CN210090454U

CN210090454U - Karst region earth surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device

Info

Publication number: CN210090454U
Application number: CN201920576716.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊康宁; 罗鼎; 景建生; 朱珍珍; 李渊; 李�瑞
Original assignee: Guizhou Education University
Current assignee: Guizhou Education University
Priority date: 2019-04-25
Filing date: 2019-04-25
Publication date: 2020-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-25

Abstract

The utility model discloses a karst area earth's surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring devices, it has one deck earth's surface soil horizon including the rock stratum that has a plurality of fissures of slope on the rock stratum surface, is equipped with a plurality of square soil monitoring layers in the centre on earth's surface soil horizon, has the ditch of block of square frame shape between soil monitoring layer and the earth's surface soil horizon, and it has the plant to plant on the surface on soil monitoring layer, has inserted a plurality of monitoring pipe fittings on the lateral wall on soil monitoring layer. The condition of underground loss in the karst region can be monitored, and the total amount of surface underground loss, namely the total water and soil loss in a specific region of the karst region, can be calculated more accurately; meanwhile, the typical characteristics of water and soil loss on the earth surface and underground in the karst region are calculated according to different rainfall intensities, and the method has great significance for researching the water and soil loss in the karst region.

Description

Karst region earth surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a monitoring of earth's surface underground soil especially relates to a three-dimensional soil loss monitoring devices in karst area earth's surface underground belongs to soil monitoring facilities technical field.

Background

Water and soil loss in karst regions is a serious ecological environment problem, and local residents and a large number of scientific research workers have long been dedicated to research the water and soil loss in karst regions. However, due to the development complexity of the landform structure of the karst region, the binary structure characteristics of the ground surface and the underground are typical, the research on the water and soil loss of the karst region for a long time focuses on the water and soil loss monitoring of the ground surface, the research content on the underground water and soil loss is insufficient, and the water and soil loss condition of the binary structure characteristics of the ground surface and the underground cannot be completely reflected. In the aspect of monitoring methods and monitoring technical tools, no completely feasible monitoring means for underground leakage in karst regions exists. The water and soil loss in the karst region needs to consider two factors of the earth surface and the underground at the same time, so how to monitor the water and soil loss condition of the earth surface and the underground binary structure and accurately reflect the characteristics of the water and soil loss in the karst region is always a problem considered by water and soil loss researchers in the karst region.

Disclosure of Invention

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is: the utility model provides a karst area earth's surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring devices sets up the soil monitoring layer through the earth surface at the slope, establishes the block ditch and collecting pit in the outside on soil monitoring layer again, establishes the monitoring pipe fitting in soil monitoring layer inside, can collect moisture content and soil promptly and carry out the analysis, has solved the problem of above-mentioned existence.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that: the utility model provides a karst area earth's surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring devices, it has the one deck earth's surface soil horizon including the rock stratum that has a plurality of fissures of slope on the rock stratum surface, is equipped with a plurality of square soil monitoring layers in the centre on earth's surface soil horizon, has the block ditch of square frame shape between soil monitoring layer and the earth's surface soil horizon, has planted the plant on the surface on soil monitoring layer, has inserted a plurality of monitoring pipe fittings on the lateral wall on soil monitoring layer.

The width of hindering the ditch is not less than 80cm, degree of depth more than or equal to more than 30cm, so that can place the monitoring pipe, the degree of depth upper limit should be according to soil thickness, rock property and can realize monitoring and confirm, be equipped with annular boss in the middle of the bottom of hindering the ditch, be annular collection ditch between boss and soil monitoring layer, be annular escape canal between boss and the earth's surface soil horizon, be equipped with the collecting pit with collecting the ditch intercommunication at the low side of collecting the ditch, the outside that is equipped with at the low side of escape canal and communicates with the escape canal is drawn forth the mouth, keep apart through the boss between collecting pit and the escape canal.

