CN117091517A - Wall thickness measuring device and method for small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure - Google Patents
Wall thickness measuring device and method for small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN117091517A CN117091517A CN202310829487.3A CN202310829487A CN117091517A CN 117091517 A CN117091517 A CN 117091517A CN 202310829487 A CN202310829487 A CN 202310829487A CN 117091517 A CN117091517 A CN 117091517A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wall thickness measuring device for a small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure and a measuring method thereof, wherein the wall thickness measuring device comprises a controller, a supporting platform, a transmission belt positioned on the supporting platform, a supporting frame component positioned on the transmission belt and used for driving a cylinder to be measured to horizontally move and rotate around the circumference, a fixed bracket positioned on the supporting platform, a first single-wire rail sliding table horizontally arranged on the fixed bracket, a vertical lifting sliding table arranged on the supporting platform, a second single-wire rail sliding table vertically arranged and connected with a sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table, a laser displacement sensor connected with the sliding block of the second single-wire rail sliding table and aligned with the cylinder to be measured, a reference rod coaxially arranged with the cylinder to be measured, the right end of the reference rod is stretched into the cylinder to be measured, and the left end of the reference rod is connected with the sliding block of the vertical lifting sliding table, and a movement direction conversion component positioned at the right end of the reference rod and used for detecting the wall thickness of the cylinder to be measured in a matched manner with the laser displacement sensor. The invention is convenient for realizing the accurate measurement of the wall thickness of the cylinder structure with small inner diameter and large length.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wall thickness measurement of cylinder structures, in particular to a wall thickness measurement device and a wall thickness measurement method for a cylinder structure with small inner diameter and large length.
Background
In the field of sewage treatment, thin-walled housing members represented by metal cylinders are key members in sewage filtration equipment. If the wall thickness does not meet the index requirements, serious consequences can be caused. However, the parts are multiple in structure types, complex in overall surface shape, multiple in points to be measured, small in diameter, large in length and difficult to clamp, so that the high-efficiency and precise measurement of the thickness is extremely difficult to realize.
At present, laser thickness detection is the first choice for measuring the wall thickness of metal cylinder workpieces due to the simple principle and high measurement accuracy. Most workpiece manufacturers measure the thickness of the workpieces by adopting a manual dial indicator, and the measurement point positions of the workpieces are selected, the force is controlled during measurement, the measurement angle is adjusted, the measurement effect is judged by experience of a detection worker. The measurement efficiency is low, and a large human error exists in the measurement. Automated laser thickness measurement is also evolving, but most are directed to thickness measurement of simple workpieces such as pipes, plates.
Therefore, there is a need to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the first object of the invention is to provide a wall thickness measuring device for a small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure, which has high measuring precision and accuracy.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a measuring method for a wall thickness measuring device for a small inner diameter long cylindrical structure.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the invention discloses a wall thickness measuring device for a small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure, which comprises a controller, a supporting platform, a transmission belt positioned on the supporting platform, a supporting frame component positioned on the transmission belt and used for driving a cylinder to be measured to horizontally move and rotate around the circumference, a fixed bracket positioned on the supporting platform, a first single-wire rail sliding table horizontally arranged on the fixed bracket, a vertical lifting sliding table vertically arranged on the supporting platform, a second single-wire rail sliding table vertically arranged and connected with a sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table, a laser displacement sensor connected with the sliding block of the second single-wire rail sliding table and aligned with the cylinder to be measured, a reference rod coaxially arranged with the cylinder to be measured and extending into the cylinder to be measured at the right end, and a movement direction conversion component positioned at the right end of the reference rod and used for detecting the wall thickness of the cylinder to be measured in a matched manner with the laser displacement sensor.
The motion direction conversion assembly comprises a first flange connected with the reference rod, a mounting frame connected with the first flange, a contact displacement sensor coaxially arranged on the mounting frame and used for measuring axial displacement, a vertical guide rail arranged on the mounting frame, a supporting plate penetrating through the vertical guide rail, a contact positioned above the supporting plate and contacted with the inner wall of the cylinder to be detected, a spring positioned below the supporting plate, a tangential pressing block connected with the lower end of the spring and contacted with the contact displacement sensor, and a protective shell; the spring connected with the contact is compressed and deformed under the pressure of the inner wall of the cylinder to be measured, so that the tangent pressing block connected with the spring moves downwards, and the inclined surface of the tangent pressing block drives the contact of the contact displacement sensor to shrink inwards in the downward moving process, thereby indirectly measuring the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder to be measured and the reference.
Preferably, the support frame assembly comprises a square frame, a longitudinal support rod longitudinally arranged along the square frame, a first transverse support rod transversely arranged at the right end of the square frame and a second transverse support rod transversely arranged at the left end of the square frame, a clamping driving assembly used for clamping a cylinder to be tested and driving the cylinder to be tested to rotate is arranged on the longitudinal support rod, a clamping roller assembly used for guiding the cylinder to be tested to rotate is arranged on the first transverse support rod and the second transverse support rod, and a stopping assembly used for stopping the cylinder to be tested to rotate is arranged on the square frame.
