CN209821090U - Surface micro scratch detector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small mar detector in surface, include: a base, a slide block moving device, an eccentric wheel transmission mechanism, a grating ruler reading head moving device and a gear rotating mechanism which are arranged in the shell. Wherein: after the endoscope lens is used for roughly positioning the scratch position, the sensor probe is aligned to one side of the scratch, and the rough positioning of the scratch is completed. After coarse positioning is completed, the eccentric wheel mechanism is adopted to drive the sliding block moving device to stride across the scratch position, the height difference in the process is obtained, and extraction of the depth information of the scratch is completed. The width information is obtained by two greatly reduced points of displacement at the beginning and the end of the process, and the distance between the two points is obtained as the width information. The eccentric wheel transmission mechanism and the grating ruler reading head moving device are adopted, so that the measuring position of the sensor probe can be accurately controlled, and the repeated positioning precision is improved.

Description

A surface micro-scratch detector

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of machine vision, and relates to a surface micro-scratch detector and a detection method.

Background technique

Machine vision is a comprehensive technology that integrates digital image processing, machinery, control, optics, computer and other technologies. Machine vision systems can realize non-contact detection of targets, can quickly acquire a large amount of information, and are easy to process automatically. Therefore, machine vision technology has attracted people's attention as an important detection technology, and has been more and more widely used in the detection field.

At present, the measurement of surface scratches on shaft parts still relies on manual traditional detection. According to on-site feedback, the traditional detection method is that inspectors only rely on fingers to touch the scratch position for depth and width detection. Inspectors are easily affected by the on-site environment, resulting in large errors in scratch measurement results and low measurement accuracy, and there are also inspectors with high labor intensity and low work efficiency. In the detection of scratches on the surface of the axle, the information of the depth and width of the scratch is particularly important. The axle mainly needs to be assembled with train parts, such as wheel discs, gearboxes, brake discs and other components. When the scratch depth is too large, the injected The lubricating oil will leak during the operation of the train, which will easily cause the decline of the service life of the high-speed train.

With the development of optical technology and electronic computer technology, non-contact scratch detection devices and methods for shaft parts are also being continuously improved. The lens detection method based on CCD imaging principle, which is applied in the industry to measure scratches, its measurement accuracy is limited by the accuracy of the camera, and it cannot detect the depth characteristics of scratches, and it also has the disadvantage of insufficient scratch measurement accuracy.

Utility model content

In view of the problem that it is difficult to detect the depth and width of scratches on the surface of the axle in the prior art, the utility model proposes a surface micro-scratch detector, including:

The base, the slider moving device, the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism, the grating ruler reading head moving device and the gear rotation mechanism are arranged inside the housing;

The base is installed on the gear rotation mechanism; the slider moving device is installed on the base;

There is a through hole between the gear rotation mechanism, the base and the slider moving device, and the through hole forms a detection window;

In the through hole of the gear rotation mechanism, an endoscope lens is arranged;

The slider moving device is equipped with a probe clamping plastic block around the through hole, and the probe clamps the plastic block to support the sensor probe; the sensor probe passes through the detection window to detect the shaft to be measured;

An eccentric wheel transmission mechanism is installed on one side of the slider moving device for driving the slider moving device to move;

The grating ruler reading head moving device is installed on the other side of the slider moving device, and is adjacent to the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism, and is used to read the displacement distance of the slider moving device;

The outer side of the housing is provided with a hand handle and a carrying handle through bolt connection.

In one embodiment, the slider moving device includes: a metal slider, a cylindrical shaft and a linear ball bearing;

The linear ball bearing is sleeved on the cylindrical shaft, and installed on the base through the metal slider;

There is a detection through hole on the metal slider; the probe clamping plastic block is installed around the through hole above the metal slider;

The eccentric wheel transmission mechanism drives the metal slider to move axially on the cylindrical shaft.

In one embodiment, the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism includes: a servo motor, a motor support seat, an eccentric wheel, a rolling bearing and a movable base;

The motor support base is installed on the base, and the servo motor is installed on the motor support base;

The rolling bearing is sleeved on the eccentric wheel and installed on the movable base;

The movable base is connected with the probe clamping plastic block;

The servo motor shaft is connected with the flat key of the eccentric wheel.

In one embodiment, a spring is installed between the base and the metal slider;

One end of the spring is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the metal slider.