The depth of the collecting ditch and the drainage ditch is 10cm, and the width of the collecting ditch and the drainage ditch is 10 cm. The collection grooves and the drainage ditches can be determined according to the area of the soil monitoring layer and the water inflow amount of the soil layer on the earth surface, the collection capacity of the collection grooves is larger than the water catchment capacity of the soil monitoring layer, and the collection grooves are generally enough for the soil monitoring layer with the square meter of 2 and the thickness of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm.

The monitoring pipe fitting is tubular structure, and the diameter is 5 ~ 12cm, and the top of monitoring pipe fitting is the oblique cone pipe end, and the other end is the blind end, all is equipped with a plurality of collection holes on the inclined plane of oblique cone pipe end and on the first half section lateral wall of monitoring pipe fitting, and the distribution density of monitoring pipe fitting is 8 ~ 50% and evenly distributed of soil monitoring layer surface area.

The diameter of the collecting hole is 5-8 mm.

The utility model has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model can monitor the underground leakage condition of the karst region and calculate the total amount of the underground loss of the earth surface more accurately, namely the total water and soil loss amount in the specific region of the karst region; meanwhile, the typical characteristics of water and soil loss on the earth surface and underground in the karst region are calculated according to different rainfall intensities, and the method has great significance for researching the water and soil loss in the karst region.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the present invention B;

fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view and a first top view of the monitoring pipe of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view and a top view of the monitoring pipe of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1: as shown in attached figures 1-5, the karst region ground surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device comprises an inclined rock stratum 1 with a plurality of cracks, a ground surface soil layer 4 is arranged on the surface of the rock stratum 1, a plurality of square soil monitoring layers 2 are arranged in the middle of the ground surface soil layer 4, square blocking grooves 3 are formed between the soil monitoring layers 2 and the ground surface soil layer 4, plants are planted on the surfaces of the soil monitoring layers 2, and a plurality of monitoring pipe fittings 6 are inserted into the side walls of the soil monitoring layers 2.

Further, block the width of ditch 3 and be not less than 80cm, the degree of depth is more than or equal to 30cm to can place monitoring tube 6, the degree of depth upper limit should be confirmed according to soil thickness, rock property and can monitor, be equipped with annular boss 5 in the middle of blocking the bottom of ditch 3, be annular collection ditch 8 between boss 5 and soil monitoring layer 2, be annular escape canal 7 between boss 5 and earth's surface soil horizon 4, be equipped with the collecting pit 9 with collecting ditch 8 intercommunication in the lower extreme of collecting ditch 8, the outside that is equipped with and communicates with escape canal 7 at the lower extreme of escape canal 7 comes the water outlet 10, keep apart through boss 5 between collecting pit 9 and the escape canal 7.

Further, the depth of each of the collection trench 8 and the drainage trench 7 is 10cm, and the width thereof is 10 cm. The collection ditch 8 and the drainage ditch 7 can be determined according to the area of the soil monitoring layer 2 and the water inflow amount of the surface soil layer 4, the collection capacity of the collection ditch 8 is larger than the water catchment capacity of the soil monitoring layer 2, and the collection ditch is generally enough for the soil monitoring layer of 2 square meters with the thickness of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm.

Further, the monitoring pipe fitting 6 is of a tubular structure, the diameter of the monitoring pipe fitting is 5-12 cm, the top end of the monitoring pipe fitting 6 is an oblique cone pipe end 63, the other end of the monitoring pipe fitting is a closed end 61, a plurality of collecting holes 62 are formed in the inclined plane of the oblique cone pipe end 63 and the upper half section of the side wall of the monitoring pipe fitting 6, and the distribution density of the monitoring pipe fitting 6 is 8-50% of the surface area of the soil monitoring layer 2 and is distributed uniformly.

Further, the diameter of the collecting hole 62 is 5-8 mm.

