CN105044760A - Distributed single-end reflection type on-line radioactivity detecting instrument based on scintillation optical fiber and detecting method thereof - Google Patents
Distributed single-end reflection type on-line radioactivity detecting instrument based on scintillation optical fiber and detecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a distributed single-end reflection type on-line radioactivity detecting instrument based on a scintillation optical fiber and a detecting method thereof. The distributed single-end reflection type on-line radioactivity detecting instrument comprises a scintillation optical fiber, an optical coupling device, a multi-mode optical fiber, a photoelectric converter, a signal processing module and a computer; wherein a single end of the scintillation optical fiber is plated with a high reflection film to generate scintillation optical pulses, the scintillation optical pulses reach the photoelectric converter along two paths, the time that the scintillation optical pulses spend reaching the photoelectric converter along the two paths can be compared to obtain a time difference, then positional information of interaction between radiation and the scintillation optical fibers can be analyzed; at the same time, the scintillation optical pulses enter into the photoelectric converter through the multi-mode optical fiber to be converted into electronic pulse signals, the electronic pulse signals enter into the computer for performing data storage and power spectrum software analysis after being subjected to signal processing, and radiation physical parameters in the detected environment can be obtained at the same time. The distributed single-end reflection type on-line radioactivity detecting instrument of the present invention has the advantages that a sensing probe portion is small in volume and high in sensitivity, a single detector is wide in measuring range and is capable of achieving remote and real-time sensing, and an electronics portion is little influenced by external environment, therefore, wide application range is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation sensor measuring technical field, particularly apply Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques using the single-ended reflection-type online radioactivity prospecting instrument of whole flash fiber as transducing part, it can be measured radiation physics parameters such as the dosage of radiation environment continuously in real time in fields such as nuclear leakage monitoring, marine monitoring, geologic prospecting, biomedicine, tracing and positioning, military aerospaces, and can analyze the positional information obtaining radioactive source.Compared to traditional radioactivity prospecting instrument, which solve in ocean, high-altitude, the mankind such as the end be difficult in the rugged surroundings entered, carry out online radioactivity monitoring and a difficult problem for analyzing and positioning.
Background technology
Distributing optical fiber sensing Detection Techniques are according to light wave distribution characteristics parameter along the line, to obtain in sensor fibre region simultaneously in time with the measured distributed intelligence of spatial variations, can effectively realize long distance, on a large scale in real time, continuously, long-term sensing, also have that precision is high, wiring is convenient, can overcome the advantages such as rugged surroundings.Adopt the system of distributing optical fiber sensing spatially to possess the continuity of measurement, avoid using sensing element discrete in a large number, greatly can reduce the system cost of transducing part.
Flash fiber is a kind of function element having irradiation detection and optical signal transmission function concurrently.According to the scintillation material used, flash fiber can be divided into three major types: scintillation glass optical fiber, flicker plastics (polystyrene) optical fiber and flicker capillary liquid (benzene, dimethylbenzene, toluene) optical fiber.The rare earth element of flash fiber doping, when there being α, β particle of rapid movement, or when γ, x-ray bombardment flash fiber, will encourage passage of scintillation light in fiber cores.At this moment, flash fiber is exactly a ray detector.The passage of scintillation light risen at fiber cores underexcitation is isotropic.Refractive index due to fiber core is greater than the refractive index of covering, according to total reflection principle, only has those passage of scintillation light be positioned at beyond critical angle could transmit at optical fiber.At this moment, flash fiber just plays optical transport.In recent years, along with the development of high-energy physics and the appearance of various image intensifying technology, flash fiber technology is obtained and develops rapidly.Compared with common scintillator, the transmission attenuation of flash fiber and time response have had very large improvement.Flash fiber can curve different shapes, can extend to any position, space, has the advantages such as spatial discrimination is good, good, the mechanical plasticity of time resolution is good, be therefore subject to the most attention of high-energy physics scholar with the detector of its composition.Just be widely used at present during core test with particle physics, while in the radiation imaging system of industry, medical science, biology, also will have important application.
