CN107084673B - Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107084673B CN107084673B CN201710467472.1A CN201710467472A CN107084673B CN 107084673 B CN107084673 B CN 107084673B CN 201710467472 A CN201710467472 A CN 201710467472A CN 107084673 B CN107084673 B CN 107084673B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- brake disc
- laser displacement
- platform
- positioning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring and detecting the outer diameter and the inner diameter of a bullet train wheel, wherein the device system mainly comprises a wheel vertical detection platform, a horizontal detection platform, a fine reference supporting device, a coarse reference supporting device, a conveying platform and a rotary driving platform device, four laser displacement sensors, namely a laser displacement sensor A, B arranged at the tail end IV of a crescent plate and a laser displacement sensor C, D arranged on a wheel vertical detection platform III are horizontally moved for one △ L and △ X along the radial direction of the bullet train wheel respectively, scanning measured values of each unit length of the four laser displacement sensors are stored in an acquisition card, then the maximum value of the measured data of each laser displacement sensor is selected, the maximum value data and calibration data are compared to calculate the values of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the wheel, then the wheel rotary driving device is rotated for a certain angle, the operation is carried out, and after the measurement is carried out for three times, the average value is taken as the measured value of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring and detecting the outer diameter and the inner diameter of a bullet train wheel, in particular to an online detection system, belonging to the field of machine vision
Background
With the development of railway industry in China, the running speed of a motor car is continuously improved, and although convenience is brought to people for going out, great challenges are brought to safe operation of railways. The wheels are used as key parts in the process of moving the motor train, are in direct contact with the rails and directly determine the safety and the quality of the running of the vehicle. The wheel is used for running and steering of the vehicle on the rail, and the key size of the outer diameter of the wheel is directly related to the safety of the motor train. The rapid development of railway acceleration and the high-density running of vehicles accelerate the abrasion speed of wheels. Thus placing higher demands on the quality of the wheel manufacture.
At present, the modes of roller method measurement, outside micrometer measurement, pneumatic method, laser measurement and the like are mostly adopted for detecting the wheels of the motor car at home and abroad, but due to the shape of the wheels and the limitation on the measurement position, the measurement of the outside diameter of the wheels is carried out by off-line measurement through a special outside diameter ruler of the wheels, the measurement precision can not be ensured, the requirement of continuous production can not be met, and the labor intensity of workers is also very high. The roller method has the problem of slippage, and although the pneumatic method, the laser method and the like can achieve high accuracy, the methods are difficult to implement, large in maintenance workload and high in cost, and are difficult to popularize and apply in production practice.
For example, 10021841 (2011) 01009503 (a novel multi-direction inner diameter dimension measurement method), in the measurement of the large-size inner diameter, because the relation between the circle center positioning accuracy and the inner diameter fitting accuracy is close, the rationality of the measurement is ensured by improving the circle center positioning accuracy, and the inner diameter measurement accuracy is improved; therefore, the accuracy of positioning the center of the circle of the mechanism is particularly required. And the rotation measurement is often required to be carried out on the middle shaft, and the generated vibration has a non-negligible effect on the whole measurement process and has adverse influence on the measurement precision.
At present, a camera in a laser image measuring device is often used to capture an image of the outer diameter of a traveling wheel, so as to directly obtain a contour curve reflecting the outer diameter of the wheel of a vehicle and measure the outer diameter dimension parameter and the outer diameter curve of the wheel. For example, in chinese patent CN1899904A (method and apparatus for detecting the size of a motor car wheel pair on line), four PSD-based laser displacement sensors are used to obtain the distance from the end face of the wheel to a laser detector, and then the wheel rim thickness, the wheel rim height, and the wheel diameter are calculated. Because the requirement on the installation angle is strict and the sensor is expensive, the method is not beneficial to popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problems, the invention aims to provide an online detection system for the outer diameter and the inner diameter of a wheel of a motor car, which adopts a 2-time positioning mode that the inner side surface of the wheel rim and the side surface of a brake disc are used as rough references, and the inner hole surfaces of the wheel and the brake disc are used as fine references; after the fine positioning is finished, the self weights of the positioning arm and the wheels are respectively relied on to ensure that the measuring range and the wheel position deviation do not occur in the wheel rotation measuring process; through the motion of the horizontal detection platform, two laser displacement sensors on the same straight line are used for scanning to obtain the maximum diameter point, and the sensors do not need to be rotated. A closed-loop control system is formed by adopting servo motor control and an absolute grating displacement feedback system in the control system, so that the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor is accurately controlled, and the repeated positioning precision of the system is improved; the machining reference of the wheel or the brake disc is used as a measuring reference, the outer diameter of the wheel of the motor car is measured, the inner diameter of the motor car is measured, and the purposes of ensuring high detection precision and high repeated positioning precision and meeting the production takt of enterprises are achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the mechanical part of the on-line detection system for the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the wheel of the bullet train consists of a base, a positioning bracket, a vertical detection platform of the wheel (or a brake disc), a horizontal detection platform of the wheel (or the brake disc), a fine reference supporting device of the wheel (or the brake disc), a coarse reference supporting device of the wheel (or the brake disc), a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform and a wheel (or brake disc) rotation driving device. The method is characterized in that: a positioning support and a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform are mounted on a base, a wheel (or brake disc) coarse reference supporting device, a wheel (or brake disc) fine reference supporting device and a wheel (or brake disc) rotary driving device are mounted below the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform on the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform, and a wheel (or brake disc) horizontal detection platform and a wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform are mounted on the positioning support.
