectroscope realize, its effect adopts the light stroke of two and half pentagonal prisms longer by causing the stroke ratio of light, and system bulk is larger.
Fig. 4 is conventional high flux Transverse Shear cut type Michelson static interferometer interference component light path principle figure.Parallel beam is through spectroscope light splitting, respectively through 2 corner cube reflector reflections, in two corner cube reflectors, a corner cube reflector vertex position is placed on optical axis, the relative optical axis transverse shifting in another corner cube reflector summit 1/2 horizontal shear capacity, make two bundle emergent raies produce the phase differential of a horizontal shear capacity, thus make two-beam line after fourier lense, produce the optical path difference reached required for spectral resolution.The method is of the present invention closest to prior art, the problem such as solve that Sagnac interferometer prism dimensions is large, the process for plating difficulty of prism cementing and beam splitting coating is large, but, actual design size is still too large, beam splitter needs to use larger crystal material, higher to the requirement of optical manufacturing.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that the corner cube reflector and spectroscope size that solve conventional Michelson static Transverse Shear cut type interferometer are bigger than normal, the invention provides a kind of LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method, to reduce corner cube reflector and spectroscopical size, realize the miniaturization of interferometer.
LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method of the present invention, is characterized in that: interference component is made up of a spectroscope, corner cube reflector I, corner cube reflector II and two aperture diaphragms; Spectroscope becomes 135 degree to place with incident parallel light; The vertex position relative reflection light optical axis position of corner cube reflector I starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along reflected light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; The vertex position Relative Transmission light optical axis position of corner cube reflector II starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along transmitted light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; Two aperture diaphragms are separately positioned on the vertex position place of two corner cube reflectors, and place perpendicular to reflected light optical axis and transmitted light optical axis respectively.
Interference technique of the present invention is: the light of scene scanning after telescopic system collimation enters interference component, and be divided into two bundles by spectroscope according to same-amplitude, a branch of is reflected light, and another bundle is transmitted light; Reflected light reflects through corner cube reflector I, then transmits interference component through spectroscope; Transmitted light reflects through corner cube reflector II, then the mirror that is split reflects interference component; Two-beam line is combined to form the coherent light with a shearing displacement, is focused on by fourier lense, is imaged onto in infrared eye image planes, forms interference fringe, and recycling fourier transform processor carries out the spectral information that Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains scenery.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: when optical parametric is consistent, by to two corner cube reflectors with hour offset and the reasonable setting to aperture diaphragm position, reduce spectroscopical size, the size of interference component and the overall dimensions of spectrometer are effectively controlled.Due to the ZnSe material of spectroscope many employings high permeability, the reduction of spectroscope size, reduces growth difficulty and the difficulty of processing of material, has saved cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Mach-Zehnder interferometer light path schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 Sagnac interferometer light path schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 Transverse Shear cut type interferometer schematic diagram;
The high flux Transverse Shear cut type Michelson static interferometer light path principle figure of Fig. 4 routine;
Fig. 5 miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED of the present invention spatially modulated interference imaging spectrometer schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 aperture diaphragm is arranged on the scale diagrams of the miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED Spatially modulated interferometer after telescopic system;
Fig. 7 aperture diaphragm is arranged on the scale diagrams of the miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED Spatially modulated interferometer before fourier lense;
Fig. 8 aperture diaphragm is arranged on the scale diagrams of the miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED Spatially modulated interferometer of corner cube reflector vertex position;
Fig. 9 aperture diaphragm is arranged on the dimensional drawing of the miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED Spatially modulated interferometer interference component after telescopic system;
Figure 10 aperture diaphragm is arranged on the dimensional drawing of the miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED Spatially modulated interferometer interference component before fourier lense;
Figure 11 aperture diaphragm is arranged on the dimensional drawing of the miniaturization LONG WAVE INFRARED Spatially modulated interferometer interference component of corner cube reflector vertex position;
The interference component optimal size schematic diagram of the relative light shaft offset in Figure 12 single corner cube reflector summit 1/2 horizontal shear capacity;
Figure 13 two corner cube reflectors offset the interference component optimal size schematic diagram of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity simultaneously relative to optical axis position;
The scale diagrams of Figure 14 corner cube reflector apex offset amount diagonal cone catoptron caliber size impact.