In one embodiment, the grating ruler reading head moving device includes a grating ruler reading head and a grating ruler;

The grating ruler reading head is installed on one side of the metal slider;

The position of the base corresponding to the reading head of the grating ruler is provided with a grating ruler groove, and a grating ruler is built into the grating ruler groove.

In one embodiment, it also includes: a controller; the controller is connected with the servo motor and the grating ruler, and is used to send control instructions to the servo motor, obtain the displacement parameters of the grating ruler, and calculate the depth and width of the scratch position .

In one embodiment, an electronic screen is provided on the front surface of the housing;

The electronic screen is connected with a camera, and the camera is obliquely inserted into one side of the through hole of the gear rotation mechanism device;

The electronic screen is connected with the controller.

In one embodiment, the sensor probe is a spectral confocal sensor or a laser sensor.

The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the utility model at least include:

The surface micro-scratch detector provided by the embodiment of the utility model uses the endoscope lens to roughly locate the scratch position, and then aligns the sensor probe to one side of the scratch to complete the rough positioning of the scratch. After the rough positioning is completed, the eccentric wheel mechanism is used to drive the slider moving device to cross the scratch position, and the height difference in this process is obtained to complete the extraction of the depth information of the scratch. The acquisition of width information depends on the two points of sharp drop in displacement at the beginning and end of the process, and the distance between these two points is obtained as width information. The eccentric wheel transmission mechanism and the moving device of the grating ruler reading head can ensure accurate control of the measurement position of the sensor probe and improve the repeatability of positioning accuracy. The setting of the hand handle and hand handle is convenient for stable operation.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or can be learned by practicing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the utility model will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

The technical solutions of the present utility model will be further described in detail through the drawings and embodiments below.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model, and constitute a part of the description, and are used to explain the utility model together with the embodiments of the utility model, and do not constitute a limitation to the utility model.

In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 provides the internal layout diagram of the detector housing for the embodiment of the utility model;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and detection of the surface micro-scratch detector provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the gear rotation mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the axonometric view of the detector base and other devices provided for the embodiment of the present invention;

In the drawings: 1-base, 2-slider moving device, 3-eccentric wheel transmission mechanism, 4-grating ruler reading head moving device, 5-gear rotation mechanism, 21-metal slider, 22-cylindrical shaft, 23 -Probe clamping plastic block, 24-sensor probe, 25-spring, 26-support handle, 27-handle handle, 28-controller, 29-electronic screen, 31-servo motor, 32-motor support seat, 33- Eccentric wheel, 34-rolling bearing, 35-movable base, 41-grating ruler reading head, 42-grating ruler, 51-axis contact stabilizer, 52-gear locking mechanism, 521-gear breaker.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided for more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Referring to Figures 1-2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a micro-scratch detector on the surface, including:

The base 1 inside the housing, the slider moving device 2 , the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism 3 , the grating ruler reading head moving device 4 and the gear rotation mechanism 5 .

A slider moving device 2 is installed on the base 1, a grating ruler reading head moving device 4 is installed on the rear side of the slider moving device 2, and an eccentric gear transmission mechanism 3 is installed on the right side of the plastic block above the slider moving device 2. When roughly locating transverse scratches, turning the gear rotation mechanism 5 can make the probe detect transverse scratches. In order to facilitate operation, as shown in Figure 1, a support handle 26 and a carrying handle 27 are provided outside the detector housing, which is convenient for the operator to hold the device stably.

The above components will be described in detail below.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the gear rotation mechanism includes: a shaft contact stabilizer 51 and a gear locking mechanism 52 . The gear locking mechanism 52 is provided with a gear arm 521; when it is necessary to detect scratches in the lateral direction, the gear arm 521 is moved to unlock the shaft contact stabilizer 51, making it a movable mechanism, and it can be moved to and from the scratch. In the same direction as the mark position, move the gear arm 521 again to lock the shaft contact stabilizer 51. The shaft contact stabilizer 51 is in direct contact with the surface of the shaft to be measured. A through hole can be processed in the middle of the bracket as a detection window, wherein the gear locking mechanism 52 is ring-shaped, and the middle is a through hole; it can be used by the detector to detect the scratch depth in the lateral position and lock the shaft contact stabilizer 51 . It is guaranteed that the detector will not move during the detection process to achieve accurate measurement.

Wherein the endoscope lens 53 is arranged in the through hole of the gear locking mechanism 52 .