And the clamping driving assembly comprises a chuck base arranged on the longitudinal supporting rod, a pneumatic three-jaw chuck arranged on the chuck base and used for clamping the cylinder to be tested, a driving motor arranged on the chuck base and a synchronous belt connected with an output shaft of the driving motor and used for driving the pneumatic three-jaw chuck to rotate.
Further, the clamping roller assembly comprises a pair of right bearing seats symmetrically arranged on the first transverse supporting rod, a pair of left bearing seats symmetrically arranged on the second transverse supporting rod, auxiliary supporting rods penetrating through the right bearing seats and the left bearing seats and rotating friction wheels penetrating through the auxiliary supporting rods.
Preferably, the stop assembly comprises clamping cylinders symmetrically arranged on two sides of the cylinder to be tested and clamping rollers which are arranged on an output shaft of the clamping cylinders and are oppositely arranged.
Furthermore, an electronic dial indicator for determining a reference zero point is connected to the sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table.
Further, be provided with the first grating chi of being parallel with first single track slip table on the fixed bolster, the reading head of this first grating chi links to each other with the slider of first single track slip table.
Preferably, a vertical grating ruler is arranged beside the vertical lifting sliding table side by side, and a reading head of the vertical grating ruler is connected with a sliding block of the vertical lifting sliding table; the side of the support frame component is provided with a horizontal grating ruler side by side, and a reading head of the horizontal grating ruler is connected with the support frame component.
The invention discloses a measuring method for a wall thickness measuring device of a small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure, which comprises the following steps:
after the assembly is completed, selecting a proper position between a luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and a contact of the motion direction conversion assembly, and placing a standard measuring block with the thickness of m; the appropriate position must satisfy the following conditions: the standard block after being placed is horizontally upwards, the angle deviation is not more than 3 degrees, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the standard block after being placed are required to be within the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor and the contact displacement sensor;
measuring the distance between the luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and the upper surface of the standard block, wherein the measured data is recorded as X 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring the distance between the contact of the motion direction conversion component and the lower surface of the standard block, wherein the measured data is recorded as X 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The initial value X of the distance between the luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and the contact of the movement direction conversion assembly 0 =X 1 +X 2 +m;
A point is selected as a mark point in the measured area of the cylinder to be measured, the accurate value of the wall thickness of the cylinder to be measured at the mark point is recorded, and the value is recorded as Y;
after clamping the cylinder to be tested, the support frame assembly drives the cylinder to be tested to move along the conveying belt until the light emitting spot of the laser displacement sensor is positioned above the marking point, the distance value between the laser displacement sensor and the outer wall of the cylinder at the moment is recorded, and the deformation of the contact type displacement sensor in the cylinder is recorded and respectively recorded as x 1 And x 2 Then the wall thickness value Y is measured 0 =X 0 -(x 1 +x 2 );
Calculating a systematic error value, i.e. systematic error value delta=y 0 -Y;
Adjusting a distance calculation formula in the PLC to remove the influence of a systematic error, and then measuring the actual wall thickness value epsilon=X of the cylinder to be measured 0 -δ-(μ 1 +μ 2 ) Mu at this time 1 Sum mu 2 Representing the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the outer wall of the cylinder and the deformation amount of the contact displacement sensor in the cylinder respectively.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a wall thickness measuring device for a cylinder structure with small inner diameter and large length,
the beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) The invention utilizes the cooperation of the laser displacement sensor and the movement direction conversion component to realize the accurate measurement of the wall thickness of the cylinder structure with small inner diameter and large length;
(2) According to the invention, the displacement of the contact in the vertical direction is converted into the expansion and contraction quantity of the contact displacement sensor in the horizontal direction, so that the problem that the thickness variation is slightly large due to the smaller inner diameter of the cylinder to be measured is effectively solved, and the accuracy of wall thickness measurement is ensured;
(3) According to the invention, the cylinder to be measured is cylindrical in shape, small in diameter and large in length, and the reference rod formed by carbon fibers is additionally arranged in the cylinder to be measured, so that the cylinder to be measured has high strength, rigidity and small mass, the load of the vertical movement sliding table is reduced, the stability of the movement process is improved, and part of the weight bearing work can be completed while the cylinder is measured;
(4) The horizontal grating ruler can accurately sense the motion quantity of the conveying belt driving cylinder in the horizontal direction; the angle encoder can accurately measure the rotation angle of the cylinder driven by the synchronous belt; the two are matched with each other, so that the actual thickness of the cylinder at each linear coordinate and each angle in the feeding process can be accurately obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general layout of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a vertical lifting sliding table and a vertical grating ruler in the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first single-rail sliding table in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a support platform and a support frame assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a support frame assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a motion direction conversion assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a motion direction conversion assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the motion direction conversion assembly and reference bar of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the position of the horizontal grating scale according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a control flow chart of the present invention.
