CN210092226U - Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system and fuel cell automobile - Google Patents
Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system and fuel cell automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN210092226U CN210092226U CN201921414503.8U CN201921414503U CN210092226U CN 210092226 U CN210092226 U CN 210092226U CN 201921414503 U CN201921414503 U CN 201921414503U CN 210092226 U CN210092226 U CN 210092226U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model provides a fuel cell car waste heat power generation system, fuel cell car. The system comprises a temperature difference power generation module, a DC-DC power supply module, a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat dissipation system and a three-way valve. The utility model discloses utilize thermoelectric generation and phase transition heat-retaining technique to carry out recycle to fuel cell used heat, can reduce fuel cell's heat dissipation requirement, improve the stability that gets into the coolant liquid temperature of fuel cell stack, the adaptability of reinforcing fuel cell car in cold area realizes the quick cold start under the low temperature environment of fuel cell car, has simple structure, need not to maintain, no moving part, no medium is revealed etc. and is showing the advantage.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cell uses, especially, relate to fuel cell car waste heat power generation system, fuel cell car.
Background
The fuel cell can directly convert chemical energy stored in fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, is not limited by Carnot cycle, has conversion efficiency of more than 50 percent generally, and is considered as a preferred power generation technology in the 21 st century. When the fuel cell is operated, waste heat and waste heat equivalent to the amount of generated power are generated, and if this heat can be reused for power generation, the power generation efficiency and the fuel utilization rate can be further improved.
The working temperature of the fuel cell is about 65 ℃, the fuel cell belongs to low-grade waste heat, and the fuel cell automobile has no hot water requirement, and the added space is very tight, so that low-temperature semiconductor thermoelectric power generation can be adopted as a waste heat utilization technology. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation thermoelectric material can directly convert heat energy into electric energy, and has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, no need of maintenance, no moving parts, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, long service life, environmental friendliness and the like. With the development of thermoelectric materials, temperature difference semiconductor materials with higher optimum values will gradually appear, so that the low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell automobile is secondarily generated by utilizing the temperature difference power generation, and the utilization rate of energy can be effectively improved.
When the automobile runs on the road, the automobile can be stopped, started, accelerated, braked, climbed and the like at any time, so that the working state of the automobile fuel cell is discontinuous when the automobile fuel cell works, the released heat is discontinuous, the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the automobile fuel cell is not constant, and the temperature difference power generation efficiency is reduced.
It would be very significant if a technical scheme for generating power by utilizing the working waste heat of the fuel cell of the automobile to generate the temperature difference could be provided.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The invention of the utility model aims to: in order to solve the problems, the waste heat power generation system of the fuel cell automobile is provided.
The utility model discloses a technical scheme be like: the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system comprises a temperature difference power generation module, a DC-DC power module, a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat dissipation system, a three-way valve, a hydrogen supply system and an air supply system; the fuel cell heat dissipation system comprises a radiator and a cooling circulating water pump; the thermoelectric generation module comprises a hot surface, a cold surface, a thermoelectric generation sheet array arranged between the cold surface and the hot surface, a heat storage box fixed with the hot surface and radiating fins fixed with the cold surface, wherein the thermoelectric generation sheet array is provided with an output electrode, and the heat storage box is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the heat storage tank is made of a heat-conducting metal material, the phase-change material is filled in the heat storage tank, an unfilled vacuum space is reserved in the heat storage tank, a liquid pipeline is arranged in the heat storage tank, two ends of the pipeline are respectively used as an outlet of the heat storage tank and an inlet of the heat storage tank, and the pipeline is immersed in the phase-change material.
The fuel cell stack is provided with a cooling liquid outlet, a cooling liquid inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet.
The radiator is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet.
The connection relationship of each part is as follows:
a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with an outlet of the cooling circulating water pump, and a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with an inlet of a heat storage tank of the thermoelectric power generation module; the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected with an external hydrogen supply system; the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with an external air supply system.
An outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with an inlet of a three-way valve, one outlet of the three-way valve is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and the other outlet of the three-way valve and a cooling liquid outlet of the radiator are connected with an inlet of a cooling circulating water pump.