①, laser displacement sensor A, B (as shown in figure 1), which is displaced one △ L along the radial direction of the disk part and moves from one side of the diameter to the other side (the moving direction of the following figure), records the scanning measured value of each unit length of △ L of A, B two laser displacement sensors in an acquisition card, adds and compares the measured values of A, B two laser displacement sensors at the same time, selects the minimum value, then compares and calculates the minimum value with the measured value of the standard part, repeats the steps again after rotating the disk part 60 degrees, and obtains the average value of the minimum value as the final diameter measured value after measuring for a plurality of times.
②, a laser displacement sensor C, D (as shown in figure 2), which is horizontally displaced by △ X along the radial direction of the disk part and moved from one side of the diameter to the other side (as shown in the moving direction of the figure), the scanning measured values of the C, D two laser displacement sensors at △ X per unit length are recorded in an acquisition card, the values measured by the two laser displacement sensors at the same time C, D are added and compared, the maximum value is selected and then compared with the measured value of the standard part for calculation, then the steps are repeated again after the disk part is rotated by 60 degrees, and the average value of the maximum value is obtained as the final diameter measured value after a plurality of measurements.
The wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform consists of: the Z-axis support frame, the U-shaped plate 2, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table, the back-to-back laser displacement sensor and the calibration plate. The U-shaped plate is arranged on the Z-axis support frame, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table is arranged on the U-shaped plate, and the back-to-back laser displacement sensor is connected with the vertical linear guide rail sliding table to realize inner diameter detection; the calibration plate is fixed on the Z-axis support frame and is responsible for calibrating the measurement diameter, determining the static characteristic index of the measurement system and eliminating the system error.
The wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform consists of: the laser displacement sensor comprises a laser displacement sensor, a Z-axis support frame, a crescent-shaped plate, a sensor positioning plate, a single-axis guide block, a linear guide rail, a horizontal detection platform servo motor and a lead screw pair. The crescent plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the Z-axis support frame, the sensor positioning plate is arranged at the tail end of the crescent plate, and the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the sensor positioning plate through the single-axis guide block; the horizontal detection platform servo motor is installed behind the Z-axis support frame, and drives the linear guide rail on the Z axis through the screw rod pair, so that the laser displacement sensor moves horizontally and is responsible for detecting the outer diameter of the motor car wheel.
The wheel fine reference supporting device comprises: the positioning arm, the positioning bracket, the centering shaft, the linear bearing and the cylinder; the positioning arm is connected on the positioning bracket by a shaft to form a positioning arm component; the air cylinder is arranged 20-40 mm below the centering shaft and fixed on the air cylinder cushion and is responsible for providing a certain force for the centering shaft; a centering shaft is arranged on the linear bearing, controls the ascending or descending of the positioning arm component and is responsible for the positioning of the precise reference of the wheel to be measured; after the accurate reference positioning of the wheel is finished, the positioning arm falls down by itself by means of dead weight, and the positioning arm is guaranteed not to interfere with a measurement area.
The wheel (or brake disc) coarse reference supporting device comprises ① groups of profile blocks, ② groups of profile blocks and a rotary component, wherein ① groups of profile blocks and ② groups of profile blocks are distributed on the rotary component in a rotating array mode, ① groups of profile blocks are responsible for coarse reference positioning of a motor car wheel, and ② groups of profile blocks are responsible for coarse reference positioning of a motor car wheel brake disc.
The wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform consists of: the device comprises a movable support, a conveying platform servo motor, a screw pair, a slide rail and a slide block. The sliding rail is arranged on the base I and is responsible for guiding and supporting the motion of the platform; the slide block is arranged on the slide rail; the sliding block is combined with the movable support, and the screw pair is arranged on the support and connected with the movable support to be responsible for the motion transmission of the platform; the conveying platform servo motor is arranged at the end part of the screw rod.