The marks in the drawings are:
the device comprises a controller 1, a fixed bracket 2, a cylinder 3 to be tested, a small supporting platform 4, a supporting frame assembly 5, a conveying belt 6, a large supporting platform 7, a vertical grating ruler 8, a vertical lifting sliding table 9, a reading head 10 of the vertical grating ruler, a first connecting plate 11, an electronic dial gauge 12, a dial gauge connecting piece 13, a first grating ruler 14, a first single-wire rail sliding table 15, a second single-wire rail sliding table 16, a second connecting plate 17, a reading head 18 of the first grating ruler, a laser displacement sensor bracket 19, a laser displacement sensor 20, a clamping cylinder 21, a clamping roller 22, a rotating friction wheel 23, a driving motor 24, a synchronous belt 25, a pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26 and an auxiliary supporting rod 27; the device comprises a guide rail slide block 28, a horizontal moving guide rail 29, a first flange 30, a protective shell 31, a contact 32, a spring 33, a vertical guide rail 34, a supporting plate 35, a mounting frame 36, a tangent press block 37, a contact displacement sensor 38, a motion direction conversion assembly 39, a reference rod 40, a horizontal grating ruler 41, a reading head 42 of the horizontal grating ruler, a left bearing seat 43, a square frame 44, a longitudinal supporting rod 45, a first transverse supporting rod 46, a second transverse supporting rod 47, a chuck base 48 and a right bearing seat 49
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a wall thickness measuring device for a small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure, which comprises a controller 1, a supporting platform, a transmission belt 6, a support frame assembly 5, a fixed support 2, a first single-line rail sliding table 15, a vertical lifting sliding table 9, a second single-line rail sliding table 16, a laser displacement sensor 20, a reference rod 40 and a movement direction conversion assembly 39, wherein the supporting platform comprises a large supporting platform 7 and a small supporting platform 4 which are arranged left and right, the upper surfaces of the large supporting platform 7 and the small supporting platform 4 are flush, the transmission belt 6 is arranged on the large supporting platform 7 and the small supporting platform 4, the transmission belt 6 is an electric transmission belt, a group of horizontal movement guide rails 29 are arranged on two sides of the transmission belt 6, guide rail sliding blocks 28 are arranged on the horizontal movement guide rails 29, the guide rail sliding blocks 28 are connected with the support frame assembly 5, the support frame assembly 5 is positioned above the transmission belt 6, the support frame assembly 5 is used for driving a cylinder 3 to be measured to horizontally move and rotate around a circumference, the guide rail sliding blocks 28 drive the support frame assembly 5 to horizontally move, and the cylinder 3 to be measured is arranged on the support frame assembly 5 along with the horizontal movement of the support frame assembly 5. As shown in fig. 5, the support frame assembly 5 includes a square frame 44, a longitudinal support rod 45, a first transverse support rod 46, a second transverse support rod 47, a clamping driving assembly, a clamping roller assembly and a stopping assembly, the longitudinal support rod 45 is longitudinally arranged along the square frame, the first transverse support rod 46 is located at the right end of the square frame, the first transverse support rod 46 is transversely arranged, the second transverse support rod 47 is located at the left end of the square frame, the second transverse support rod 47 is transversely arranged, the clamping driving assembly is arranged on the longitudinal support rod 45 and is used for clamping a cylinder to be tested and driving the cylinder to be tested to rotate, the clamping roller assembly is erected on the first transverse support rod 46 and the second transverse support rod 47 and is used for guiding the cylinder to be tested to rotate, and the stopping assembly is arranged on the square frame 44 and is used for stopping the rotation of the cylinder to be tested. The clamping driving assembly comprises a chuck base 48, a pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26, a driving motor 24 and a synchronous belt 25, wherein the chuck base 48 is positioned on the longitudinal supporting rod 45, the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26 is positioned on the chuck base 48, the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26 is used for clamping the cylinder 3 to be tested, the driving motor 24 is positioned on the chuck base 48, the synchronous belt 25 is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, and the synchronous belt 25 is used for driving the pneumatic three-jaw chuck to rotate. The clamping roller assembly comprises a pair of right bearing seats 49, a pair of left bearing seats 43, auxiliary supporting rods 27 and a rotary friction wheel 23, wherein the pair of right bearing seats 49 are symmetrically arranged on the first transverse supporting rods, the pair of left bearing seats 43 are symmetrically arranged on the second transverse supporting rods, the auxiliary supporting rods 27 are arranged on the right bearing seats 49 and the left bearing seats 43 in a penetrating mode, and the rotary friction wheel 23 is arranged on the auxiliary supporting rods 27 in a penetrating mode. The stopping component comprises clamping air cylinders 21 and clamping rollers 22, the clamping air cylinders 21 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the cylinder 3 to be tested, the clamping rollers 22 are located on output shafts of the clamping air cylinders, and the clamping rollers 22 are oppositely arranged.