And the output electrode of the temperature difference power generation module is connected with the DC-DC power supply module. Furthermore, the thermoelectric generation piece of the thermoelectric generation piece array is a semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece.
Furthermore, the DC-DC power module is controlled by the CAN bus.
Further, the heat storage box is fixed on the hot surface through heat conduction silica gel, and/or the radiating fin is fixed on the cold surface through heat conduction silica gel.
Further, the cooling fins are arranged perpendicular to the cold face.
A fuel cell automobile comprises the fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system.
To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
the utility model designs a novel waste heat thermoelectric generation technical scheme, can be better be applicable to fuel cell battery, can be better utilize the battery waste heat to generate electricity. The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, and the lower the ambient temperature, the better the effect. The waste heat of the fuel cell is used for temperature difference power generation, the requirement of the fuel cell for heat dissipation is reduced, the temperature stability of the cooling liquid entering the fuel cell stack is improved, and the adaptability of the fuel cell automobile in cold regions is enhanced; and the quick cold start of the fuel cell automobile in a low-temperature environment is realized.
The utility model discloses simple structure, the design is exquisite, and need not to maintain, no moving part, no medium is revealed, and small, light in weight, removal convenience, long service life, environmental friendly etc. are showing the advantage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric power generation module.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an array of thermoelectric generation chips.
The labels in the figure are: 1: a thermoelectric generation module; 2: a fuel cell stack; 3: a hydrogen supply system; 4: an air supply system; 5: a fuel cell heat dissipation system; 6: an electricity-consuming device; 7: a DC-DC power supply module; 8: an energy storage battery; 11: a heat sink; 12: a thermoelectric generation sheet array; 13: a vacuum layer; 14: a phase change material; 15: a pipeline; 16: heat insulating material, 51: a three-way valve; 52: a heat sink; 53: and cooling the circulating water pump.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The utility model provides a fuel cell car waste heat power generation system, fuel cell car.
As shown in fig. 1, the system includes a thermoelectric generation module 1, a DC-DC power supply module 7, a fuel cell stack 2, a fuel cell heat dissipation system 5, and a three-way valve 51. The fuel cell heat dissipation system 5 includes a radiator 52 and a cooling circulation water pump 53. It should be understood that when the present system is applied to a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell stack 2 is the battery used by the vehicle.
As shown in fig. 2, the thermoelectric generation module 1 includes a hot side, a cold side, a thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 disposed between the cold side and the hot side, a heat storage tank fixed together with the hot side, and a heat sink 11 fixed together with the cold side, the thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 is provided with an output electrode, and the heat storage tank is provided with an inlet and an outlet.
The heat storage tank is made of a heat-conducting metal material, the phase-change material 14 is filled in the heat storage tank, a part of space is left unfilled, a pipeline 15 for liquid flowing is arranged in the heat storage tank, two ends of the pipeline 15 are respectively used as an outlet and an inlet of the heat storage tank, the pipeline 15 is immersed in the phase-change material 14, a passage with a spiral arrangement structure is preferred, and the pipeline 15 can be fully contacted with the phase-change material 14 through the spiral arrangement structure, so that the effectiveness and uniformity of heat exchange are guaranteed. The phase change heat storage is a technology for storing energy by utilizing the principle that the phase change material 14 absorbs or releases phase change latent heat in the processes of solidification/melting, condensation/gasification, desublimation/sublimation and other forms of phase changes, and has the characteristics of large heat storage capacity per unit mass (volume), small temperature fluctuation (the storage and heat release processes are approximately constant temperature), good chemical stability and safety and the like. The heat storage density is high, so that the heat storage device is suitable for heat energy buffering under the condition that heat supply is discontinuous or supply and demand are not coordinated, in addition, the heat absorption and heat release processes are approximately constant, and the temperature of a system can be controlled, so that the heat supply of a fuel cell and the hot end temperature of constant temperature difference power generation can be smoothed by using a phase change heat storage device, and the temperature difference power generation efficiency and the power generation stability are improved. In addition, the phase-change heat storage device can also accumulate the heat generated by the fuel cell for utilization when the temperature in the cell is low, so that the adaptability of the fuel cell in cold regions can be enhanced, the low-temperature cold start of the cell can be realized, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy sources is further improved.