The wheel (or brake disc) rotary driving device is composed of: the rotary driving device comprises a speed reduction motor, a rotary bottom plate, a shaft sleeve, a bearing sleeve, a linear bearing and a chain wheel rotating mechanism; the speed reducing motor of the rotary driving device is arranged on a motor supporting seat, and the motor supporting seat is arranged on the shaft sleeve by virtue of a connecting device; the linear bearing is connected with the chain wheel rotating mechanism, the chain wheel rotating mechanism is driven by the rotation of the motor, the rotary bottom plate is driven by the linear bearing, and the wheel (or the brake disc) of the tested motor car rotates to realize the multi-point detection of the wheel.
And the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform of the wheel are respectively provided with an absolute grating ruler.
The online detection system adopts a PMAC servo motor control and a grating displacement feedback system to form a closed-loop control system for accurately controlling the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor, and the control system is divided into four parts, namely, a PMAC servo motor control, a grating displacement feedback control, a PLC control and a measurement data acquisition system; the industrial control computer sends an instruction to the PMAC motion control card, the PMAC motion control card sends a signal to the servo driver, the servo driver controls the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform of the wheel, the moving distance of the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform is measured by the grating ruler and fed back to the PMAC motion control card, and the control card calculates the compensation quantity to realize the accurate position control of the moving platform. And high repeated positioning precision of the system is ensured. The PLC control system controls an air cylinder of the wheel (or brake disc) horizontal conveying platform, a servo motor of the wheel (or brake disc) rotation driving device, a servo motor of the air cylinder and wheel (or brake disc) horizontal detection platform and a speed reduction motor of the rotation driving device. The measured data acquisition system acquires data of 4 laser displacement sensors, namely a left/right crescent plate end sensor and a 'back-to-back' laser displacement sensor group through a data acquisition card.
The specific detection process is as follows:
(1) wheels or brake discs are hoisted on a coarse positioning supporting device of the equipment through a crown block;
(2) a motor on the wheel conveying platform drives a ball screw to drive wheels on the platform to move to a specified position;
(3) the cylinder below the designated position pushes the centering shaft to move upwards, and the positioning arm is opened under the action of the centering shaft, so that the wheels are accurately positioned;
(4) the positioning arm falls down by means of self weight without interfering the measurement range;
(5) the vertical linear guide rail sliding table right above the wheel (or brake disc) moves downwards to drive the laser displacement sensor C, D to descend to a measurement position a;
(6) a servo motor of the horizontal detection platform drives the detection platform to realize the horizontal movement of the Z-axis support frame and drive the laser displacement sensors A, B and C, D arranged on the support frame to move together, and 20mm is taken as a moving unit;
(7) by applying the working principle (as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2), the required measured value is obtained, and if the deviation of the measured value is too large, an alarm is given;
(8) after the primary detection is finished, the laser displacement sensor returns to the initial position;
(9) the wheel rotating device drives the wheel to rotate for a certain angle, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table right above the wheel (or a brake disc) moves downwards, and the laser displacement sensor C, D is driven to fall to the measurement position a again; repeating the detection process to realize multi-point measurement;
(10) and after the detection of the position a is finished, the back-to-back laser displacement sensor continuously descends to reach the measurement position b, and the detection of the position b is finished according to the measurement process of the position a. Then, detecting the position c;
(11) after the detection of the three positions is finished, the wheel conveying platform motor drives the ball screw to return the wheel (or the brake disc) on the sliding block to the initial position.
The novel positive effect of the experiment is that the maximum diameter point is obtained by scanning only through the motion of the detection platform, and the sensor does not need to be rotated, so that the influence of the mechanism on the measurement precision is reduced, the uncertainty generated by the motion is reduced, the error in the detection process is reduced only through the translation motion, and the very high precision requirement can be ensured; the reasonable positioning device and the positioning arm device are adopted to ensure that the wheel (or brake disc) does not deviate in the measurement process, and the measurement range requirement is realized by the dead weight of the positioning arm; a closed-loop control system is formed by adopting servo motor control and an absolute grating displacement feedback system in the control system, so that the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor is accurately controlled, and the measuring precision of the system is improved; the measuring system adopts 4 point laser displacement sensors, adopts the positioning reference according with the actual working condition to finish the measurement of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the wheels of the motor car of different types, and can ensure high detection precision and high repeated positioning precision and meet the production takt time of enterprises.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the scanning of the laser displacement sensor A, B according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the scanning of the laser displacement sensor C, D according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a calibration block specially used for detecting the inner diameter of the wheel.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the wheel inner diameter scanning of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows three rotation detection positions of each section for the measurement of the inner and outer diameters of the wheel according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an isometric view of the wheel inspection machine system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an isometric view of a vertical test platform iii for a wheel (or brake disc) of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an isometric view of a wheel (or brake disc) level test platform iv of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) coarse reference support means v of the present invention.