Some existing many shortcomings utilizing the radioactivity detection system of flash fiber to overcome traditional scintillator detector, but due to the restriction of flash fiber volume, matrix density is very little, with radiation produce interact limited, light yield is smaller, when low-yield and LDR, sensitivity can not be very high, so be used for optical imagery aspect.Loss again due to flash fiber self is larger, so can be restricted in sensitivity, energy response, measurable radiation dose rate scope and long range propagation application.Further, mostly existing radiation detector is the detection to radiation dose, and rarely has the analysis further to radiant-energy spectrum.Finally, can not there is position to radiation effects and review in traditional radiation detector, or will adopt multiterminal detecting structure and greatly strengthen system cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the problems referred to above existed in the existing method to radioactivity prospecting and analysis, provides the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of a kind of distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber, provides a kind of detection method of this detection instrument simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The online radioactivity prospecting instrument of a kind of distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber, this detection instrument comprises flash fiber, Light Coupled Device, multimode optical fiber, photoelectric commutator, signal processing module, computing machine, a described flash fiber wherein end face is coated with highly reflecting films, the other end does not plate highly reflecting films, do not plate highly reflecting films one end and be connected to multimode optical fiber one end by Light Coupled Device, the other end of multimode optical fiber is of coupled connections to photoelectric commutator, and photoelectric commutator is connection signal processing module and computing machine successively.
Further, described Light Coupled Device is have light capacity gauge and the extremely low insertion loss joints of optical fibre, and its two end interfaces size is corresponding flash fiber external diameter and multimode optical fiber external diameter respectively, for connecting flash fiber and transmission multimode optical fiber.
Further, described flash fiber extends usable range by connecting multimode optical fiber conduction, and described multimode optical fiber is in the low damage Transmission Fibers of flash fiber fluorescence bands.
Further, described photoelectric commutator, signal processing module and computing machine channel floor do encapsulation process.
Further, described photoelectric commutator is photodiode or avalanche diode.
Further, this detection instrument can adopt many flash fiber composition detection networks.
Further, the described flash fiber highly reflecting films that wherein an end face is coated with are silver-colored material, and thickness is 45-55nm.
A detection method for the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber, comprises the following steps:
(1) flash fiber sensing probe is placed in radiation environment, absorbs the step that ray energy produces scintillation light burst then;
(2) scintillation light burst arrives at the step of photoelectric commutator along two paths;
(3) contrast the mistiming that two path scintillation light burst arrive at photoelectric commutator, analyze the step of radiation and the interactional positional information of flash fiber;
(4) scintillation light burst by multimode optical fiber transmit laggard enter the electronic pulse signal that is converted into of photoelectric commutator, after signal transacting, enter the step that computing machine carries out data storing and energy spectrum analysis;
(5) obtain the radiation physics parameter of radiation environment through above-mentioned steps (4), complete the step of the radioactivity prospecting to test environment.
Further, by adopting many flash fiber composition detection networks in above-described method, the location to radioactive source is realized.
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
Instrument of the present invention as mentioned before, by the thinking of application distribution optical fiber sensing technology, at flash fiber one end plating high-reflecting film, make scintillation light burst can arrive at photoelectric commutator along two paths, contrast the mistiming that two path scintillation light burst arrive at photoelectric commutator, radiation and the interactional positional information of flash fiber can be analyzed; By flash fiber as sensing unit, absorb ray energy and then produce scintillation light burst, scintillation light burst enters photoelectric commutator by multimode optical fiber and is converted into electronic pulse signal, carrying out data storing and energy spectrum analysis by entering computing machine after signal transacting again, the radiation physics parameter in surveyed environment can be obtained.According to test philosophy, the dosage of radiation environment to be measured and power spectrum and position occurs can analyze and draw, the radioactivity prospecting instrument designed like this is multiple functional, and topmost effect to realize the tracing and positioning to radioactive source.Meanwhile, utilize end face reflection technology only need arrange electrooptical device and signal processing module in optical fiber one end, achieve single-ended detection, control instrument cost.In addition, propose a kind of signal screening algorithm being applicable to this instrument, can useful signal be extracted, improve instrument performance.Finally, this instrument also has that sensing probe partial volume is little, flexibility ratio is high, and simple detector measurable range is wide, can long-range real-time sensing, electronics to be affected by the external environment the advantage such as little, applicable in extensive range.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention,
In figure: 1. flash fiber, 2. Light Coupled Device, 3. multimode optical fiber, 4. photoelectric commutator, 5. signal processing module, 6. computing machine.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the online Low background radioscope of the distributed reflection type based on flash fiber provided by the invention comprises flash fiber 1, the joints of optical fibre 2, multimode optical fiber 3, signal processing module 4, computing machine 5; Described flash fiber 1 can produce light pulse with radiation interaction, one end of flash fiber 1 is coated with highly reflecting films, the other end of flash fiber 1 is connected to multimode optical fiber 3 by the joints of optical fibre 2, the other end of multimode optical fiber 3 connects photoelectric commutator 4, photodetector 4 accesses signal processing module 5 and computing machine 6, and photodetector 4, signal processing module 5 and computing machine 6 three part do encapsulation process.Flash fiber sensing probe part is placed in radiation environment, the scintillation light burst produced can arrive at photoelectric commutator 4 along two paths, therefrom can draw radiation and the interactional positional information of flash fiber 1 and radiation physics parameter by signal processing module 5 and computing machine 6 analysis of spectrum.The highly reflecting films that in the present invention, one end of flash fiber 1 is coated with adopt silver-colored material, and thickness is that 45-55nm can reach effect of the present invention.