As shown in fig. 3, the fixed support 2 is located on the large support platform 7, the first single-wire rail sliding table 15 is horizontally arranged on the fixed support 2, the vertical lifting sliding table 9 is vertically arranged on the large support platform 7, the second single-wire rail sliding table 16 is vertically arranged, the second single-wire rail sliding table 16 is connected with the sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table 15 through the second connecting plate 17, the laser displacement sensor 20 is connected with the sliding block of the second single-wire rail sliding table 16 through the laser displacement sensor support 19, the laser displacement sensor 20 is aligned with the cylinder to be detected, the reference rod 40 is coaxially arranged with the cylinder to be detected 3, the right end of the reference rod 40 stretches into the cylinder to be detected, the left end of the reference rod 40 is connected with the sliding block of the vertical lifting sliding table 9, the movement direction conversion assembly 39 is located at the right end of the reference rod 40, and the movement direction conversion assembly 39 is used for detecting the wall thickness of the cylinder to be detected in a matched manner with the laser displacement sensor 20. The sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table 15 is connected with an electronic dial indicator 12 through a dial indicator connecting piece 13, and the electronic dial indicator 12 is used for determining a reference zero point. The fixed support 2 is provided with a first grating ruler 14, the first grating ruler 14 is parallel to the first single-track sliding table 15, and a reading head 18 of the first grating ruler is connected with a sliding block of the first single-track sliding table 15. A vertical grating ruler 8 is arranged beside the vertical lifting sliding table 9 side by side, and a reading head 10 of the vertical grating ruler is connected with a sliding block of the vertical lifting sliding table 9 through a first connecting plate 11; a horizontal grating ruler 41 is arranged beside the support frame assembly 5 side by side, and a reading head 42 of the horizontal grating ruler is connected with the support frame assembly 5, as shown in fig. 9.
The motion direction conversion assembly 39 comprises a first flange 30, a mounting frame 36, a contact type displacement sensor 38, a vertical guide rail 34, a supporting plate 35, a contact 32, a spring 33, a tangent pressing block 37 and a protective shell 31, wherein the first flange 30 is connected with a reference rod 40, the mounting frame 36 is connected with the first flange 30, the contact type displacement sensor 38 and the reference rod 40 are coaxially arranged on the mounting frame 36, the contact type displacement sensor 38 is used for measuring axial displacement, the vertical guide rail 34 is arranged on the mounting frame 36, the supporting plate 35 is arranged on the vertical guide rail 34 in a penetrating way, the contact 32 is positioned above the supporting plate 35, the contact 32 is contacted with the inner wall of the cylinder 3 to be measured, the spring 33 is positioned below the supporting plate 35, the tangent pressing block 37 is connected with the lower end of the spring 33, the tangent pressing block 37 is contacted with the contact type displacement sensor 38, the protective shell 31 is coated outside the mounting frame 36, and the protective shell 31 is connected with the first flange 30. The spring 33 connected with the contact 32 is compressed and deformed under the pressure of the inner wall of the cylinder 3 to be measured, so that the tangent pressing block 37 connected with the spring 33 moves downwards, and the inclined surface of the tangent pressing block 37 drives the contact of the contact displacement sensor 38 to shrink inwards in the downward moving process, thereby indirectly measuring the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder 3 to be measured and the reference.
As shown in fig. 1, a carbon fiber fixing bracket 2 is fixed on a large supporting platform 7, and a vertical lifting sliding table 9 is placed at the left end of the fixing bracket 2. The first single-wire rail sliding table 15 with large travel and radial movement is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the fixed support 2 and parallel to the tabletop of the large support platform 7, and the second single-wire rail sliding table 16 with small travel is arranged on the sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table 15 with large travel. The rear side of the first single-line rail sliding table 15 moving in the radial direction with a large stroke is provided with a first grating ruler 14 with a medium range, and a reading head 18 of the first grating ruler is connected with a sliding block on the first single-line rail sliding table 15 through a second connecting plate 17 and is used for collecting the moving amount of the sliding block on the first single-line rail sliding table 15. A laser displacement sensor 20 is mounted on the slide block of the second single-track sliding table 16 with small travel, and the laser displacement sensor 20 is used for measuring the distance between the outer surface of the cylinder 3 and the laser emission point. The conveyer belt 6 is positioned on the small supporting platform 4 and the large supporting platform 7, and horizontal moving guide rails 29 arranged on profile frames on two sides of the conveyer belt are connected with the supporting frame assembly 5 through guide rail sliding blocks 28 and used for restraining the movement of the guiding supporting frame assembly 5. The support frame assembly 5 is provided with a clamping cylinder 21, a pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26, a driving motor 24 and an auxiliary support rod 27. The two auxiliary supporting rods 27 are connected with the supporting frame assembly 5 through a left bearing block 43 and a right bearing block 49 fixed on the supporting frame assembly 5, on which the rotating friction wheel 23 is placed. The pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26 is positioned at the right end of the supporting frame assembly 5 and is connected with the driving motor 24 through the synchronous belt 25. The rotary friction wheel 23 on the auxiliary support rod 27 bears the weight of the cylinder 3 to be measured while being driven to rotate by the cylinder 3 to be measured through friction force. The clamping rollers 22 are connected to the clamping cylinders 21 on two sides of the middle of the cylinder 3, and the clamping rollers 22 are contacted with the surface of the cylinder 3 to be tested under the action of the auxiliary supporting rods 27 to stop the rotation of the cylinder 3 to be tested. As shown in fig. 9, a wide-range horizontal grating ruler 41 is arranged at the rear end of the square frame 44, and a reading head 42 of the horizontal grating ruler is connected with the support frame assembly 5 through a connecting plate so as to move together.