Figure 10 is an isometric view of a wheel (or brake disc) fine reference support means vi of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an isometric view of the wheel (or brake disc) transfer platform vii of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is an isometric view of a wheel (or brake disc) rotary drive mechanism viii according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the outer diameter detection of the wheel (or brake disc) according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of inner diameter detection in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14: the mechanical system is shown in figure 6 and comprises a base I, a positioning support II, a wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform III, a wheel (or brake disc) horizontal detection platform IV, a wheel (or brake disc) fine reference supporting device V, a wheel (or brake disc) coarse reference supporting device VI, a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII and a wheel (or brake disc) rotation driving device VIII. The method is characterized in that: a positioning support II and a wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII are installed on a base I, a wheel (or brake disc) coarse reference supporting device VI, a wheel (or brake disc) fine reference supporting device V and a wheel (or brake disc) rotary driving device VIII are installed below the wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII, a wheel (or brake disc) horizontal detection platform IV and a wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform III are installed on the positioning support II.
The wheel (or brake disc) vertical detection platform iii shown in fig. 7 consists of: the Z-axis support frame 26, the U-shaped plate 28, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table 29, the back-to-back laser displacement sensor 30 and the calibration plate 31. The U-shaped plate 28 is installed on the Z-axis support frame 26, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table 29 is installed on the U-shaped plate 28, and the back-to-back laser displacement sensor 30 is connected with the vertical linear guide rail sliding table 29 to realize inner diameter detection; the calibration plate 31 is fixed on the Z-axis support frame and is responsible for calibrating the measurement diameter, determining the static characteristic index of the measurement system and eliminating the system error.
The wheel (or brake disc) level detection platform iv shown in fig. 8 consists of: the device comprises a laser displacement sensor 22, a Z-axis support frame 26, a crescent plate 20, a sensor positioning plate 24, a single-axis guide block 23, a linear guide rail 21, a horizontal detection platform servo motor 27 and a screw pair 25. The crescent plates 20 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the Z-axis support frame 26, the sensor positioning plate 24 is arranged at the tail end of the crescent plate 20, and the laser displacement sensor 22 is arranged on the sensor positioning plate 24 through the single-axis guide block 23; the horizontal detection platform servo motor 27 is installed behind the Z-axis support frame 26, drives the linear guide rail 21 on the Z axis through the screw pair 25, enables the laser displacement sensor 22 to move horizontally, and is responsible for detecting the outer diameter of the bullet train wheel.
The wheel (or brake disc) coarse reference supporting device VI shown in FIG. 9 consists of ① groups of profile blocks 6, ② groups of profile blocks 7 and a rotary part 8, wherein ① groups of profile blocks 6 and ② groups of profile blocks 7 are distributed on the rotary part 8 in a rotating array mode, ① groups of profile blocks 6 are responsible for coarse reference positioning of a motor vehicle wheel, and ② groups of profile blocks 7 are responsible for coarse reference positioning of a motor vehicle wheel brake disc.
The wheel (or brake disc) fine reference supporting device V shown in FIG. 10 is composed of a positioning arm 9, a positioning bracket 10, a centering shaft 12, a linear bearing 11 and a cylinder 13; the positioning arm 9 is connected on the positioning bracket 10 by a shaft to form a positioning arm assembly; the cylinder 13 is arranged 20-40 mm below the centering shaft 12 and fixed on the cylinder pad and is responsible for providing a certain force for the centering shaft; a centering shaft 12 is arranged on the linear bearing 11, controls the ascending or descending of the positioning arm assembly and is responsible for the precise reference positioning of the wheel (or brake disc) to be measured; after the accurate reference positioning of the wheel (or the brake disc) is finished, the positioning arm 9 falls down by itself by means of dead weight, and the positioning arm 9 is guaranteed not to interfere with a measurement area.
The wheel (or brake disc) conveying platform VII shown in fig. 11 is composed of a movable support 3, a conveying platform servo motor 1, a lead screw pair 2, a slide rail 5 and a slide block 4. The sliding rail 5 is arranged on the base I and is responsible for guiding and supporting the motion of the platform; the slide block 4 is arranged on the slide rail 5; the slide block 4 is combined with the movable support 3, and the screw pair 2 is arranged on the support and connected with the movable support 3 and is responsible for the motion transmission of the platform; the conveying platform servo motor 1 is arranged at the end part of the screw rod.
A wheel (or brake disc) rotation driving device viii shown in fig. 12 is composed of a rotation driving device reduction motor 19, a rotary bottom plate 16, a shaft sleeve 17, a bearing sleeve 14, a linear bearing 15 and a sprocket rotation mechanism 18; the speed reducing motor 19 of the rotary driving device is arranged on a motor supporting seat, and the motor supporting seat is arranged on the shaft sleeve 17 by virtue of a connecting device; the linear bearing 15 is connected with the chain wheel rotating mechanism 18, the chain wheel rotating mechanism 18 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the motor 19 of the rotary driving device, the rotary bottom plate 16 is driven through the linear bearing 15, the wheel of the tested motor car is enabled to rotate, and the multipoint detection of the wheel is achieved.