As shown in Figure 4, the above-mentioned slider moving device 2 includes: a metal slider 21, a cylindrical shaft 22, and a linear ball bearing (not shown). On the base 1 , a metal slider 21 is supported on a parallel cylindrical axis 22 . According to the size of the metal slider 21 and the diameter of the cylindrical shaft 22 , two parallel cylindrical shafts 22 may preferably be provided. A probe holder plastic block 23 can be bolted above the metal slider 21 to place a sensor probe 24 . The two parallel cylindrical shafts 22 are equipped with linear bearings, which have small frictional resistance and can ensure high precision and smooth linear motion.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 , the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism 3 includes: a servo motor 31 , a motor support base 32 , an eccentric wheel 33 , a rolling bearing 34 and a movable base 35 .

Servomotor support base 32 is connected with base bolts, movable base 35 is connected with plastic block 23 bolts above metal slide block 21, rolling bearing 34 is enclosed within on the eccentric wheel 33; Servomotor 31 axles are connected with eccentric wheel 33 flat keys.

Further, as shown in Figure 4, grating ruler reading head moving device 4, comprises grating ruler reading head 41 and grating ruler 42; One side of metal slider 21 installs grating ruler reading head 41; Corresponding to grating ruler reading head 41 The base 1 is provided with a grating ruler groove, and a grating ruler 42 is built into the grating ruler groove.

The moving device 4 of the grating ruler reading head is bolted to the plastic block 23 above the slider, and the corresponding grating ruler 42 is bolted to the base 1 to form a closed-loop control system, which is responsible for precisely controlling the measurement position of the sensor probe 24 and improving the reliability of the system. Repeatability;

The detector can move laterally under the action of the gear rotating mechanism 5 to detect scratches in the longitudinal direction. When the scratch direction is the horizontal direction, the movable gear rotation mechanism 5 can make the detector move longitudinally to detect the scratches in the horizontal direction.

In order to facilitate the elimination of the gap produced by the bearing during the movement and ensure the quality of the movement, as shown in Figure 1, a spring 25 can preferably be installed between the base 1 and the metal slider 21; one end of the spring 25 is connected to the base 1 The other end is connected with the metal slider 21.

Further, the detector also includes a controller 28; the controller 28 is connected with the servo motor 31 and the grating ruler, and is used to send control instructions to the servo motor 31, obtain the displacement parameters of the grating ruler 42, and calculate the depth and width of the scratch position .

A control system composed of a controller, the control system specifically uses a PMAC motion control card to control the movement of the servo motor, and forms a closed-loop control system with a grating ruler displacement feedback device for precisely controlling the movement of the slider. The multi-function controller sends instructions to the PMAC control card, which then sends a signal to the servo driver. The servo driver controls the servo motor to move the slider device. The moving distance is measured by the grating ruler and fed back to the PMAC motion control card, and then the control card Calculate the compensation amount to control the precise position of the mobile platform. Guarantee the high repeat positioning accuracy of the system.

Further, as shown in Figure 1, the front surface of the above-mentioned housing is provided with an electronic screen 29; the electronic screen 29 is connected to a camera, and the camera is obliquely inserted into one side of the through hole of the gear rotation mechanism device 5; the electronic screen 29 is connected to the controller 28 .

In addition, the rear side of the probe clamping plastic block 23 is connected to the grating ruler reading head moving device 4, which is slightly attached to the grating ruler 42, and the grating ruler 42 is attached to the rigid metal wall behind the base.

When the slider moves, it drives the reading head to move on the grating scale. The reading head records the displacement at this time, compares it with the displacement generated by the servo motor, calculates the compensation amount, and then sends instructions to the controller. Ensure accurate control of the measurement position of the spectral confocal sensor and improve the repeatability of the system.

The specific detection process is as follows:

① The endoscope roughly locates the scratch position to complete the rough positioning;

②Move the scratch detector to the scratch side for detection;

③The slider moving device passes along the scratch and returns to the initial position to complete the detection;

④The data processing system processes data, defines the initial data drop point and end drop point in this process as width information, defines the maximum displacement in this process as depth information, and outputs and prints the results.