At the beginning of measurement, the cylinder 3 to be measured is sleeved on the 4 rotary friction wheels 23, the larger end of the cylinder 3 to be measured is arranged at the left side of the measuring head of the laser displacement sensor, and the smaller end of the cylinder 3 to be measured is arranged in the middle of the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26. At the beginning of the movement, the three-jaw chuck 26 is contracted in latch, thereby clamping the cylinder 3 to be measured. The conveyer belt 6 moves the cylinder 3 to be measured to the left to a set distance by driving the supporting frame assembly 5 to move, and the recording of the coordinate values in the length direction is performed by the horizontal grating ruler 41 connected with the supporting frame assembly 5. The angular value in the circumferential direction is recorded by an angular encoder on the drive motor 24. The upper laser displacement sensor 20 and the lower movement direction conversion component 39 measure the distance of the inner wall and the outer wall of the cylinder 3 to be measured in the vertical direction, the PLC at the controller 1 collects data once every 10 milliseconds, and the instant thickness data is calculated through an algorithm. In the horizontal feeding process of the cylinder 3 to be measured, the wide-range horizontal grating ruler 41 records the moving distance, the laser displacement sensor 20 and the moving direction conversion assembly 39 work cooperatively to obtain thickness data, the thickness prediction in the whole length direction is completed, and the thickness condition of the pipe wall and the corresponding coordinate position in the length direction are primarily determined. And calculating the maximum value, the minimum value and the intermediate value of the wall thickness data according to the data measured for the first time, and finding out the corresponding position coordinate value. Then, the conveyor belt 6 drives the cylinder 3 to be measured to retreat to the coordinates of the maximum value, the minimum value and the intermediate value, and the rotary driving motor 24 drives the pneumatic three-jaw chuck 26 to rotate, so that circumferential measurement of three positions is completed. During the circumferential movement, the angle encoder cooperates with the laser displacement sensor 20 and the movement direction conversion assembly 39 to perform thickness measurement in the circumferential direction, and to calculate and record the thickness value at the corresponding angle. After the movement is completed, the conveyor belt 6 conveys the carriage assembly 5 to the movement initial position.
The wall thickness measuring module of the cylinder 3 to be measured is provided with a laser displacement sensor 20 and a movement direction conversion assembly 39, which are used for measuring the distance between the inside and the outside of the cylinder 3 to be measured, and a contact type displacement sensor 38 is arranged in the movement direction conversion assembly 39. When the wall thickness measuring module is installed, the contact 32 on the moving direction conversion assembly 39 is vertically placed, and then the position of the laser displacement sensor 20 is adjusted so that the laser vertically irradiates on the center point of the contact. An electronic dial gauge 12 is provided as a backup optional measuring tool for temporarily replacing the laser displacement sensor 20 to measure the off-cylinder distance in the event of a failure of the laser displacement sensor 20. A second single track slide 16 is provided for horizontal adjustment for moving the electronic dial gauge 12 and adjusting the upper laser displacement sensor 20 in the horizontal direction. A second single-track slide 16 of small travel is provided for adjusting the radial measuring displacement of the laser displacement sensor 20 relative to the cylinder 3 to be measured. The end of the reference rod 40 is provided with a vertical lifting sliding table 9 which is vertically lifted and used for adjusting the position of the reference rod 40 in the vertical direction. The small-range vertical grating ruler 8 is arranged on one side of the double-track vertical lifting sliding table 9 and is used for immediately recording the moving distance of the reference rod 40 relative to the reference vertical direction. During data processing, the primary installation position of the reference rod 40 is taken as a reference, namely, the 0 scale. The PLC stores the distance data and calculates the instantaneous height coordinate value of the reference bar 40. As shown in fig. 2, the vertical lifting sliding table 9 comprises a double-track ball screw, a stepping motor, a double-guide rod and a fixed bracket.