And the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform of the wheel are respectively provided with an absolute grating ruler.
The online detection system adopts a PMAC servo motor control and a grating displacement feedback system to form a closed-loop control system for accurately controlling the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor, and the control system is divided into four parts, namely, a PMAC servo motor control, a grating displacement feedback control, a PLC control and a measurement data acquisition system; the industrial control computer sends an instruction to the PMAC motion control card, the PMAC motion control card sends a signal to the servo driver, the servo driver controls the horizontal and vertical detection platforms, the moving distance between the horizontal and vertical detection platforms is measured by the grating ruler and fed back to the PMAC motion control card, and the control card calculates the compensation quantity to realize the accurate position control of the mobile platform. And high repeated positioning precision of the system is ensured. The PLC control system controls a cylinder of the wheel horizontal conveying platform, a servo motor of a wheel or brake disc rotation driving device, the cylinder and servo motors of the horizontal and vertical detection platforms. The measured data acquisition system acquires data of 4 laser displacement sensors, namely a left/right crescent plate end sensor and a 'back-to-back' laser displacement sensor group through a data acquisition card.
The specific detection process is as follows:
(1) a calibration process:
in the detection of the outer diameter in the design, the outer diameter of the rolling circle of the wheel is detected by adopting a method of comparing with a calibration wheel. A calibration wheel with an outer diameter of 880mm is selected and conveyed to a designated position, two laser displacement sensors A, B are moved radially in units of 20mm along the calibration wheel using the detection principle of FIG. 1, and the minimum value obtained by scanning is recorded by scanning from one side of the diameter to the other. For example: a, the value scanned and recorded by the laser displacement sensor is 4.998 mm; the scanning and recording numerical value of the laser displacement sensor is 6.001 mm; the two values are used as calibration values for calibrating the outer diameter of the rolling circle of the wheel with 880 mm.
For the detection of the inner diameter, a calibration block (as shown in FIG. 3) having a length and a width of 190mm and a height of 100mm was designed. Two back-to-back laser displacement sensors C, D move vertically in the calibration block, and record the values obtained by scanning of the two sensors, wherein the value recorded by the laser displacement sensor C is 5.001 mm; the value recorded by the D laser displacement sensor was 5.998 mm. And taking the two values as the 190mm calibration value of the inner diameter of the wheel.
(2) The method comprises the steps that wheels or brake discs are hung on a coarse positioning supporting device of equipment through a crown block, a motor on a wheel conveying platform drives a ball screw to drive wheels on the platform to move to a designated position, an air cylinder below the designated position pushes a centering shaft to move upwards, a positioning arm is opened under the action of the centering shaft to achieve accurate positioning of the wheels, then the positioning arm falls down by means of self weight without interfering a measuring range, a vertical linear guide rail sliding table right above the wheels (or the brake discs) moves downwards to drive a laser displacement sensor C, D to fall to a ① measuring position, then a horizontal detection platform servo motor drives a detection platform to achieve horizontal movement of a Z-axis supporting frame and drive laser displacement sensors A, B and C, D mounted on the supporting frame to move together, 20mm is taken as a moving unit, required measured values are obtained by applying the working principle (shown in figures 1 and 2), if the deviation of measured values is overlarge, an alarm is given, after one detection is completed, the laser displacement sensor returns to the initial position, a wheel rotating device drives the wheels to rotate by a certain angle, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table directly above the wheels (or the brake discs) to move downwards, and drives the laser displacement sensor to fall to the initial position again to achieve detection, and then the detection of a detection of the detection of a, the detection of the back to the three wheel conveying positions of the laser displacement sensor, the detection process is completed.
(3) And (3) size measurement:
1) outside diameter of wheel
The laser displacement sensor arranged at the tail end of the crescent plate collects the outer diameter data of the wheel according to the position shown in fig. 13, and the diameter of the wheel is calculated by carrying out difference on the measured data and the calibration data. The outer diameters of the left wheel and the right wheel are respectively measured.
The formula is as follows:
D＝D0-(SensorDetectMin-SensorDetect0)×2
in the formula: d: outer diameter of wheel to be measured, D0: calibrating the outside diameter of a wheel, SensorDetect0: the laser displacement sensor measures the measured value of the calibration wheel pair, SensorDetect, at the position shown in the figureMinThe minimum value that the laser displacement sensor takes for each unit in the scan record △ L.