The fuel cell stack 2 has a coolant outlet, a coolant inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, and a hydrogen outlet.
The radiator 52 is provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.
The connection relationship of each part of the system is as follows:
a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected with an outlet of the cooling circulation water pump 53, and a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected with an inlet of the heat storage tank of the thermoelectric power generation module 1. The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected with an external hydrogen supply system 3; the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with an external air supply system 4.
The outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with the inlet of a three-way valve 51, one outlet of the three-way valve 51 is connected with the inlet of the cooling liquid of the radiator 52, and the other outlet of the three-way valve 51 and the outlet of the cooling liquid of the radiator 52 are connected with the inlet of a cooling circulating water pump 53.
The output electrode of the thermoelectric generation module 1 is connected with a DC-DC power module 7.
Preferably, the fins 11 are arranged perpendicular to the cold side. The reason is because the utility model discloses be particularly useful for the car, the car top exposes in the environment is arranged in to the 1 cold sides of thermoelectric generation module, can strengthen the radiating effect when the vehicle goes, maintains the great difference in temperature of the cold and hot two sides of thermoelectric generation piece array 12.
Preferably, the heat storage tank is fixed on the hot side by heat conducting silica gel, and/or the heat sink 11 is fixed on the cold side by heat conducting silica gel. The heat-conducting silica gel is a high-end heat-conducting compound, has the characteristics of no solidification and no electric conduction, and can avoid risks such as circuit short circuit and the like.
Preferably, the heat dissipation circuit formed by the fuel cell stack 2, the thermoelectric generation module 1, the three-way valve 51, and the pipe 15 connecting them is encapsulated by the heat insulating material 16, so that heat loss of the heat dissipation circuit when the vehicle is stopped is reduced.
Further, the output end of the DC-DC power supply module 7 is connected with the energy storage battery 8 and/or the electric equipment 6. It should be noted that the energy storage battery 8 is not necessarily an intrinsic part of the system, and may or may not be a part of the system, and is within the protection scope of the present invention. The energy storage battery 8 can store the generated energy. The electricity-consuming equipment 6 can use the generated electric energy directly.
Preferably, the CAN bus is used to control the DC-DC power module 7 to output different voltage levels (e.g. 12V, 24V, 48V, etc.) and current values.
A detailed view of the thermoelectric generation sheet array 12 is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the semiconductor thermoelectric generation piece is used in the present embodiment. In each row or each column, the N-type semiconductors and the P-type semiconductors are alternately arranged, the semiconductors in the same row are connected in series, the semiconductors in each row are connected in series, the semiconductors at two ends are fixed with output electrodes, and other series-parallel connection forms can be selected according to actual conditions. The utility model discloses a semiconductor thermoelectric generation technique retrieves used heat. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation thermoelectric material can directly convert heat energy into electric energy, and has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, no need of maintenance, no moving parts, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, long service life, environmental friendliness and the like. The efficiency is higher when the temperature difference of the cold and hot surfaces of the thermoelectric power generation is larger. The thermoelectric generation piece is made of semiconductor thermoelectric materials and is provided with an electric energy output end. The output electric energy can be stored or used after being converted.
The working process of the system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the fuel cell works, and outputs cooling liquid to the heat storage tank, if the phase change material 14 works in a phase change state, the step two is carried out, and if the phase change material 14 completely changes phase and works in a sensible heat storage state, the step three is carried out;
step two: the three-way valve 51 is closed to connect the outlet of the radiator 52, the cooling liquid flows along the pipeline 15 in the heat storage tank, if the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than that of the phase-change material 14, the hot end heat storage tank absorbs heat, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, otherwise, if the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than that of the phase-change material 14, the hot end heat storage tank releases heat, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack 2 is kept;
step three: the three-way valve 51 is opened to connect the outlet of the radiator 52, the radiator 52 is started, the three-way valve 51 is closed to connect the outlet of the cooling circulating water pump 53, active heat dissipation is performed, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is adjusted.
Step four: the temperature difference is generated at the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric generation piece array 12, and the thermoelectric generation piece array 12 outputs electric energy to the DC-DC power module 7.