As shown in fig. 10, the measuring method for the wall thickness measuring device of the small-inner-diameter large-length cylinder structure of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) After the assembly is completed, selecting a proper position between a luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and a contact of the motion direction conversion assembly, and placing a standard measuring block with the thickness of 5 mm; the appropriate position must satisfy the following conditions: the standard block after being placed is horizontally upwards, the angle deviation is not more than 3 degrees, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the standard block after being placed are required to be within the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor and the contact displacement sensor;
(2) Measuring the distance between the luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and the upper surface of the standard block, wherein the measured data is recorded as X 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring the distance between the contact of the motion direction conversion component and the lower surface of the standard block, wherein the measured data is recorded as X 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The initial value X of the distance between the luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and the contact of the movement direction conversion assembly 0 =X 1 +X 2 +5;
(3) A point is selected as a mark point in the measured area of the cylinder to be measured, the accurate value of the wall thickness of the cylinder to be measured at the mark point is recorded, and the value is recorded as Y;
(4) After clamping the cylinder to be testedThe support frame component drives the cylinder to be tested to move along the conveying belt until the light emitting spot of the laser displacement sensor is positioned above the marking point, the distance value between the laser displacement sensor and the outer wall of the cylinder at the moment is recorded, and the deformation of the contact type displacement sensor in the cylinder is recorded and respectively recorded as x 1 And x 2 Then the wall thickness value Y is measured 0 =X 0 -(x 1 +x 2 );
(5) Calculating a systematic error value, i.e. systematic error value delta=y 0 -Y;
(6) Adjusting a distance calculation formula in the PLC to remove the influence of a systematic error, and then measuring the actual wall thickness value epsilon=X of the cylinder to be measured 0 -δ-(μ 1 +μ 2 ) Mu at this time 1 Sum mu 2 Representing the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the outer wall of the cylinder and the deformation amount of the contact displacement sensor in the cylinder respectively. The processing and calculation of the real-time data are completed in the PLC in the controller 1, and the calculation result can be displayed at a touch screen on the master console.
The wall thickness of the cylinder 3 to be measured is measured, and the measuring sensor adopts a high-precision laser displacement sensor 20, so that the measuring error is reduced in the measuring device part, and the measuring device mainly comprises an external laser displacement sensor 20, an internal contact displacement sensor 38 and a movement direction conversion assembly 39. The contact displacement sensor 38 measures the bobbin inner wall distance change and the laser displacement sensor 20 or electronic dial gauge 12 measures at the outer surface of the tube wall. The base point return mechanism is set in consideration of the possibility that the reference lever 40 changes in height to cause the object to be measured to go beyond the measurement intervals of the laser displacement sensor 20 and the contact displacement sensor 38. The principle of the base point return mechanism is as follows: after the measurement device is installed, the small-range vertical grating scale 8 records the height of the reference rod 40 at this time as the origin of coordinates 0. After the single measurement is completed, the PLC judges the current height of the reference rod 40, and if the value of the current small-range vertical grating ruler 8 is 0, the reference rod 40 does not move; if the current value of the small-range vertical grating ruler 8 is not 0, the vertical lifting sliding table 9 drives the reference rod 40 to move up and down until the reading of the small-range vertical grating ruler 8 is 0.
The wall thickness measurement of the cylinder 3 to be measured has a movement direction conversion assembly 39. As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, it is located in front of the reference bar 40 and is composed of a contact displacement sensor 38, a spring 33, a support plate 35, a contact 32, and a vertical guide 34. A contact displacement sensor 38 is positioned at the front center hole of the reference rod 40 for measuring axial displacement. In the vertical direction of contact with the sensor contacts, radial contact means are provided, which are, in order from top to bottom, the contact 32, the spring 33 and the tangential press 37. During the measurement, the spring connected with the contact 32 is compressed and deformed under the pressure of the inner wall of the cylinder 3 to be measured, so that the tangential press block 37 with the lower end connected with the spring 33 moves downwards. Because the bottom of the tangent pressing block 37 has an inclined angle of 63.5 degrees and tan is 63.5 degrees approximately equal to 2 (the error is within the allowable range), each time the tangent pressing block 37 moves downwards by 2mm, the contact of the contact displacement sensor is driven to shrink inwards by 1mm, and the contact lifting height at the position can be calculated according to the expansion and contraction numerical value of the contact displacement sensor, so that the variation of the inner wall of the cylinder 3 to be measured is obtained. And because the measuring interval of the contact displacement sensor is 10-20mm, the measuring range is only 10mm. After the inclination angle of 63.5 degrees is enlarged, the range of the internal measuring device is enlarged to 20mm. The reason for incorporating the movement direction switching assembly 39 is that the cylinder 3 to be measured has a small outer diameter, and the deployment of the measurement in the cross-sectional direction is difficult. By adding this device, the displacement of the contact 32 in the vertical direction can be converted into the expansion and contraction amount of the contact displacement sensor 38 in the horizontal direction. The whole movement direction conversion component 39 is fixed at the front part of the reference rod 40 through bolts, and the purpose of the device is to solve the problem that the thickness variation is slightly large due to the small inner diameter of the cylinder 3 to be measured by increasing the measuring range.