In figure: 1. spectroscope, 2. corner cube reflector I, 3. corner cube reflector II, 4. catoptron I, 5. catoptron II, 6. spectroscope I, 7. spectroscope II, 8. telescopic system, 9. interference component, 10. fourier lense, 11. detectors, 12. fourier transform processors, 13. aperture diaphragms.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.Specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, does not limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, the present embodiment is the example that the inventive method is applied to the LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference imaging system miniaturization of employing 320 × 256 yuan of detectors.Comprise telescopic system 8, fourier lense 10, infrared eye 11, fourier transform processor 12, is characterized in that: interference component 9 is made up of a spectroscope 1, corner cube reflector I 2, corner cube reflector II 3 and two aperture diaphragms 13; Spectroscope 1 becomes 135 degree to place with incident parallel light; The vertex position relative reflection light optical axis position of corner cube reflector I 2 starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along reflected light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; The vertex position Relative Transmission light optical axis position of corner cube reflector II 3 starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along transmitted light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; Corner cube reflector I 2 and corner cube reflector II 3 can adopt two right angle ridge mirrors or two pyramid prisms to replace; Two aperture diaphragms 13 are separately positioned on the vertex position place of corner cube reflector I and corner cube reflector II, and place perpendicular to transmitted light optical axis and reflected light optical axis respectively.
Interference technique of the present invention is: the light of scene scanning after telescopic system 8 collimates enters interference component 9, and be divided into two bundles by spectroscope 1 according to same-amplitude, a branch of is reflected light, and another bundle is transmitted light; Reflected light reflects through corner cube reflector I 2, then transmits interference component through spectroscope; Transmitted light reflects through corner cube reflector II 3, then the mirror that is split reflects interference component; The coherent light that one has shearing displacement is combined to form from the two-beam line of interference component outgoing, focused on by fourier lense 10, image in infrared eye 11 image planes, form interference fringe, recycling fourier transform processor 12 carries out the spectral information that Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains scenery.
Above-mentioned horizontal shear capacity L and interferometer spectral resolution, by following formulae discovery;
（1）
（2）
In formula,
for horizontal shear capacity,
for the maximum spectral resolving power of infrared eye, for 320 × 256 yuan of detectors, with 320 pixel directions for spectrum is tieed up,
,
for the monolateral total number of sample points of interferogram,
for the minimal wave length that can detect, as wave band 8 ~ 12 μm, be 8 μm, y is the edge lengths of the maximum spectral resolving power of image planes,
for fourier lense focal length,
for spectral resolution,
for detector pixel dimension,
.From above two formulas, use 320 × 256 yuan, pixel dimension 30 μm, the spectral resolution that can reach during the Long Wave Infrared Probe that response wave band is 8 ~ 12 μm is better than 8cm
-1.After have selected detector, shearing displacement
determined by the spectral resolution needing to reach and fourier lense focal length.
The inventive method has the technique effect making interference component miniaturization:
First, as shown in Figure 8, when aperture diaphragm 13 is arranged on corner cube reflector I 2 of the present invention with corner cube reflector II 3 vertex position, the size of spectroscope 1 reduces to some extent.Fig. 6 after relatively aperture diaphragm is arranged on telescopic system 8 and aperture diaphragm are arranged on the Fig. 7 before fourier lense 10, under identical optical parametric precondition, when aperture diaphragm is arranged on the vertex position of corner cube reflector, telescopic system, interference component and fourier lense size are obtained for control, for optimization position, interferometer size is controlled.Under Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11 are illustrated respectively in identical optical parameter, after aperture diaphragm 13 lays respectively at telescopic system 8, before fourier lense 10, corner cube reflector I 2 and corner cube reflector II 3 vertex position time interference component dimensional drawing.Three width figure have marked the effective dimensions of spectroscope 1 respectively.Can find out, when aperture diaphragm is arranged on corner cube reflector vertex position, after spectroscope size ratio is arranged on telescopic system, or it is all little to be arranged on before fourier lense, is optimization position.