The method also comprises the step that the DC-DC power supply module 7 outputs electric energy to the energy storage battery 8 and/or the electric equipment 6.
Further, the method also comprises the steps that the fuel cell stops working, the heat storage tank releases heat, the three-way valve 51 is closed to be connected with the outlet of the radiator 52, the other outlet is opened, and the cooling circulating water pump 53 works at a low speed (low power consumption mode) to keep the temperature of the fuel cell stack 2.
Further, the method also comprises the step of controlling the three-way valve 51 to open an outlet connected with the radiator 52, close the other outlet, release heat through the hot end heat storage tank, and preheat the system, thereby realizing the quick cold start of the fuel cell. This step is particularly useful for system warm-up at vehicle start-up.
The utility model discloses still disclose a fuel cell car, contain above-mentioned fuel cell car waste heat power generation system, fuel cell pile 2 is the inherent battery of car, and the preferred salient in roof of fin 11 sets up to the maximum possible increase difference in temperature improves the generating efficiency.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system is characterized by comprising a temperature difference power generation module, a DC-DC power module, a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell heat dissipation system, a three-way valve, a hydrogen supply system and an air supply system; the fuel cell heat dissipation system comprises a radiator and a cooling circulating water pump; the thermoelectric generation module comprises a hot surface, a cold surface, a thermoelectric generation sheet array arranged between the cold surface and the hot surface, a heat storage box fixed with the hot surface and radiating fins fixed with the cold surface, wherein the thermoelectric generation sheet array is provided with an output electrode, and the heat storage box is provided with an inlet and an outlet; the heat storage tank is made of a heat-conducting metal material, phase-change materials are filled in the heat storage tank, an unfilled vacuum space is reserved in the heat storage tank, a liquid pipeline is arranged in the heat storage tank, two ends of the pipeline are respectively used as an outlet of the heat storage tank and an inlet of the heat storage tank, and the pipeline is immersed in the phase-change materials;
the fuel cell stack is provided with a cooling liquid outlet, a cooling liquid inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet;
the radiator is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet;
the connection relationship of each part is as follows:
a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with an outlet of the cooling circulating water pump, and a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with an inlet of a heat storage tank of the thermoelectric power generation module; the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected with an external hydrogen supply system; the air inlet and the air outlet are connected with an external air supply system;
an outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with an inlet of a three-way valve, one outlet of the three-way valve is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the radiator, and the other outlet of the three-way valve and a cooling liquid outlet of the radiator are connected with an inlet of a cooling circulating water pump;
and the output electrode of the temperature difference power generation module is connected with the DC-DC power supply module.
2. The fuel cell vehicle waste heat power generation system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation elements of the thermoelectric generation element array are semiconductor thermoelectric generation elements.
3. The fuel cell vehicle waste heat power generation system of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC power module is controlled using a CAN bus.
4. The fuel cell vehicle waste heat power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage tank is fixed to a hot surface by a heat conductive silicone, and/or the heat radiating fin is fixed to a cold surface by a heat conductive silicone.
5. The fuel cell vehicle waste heat power generation system of claim 1, wherein the heat sink is disposed perpendicular to the cold side.
6. A fuel cell vehicle characterized by comprising the fuel cell vehicle waste heat power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921414503.8U CN210092226U (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system and fuel cell automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921414503.8U CN210092226U (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system and fuel cell automobile |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110492135A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Fuel cell car afterheat generating system and its working method, fuel cell car |
| CN113300635A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-24 | 湖北工业大学 | Thermoelectric power generation system of fuel cell passenger car |
| CN113978250A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-28 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted heat management system and vehicle |
-
2019
- 2019-08-28 CN CN201921414503.8U patent/CN210092226U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110492135A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Fuel cell car afterheat generating system and its working method, fuel cell car |
| CN110492135B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2023-08-22 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Fuel cell automobile waste heat power generation system, working method thereof and fuel cell automobile |
| CN113300635A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-24 | 湖北工业大学 | Thermoelectric power generation system of fuel cell passenger car |
| CN113978250A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-28 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted heat management system and vehicle |
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