The device also comprises: the rotary friction wheel 23, the driving motor 24 and the synchronous belt 25 are used for driving the cylinder 3 to be tested to rotate for 360 degrees; the conveying belt 6 is used for moving the cylinder 3 to be tested in the horizontal length direction; the horizontal workbench, the fixed frame 2, the reference rod 40, the clamp and the like; and the Hall sensor, the grating ruler and other auxiliary positioning devices. When the first measurement is started, the cylinder 3 to be measured is placed at the measuring head of the laser displacement sensor by an operator, and the large end of the cylinder 3 to be measured is passed over a part of the measuring head. The conveying belt 6 conveys the cylinder 3 to the left to move to each surface to be measured, the whole length prediction is completed, and meanwhile, the driving motor can drive the cylinder 3 to be measured to rotate 360 degrees to realize circumferential measurement. After the cylinder 3 to be measured is placed on a workbench and positioned, after the measurement workload begins, the synchronous belt 2 driven by the driving motor 24 transmits motion to the transmission shaft, the friction wheel on the transmission shaft rotates, the pipe body rotates and locks at any angle in 360 degrees of circumference, the two groups of rotating friction wheels 23 on two sides rotate the cylinder to be measured, and one circumferential measurement of one position is completed once every rotation. The datum bar 40 and the fixed support 2 are made of marble, and the small support platform 4 and the large support platform 7 are precise and uniform in structure and good in stability. High strength and high hardness. And has: the stainless steel has the advantages of acid and alkali resistance, no magnetization, no deformation, good wear resistance and the like. Can be kept stable under heavy load and general temperature; because the cylinder 3 to be measured is cylindrical in shape, small in diameter and large in length, a carbon fiber molded reference rod 40 is additionally arranged in the cylinder 3 to be measured. The device has higher strength, rigidity and smaller mass, reduces the load bearing of the vertical movement sliding table, improves the stability of the movement process, and can finish the bearing work of partial weight while measuring the cylinder 3 to be measured. By adopting the two materials, partial errors in the measuring process can be reduced, so that the measuring precision is improved. The reference rod 40 is arranged on the vertical lifting sliding table 9, the appearance of the reference rod 40 is square at the tail end, the middle front end is a cylindrical hollow long rod, and cable lines in the measuring module are led out from the center long hole of the reference rod 40.
In the thickness measurement process of the cylinder 3 to be measured, a scheme of combining rolling and braking is adopted. As shown in fig. 4, when the circumferential measurement of the cylinder 3 to be measured is completed, stopping means are provided on both sides of the cylinder 3 to be measured in order to ensure that the cylinder 3 to be measured can effectively stop rotating. The working principle is as follows: when the circumferential measurement is completed, the control system sends a signal to the clamping cylinder 21. The clamping roller 22 fixed at the front end of the extension rod of the clamping cylinder 21 gradually approaches the cylinder 3 to be tested under the action of the clamping roller until the cylinder is contacted with the cylinder. The cylinder 3 to be measured is rapidly stopped from rotating by the frictional force imparted by the pinch roller 22. A grating ruler is additionally arranged at the position of the horizontally moving conveyor belt 6 and the vertical lifting sliding table 9 which vertically moves, and an angle encoder is arranged at the rotation center line of the driving motor 24. This measure can effectively improve the accuracy in the measurement process, and is expressed in: the grating ruler can accurately sense the motion quantity of the conveying belt driving the cylinder 3 to be tested in the horizontal direction; the angle encoder can accurately measure the rotation angle of the synchronous belt 25 driving the cylinder 3 to be measured. The two are matched with each other, so that the actual thickness of the cylinder 3 to be measured at each linear coordinate and at each angle in the feeding process can be accurately obtained.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent changes can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all such equivalent changes belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a be used for little internal diameter long length section of thick bamboo class structure wall thickness measuring device which characterized in that: the device comprises a controller (1), a supporting platform, a transmission belt (6) positioned on the supporting platform, a support frame assembly (5) positioned on the transmission belt and used for driving a cylinder (3) to be tested to horizontally move and rotate around a circumferential direction, a fixed support (2) positioned on the supporting platform, a first single-wire rail sliding table (15) horizontally arranged on the fixed support, a vertical lifting sliding table (9) vertically arranged on the supporting platform, a second single-wire rail sliding table (16) vertically arranged and connected with a sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table, a laser displacement sensor (20) connected with the sliding block of the second single-wire rail sliding table and aligned with the cylinder to be tested, a reference rod (40) coaxially arranged with the cylinder to be tested and extending into the cylinder to be tested, and a moving direction conversion assembly (39) positioned at the right end of the reference rod and used for detecting the wall thickness of the cylinder to be tested in a matched mode with the laser displacement sensor (20).
2. The wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter large length cylinder type structures according to claim 1, wherein: the motion direction conversion assembly (39) comprises a first flange (30) connected with a reference rod (40), a mounting frame (36) connected with the first flange, a contact displacement sensor (38) coaxially arranged on the mounting frame and used for measuring axial displacement, a vertical guide rail (34) arranged on the mounting frame, a supporting plate (35) penetrating through the vertical guide rail, a contact (32) positioned above the supporting plate and contacted with the inner wall of the cylinder to be tested, a spring (33) positioned below the supporting plate, a tangent pressing block (37) connected with the lower end of the spring and contacted with the contact displacement sensor, and a protective shell (31); the spring connected with the contact is compressed and deformed under the pressure of the inner wall of the cylinder to be measured, so that the tangent pressing block connected with the spring moves downwards, and the inclined surface of the tangent pressing block drives the contact of the contact displacement sensor to shrink inwards in the downward moving process, thereby indirectly measuring the distance between the inner wall of the cylinder to be measured and the reference.