In the present invention, utilize flash fiber 1 as senser element, flash fiber 1 wherein one end is coated with 50nm silver material highly reflecting films, because the high energy particle in radiation environment enters flash fiber 1, can interact with it (mainly comprising photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, positron-electron pairing effect), and producing electronic secondary, these electronic secondarys can produce scintillation light burst by excitation light-emitting material again again.These scintillation light burst can be moved along flash fiber 1 both direction, wherein scintillation light burst can directly be collected in adaptive photoelectric commutator 4 (as photodiode or avalanche diode) by being coupled into multimode optical fiber 3 by the light pulse in a direction, produces electronic impulse.The light pulse of other direction can first after fiber end face reflection reverse transfer be coupled into multimode optical fiber 3, being then collected in adaptive photoelectric commutator 4 by multimode optical fiber 3 transmission, producing electronic impulse.The light pulse resulting from same radiation event arrives at detector along two paths respectively and the electronic impulse amplitude produced should meet certain relation, utilize loss and the highly reflecting films reflectivity of known flash fiber 1 and multimode optical fiber 3, can screen signal, extract useful signal.It is poor that the electronic impulse produced respectively after two paths transmission has the regular hour, this mistiming can draw related data by back end signal disposal system, again as calculated machine 5 analyze data then deducibility go out the positional information that radioactive particle and flash fiber have an effect, adopt many flash fiber composition detection networks, then can realize the location to radioactive source.In addition, by computing machine energy spectrum analysis software, store recording and analysis are carried out to the electronic impulse data produced, the radiation physics parameter of radiation environment can be obtained.
Test philosophy:
In the present invention, flash fiber 1 forms primarily of two parts: core (sandwich layer) and surface coating part (covering).The light refractive index of this two sections of material is different, core refractive rate n
1a little more than cladding index n
2.When charged particle or ray are through flash fiber, the partly flickering produced at sandwich layer is luminous, about [~ (1-n
2/ n
1) <10%], can along spread fiber.Can be collected by flash fiber and the light transmitted, it is as follows that its acceptance angle should meet formula:
Wherein, α in formula
1for boundary reflection angle, θ, Φ are respectively fluorescent emission direction relative to the polar angle of fiber axis and position angle.N
1, n
2the refractive index of sandwich layer and covering respectively.The light meeting above-mentioned condition can be totally reflected on sandwich layer and covering interface, can be collected by optical fiber, and the light that acceptance angle meets following formula relationship also can be collected (meeting definition cotype (1) in formula)
Wherein α
2for the reflection angle of passage of scintillation light on covering and Air Interface, meet following relation:
cos
2α
2＝(r
0/r
c)
2cos
2α
11+[1-(r
0/r
c)
2]sin
2θ
c
cosθ
c＝(n
2/n
1)cosθsinα
11＝(n
2/n
1)sinα
1(3)
R in formula
0fiber core layer radius, r
cit is the total radius of optical fiber.The light meeting formula (1) is sandwich layer light, and the light meeting formula (2) is cladding light.Other light is not totally reflected in two interfaces, will overflow from optical fiber side, is called non-total reflection light.
The passage of scintillation light received is converted into electric signal and sends into pulse height analyzer through amplifying by photoelectric commutator 4, finally obtains radiation field power spectrum.For obtaining the average photoelectron number of each example, we can with following formula to recording power spectrum matching:
P(channel)＝∑P(n,u,r)F(channel,n)
In formula, P (n, u, r) is that the fluorescence signal equaling to produce in the optical fiber of r at radius is converted into n photoelectronic probability on photodetector, and F (channel, n) is photoelectric commutator response function; U is the photoelectron number that the Minimum ionization particle light that on average energy of every 1mm deposition is corresponding in flash fiber can be changed, and is the average photoelectron number N
p.e.characterization parameter.