Specific embodiment one

This embodiment is an embodiment of a micro-scratch detector on the surface. An oval groove is machined under the base as a detection window. The gear rotation mechanism is connected with the bottom of the base by bolts, and an endoscope lens is set on one side of it, which can roughly locate the scratch position, so that the detector can locate the scratch position. A sliding block moving device is installed inside the base, and an elliptical through hole is processed on the upper surface of the sliding block, and a through-hole plastic block is screwed on it. The probe is placed vertically in the plastic block, and the laser emitted by the probe can face the axis to be measured through the through hole. A pair of parallel through holes are processed in the side of the slide block, and linear bearings are arranged in them, and the cylindrical shaft passes through the linear bearings and is fixed on both sides of the base. An eccentric wheel transmission mechanism is installed on the right side of the slide block, and the power source is a servo motor. The motor shaft of the motor is connected with the eccentric wheel through a key. The eccentric wheel and rolling bearing are fixed on the sliding platform on the left side of the slider. When the servo motor rotates, the eccentric wheel drives the rolling bearing to apply a thrust to the movable sliding platform. The rear side of the slider is bolted to the grating reading head, and the rear side of the base is processed with a grating scale groove for placing the grating scale. There is a multi-functional controller fixed at the rear of the housing, and an encoder output port is set on it, which can be connected with the rotating motor and the grating scale to form a closed-loop control system to generate a stable reciprocating linear motion mode.

Specific embodiment two

When the endoscope lens is positioned at the scratch in the horizontal position, after turning the gear to rotate the wrench, the detector can detect the scratch depth in the horizontal position.

The above-mentioned sensor probe can be a spectral confocal sensor or a laser sensor.

Considering the cost performance and accuracy requirements of the detection device, a spectral confocal lens sensor can be selected to measure the depth and width of scratches. The detection is quickly completed online in a non-contact manner, which improves the speed of scratch depth measurement, ensures the validity of the detection data, and solves the efficiency and accuracy problems caused by the current manual detection.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the utility model fall within the scope of the claims of the utility model and equivalent technologies thereof, the utility model is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A surface micro-scratch detector, characterized in that, comprising: a base arranged inside the housing, a slider moving device, an eccentric wheel transmission mechanism, a grating ruler reading head moving device and a gear rotation mechanism; The base is installed on the gear rotation mechanism; the slider moving device is installed on the base; There is a through hole between the gear rotation mechanism, the base and the slider moving device, and the through hole forms a detection window; In the through hole of the gear rotation mechanism, an endoscope lens is arranged; The slider moving device is equipped with a probe clamping plastic block around the through hole, and the probe clamps the plastic block to support the sensor probe; the sensor probe passes through the detection window to detect the shaft to be measured; An eccentric wheel transmission mechanism is installed on one side of the slider moving device for driving the slider moving device to move; The grating ruler reading head moving device is installed on the other side of the slider moving device, and is adjacent to the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism, and is used to read the displacement distance of the slider moving device; The outer side of the housing is provided with a hand handle and a carrying handle through bolt connection. 2. A surface micro-scratch detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the eccentric wheel transmission mechanism comprises: a servo motor, a motor support seat, an eccentric wheel, a rolling bearing and a movable base; The motor support base is installed on the base, and the servo motor is installed on the motor support base; The rolling bearing is sleeved on the eccentric wheel and installed on the movable base; The movable base is connected with the probe clamping plastic block; The servo motor shaft is connected with the flat key of the eccentric wheel. 3. A surface micro-scratch detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said slider moving device comprises: a metal slider, a cylindrical shaft and a linear ball bearing; The linear ball bearing is sleeved on the cylindrical shaft, and installed on the base through the metal slider; There is a detection through hole on the metal slider; the probe clamping plastic block is installed around the through hole above the metal slider; The eccentric wheel transmission mechanism drives the metal slider to move axially on the cylindrical shaft. 4. A surface micro-scratch detector as claimed in claim 3, wherein a spring is installed between the base and the metal slider; One end of the spring is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the metal slider. 5. A surface micro-scratch detector as claimed in claim 3, wherein said grating ruler reading head moving device comprises a grating ruler reading head and a grating ruler; The grating ruler reading head is installed on one side of the metal slider; The position of the base corresponding to the reading head of the grating ruler is provided with a grating ruler groove, and a grating ruler is built into the grating ruler groove. 6. A surface micro-scratch detector as claimed in claim 5, further comprising: a controller; the controller is connected with the servo motor and the grating ruler, and is used to send control instructions to the servo motor , Obtain the displacement parameters of the grating ruler and calculate the depth and width of the scratch position. 7. A surface micro-scratch detector as claimed in claim 6, wherein an electronic screen is arranged on the front surface of the housing; The electronic screen is connected with a camera, and the camera is obliquely inserted into one side of the through hole of the gear rotation mechanism device; The electronic screen is connected with the controller. 8. A surface micro-scratch detector according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the sensor probe is a spectral confocal sensor or a laser sensor.