Secondly, corner cube reflector I 2 and corner cube reflector II 3 apex offset amount are on the impact of interferometer size.Shown in Figure 12 is the interference component optimal size of corner cube reflector I 2 summit relative reflection light optical axis vertical direction when offseting 1/2 horizontal shear capacity L, and shown in Figure 13 is the interference component optimal size of corner cube reflector I 2 when offseting 1/4 horizontal shear capacity L counterclockwise along reflected light and incident light axis vertical direction respectively with corner cube reflector II 3.In the consistent situation of optical parametric, the interference component size of the relative light shaft offset in single corner cube reflector summit, with the interference component size of two corner cube reflectors simultaneously when optical axis position offsets, respectively by height
with
impact, computing formula is:
（3）
（4）
（5）
In formula,
dfor incident light diameter,
lfor horizontal shear capacity,
for maximum half field angle of spectrum dimension direction, these three parameters are by detector array, detector F number, and fourier lense focal length determines.Other parameters shown in Figure 12, Figure 13 all can be by
d,
l,
three expressed as parameters.Obviously,
, from formula (5),
.So, when optical parametric is consistent, optimization interference component size during the relative light shaft offset in two corner cube reflector summits, be less than the optimization interference component size of single corner cube reflector summit when optical axis position offsets, namely the mode adopting two corner cube reflectors I 2 of the present invention simultaneously to offset relative to optical axis position with corner cube reflector II 3, can make system dimension be less than the system dimension of existing high flux Transverse Shear cut type Michelson static interferometer.
Shown in Figure 14 is the impact (aperture diaphragm position is at fixed position place) of side-play amount diagonal cone catoptron I 2 and corner cube reflector II 3 size, and in figure, D is the bore of corner cube reflector II 3, is provided by following formula:
（6）
In formula, d is incident light diameter, and k is the side-play amount of corner cube reflector summit relative to incident light axis,
for maximum half field angle of spectrum dimension direction.As can be seen from formula, when incident light diameter and field angle certain, the side-play amount k of the relative incident light axis in corner cube reflector summit determines the size of corner cube reflector, and k is larger, and D is larger.Therefore, form shearing displacement L, the summit of the corner cube reflector I 2 that corner cube reflector I 2 and corner cube reflector II 3 produce with hour offset 1/4th horizontal shear capacities (L/4) and corner cube reflector II 3 is minimum relative to the side-play amount k value of reflected light and transmission optical axis, and the bore D of corner cube reflector I 2 and corner cube reflector II 3 is also minimum.
Namely the corner cube reflector offset manner of the inventive method is adopted, in incident light diameter d and maximum half field angle of spectrum dimension direction
when certain, when obtaining horizontal shear capacity L, corner cube reflector and beam splitter size minimum, make system dimension be less than the system dimension of existing high flux Transverse Shear cut type Michelson static interferometer.
In the present embodiment, spectroscope 1 uses the ZnSe material of high permeability, and the face being coated with spectro-film is positioned at the plane of incidence of incident parallel light, and through wave band 8 ~ 12 μm, transmission/reflectivity is 1/1.The face being coated with anti-reflection film is positioned at the exit facet of incident parallel light, and through wave band 8 ~ 12 μm, transmitance is greater than 97%.Detector uses 320 × 256 yuan of refrigeration mode mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) focus planardetectors, response wave band 8 ~ 12 μm.
The size of lateral shear value is needed the spectral resolution reached by previously described formula (1), (2), detector data and the fourier lense focal length of actual use determine.
Embodiment illustrating and calculating with following optical index for miniaturization target:
By formula (1), (2), d=50mm, 9.6mm direction, capture face is spectrum dimension, and maximum spectral resolving power is 160, then,
,
≈ 2.75 °,
.
Use the desirable optimal size of the interference component of above-mentioned parameter design can be obtained by Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Shi (3), (4), (5),
≈ 7mm.So in this example, optimization interference component size during the relative light shaft offset in two corner cube reflector summits, is less than the optimization interference component size of single corner cube reflector summit when optical axis position offsets.
Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 indicate the difference of aperture diaphragm position in interference component to the impact of interferometer size.For identical optical parametric, three kinds of possible aperture diaphragm positions, aperture diaphragm position is when corner cube reflector mirror vertex position, and telescopic system, interference component and fourier lense size are obtained for control, for optimization position, interferometer system size is controlled.
Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11 show, under the optical parametric of the present embodiment, aperture diaphragm position respectively after telescopic system, before fourier lense and the interference component size of corner cube reflector vertex position and spectroscopical effective dimensions.Can find out, when aperture diaphragm position is arranged on corner cube reflector vertex position, spectroscope size is under control, and spectroscope effective aperture time after being arranged on telescopic system than aperture diaphragm position, before fourier lense is reduced to 98.73mm by 122.62mm.
The application of the inventive method, the size of interference component is controlled, and the size of spectroscope, fourier lense and telescopic system is also controlled simultaneously, and whole inteference imaging spectrometer system achieves miniaturization.
The present invention can also convert utilization, such as: spectroscope uses other high permeability materials; Corner cube reflector can use right angle ridge mirror or pyramid prism to substitute; Detector can use refrigeration profile battle array focal plane detection device, also can use non-refrigeration type focus planardetector, Linear FPA device etc.
Be specially in Michelson interference component, use two corner cube reflectors move away simultaneously certain displacement, produce horizontal shear capacity, produce interference fringe, and aperture diaphragm position is arranged on the mode of corner cube reflector vertex position, formation is cheap and the efficiency of light energy utilization is high
modifiedmichelson spatial modulation and interference method.The method is mainly used in the high flux remote measurement high spectrum intervention imaging spectrometer of long wave infrared region, is equally applicable to the high spectrum intervention spectrometer of the wave bands such as medium-wave infrared, short-wave infrared, visible ray and ultraviolet light.
Claims (4)
1. LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method, it is characterized in that: light enter successively telescopic system (8), interference component (9), through fourier lense (10) focal imaging on infrared eye (11) image planes, more (12) carry out by fourier transform processor the spectral information that Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains scenery; Interference component (9) by a spectroscope (1), corner cube reflector I (2), (13) corner cube reflector II (3) and two aperture diaphragm form; (1) spectroscope becomes 135 degree to place with incident parallel light; Corner cube reflector I vertex position relative reflection light optical axis position (2) starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along reflected light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; Corner cube reflector II vertex position Relative Transmission light optical axis position (3) starts, and offsets the displacement of 1/4 horizontal shear capacity along transmitted light optical axis vertical direction counterclockwise; Two aperture diaphragms be (13) separately positioned on corner cube reflector I (2) with corner cube reflector II vertex position place (3), and to place perpendicular to reflected light optical axis and transmitted light optical axis respectively.
2. LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: interference technique of the present invention is that (9) the light of scene scanning after telescopic system collimation enter interference component, (1) two bundles are divided into according to same-amplitude by spectroscope, a branch of is reflected light, and another bundle is transmitted light; (2) reflected light reflects through corner cube reflector I, then transmits interference component through spectroscope; (3) transmitted light reflects through corner cube reflector II, then the mirror that is split reflects interference component; Two-beam line is combined to form the coherent light with a shearing displacement, (10) focused on by fourier lense, be imaged onto infrared eye (11) in image planes, form interference fringe, (12) recycling fourier transform processor carries out the spectral information that Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains scenery.
3. LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: (1) spectroscope uses the ZnSe material of high permeability, the face being coated with spectro-film is positioned at the plane of incidence of incident parallel light, and through wave band 8 ~ 12 μm, transmission/reflectivity is 1/1; The face being coated with anti-reflection film is positioned at the exit facet of incident parallel light, and through wave band 8 ~ 12 μm, transmitance is greater than 97%.
4. LONG WAVE INFRARED spatial modulation and interference miniaturization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: (3) (2) corner cube reflector I can adopt two right angle ridge mirrors or two pyramid prisms to replace with corner cube reflector II.
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| CN104568152B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Fourier transform imaging spectrometer adopting lateral shear interference scanning |
| CN105318969A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-02-10 | 西安应用光学研究所 | Infrared interference imaging spectrometer based on biplane right angle reflectors |
| CN106338342B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-07-13 | 昆明物理研究所 | Space-time hybrid modulation infrared interference spectrum imaging system quasi real time and methods and applications |
| CN106644076B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Phase shift interference spectrum imaging system and imaging method |
| CN106768333B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Underwater highly sensitive optical spectrum imaging device and imaging method |
| CN109709785B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Holographic telescope and telescope |
| CN111650163B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-06-22 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method and device for measuring transmittance of high-power laser antireflection film |
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