The method comprises the steps of rotating a driving device of the wheel of the bullet train for a certain angle, driving a horizontal detection platform of the wheel, enabling a sensor A, B to horizontally displace one △ L along the radial direction of the wheel of the bullet train, scanning and recording the value measured by each unit in △ L by a laser displacement sensor, comparing the measured value, selecting the minimum value, and then comparing and calculating the minimum value with the measured value of a standard component.
The method of measuring the diameter is explained by the above actual measurement data of the wheel diameter.
2) Inner diameter
The "back-to-back" displacement sensor group collects wheel inner diameter data at the positions shown in fig. 14, and calculates the wheel inner diameter by differencing the measured data with the calibration data. The inner diameters of the wheels at the positions are respectively measured. The formula is as follows:
D＝D0-(SensorDetectMax-SensorDetect0)×2
in the formula: d: outer diameter of wheel to be measured, D0: calibrating the outside diameter of the wheel, SensorDetect0: laser displacement sensor measures and calibrates wheel pair measured value SensorDetect at diagram positionMaxThe maximum value that the laser displacement sensor takes for each unit in the scan record △ X.
The front driving wheel rotation driving device rotates the front driving wheel by a certain angle; the vertical detection platform is driven to move,
the device is lowered to the position to be detected, then the wheel horizontal detection platform is driven, the sensor C, D is vertically displaced by △ X along the axial direction of the bullet train wheel, the grating ruler scans and records the value measured by each unit in △ X,
comparing the measured values, and selecting the maximum value; and then compared with the standard measured value.
And repeating the operation to realize the measurement of the diameters of all parts in the wheel inner hole.
The method for measuring the diameter is explained by the actual measurement data of the measured inner diameter.
Claims (4)
1. The system is characterized in that a mechanical system consists of a base, a positioning bracket, a wheel or brake disc vertical detection platform, a wheel or brake disc horizontal detection platform, a wheel or brake disc fine reference supporting device, a wheel or brake disc coarse reference supporting device, a wheel or brake disc conveying platform and a wheel or brake disc rotary driving device;
(1) a positioning support, a wheel or brake disc conveying platform are arranged on the base, a wheel or brake disc coarse reference supporting device, a wheel or brake disc fine reference supporting device and a wheel or brake disc rotation driving device are arranged below the wheel or brake disc conveying platform, a wheel or brake disc horizontal detection platform and a wheel or brake disc vertical detection platform are arranged on the positioning support;
(2) the vertical detection platform comprises a Z-axis support frame, a U-shaped plate 2, a vertical linear guide rail sliding table, a back-to-back laser displacement sensor and a calibration plate; the U-shaped plate is arranged on the Z-axis support frame, the vertical linear guide rail sliding table is arranged on the U-shaped plate, and the back-to-back laser displacement sensor is connected with the vertical linear guide rail sliding table to realize inner diameter detection; the calibration plate is fixed on the Z-axis support frame and is responsible for calibrating the measured inner diameter, determining the static characteristic index of the measurement system and eliminating the system error;
(3) the horizontal detection platform comprises a laser displacement sensor A, B, Z shaft support frame, a crescent-shaped plate, a sensor positioning plate, a single-shaft guide block, a linear guide rail, a horizontal detection platform servo motor and a screw pair; the crescent-shaped plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the Z-axis support frame, the sensor positioning plate is arranged at the tail end of the crescent-shaped plate, and the laser displacement sensor A, B is arranged on the sensor positioning plate through the single-axis guide block; the horizontal detection platform servo motor is arranged behind the Z-axis support frame, and drives a linear guide rail on the Z axis through a lead screw pair, so that the laser displacement sensor A, B horizontally moves and is responsible for detecting the outer diameter of the wheels of the bullet train;
(4) the precise reference supporting device comprises a positioning arm, a positioning bracket, a centering shaft, a linear bearing and a cylinder; the positioning arm is connected on the positioning bracket by a shaft to form a positioning arm component; the air cylinder is arranged 20-40 mm below the centering shaft and fixed on the air cylinder cushion and is responsible for providing a certain force for the centering shaft; a centering shaft is arranged on the linear bearing, controls the ascending or descending of the positioning arm component and is responsible for the positioning of the precise reference of the wheel or the brake disc to be detected; after the wheel or the brake disc is precisely positioned in a reference mode, the positioning arm automatically falls down by means of dead weight, and the positioning arm is guaranteed not to interfere with a measurement area;
(5) the coarse reference supporting device comprises ① groups of profile blocks, ② groups of profile blocks and a rotary part, wherein ① groups of profile blocks and ② groups of profile blocks are distributed on the rotary part in a rotating array mode, ① groups of profile blocks are responsible for coarse reference positioning of the wheels of the motor car, and ② groups of profile blocks are responsible for coarse reference positioning of the wheels of the motor car;
(6) the conveying platform comprises a movable support, a conveying platform servo motor, a screw pair, a sliding rail and a sliding block; the sliding rail is arranged on the base I and is responsible for guiding and supporting the motion of the platform; the slide block is arranged on the slide rail; the sliding block is combined with the movable support, and the screw pair is arranged on the support and connected with the movable support to be responsible for the motion transmission of the platform; the conveying platform servo motor is arranged at the end part of the screw rod;
(7) the rotary driving device comprises a speed reduction motor of the rotary driving device, a rotary bottom plate, a shaft sleeve, a bearing sleeve, a linear bearing and a chain wheel rotating mechanism; the speed reducing motor of the rotary driving device is arranged on a motor supporting seat, and the motor supporting seat is arranged on the shaft sleeve by virtue of a connecting device; the linear bearing is connected with the chain wheel rotating mechanism, the chain wheel rotating mechanism is driven by the rotation of the motor, the rotary bottom plate is driven by the linear bearing, the wheel or the brake disc of the tested motor car rotates, and the multi-point detection of the wheel or the brake disc is realized.