A using method of a karst region ground surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device comprises the following steps:

selecting land blocks with roughly flat ground along the slope direction on the slope, continuously arranging more than two rectangular land blocks, namely soil monitoring layers 2, wherein the area of each land block is 1m2, each land block can be square or rectangular, if the land blocks are rectangular, the long sides extend along the slope direction, and the short sides extend along the contour line;

secondly, cutting down a groove with the width not less than 80cm, namely a blocking groove 3, in the four circumferential directions of the selected land block, wherein the side wall of the groove is smooth, and after the groove is cut, the land block is independent of the peripheral land, namely a ground surface soil layer 4;

thirdly, the undercut depth of the groove is determined according to the thickness of the local soil layer and the rock, and the bottom surface of the groove reaches below the rock-soil interface;

fourthly, a collection ditch 8 with the depth of 10cm is dug on one side of the bottom surface of the groove, namely the blocking ditch 3, close to the soil monitoring layer 2 and is used for collecting the incoming water and the soil on the soil monitoring layer 2; a drainage ditch 7 is also deeply cut on the outer side of the bottom surface of the blocking ditch 3 and is used for blocking the influence of peripheral moisture and soil on the moisture and soil collection of the soil monitoring layer 2, so that a convex structure is formed at the bottom of the blocking ditch 3;

planting plants on the ground surface of the soil monitoring layer 2, wherein the plants can be arranged at different line intervals according to different experimental purposes;

sixthly, inserting a plurality of monitoring pipe fittings 6 into the soil of the soil monitoring layer 2 according to the excavation depth of the blocking trench 3, and collecting the water and soil (silt) which are lost downwards in the soil monitoring layer 2;

seventhly, the collecting ditch 8 is used for collecting moisture and soil on the surface of the soil monitoring layer 2 and flowing out of the peripheral vertical surface;

designing monitoring time according to the number of raining, monitoring once after each rain, monitoring and collecting the water and soil in the monitoring pipe fitting 6 and the water and soil in the collecting pool 9 each time, recording the total amount of each part after collection, sampling and bringing back to a laboratory;

ninthly, completing the detection of moisture and soil nutrient indexes in a laboratory; and (4) drying to obtain the sediment content of the soil sample, and calculating the total loss amount of each time according to the sampling proportion.

The parts of the present invention not described in detail are the known techniques of those skilled in the art. Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified or replaced by other means without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which should be construed as limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a karst area earth's surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring devices which characterized in that: it has one deck earth's surface soil horizon (4) including the rock stratum (1) that has a plurality of fissures of slope, is equipped with a plurality of square soil monitoring layers (2) in the centre of earth's surface soil horizon (4) on the surface, has block ditch (3) of square frame shape between soil monitoring layer (2) and earth's surface soil horizon (4), has planted the plant on the surface on soil monitoring layer (2), has inserted a plurality of monitoring pipe fittings (6) on the lateral wall on soil monitoring layer (2).

2. The karst region surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of hindering ditch (3) is not less than 80cm, be equipped with annular boss (5) in the middle of the bottom of hindering ditch (3), be annular collection ditch (8) between boss (5) and soil monitoring layer (2), be annular escape canal (7) between boss (5) and earth's surface soil horizon (4), be equipped with at the low side of collecting ditch (8) and collect collecting pit (9) of ditch (8) intercommunication, the outside that is equipped with at the low side of escape canal (7) and escape canal (7) intercommunication is come water and is drawn forth mouth (10), keep apart through boss (5) between collecting pit (9) and escape canal (7).

3. The karst region surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the depth of the collecting ditch (8) and the depth of the drainage ditch (7) are both 10cm, and the width of the collecting ditch is 10 cm.

4. The karst region surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: monitoring pipe fitting (6) are the tubular structure, and the diameter is 5 ~ 12cm, and the top of monitoring pipe fitting (6) is oblique cone pipe end (63), and the other end is blind end (61), all is equipped with a plurality of collection holes (62) on the inclined plane of oblique cone pipe end (63) and on the first section lateral wall of monitoring pipe fitting (6), and the distribution density of monitoring pipe fitting (6) is 8 ~ 50% and the evenly distributed of soil monitoring layer (2) surface area.

5. The karst region surface underground three-dimensional soil loss monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the collecting hole (62) is 5-8 mm.