The light pulse produced with radiation interaction can be transmitted along the both direction of flash fiber, part direct-coupling enters multimode optical fiber 3 and transmits collection and enter photoelectric commutator 4, another part is coupled into multimode optical fiber 3 again by flash fiber 1 end face reflection and transmits collection and enter photoelectric commutator 4, the mistiming that photoelectric commutator is arrived in two parts light pulse is Δ t, can go out radiation effects position occurs with following formulae discovery:
L
1+L
2＝2L(5)
L
1-L
2＝VΔt(6)
In formula, L is fiber lengths total after flash fiber 1 connects multimode optical fiber 3, L
1for light pulse direct-coupling enter multimode optical fiber 3 be photoelectrically converted device 4 collect distance through path, L
2for light pulse enter again after flash fiber 1 end face reflection multimode optical fiber 3 be photoelectrically converted device 4 collect distance through path, V is the speed that scintillation light burst is transmitted in optical fiber.
The light pulse resulting from same radiation event arrives at detector along two paths respectively and the electronic impulse amplitude produced should meet certain relation, therefore loss and the highly reflecting films reflectivity of known flash fiber and multimode optical fiber is utilized, a kind of examination algorithm being suitable for this instrument can be proposed, for extracting effective electronic pulse signal:
E1/E2＝(1|α)/[(1|β)ε)](7)
In formula E1 be light pulse directly enter multimode optical fiber 3 be photoelectrically converted device 4 collect after the pulse height that obtains, E2 is that light pulse enters multimode optical fiber 3 device 4 that is photoelectrically converted and collects the pulse height obtained after fiber end face reflection, and α is that light pulse is along fiber path L
1the energy ratio of theoretical loss after transmission, β is that light pulse is in theory along fiber path L
2the energy ratio of theoretical loss after transmission, ε be optical fiber one end face plate the reflectivity of highly reflecting films.
It will be clear that the above-mentioned description to embodiment can understand and apply the invention for ease of those skilled in the art.Person skilled in the art obviously can be easy to make various amendment to these embodiments, and General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiments and need not through creative work.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to embodiment here, those skilled in the art are according to announcement of the present invention, and the improvement made for the present invention and modification all should within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber, it is characterized in that, this detection instrument comprises flash fiber, Light Coupled Device, multimode optical fiber, photoelectric commutator, signal processing module, computing machine, a described flash fiber wherein end face is coated with highly reflecting films, the other end does not plate highly reflecting films, do not plate highly reflecting films one end and be connected to multimode optical fiber one end by Light Coupled Device, the other end of multimode optical fiber is of coupled connections to photoelectric commutator, and photoelectric commutator is connection signal processing module and computing machine successively.
2. the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Light Coupled Device is have light capacity gauge and the extremely low insertion loss joints of optical fibre, its two end interfaces size is corresponding flash fiber external diameter and multimode optical fiber external diameter respectively, for connecting flash fiber and transmission multimode optical fiber.
3. the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flash fiber extends usable range by connecting multimode optical fiber conduction, and described multimode optical fiber is in the low damage Transmission Fibers of flash fiber fluorescence bands.
4. the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described photoelectric commutator, signal processing module and computing machine channel floor do encapsulation process.
5. the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described photoelectric commutator is photodiode or avalanche diode.
6. according to the arbitrary described online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, adopt many flash fiber composition detection networks.
7. the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described flash fiber highly reflecting films that wherein an end face is coated with are silver-colored material, and thickness is 45-55nm.
8. the detection method of the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) flash fiber sensing probe is placed in radiation environment, absorbs the step that ray energy produces scintillation light burst then;
(2) scintillation light burst arrives at the step of photoelectric commutator along two paths;
(3) contrast the mistiming that two path scintillation light burst arrive at photoelectric commutator, analyze the step of radiation and the interactional positional information of flash fiber;
(4) scintillation light burst by multimode optical fiber transmit laggard enter the electronic pulse signal that is converted into of photoelectric commutator, after signal transacting, enter the step that computing machine carries out data storing and energy spectrum analysis;
(5) obtain the radiation physics parameter of radiation environment through above-mentioned steps (4), complete the step of the radioactivity prospecting to test environment.
9. the detection method of the online radioactivity prospecting instrument of the distributed single-ended reflection-type based on flash fiber according to claim 8, is characterized in that, by adopting many flash fiber composition detection networks, realizes the location to radioactive source.
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| CN112099072A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-18 | 复旦大学 | High-flux anti-electromagnetic interference proton energy spectrum and intensity detector |
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