2. The system for on-line detection of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bullet train wheel according to claim 1, wherein an absolute grating ruler is respectively installed on the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform of the wheel.
3. The system for on-line detection of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the motor car wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the on-line detection system adopts a PMAC servo motor control and a grating displacement feedback system to form a closed-loop control system for accurately controlling the measurement position of the laser displacement sensor, and the control system is divided into four parts, namely, a PMAC servo motor control, a grating displacement feedback control, a PLC control and a measurement data acquisition system; the industrial personal computer sends an instruction to the PMAC motion control card, the PMAC motion control card sends a signal to the servo driver, the servo driver controls the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform of the wheel or the brake disc, the moving distance between the horizontal detection platform and the vertical detection platform is measured by the absolute grating ruler and fed back to the PMAC motion control card, and the control card calculates the compensation quantity to realize the accurate position control of the mobile platform; the high repeated positioning precision of the system is ensured; the PLC control system controls an air cylinder of the wheel or brake disc horizontal conveying platform, a servo motor of a wheel or brake disc rotation driving device, a servo motor of the air cylinder and wheel or brake disc horizontal detection platform and a speed reduction motor of the rotation driving device; the measured data acquisition system acquires data of 4 laser displacement sensors, namely a left/right crescent plate end sensor and a 'back-to-back' laser displacement sensor group through a data acquisition card.
4. The system for on-line detection of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bullet train wheel according to claim 1 is characterized in that the specific detection process is as follows:
(1) wheels or brake discs are hoisted on a coarse positioning supporting device of the equipment through a crown block;
(2) a motor on the wheel conveying platform drives a ball screw to drive wheels or a brake disc on the platform to move to a specified position;
(3) the cylinder below the designated position pushes the centering shaft to move upwards, and the positioning arm is opened under the action of the centering shaft, so that the accurate positioning of the wheel or the brake disc is realized;
(4) the positioning arm falls down by means of self weight without interfering the measurement range;
(5) the vertical linear guide rail sliding table right above the wheel or the brake disc moves downwards to drive the laser displacement sensor C, D to descend to a measurement position a;
(6) a servo motor of the horizontal detection platform drives the detection platform to realize the horizontal movement of the Z-axis support frame and drive the laser displacement sensors A, B and C, D arranged on the support frame to move together, and 20mm is taken as a moving unit;
(7) obtaining a required measured value by applying the working principle in the step 2, and alarming if the deviation of the measured value is overlarge;
(8) after the primary detection is finished, the laser displacement sensor returns to the initial position;
(9) the wheel rotating device drives a wheel or a brake disc to rotate for a certain angle, and a vertical linear guide rail sliding table right above the wheel or the brake disc moves downwards to drive the laser displacement sensor C, D to descend to a measurement position a again; repeating the detection process to realize multi-point measurement;
(10) after the detection of the position a is finished, the back-to-back laser displacement sensors continuously descend to reach the measurement position b, and the detection of the position b is finished according to the measurement process of the position a; then, detecting the position c;
(11) after the detection of the three positions is finished, the wheel conveying platform motor drives the ball screw to enable the wheel or the brake disc on the sliding block to return to the initial position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710467472.1A CN107084673B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710467472.1A CN107084673B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107084673A CN107084673A (en) | 2017-08-22 |
| CN107084673B true CN107084673B (en) | 2020-02-07 |
Family
ID=59605632
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710467472.1A Expired - Fee Related CN107084673B (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-06-20 | Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107084673B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107655416B (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-04-14 | 长春工程学院 | Shaft diameter detection device and detection method |
| CN107907042B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2023-09-26 | 浙江大学 | Diameter online measurement device and method |
| CN108168908B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2024-04-09 | 浙江今跃机械科技开发有限公司 | Hub convex peak detection system |
| CN108458663B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-10-13 | 北京新联铁集团股份有限公司 | Robot measuring device and measuring method thereof |
| CN108443132B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2020-04-07 | 郑州大学 | Integrated detection device for compressor cylinder and upper outer cover |
| CN109374040A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-22 | 苏州穿山甲机器人股份有限公司 | Large-sized structural parts detection device and method |