3. The wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter large length cylinder type structures according to claim 1, wherein: the support frame assembly (5) comprises a square frame (44), a longitudinal support rod (45) longitudinally arranged along the square frame, a first transverse support rod (46) transversely arranged at the right end of the square frame and a second transverse support rod (47) transversely arranged at the left end of the square frame, the longitudinal support rod (45) is provided with a clamping driving assembly for clamping a cylinder to be tested and driving the cylinder to be tested, the first transverse support rod (46) and the second transverse support rod (47) are erected with clamping roller assemblies for guiding the cylinder to be tested to rotate, and the square frame (44) is provided with a stopping assembly for stopping the rotation of the cylinder to be tested.
4. A wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter long length tubular structures as defined in claim 3, wherein: the clamping driving assembly comprises a chuck base (48) positioned on the longitudinal supporting rod (45), an air three-jaw chuck (26) positioned on the chuck base and used for clamping the cylinder to be tested, a driving motor (24) positioned on the chuck base and a synchronous belt (25) connected with an output shaft of the driving motor and used for driving the air three-jaw chuck to rotate.
5. A wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter long length tubular structures as defined in claim 3, wherein: the clamping roller assembly comprises a pair of right bearing seats (49) symmetrically arranged on the first transverse supporting rod, a pair of left bearing seats (43) symmetrically arranged on the second transverse supporting rod, auxiliary supporting rods (27) penetrating through the right bearing seats (49) and the left bearing seats (43) and rotating friction wheels (23) penetrating through the auxiliary supporting rods.
6. A wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter long length tubular structures as defined in claim 3, wherein: the stop assembly comprises clamping cylinders (21) symmetrically arranged on two sides of the cylinder to be tested, and clamping rollers (22) which are arranged on output shafts of the clamping cylinders and are oppositely arranged.
7. The wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter large length cylinder type structures according to claim 1, wherein: and the sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table (15) is connected with an electronic dial gauge (12) for determining a reference zero point.
8. The wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter large length cylinder type structures according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed support (2) is provided with a first grating ruler (14) parallel to the first single-wire rail sliding table (15), and a reading head (18) of the first grating ruler is connected with a sliding block of the first single-wire rail sliding table (15).
9. The wall thickness measuring device for small inner diameter large length cylinder type structures according to claim 1, wherein: a vertical grating ruler (8) is arranged beside the vertical lifting sliding table (9) side by side, and a reading head (10) of the vertical grating ruler is connected with a sliding block of the vertical lifting sliding table (9); the side of the support frame component (5) is provided with a horizontal grating ruler (41) side by side, and a reading head (42) of the horizontal grating ruler is connected with the support frame component (5).
10. A measuring method for a wall thickness measuring device for a small inner diameter long length cylindrical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
after the assembly is completed, selecting a proper position between a luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and a contact of the motion direction conversion assembly, and placing a standard measuring block with the thickness of m; the appropriate position must satisfy the following conditions: the standard block after being placed is horizontally upwards, the angle deviation is not more than 3 degrees, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the standard block after being placed are required to be within the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor and the contact displacement sensor;
measuring the distance between the luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and the upper surface of the standard block, wherein the measured data is recorded as X 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measuring the distance between the contact of the motion direction conversion component and the lower surface of the standard block, wherein the measured data is recorded as X 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The initial value X of the distance between the luminous point of the laser displacement sensor and the contact of the movement direction conversion assembly 0 =X 1 +X 2 +m;
A point is selected as a mark point in the measured area of the cylinder to be measured, the accurate value of the wall thickness of the cylinder to be measured at the mark point is recorded, and the value is recorded as Y;
after clamping the cylinder to be tested, the support frame assembly drives the cylinder to be tested to move along the conveying belt until the light emitting spot of the laser displacement sensor is positioned above the marking point, the distance value between the laser displacement sensor and the outer wall of the cylinder at the moment is recorded, and the deformation of the contact type displacement sensor in the cylinder is recorded and respectively recorded as x 1 And x 2 Then the wall thickness value Y is measured 0 =X 0 -(x 1 +x 2 );
Calculating a systematic error value, i.e. systematic error value delta=y 0 -Y;
Adjusting a distance calculation formula in the PLC to remove the influence of a systematic error, and then measuring the actual wall thickness value epsilon=X of the cylinder to be measured 0 -δ-(μ 1 +μ 2 ) Mu at this time 1 Sum mu 2 Representing the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the outer wall of the cylinder and the deformation amount of the contact displacement sensor in the cylinder respectively.
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CN117490619A (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-02-02 | 金乡县万福食品机械有限公司 | Handle shearing cylinder and cylindrical surface detection device and control method thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN117490619A (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-02-02 | 金乡县万福食品机械有限公司 | Handle shearing cylinder and cylindrical surface detection device and control method thereof |
CN117490619B (en) * | 2024-01-02 | 2024-03-15 | 金乡县万福食品机械有限公司 | Handle shearing cylinder and cylindrical surface detection device and control method thereof |
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