CN209765061U - Multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement - Google Patents
Multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN209765061U CN209765061U CN201822274373.4U CN201822274373U CN209765061U CN 209765061 U CN209765061 U CN 209765061U CN 201822274373 U CN201822274373 U CN 201822274373U CN 209765061 U CN209765061 U CN 209765061U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement, which comprises a scintillation crystal and a detector, wherein the scintillation crystal is coupled with the detector; the scintillation crystal is a scintillation crystal containing lutetium element. The utility model utilizes the intrinsic ray of the scintillation crystal to carry out the full-section measurement, which not only can cancel the radioactive source in the ray measuring device in the prior art, reduce the cost of the system and greatly improve the safety and the reliability of the system; meanwhile, the half-life period of Lu-176 is 2.1X 1010In the year, the performance of the equipment cannot be reduced due to the aging of the radiation device, and the service life of the system is greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a heterogeneous fluid field, more specifically says that it relates to a heterogeneous full section phase fraction measuring device of class based on ray coincidence measurement.
Background
The concept of phases generally refers to the portion of a homogeneous material in a system having the same composition and the same physical and chemical properties, with distinct separable interfaces between the phases. Multiphase fluids are a fluid form often encountered in industrial processes and are composed of two or more distinct interfacial phases, including gas/liquid, liquid/solid, gas/solid, liquid/liquid two-phase flows, and gas/liquid, gas/liquid/solid multiphase flows, etc. A great deal of two-phase flow and multiphase flow measurement problems exist in various fields of industrial processes, life sciences, nature and the like. For example, gas-solid two-phase flow in coal powder transmission process of thermal power generation equipment and pneumatic transmission device for grain processing, gas-liquid two-phase flow in industrial boiler system and oil well production process, liquid-solid two-phase flow in silt extraction and pulp flowing process in paper making industry in marine oil industry, liquid-liquid two-phase flow of water and petroleum in oil pipeline in petroleum production, and various two-phase fluids in two substance transmission process in metallurgy or chemical engineering.
The two-phase flow looks simple, the motion rule is very complex, and how to accurately and timely know various motion parameters of the two-phase flow has very important practical significance on the design of industrial equipment, the accurate metering of raw materials, the control of production safety and high efficiency and the like. For example, in a thermal power plant, a burner simultaneously sprays coal dust and air into a hearth for combustion, and the ratio of the coal dust to the air directly determines the power generation efficiency of coal; the oil field oil extraction device extracts crude oil and natural gas into an oil pipeline together, and has important significance for guiding oil production on the measurement of oil content and gas content; in chemical and metallurgical industries, the conveying and proportioning of raw materials also need to be accurately measured, and the method is very important for saving production and safety production.
Compared with single-phase flow, the two-phase flow or multi-phase flow has complex flow characteristics, interface effects and relative speeds exist among phases, and a plurality of distribution parameters needing to be detected exist in the phase fluid, so the difficulty of parameter detection is increased. The traditional multiphase flow parameter detection mainly adopts a phase separation method and a manual assay method. The phase separation method requires large-scale separation equipment, and after standing for a period of time, the multiphase fluid is separated into single-phase fluid mainly under the action of gravity, and then the single-phase fluid is measured by using a single-phase flow meter. The phase separation method is simple and reliable, the measurement result is not influenced by factors such as flow pattern change and the like, but the required separation equipment has large volume and higher system cost, and real-time online detection cannot be carried out. In the manual assay method, local points are sampled, and the information of the local points replaces the flowing form of the whole fluid, so that the randomness is high, and the split-phase flow of the fluid cannot be accurately reflected.
The ray technology is applied to the industrial two-phase flow detection, and the main purpose is to measure the mass phase separation content of the two-phase flow and identify the flow pattern. The method utilizes the ray attenuation principle to detect the phase content and the flow pattern of the multiphase pipe flow without damaging the pipeline structure, and belongs to the non-invasive nondestructive measurement technology. The basic principle is that a detector array receives rays transmitting two-phase pipe flow to obtain a series of attenuation data (projections), and the data are denoised and corrected and then subjected to image reconstruction to obtain a two-dimensional tomographic image of the ray transmission section of the two-phase pipe flow. Therefore, the scheme has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, good imaging resolution, simple structure, wide applicability and the like. However, in the conventional industrial detection process using the radiation technology, a radiation device capable of generating a certain amount of radiation, such as an X-ray tube, a Cs-137 radiation source, etc., is required. Due to the existence of the radiation device, certain protection and supervision must be carried out on the related detection equipment to avoid accidents. Therefore, the detection device based on the ray technology has many inconveniences in the popularization and application process.
For example, chinese patent No. CN102565844B discloses a positron emission tomography apparatus and method for multiphase flow, which utilizes positron-electron annihilation to generate a pair of gamma rays with 511keV energies that can meet, and provides an online tomography function for multiphase flow measurement in oil field oil pipelines. The device comprises a plurality of groups of parallel high-precision gamma ray detector arrays arranged in a specific space structure, a positron radioactive source and a shielding device, and the phase fraction of multiphase flow mixtures such as oil, gas, water and the like can be obtained only under the condition of a single radioactive source by combining the function of image processing. The design of a plurality of groups of high-precision detector arrays also greatly improves the precision of multiphase flow measurement and the applicability of the multiphase flow measurement under different flow patterns of the multiphase flow. The generated image information of the fluid can greatly enrich the metering information of the petroleum and natural gas industry for the petroleum and natural gas and provide basic data for more effective reservoir management and production optimization.
In the patent, the design of the positive electron radioactive source is complex, certain protection and supervision are needed, and the cost is high; and the decay period (half-life period) of the positron radiation source is short, the positron radiation source is easy to age and needs to be replaced frequently to ensure stable performance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a be not enough to prior art existence, the utility model aims to provide a heterogeneous full-section phase fraction measuring device of flowing based on ray coincidence measurement, through the ray detection technique of scintillation crystal intrinsic radiation, can cancel the radiation source among the prior art ray detection device, reduce system's cost, the security and the reliability of very big improvement system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: a multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement comprises a scintillation crystal and a detector, wherein the scintillation crystal is coupled with the detector; the scintillation crystal is a scintillation crystal containing lutetium element.
A scintillation crystal, which is a material frequently used in the radiation detection technology, can convert gamma rays with high energy into fluorescence with low energy, and then be detected by a photoelectric conversion device to be converted into an electrical signal. At present, the scintillation crystal commonly used comprises sodium iodide NaI, lutetium silicate LSO and the like. When the device is used, a plurality of measuring devices can be arranged in the circumferential direction of the fluid pipeline, and by utilizing the principle, the flight path of the gamma ray, namely the response line, can be obtained by combining a high-precision time measuring technology and a coincidence detection technology. Through a large number of response lines, the full-section measurement of the detected multiphase fluid can be realized by utilizing corresponding calculation methods such as a filtering back projection technology, an ordered subset maximum expected value method and the like.
Lu-176 radioactive isotope is contained in the scintillation crystal of lutetium element, and can emit beta rays in the decay process, and the beta rays can decay rapidly to generate gamma rays. Beta rays can be detected locally generated due to weak penetrating power of the beta rays, and gamma rays have stronger penetrating power and can penetrate through a detected fluid and then be detected. Therefore, by using the principle, the position detected by the beta ray is taken as the departure point of the gamma ray, and after the corresponding gamma ray passes through the tested fluid pipeline, the gamma ray is detected by the detector at the corresponding position of the pipeline as the arrival point of the ray, so as to obtain the flight path of the gamma ray. The full-section measurement is carried out by utilizing the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal, a radioactive source in a ray measurement device can be omitted, the cost of the system is reduced, and the safety and the reliability of the system are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the half-life period of Lu-176 is 2.1X 1010In the year, the performance of the equipment cannot be reduced due to the aging of the radiation device, and the stability and the service life of the system are greatly improved.
Preferably, a layer of reflecting film is arranged on the surface of the scintillation crystal.
The scintillation crystal has a certain volume, and the detector is coupled at one end of the scintillation crystal, so most of the light generated by the scintillation crystal needs to be reflected for multiple times to be absorbed by the detector. The surface of the scintillation crystal is coated with the reflecting film, so that the reflecting probability is increased, and the light collection efficiency of the detector can be improved.
Preferably, the reflecting film is an aluminum foil and is matched with the scintillation crystal, so that the reflecting efficiency is high.
Preferably, the scintillation crystal and the detector are fixed through a coupling agent.
The scintillation crystal is a high-density crystal, the surface of the detector is provided with a layer of epoxy resin, when light is emitted to the detector from the scintillation crystal, the light is emitted to the light-sparse medium from the optically dense medium, and if air exists between the optically dense medium and the optically sparse medium, total reflection is easy to occur, so that light loss is caused. The optical couplant is a transparent medium with a large refractive index, particularly an optical coupler, and the optical couplant is placed between the scintillation crystal and the detector, so that air can be effectively removed, and light loss caused by total reflection is remarkably reduced. The coupling agent can adopt silica gel to bond the scintillation crystal with the detector, thereby effectively reducing the loss of light from the scintillation crystal to the detector and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Preferably, the detector comprises a photomultiplier tube and a module circuit.
The Photomultiplier (PMT) is used as a traditional photoelectric conversion device, has extremely high sensitivity and ultra-fast time response, and can quickly and effectively convert optical signals of rays into electric signals; the module circuit is a conventional circuit, amplifies and reduces noise of signals, outputs signal pulses, observes the signals by an oscilloscope, and finally stores and analyzes acquired waveform data by an upper computer.
Preferably, the detector is a semiconductor silicon detector and a module circuit.
The semiconductor silicon detector (SiPMT) is a novel detector, photons are absorbed and then generate current in the SiPMT for multiplication, and a large current signal can be output and received by a module circuit. The gamma ray detection efficiency is higher, and the volume is smaller.
Preferably, the scintillation crystal and the detector are mounted in a holder.
Through the technical scheme, the bracket is convenient for installation and use of the measuring device, and is also convenient for storage of the scintillation crystal and the detector. During the actual use, measuring device aims at the fluid pipeline installation, is convenient for measuring device's location more through the support.
Preferably, the part of the bracket for mounting the scintillation crystal is made of metal material.
When the device is used, a plurality of groups of measuring devices generally detect the fluid pipeline together, and the bracket made of the metal material can prevent gamma rays emitted by the scintillation crystal from being detected by other surrounding measuring devices before the gamma rays pass through the fluid pipeline, so that the mutual interference probability is reduced.
Preferably, the metal material is tungsten-based alloy.
The tungsten-based alloy is high-density metal, has good mechanical processing characteristics, better protection effect and better gamma ray blocking effect, and prevents the detectors from mutual interference.
To sum up, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has: the full-section measurement is carried out by utilizing the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal, so that a radioactive source in a ray detection device in the prior art can be eliminated, the cost of the system is reduced, and the safety and the reliability of the system are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the half-life period of Lu-176 is 2.1X 1010In the year, the performance of the equipment cannot be reduced due to the aging of the radiation device, and the service life of the system is greatly prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
As shown in FIG. 1, a multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement comprises a scintillation crystal 1 and a detector 2, wherein the scintillation crystal 1 is coupled with the detector 2; the scintillation crystal 1 is a scintillation crystal 1 containing lutetium element.
The scintillator crystal 1 is a material frequently used in the radiation detection technology, which can convert gamma rays of high energy into fluorescence of low energy, and then is detected by a photoelectric conversion device to be converted into an electric signal. At present, the scintillation crystal 1 commonly used contains sodium iodide NaI, lutetium orthosilicate LSO, and the like. When the device is used, a plurality of measuring devices can be arranged in the circumferential direction of the fluid pipeline, and by utilizing the principle, the flight path of the gamma ray, namely the response line, can be obtained by combining a high-precision time measuring technology and a coincidence detection technology. Through a large number of response lines, the full-section measurement of the detected multiphase fluid can be realized by utilizing corresponding calculation methods such as a filtering back projection technology, an ordered subset maximum expected value method and the like.
Lu-176 radioactivity contained in lutetium scintillation crystalThe isotope emits beta rays during the decay process, and the beta rays decay rapidly to generate gamma rays. Beta rays can be detected locally generated due to weak penetrating power of the beta rays, and gamma rays have stronger penetrating power and can penetrate through a detected fluid and then be detected. Therefore, by using the principle, the position detected by the beta ray is taken as the departure point of the gamma ray, and after the corresponding gamma ray passes through the tested fluid pipeline, the gamma ray is detected by the detector at the corresponding position of the pipeline as the arrival point of the ray, so as to obtain the flight path of the gamma ray. The full-section measurement is carried out by utilizing the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal, a radioactive source in a ray measurement device can be omitted, the cost of the system is reduced, and the safety and the reliability of the system are greatly improved. Meanwhile, the half-life period of Lu-176 is 2.1X 1010In the year, the performance of the equipment cannot be reduced due to the aging of the radiation device, and the stability and the service life of the system are greatly improved.
In this embodiment, the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2 are mounted in a holder 3. The bracket 3 is convenient for the installation and the use of the measuring device, and is also convenient for the storage of the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2. During actual use, the measuring device is installed by aligning the fluid pipeline, and the positioning of the measuring device is more convenient through the bracket 3.
When the device is used, a plurality of groups of measuring devices generally detect a fluid pipeline together, so that the bracket 3 for mounting the part of the scintillation crystal 1 is made of a metal material, gamma rays emitted by the scintillation crystal 1 can be prevented from being detected by other surrounding measuring devices before passing through the fluid pipeline, and the probability of mutual interference is reduced.
A common insulating metal material is lead, and in this embodiment, a tungsten-based alloy is used. The tungsten-based alloy is a high-density metal, has good mechanical processing characteristics, has better protection effect than lead, has better blocking effect on gamma rays, and prevents the detectors 2 from interfering with each other.
In this embodiment, a reflective film 4 is disposed on the surface of the scintillation crystal 1.
The scintillation crystal 1 has a certain volume, and the detector 2 is coupled to one end of the scintillation crystal 1, so that most of the light generated by the scintillation crystal 1 needs to be reflected many times before being absorbed by the detector 2. The surface of the scintillation crystal 1 is coated with the reflecting film 4, so that the reflecting probability is increased, and the light collection efficiency of the detector 2 can be improved. The reflecting film 4 can be an aluminum foil and is matched with the scintillation crystal 1, so that the reflecting efficiency is high.
The scintillation crystal 1 is generally a high-density crystal, and the surface of the detector 2 has a layer of epoxy resin, when light is emitted from the scintillation crystal 1 to the detector 2, the light is emitted from an optically dense medium to an optically sparse medium, and if air exists between the two, total reflection is easy to occur, which causes light loss. The optical couplant is a transparent medium with a large refractive index, particularly an optical coupler, and the optical couplant is placed between the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2, so that air can be effectively removed, and light loss caused by total reflection is remarkably reduced.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2 are fixed by the coupling agent. The coupling agent can adopt silica gel to bond the scintillation crystal 1 and the detector 2, so that the loss of light from the scintillation crystal 1 to the detector 2 is effectively reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the detector 2 includes a photomultiplier tube 21 and a module circuit 22.
The photomultiplier tube 21 (PMT) is a conventional photoelectric conversion device, has extremely high sensitivity and ultra-fast time response, and can rapidly and effectively convert the optical signal of a ray into an electrical signal.
As shown in fig. 2, the module circuit 22 includes a power circuit and a signal circuit, the power circuit supplies power to the photomultiplier tube 21 and the signal circuit, generally only needs direct current in a reasonable range, and can be powered by an AC-DC power adapter or a battery. The signal circuit mainly processes the pulse signal output from the photomultiplier tube 21, and since the signal amplitude output from the photomultiplier tube 21 is very small, it is generally necessary to perform processing such as amplification and noise reduction on the signal.
Since the power circuit and the signal circuit are conventional design circuits, those skilled in the art can use them according to actual requirements, and a specific circuit diagram is not disclosed in this embodiment.
the working principle of the embodiment is as follows: in the embodiment, the plastic scintillation crystal LYSO is adopted, the measuring device is arranged on the outer surface of the fluid pipeline, and the scintillation crystal 1 is aligned with the fluid pipeline for detection. The scintillation crystal 1 decays to produce beta rays, which are detected by a detector 22 in close proximity to the scintillation crystal 11; at the same time, gamma rays generated by the decay of the beta rays pass through the fluid pipeline and are detected by a measuring device at the other side of the pipeline.
The scintillation crystal 1 converts rays into fluorescence, the photomultiplier 21 converts light signals into electrical signals, the module circuit 22 amplifies the electrical signals, reduces noise and the like, and outputs the electrical signals, an oscilloscope observes or converts the signals, and finally an upper computer stores and analyzes acquired waveforms and calculates mass phase fraction of fluid.
In the embodiment, the intrinsic rays of the scintillation crystal 1 are used for full-section measurement, so that a radioactive source in a ray measuring device in the prior art can be omitted, the cost of the system is reduced, and the safety and the reliability of the system are greatly improved; meanwhile, the half-life period of Lu-176 is 2.1X 1010In the year, the performance of the equipment cannot be reduced due to the aging of the radiation device, and the stability and the service life of the system are greatly improved.
Example 2:
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the photomultiplier tube 21 is replaced with a semiconductor silicon detector 2.
The semiconductor silicon detector 2 (SiPMT) is a novel detector 2, and photons are absorbed to generate and multiply current in the SiPMT, so that a large current signal can be output and received by the module circuit 22. The gamma ray detection efficiency is higher, and the volume is smaller.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but all the embodiments are protected by patent laws and protection within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement is characterized in that: comprises a scintillation crystal (1) and a detector (2), wherein the scintillation crystal (1) is coupled with the detector (2); the scintillation crystal (1) is a scintillation crystal (1) containing lutetium element; the scintillation crystal (1) and the detector (2) are arranged in a bracket (3); the part of the bracket (3) for mounting the scintillation crystal (1) is made of metal material; the plurality of measuring devices are arranged in the circumferential direction of the fluid conduit.
2. The device for measuring the full-section phase fraction of the multiphase flow based on the ray coincidence measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the scintillation crystal (1) is provided with a layer of reflecting film (4).
3. The device for measuring the full-section phase fraction of the multiphase flow based on the ray coincidence measurement as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the reflecting film (4) is an aluminum foil.
4. The device for measuring the full-section phase fraction of the multiphase flow based on the ray coincidence measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the scintillation crystal (1) and the detector (2) are fixed through a coupling agent.
5. The device for measuring the full-section phase fraction of the multiphase flow based on the ray coincidence measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the detector (2) comprises a photomultiplier tube (21) and a module circuit (22).
6. The device for measuring the full-section phase fraction of the multiphase flow based on the ray coincidence measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the detector (2) is a semiconductor silicon detector and a module circuit (22).
7. The device for measuring the full-section phase fraction of the multiphase flow based on the ray coincidence measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the metal material is tungsten-based alloy.
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| CN201822274373.4U CN209765061U (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement |
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| CN201822274373.4U CN209765061U (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Multiphase flow full-section phase fraction measuring device based on ray coincidence measurement |
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