| CN109568810A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-05 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Automatically scanning Water ball system positioning performance measuring device |
| CN109470558B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-04-03 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Displacement sensor calibration device used under high temperature and high pressure |
| CN109540009B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2024-07-09 | 北京今日蓝天科技有限公司 | External diameter measuring device and external diameter measuring method |
| CN110849281B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏鲁汶仪器有限公司 | Aperture gauge capable of realizing automatic closed-loop control of optical system and measurement method |
| CN110836624A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-25 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Inner and outer seam allowance measuring tool for disc ring type parts and using method thereof |
| CN112781480B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-04-07 | 广州海狮软件科技有限公司 | Pipe diameter and thickness measuring instrument and measuring method thereof |
| CN115289970A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-04 | 星泓智造装备有限公司 | Large-scale ring piece automatic check out test set |
| CN115355832B (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-01-17 | 青岛日森机电有限公司 | Vehicle body measuring device |
| CN117346634B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-02-06 | 卡耐夫集团(山西)管道系统有限公司 | Brake disc surface detection device |
| CN118293805B (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-09-17 | 无锡斯道兹量仪有限公司 | Aperture check out test set on ring flange |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102062577A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-05-18 | 柳州科路测量仪器有限责任公司 | Automatic laser detector for wheel sets and method for automatically detecting wheel sets |
| CN105758321A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽工业大学 | Train wheel hub inner hole diameter laser measurement system and measurement method thereof |
| CN106346391A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-01-25 | 长春工程学院 | Train wheel set axial positioning device |
| CN106500914A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The method for automatic measurement of wheel tread run-out error |
-
2017
- 2017-06-20 CN CN201710467472.1A patent/CN107084673B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102062577A (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2011-05-18 | 柳州科路测量仪器有限责任公司 | Automatic laser detector for wheel sets and method for automatically detecting wheel sets |
| CN105758321A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽工业大学 | Train wheel hub inner hole diameter laser measurement system and measurement method thereof |
| CN106500914A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The method for automatic measurement of wheel tread run-out error |
| CN106346391A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-01-25 | 长春工程学院 | Train wheel set axial positioning device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 列车轮对测量机控制系统的设计与实现;张爽等;《制造业自动化》;20170325;第39卷(第03期);全文 * |
| 点云频域配准的双目双线结构光列车轮对检测;王华等;《光学精密工程》;20170315;第25卷(第03期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107084673A (en) | 2017-08-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107084673B (en) | Device and method for measuring and detecting outer diameter and inner diameter of bullet train wheel | |
| CN106441088B (en) | A kind of detector for train wheel pair size and run-out tolerance on-line detecting system | |
| CN110193837B (en) | Track inspection robot | |
| CN206095149U (en) | Train wheel set size and run -out tolerance on -line measuring system | |
| CN112066898B (en) | Robot measuring device and measuring method thereof | |
| CN110231009B (en) | Automatic detection device and method for position degree of wheel bolt hole | |
| CN101619965A (en) | Wheel-pair automatic measuring device | |
| CN112161591B (en) | Panel flatness on-line measuring device | |
| CN107607077A (en) | Building ground measurement method of planeness | |
| CN105928479A (en) | Online measuring device of outer diameter of cylindrical member in spinning process | |
| CN113333510A (en) | Spline detection and straightening system and method of half-axis straightening machine | |
| CN107655416B (en) | Shaft diameter detection device and detection method | |
| CN103234506A (en) | Online detector for frame assemblies | |
| CN211668449U (en) | High-precision profile detection device for steel rail | |
| CN109968202B (en) | On-machine detection device and method for diameter and contour of grinding wheel | |
| CN105783832B (en) | A kind of method that cartridge type part outside diameter in spinning process is measured using on-line measuring device | |
| JP4402245B2 (en) | Equipment for measuring main dimensions of railway axles | |
| CN117470162A (en) | Full-automatic detection machine and detection method for railway carriage bearings | |
| CN117091517A (en) | Wall thickness measuring device and method for small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure | |
| CN209945303U (en) | Automatic detection device for position degree of wheel bolt hole | |
| CN102901455A (en) | Quick online spherical crown radius detecting device | |
| CN107607078A (en) | Building ground roughness detection equipments | |
| CN205861017U (en) | A kind of wheel is to automatic measurement machine | |
| CN219301570U (en) | Multi-point thickness detection tool for automobile die castings | |
| CN218349416U (en) | Tire rim internal diameter detection machine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20200207 Termination date: 20210620 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |