CN101586953A - Apparatus for measuring radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine - Google Patents
Apparatus for measuring radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101586953A CN101586953A CNA200910086929XA CN200910086929A CN101586953A CN 101586953 A CN101586953 A CN 101586953A CN A200910086929X A CNA200910086929X A CN A200910086929XA CN 200910086929 A CN200910086929 A CN 200910086929A CN 101586953 A CN101586953 A CN 101586953A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the precision measuring technology field, and relates to an apparatus for measuring the radial heat distortion amount of a high-temperature rotor of a steam turbine, comprising a rotor, a computer system, an air source, a air-float guide way, a displacement measurement system, a measuring rod and a measuring force generating mechanism, wherein the air source is used for supplying the gas for the air-float guide way, a movable part and the measuring rod are connected together and are on one horizontal plane with the center line of the rotor and are perpendicular each other, the displacement measurement system is used for measuring the displacement amount of the movable part, a computer system is used for collecting and processing data. The invention first proposes that the air-float guide way is used in the guide mechanism of measuring apparatus for the radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine, the self-heat-radiation characteristic is used for eliminating the locking phenomenon of the guide mechanism caused the high temperature in the measuring environment, the whole measuring can be realized, the measuring amount can be accurately transferred, the measuring system error is reduced, the error caused by the artificial reading is eliminated, the apparatus can be widely used in the measuring apparatus of the heat stability of the rotor of the steam turbine.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of measuring technique of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine radial heat distortion, belongs to the Technology of Precision Measurement field, can be widely used in the part thermal stability measurement mechanisms such as rotator shaft class.
Technical background
Turbine rotor is the core component of Steam Turbine, it is usually operated under the condition of high temperature (600 ℃), high pressure (25MPa) and high rotating speed (3000r/min), the crudy of turbine rotor and thermal stability directly influence operational efficiency, safety case, vibration characteristics and the serviceable life of steam turbine unit, and its safety, economical operation are extremely important.
The real-time monitoring of rotor radial deflection and the measurement of thermal deformation parameter are committed step and the difficult point places in the turbine rotor heat stabilization test.During the turbine rotor heat stabilization test, rotor and experimental situation temperature be up to 600 ℃, and rotor is closed in the experimental furnace, brought great difficulty for the real-time measurement of rotor radial deflection.
Domestic enterprise mainly contains two kinds to the measuring method of turbine rotor radial-deformation at present: sounding rod directly guides method and lever construction guiding method.Sounding rod directly guides the method principle as shown in Figure 1, is complete hand dipping scheme with reference to US Westinghouse company's eighties, and testing crew utilizes sounding rod 5 that measured size is guided to outside the experimental furnace 14, measures the manual record measurement result with micrometer gauge 15 again.This method measuring error is big, and the result is unreliable; If sounding rod and guiding mechanism tolerance clearance are big, sounding rod can produce beat, brings error to measurement, but, if reduce spacing, sounding rod and guiding mechanism can produce locking phenomenon owing to material heats up to expand again in measuring process, cause measuring and can't normally carry out.Lever construction guiding method principle as shown in Figure 2, this method is utilized leverage 16 that measured size is directed into experimental furnace 14 external application micrometer gauges 15 and is measured, this method structure is directly more reliable with sounding rod, but it is dumb, be difficult to adapt to the measurement under the multiple rotor different-diameter condition, lever and workpiece contact site are easy to wear after long-term the use.
Because steam turbine technology is strongly professional, the manufacturing cost height, the enterprise that makes steam turbine both at home and abroad is less relatively, and the turbine rotor radial-deformation real-time monitoring system of special development does not almost have.Device and the scheme of measuring the radial dimension variation of turning round the class workpiece are but comparatively general, traditional axle center basic taper method, vee-block method and genuine standard are arranged, the technology of measurement automatically that can realize of being come by these method development is also arranged, Pneumatic non-contact large-scale metrology technology for example, measure the laser scanning non-contact measurement method of large revolving body class part shape error, trigonometry Optical Non contact Measurement Technology etc.
Axle center benchmark ratio juris is that measured piece or mircrometer gauge revolve with revolving shaft and turn around, and records the cross section profile of workpiece, then someways or several method remove to evaluate deviation from circular from.Be developed into multiple axle center method roundness measuring equipment both at home and abroad, this quasi-instrument is easy to use, measuring accuracy height, the workpiece cross section profile graph direct that draws, but cost an arm and a leg, certain limitation is also arranged during use.Under the experiment condition of this special high temperature closure of rotor heat stabilization test, existing roundness measuring equipment can't operate as normal.
The measuring principle of vee-block method is placed on rotation on the vee-block 18 with axle 17 to be measured as shown in Figure 3, with the radial variations amount that micrometer gauge 15 is read axle 17 to be measured, calculates then and provides the result.This method is simple, do not need benchmark, thereby the error that does not also just have benchmark and brought, owing to belong to sliding friction between axle to be measured and the vee-block, rotate the measurement meeting for a long time the two is all produced wearing and tearing, significant discomfort is closed the long-time measurement of big weight measured piece.
Genuine standard develops from the vee-block method, is widely used like that though be not so good as the axle center basic taper method, at home and abroad all uses.Be characterized in not existing the errors of principles or the fiducial error of instrument, can obtain higher measuring accuracy, but have the shortcoming identical with the vee-block method.
Detection technique research institute of instrument and meter institute of HeFei University of Technology has proposed Pneumatic non-contact large-scale metrology technology, has been successfully applied to the train wheel cost detection line of wheel-tyre branch office of Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd development.Its measuring system structural representation as shown in Figure 4, source of the gas 1 provides the voltage stabilizing air-flow, pneumoelectric sensor 20 and wheel-tyre 19 are maintained a certain distance, during wheel-tyre 19 change in radius, distance between pneumoelectric sensor 20 and the wheel-tyre 19 changes, computer system 8 is handled the signal that pneumoelectric sensor 20 transmits, computer system 8 control motors 21 drive servo-actuated topworks 22 and produce corresponding displacement to keep the distance between pneumoelectric sensor 20 and the wheel-tyre 19 constant, displacement transducer 23 is measured the displacement that servo-actuated topworks 22 produces, this displacement is the radial deformation amount of wheel-tyre 19, this method belongs to noncontacting measurement, can not damage the surface of wheel-tyre.But the working temperature of pneumatic transmitter has certain limitation, so this measuring method is applicable to the detection to the normal temperature workpiece, and for the high temperature measurement environment, because the physical property of gas can change a lot, the measuring accuracy of pneumatic transmitter can't guarantee, and the processes that two sections obvious intensifications arranged in rotor heat stabilization test process and lower the temperature, the variation of gas property will be introduced very big error in the process of temperature variation, can't satisfy the requirement of high-acruracy survey, thereby this method is not suitable for being applied in the turbine rotor heat stabilization test.
The laser scanning noncontact measuring method of measuring large revolving body class part shape error utilizes slit that the intensity modulation of passing through to produce with blocking of scanning light beam is used for realizing measuring.Its measuring principle as shown in Figure 5, laser instrument 25 shoot lasers are to the scanning mirror 24 that rotates, form scanning light beam 28 through lens 26 refraction backs, optical window 27 forms slit with axle to be measured 17 edges, when laser carries out high-speed and continuous scanning to slit, just form an optical intensity modulation signal, this signal carries measured features relevant information.
Note optical window constant 30 is H, and slit width 29 (measured characteristic parameter) is h, if the workpiece circumference evenly is divided into m calibration, then Dui Ying i radius is
R
i＝H-h
i i＝1，2，3，………，m
After measuring m radius R, can find out maximum radius R
MaxRadius R with minimum
MinLike this, according to the circularity definition, can provide roundness error by following formula
f＝R
max-R
min
This measuring method precision height can be realized the effective measurement to shaft-like workpiece circularity, but because scanning optics is very responsive to disturbing factors such as measures ambient temperature, vibrations, thereby this method can not be used for the workshop in-site measurement.
The trigonometry Optical Non contact Measurement Technology is in miniaturization, at a high speed, high precision, aspects such as noncontact show stronger superiority, the ultimate principle of triangle photo measure method as shown in Figure 6, the light beam that laser instrument 25 sends shines on the measured surface 33 through lamp optical system 38, diffusing of measured surface 33 is imaged on the photoelectronic imaging device 31 through image-forming objective lens 36, when measured surface 33 is toward or away from image-forming objective lens 36, the position of imaging luminous point will produce transversal displacement on photoelectronic imaging device 31, just can try to achieve measured surface 33 change in displacement by the change in displacement that detects its picture point.Note photoelectronic imaging device 31 is d with the image distance 32 of image-forming objective lens 36
1The spot displacement 34 of the light beam that laser instrument 25 sends on measured surface 33 is Δ x, in the measuring process on the photoelectronic imaging device 31 imaging spot displacement 35 be δ, the angle of the optical axis direction of light beam that laser instrument 25 sends and image-forming objective lens 36 37 is θ, the displacement 38 of measured surface 33 is Δ z.Can get Δ z and δ, θ and d by geometrical optics calculating
1Between the pass be:
Δz＝Δx?cotθ＝δθ/(d
1tanθ-δ)
This relation is non-linear.In triangulation, can farthest obtain linear measurement result by dwindling measurement range.But because the turbine rotor heat stabilization test must finish in heating furnace, the triangle light measurement system is placed on the needs that stove can not satisfy measurement range outward again as then can not bear 600 ℃ high temperature in stove, therefore also can't satisfy the environmental requirement of measurement.
HeFei University of Technology has introduced mechanical vision inspection technology in hot rolling wheel detection system and train wheel in rail is measured, utilize laser line generator to project on the tested surface, take the zone of containing the laser bright line by left and right sides ccd video camera, through Flame Image Process, coordinate transform, curve matching, finally obtain complete contour curve, and calculate the circularity of tested surface, still, laser instrument and ccd video camera can't be under 600 ℃ high temperature operate as normal, the method can not at high temperature be used.
Oblique ray is taken at the circular output pattern that fiber end face forms with digital camera by Nanjing Information engineering Univ, obtains the corresponding bitmap format ring of light, and the interior outer edge that uses digital image processing techniques to take out the ring of light is again handled, and calculates fiber end face circularity.Its measurement mechanism is simple, and is not high to environment requirement, can carry out in the production scene, and measuring accuracy can reach the level of existing method and can obtain result on some current off-the-shelf software platforms.Under the favorably situated situation of optical system, the measuring accuracy of this method depends on the precision of image pixel resolution and gray shade scale quantification.This method is applicable to the measurement of end face circularity, but the circularity in the cross section between obviously can not the measurement axis both ends of the surface.
Wuhan University of Technology cement rotary kiln center has proposed a kind of On-line Measuring Method and device of rotary kiln ovality, its principle of work is as shown in Figure 7: magnet leg 41 is adsorbed on cylindrical shell 40 surfaces, pole 42 connects magnet leg 41 and table top 43 and supports whole device, during measurement, magnet leg 41 rotates with cylindrical shell 40 but keeps measurement mechanism motionless; Simultaneously, range finder using laser 44 is ceaselessly with the distance between certain frequency measurement table top 43 and cylindrical shell 40 surfaces, and the data that measure are sent to computer system 8 carry out data processing, draws ovality and makes correlation analysis.Belong between the measurement mechanism of this measuring method and the cylindrical shell and be rigidly connected, easily vibration in rotation, measuring accuracy is relatively poor.And range finder using laser also can't be under so high temperature operate as normal.
In addition, Japan adopts the circularity of many gauge heads method by the optical sensor measuring workpieces; Britain has developed a kind of accurate roundness measuring system, has realized the contactless roundness measurement on axisymmetric body surface, but these methods can't detect the radial heat distortion that is in the high temperature large revolving body spare in the closed environment.
The gas lubrication technology has been a very proven technique at present, and has a large amount of gas bearing, guide rail to drop into to use and obtained good effect.The principle of work of gas lubrication technology is to pass to gases at high pressure between two surfaces of moving relatively, make and separate the two and lubricate during relative motion between the two, substantially each parts produces or the heat that brought by them for taking away of having eliminated not only between two moving components that friction but also flow air can also not stop, the temperature of gas bearing or each parts of guide rail is all remained near the temperature value of gas lubricant, thereby and produce better radiating effect by the flow that special design can also add atmospheric, this just gives and solves the problem of being brought by the high temperature measurement environment extraordinary thinking is provided.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is high temperature and the particular surroundings of body of heater sealing and the specific (special) requirements of on shop production line, carrying out long-time experiment with measuring, propose a kind of measurement mechanism of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine at the turbine rotor heat stabilization test.The present invention utilizes air-float guide rail to lead, when guaranteeing the guiding accuracy, utilize the air-float guide rail inflatable to eliminate the locking phenomenon of the guiding mechanism that causes by high temperature from the characteristic of heat radiation, measurement can normally be carried out, and the deflection that will be enclosed in the heating furnace internal rotor nondestructively extracts the realization precision measurement.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
The measurement mechanism of a kind of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1.This measurement mechanism comprises rotor, computer system, also comprises source of the gas, air-float guide rail, ergometry generating mechanism, moving part, sounding rod and displacement measurement system; Wherein source of the gas is connected with air-float guide rail and is the air-float guide rail air feed, moving part and sounding rod link together, and the center line of the two is on same straight line, the ergometry generating mechanism produces ergometry directly contacts sounding rod all the time with the measured surface of rotor, the center line of sounding rod intersects with the centre of rotor line and is vertical, displacement measurement system is measured the displacement of moving part, and computer system is from displacement measurement system image data and processes and displays.
Air-float guide rail can be enclosed can also be semienclosed or open.
Air-float guide rail can also be the gas bearing that can produce straight-line displacement.
Moving part and sounding rod can also be one.
Beneficial effect:
1. propose air-float guide rail is used for the guiding mechanism of the measurement mechanism of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine first, that utilizes air-float guide rail has eliminated the locking phenomenon of the guiding mechanism that is caused by the high temperature in the measurement environment from heat dissipation characteristics, can realize omnidistance the measurement;
2. utilize the no rubbing characteristics of air-float guide rail farthest to reduce the rotor radial variation, guaranteed the rotor radial variable quantity accurately, the harmless transmission, reduced system errors for measurement;
3. utilize the no rubbing characteristics of guide rail, the size of can detection measuring one's own ability had both guaranteed directly to contact all the time between sounding rod and the rotor, had reduced the measurement vibration of bar that is caused by between the two friction force again greatly;
4. utilize the high linearity and the high rigidity of air-float guide rail, reduced of the influence of the side-sway of sounding rod greatly measuring accuracy;
5. adopt computer system acquisition process data, eliminated the error that artificial reading brings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 directly guides the measuring principle synoptic diagram of method for sounding rod;
Fig. 2 is the measuring principle synoptic diagram of lever construction guiding method;
Fig. 3 is the measuring principle synoptic diagram of vee-block method;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of Pneumatic non-contact large-scale metrology system;
Fig. 5 is the measuring principle synoptic diagram of laser scanning noncontact measuring method;
Fig. 6 is the measuring principle synoptic diagram of triangle photo measure method;
Fig. 7 is the On-line Measuring Method of rotary kiln ovality and the principle of work synoptic diagram of device;
Fig. 8 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention;
Wherein: the 1-source of the gas, the 2-air-float guide rail, 3-ergometry generating mechanism, the 4-moving part, the 5-sounding rod, the 6-rotor, the 7-displacement measurement system, the 8-computer system, 9-moving part fixture, the 10-extension spring, 11-guide rail sleeve fixture, the 12-guide rail sleeve, the 13-web member, the 14-experimental furnace, the 15-micrometer gauge, the 16-leverage, 17-axle to be measured, 18-V shape piece, the 19-wheel-tyre, 20-pneumoelectric sensor, the 21-motor, 22-servo-actuated topworks, the 23-displacement transducer, the 24-scanning mirror, the 25-laser instrument, the 26-lens, the 27-optical window, the 28-scanning light beam, the 29-slit width, 30-optical window constant, 31-photoelectronic imaging device, the 32-image distance, the 33-measured surface, the 34-spot displacement, 35-imaging spot displacement, the 36-image-forming objective lens, the 37-angle, the 38-lamp optical system, 39-measured surface displacement, the 40-cylindrical shell, 41-magnet leg, 42-pole, the 43-table top, the 44-range finder using laser.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Basic thought of the present invention be utilize air-float guide rail eliminate the locking phenomenon of the guiding mechanism that causes by high temperature from heat dissipation characteristics, measurement can normally be carried out; Utilize the no friction of air-float guide rail and high linearity performance to guarantee the accuracy of guiding, with the deflection that is enclosed in the heating furnace internal rotor truly, nondestructively extract, utilize the computer system automatic data acquisition and processing then, realize precision measurement.
Embodiment
The structure of embodiments of the invention as shown in Figure 9, a kind of measurement mechanism of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine comprises rotor 6, computer system 8, source of the gas 1, air-float guide rail 2, displacement measurement system 7, guide rail sleeve 12, moving part 4, sounding rod 5, moving part fixture 9, extension spring 10, guide rail sleeve fixture 11 and web member 13; Wherein moving part 4 and sounding rod 5 link together by web member 13, and the central lines of the two, sounding rod 5 directly contacts with the measured surface of rotor 6, the center line of sounding rod 5 intersects with the center line of rotor 6 and is vertical, displacement measurement system 7 is measured the displacement of moving part 4, computer system 8 is from displacement measurement system 7 image data and processes and displays, moving part fixture 9 is fixed on the moving part 4, guide rail sleeve fixture 11 is fixed on the guide rail sleeve 12, and extension spring 10 is fixed between moving part fixture 9 and the guide rail sleeve fixture 11.
During use, lubricated gas enters air-float guide rail 2 by source of the gas 1, moving part 4 is friction free moving linearly vertically in guide rail sleeve 12 almost just, moving part 4 and sounding rod 5 are coupled together by web member 13, make sounding rod 5 keep directly contacting with rotor 6, and make extension spring 10 keep extended states to store certain pretightning force to make and measure guide bar 5 and remain directly in measuring process with turbine rotor 6 and contact, the radial-deformation of rotor 6 just is passed to moving part 4 by sounding rod 5, and the initial position that displacement measurement system 7 measures moving part 4 is a
11, record displacement a then successively
12, a
13..., a
1n, can obtain the variable quantity of radius in the one-shot measurement process of rotor 6,8 pairs of displacement measurement systems 7 of computer system rotate in weeks measured data at rotor 6 and handle, and can obtain the radial-deformation that rotor 6 is with in this measurements.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but these explanations can not be understood that to have limited scope of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is limited by the claims of enclosing, and any change on claim of the present invention basis all is protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the measurement mechanism of a radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine, comprise rotor (6), computer system (8), it is characterized in that: also comprise source of the gas (1), air-float guide rail (2), ergometry generating mechanism (3), moving part (4), sounding rod (5) and displacement measurement system (7); Wherein source of the gas (1) is connected with air-float guide rail (2) and is air-float guide rail (2) air feed, and moving part (4) and sounding rod (5) link together, and the central lines of the two; Ergometry generating mechanism (3) produces ergometry makes sounding rod (5) directly contact with the measured surface of rotor (6), the center line of sounding rod (5) intersects with the center line of rotor (6) and is vertical, displacement measurement system (7) is measured the displacement of moving part (4), and computer system (8) is from displacement measurement system (7) image data and processing.
2. according to the measurement mechanism of right 1 described a kind of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine, it is characterized in that: air-float guide rail (2) can be enclosed can also be semienclosed or open.
3. according to the measurement mechanism of right 1 described a kind of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine, it is characterized in that: air-float guide rail (2) can also be the gas bearing that can produce straight-line displacement.
4. according to the measurement mechanism of right 1 described a kind of radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine, it is characterized in that: it also can be one that moving part (4) and sounding rod (5) can link together by web member.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA200910086929XA CN101586953A (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Apparatus for measuring radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200910086929XA CN101586953A (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Apparatus for measuring radial heat distortion amount of high-temperature rotor of steam turbine |
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| CN101586953A true CN101586953A (en) | 2009-11-25 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102393334A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2012-03-28 | 宁波市产品质量监督检验研究院 | Thermal deformation detector |
| CN102706309A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏建华管桩有限公司 | Irregular rotating body detecting instrument and repair welding method employing same |
| CN103530441A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-01-22 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for three-dimensional modeling of steam turbine set through three-dimensional laser scanning technology |
| CN104655078A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-27 | 吴扬华 | Spindle bearing detection device adopting fan for heat dissipation and applied to steam turbine in power industry as well as detection method |
| CN106769005A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆理工大学 | Wet clutch hub fast state deflection test measurement method |
-
2009
- 2009-06-18 CN CNA200910086929XA patent/CN101586953A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102393334A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2012-03-28 | 宁波市产品质量监督检验研究院 | Thermal deformation detector |
| CN102706309A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-03 | 江苏建华管桩有限公司 | Irregular rotating body detecting instrument and repair welding method employing same |
| CN102706309B (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-05-20 | 江苏建华管桩有限公司 | Repair welding method employing irregular rotating body |
| CN103530441A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-01-22 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for three-dimensional modeling of steam turbine set through three-dimensional laser scanning technology |
| CN104655078A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-27 | 吴扬华 | Spindle bearing detection device adopting fan for heat dissipation and applied to steam turbine in power industry as well as detection method |
| CN106769005A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆理工大学 | Wet clutch hub fast state deflection test measurement method |
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