CN108877970A - A kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, system and monitor - Google Patents
A kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, system and monitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108877970A CN108877970A CN201810562945.0A CN201810562945A CN108877970A CN 108877970 A CN108877970 A CN 108877970A CN 201810562945 A CN201810562945 A CN 201810562945A CN 108877970 A CN108877970 A CN 108877970A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/002—Detection of leaks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/02—Devices or arrangements for monitoring coolant or moderator
- G21C17/022—Devices or arrangements for monitoring coolant or moderator for monitoring liquid coolants or moderators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, system and monitor, methods to include the following steps：At sample point, the sample gas in containment is obtained by sampling conduit, and the sample gas is transported in sampling container；In the sample gas for detecting the sampling container by meeting detection device,13The β of N+γ-γ the coincidence counting for the contrary γ-γ photon that decay is emitted exports γ-γ coincidence counting rate to calculate；Wherein, the detection device that meets includes at least two meeting detector；According to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas, the slip of the coolant water of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary is determined, be capable of the carry out presurized water reactor primary Ioops leakage monitoring of precise and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear power station radiation leakage monitoring field more particularly to a kind of monitorings of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking
Method, system and monitor.
Background technique
Nuclear safety is the life of nuclear power, the autonomous nuclear power technology in research and development China, most important to be how to improve safety.
Although nuclear power still has a possibility that nuclear leakage due to being related to the discharge of radiation as a kind of clean energy resource.To ensure
Nuclear power steady development and the situation walked out, nuclear plant safety operation are related to nuclear power steady development and walk out with monitoring
One of key, one loop of nuclear power station pressure boundary leakage monitoring are the core components of nuclear plant safety monitoring.Because pressing water
Contain high-temperature high pressure water in reactor of nuclear power plant primary Ioops, this water had not only made coolant but also made neutron moderator.Due to nuclear fuel element
The neutron activation of corrosion product, makes to contain radionuclide in water in the leakage of involucrum and primary Ioops water.Pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant one
The reator body in circuit and each welding position in pipeline at mechanical interface etc., are generated due to pressure, corrosion and irradiation etc.
Crackle and crack, especially pressure vessels top cover control rod drive mechanism are let out with the bad primary Ioops water that can generate of each valve seal
Leakage cannot such as find, crack is increasing in time, leak more and more.Leakage once occurs, these coolings with radionuclide
Water will be leaked into containment atmosphere and be polluted the environment, and can not only be endangered staff's health, can also be jeopardized reactor
Operate normally the safety with nuclear power plant.For these reasons, every country all pays much attention to the reactor-loop to nuclear power station
The leakage of pressure boundary is monitored.
For the monitoring of pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant primary Ioops pressure boundary leakage, mainly pass through monitoring pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant one
The radio nuclide source terms of high-temperature high pressure water in circuit are realized.The monitoring means used both at home and abroad at present mainly has：Containment
It is airborne in air in interior aerosol Total Beta Radioactivity measurement, containment131Inert gas in air in I radioactivity survey, containment
In radioactivity survey and containment in air13N (nitrogen 13) radioactivity survey these four.
The measurement of aerosol Total Beta Radioactivity mainly monitors the Total Beta Radioactivity of aerosol in containment, aerosol in containment
Be mainly derived from the leakage and its gasification of reactor-loop pressure boundary coolant, by coolant fission product and corrosion
Activation products are formed；It is airborne in air in containment131The total β of aerosol is radiated in the radiometric measurement process of I and containment
Property measurement it is similar and measured in sampling, but it is airborne in air in containment131I radioactivity survey is made of active carbon
At " iodine filter cartridge ", replacement iodine filter cartridge manually operate；Noble gas activity measurement is logical in air in containment
It crosses monitoring inert gas Total Beta Radioactivity and carries out boundary leaking monitoring.
In containment in air13N radioactivity survey, reactor coolant H2In O13N derives from following nuclear reaction：Reactor core is split
Become proton in neutron and water and elastic scattering generation recoil proton occurs, is greater than the recoil proton of certain energy (E=5.555MeV)
In water16O occurs nuclear reaction and generates13N, i.e., 13N is β+Radionuclide, β+Half-life period is
9.96min。β+Positron annihilation effect occurs for particle and matter interaction, emits the light that two energy are 0.511Mev
Son, and two photons move round about.Pass through the gamma ray counting of 0.511Mev in measurement gas sampled, so that it may obtain
It samples in air13The radioactive activity of N converts, so that it may find out using the leakage transmission coefficient that dedicated calculation determines
(if air sampling here) or the water of primary Ioops pressure-bearing boundary (if the air sampling in containment) at pressure vessel upper top cover
Slip.
In the implementation of the present invention, inventor has found：Due to aerosol,131I measurement and inert gas are core combustion
Expect the fission products of cladding leakage, their source item is anti-dependent on the damaged degree of cladding nuclear fuels and the core of nuclear fuel
Degree is answered, the exposure in high temperature and pressure radioactive water for a long time of the zircaloy fission product as fuel can, it may occur that certain
Corrosion failure, stress rupture of degree etc., to the defect of sand holes (i.e. small holes) or hair check property, cladding nuclear fuels occur
It is damaged estimate without standard measure, therefore by aerosol,131The measurement method of I measurement and inert gas be merely able to monitor whether
There is fission product leakage, but can not quantitatively calculate the leakage rate size of fission product, thus is only capable of observational measurement；In containment
In air13N radioactivity survey there is source item can accurately calculate, relative to gas since radio nuclide source terms are neutron activation products
Colloidal sol,131Three kinds of fission product (i.e. PIG) measurements of I measurement and inert gas, not only it is known that whether having leakage situation,
Leakage rate size can be accurately calculated according to source item simultaneously, it can be used for quantitative measurment, but utilize13N radioactivity survey, to the greatest extent
Pipe in error range ± 20%, can be capable of the slip information of quantitative, but home and overseas has now been developed at present
's13N leakage monitoring is measured using Low background gamma spectrum method, and exactly sampling container is put into Low background vitriol chamber
The method that measures to gamma spectrum of detector is recycled to carry out, but due to13Concentration of the N nucleic in containment itself is just
It is relatively low, cause detector pair13The detection counting of N is less than normal, these monitoring devices can all encounter instrument in actual use
The detection limit of device is higher, currently about the level of 10L/h, but in practical applications, the nuclear power station instrument it is specifically used
It is 1L/h that the detection limit that department is intended to instrument, which can reach slip, because of the primary Ioops leakage of pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant at present
Normal level be raised to 120 liters or so in daily leakage 40, existing slip detection limit is 10L/h's13N monitoring instrument intelligent
Bigger leakage accident outstanding is measured, not can reflect the method battle array situation of leakage；And use Low background gamma spectrum method
It is to be measured by stable spectra13The β of N+Decay emitted 0.511Mev γ photon come the method for realizing leakage monitoring, it is right
The long-time stability of instrument are more demanding, due to monitoring on-line for a long time, if power spectrum is drifted about, will to measure
The γ counting rate inaccuracy of 0.511Mev, influences measurement result accuracy.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, being
System and monitor, the carry out presurized water reactor primary Ioops leakage monitoring of precise and high efficiency.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, including it is following
Step：
At sample point, the sample gas in containment is obtained by sampling conduit, and the sample gas is transported to
In sampling container；
In the sample gas for detecting the sampling container by meeting detection device,13The β of N+Decay emitted direction phase
γ-γ the coincidence counting of anti-γ-γ photon exports γ-γ coincidence counting rate to calculate；Wherein, described to meet detection device
Meet detector including at least two；
According to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas, the coolant of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary is determined
The slip of water.
In the first implementation of first aspect, the detection device that meets further includes a main detector；
The then presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method further includes：
According to the main detector met in detection device and meet the sampling gas that detector detects the sampling container
In body,13The β of N+The γ of the emitted γ photon of decay meets background count, meets background counting rate to calculate output.
According to the first implementation of first aspect, in second of implementation of first aspect,
The sampling container includes M-S container；
The main detector met in detection device, to meet detector be NaI (TI) scintillator detector；
The sampling container is in cylindrical structure, and the material of the sampling container is the stainless steel of (1 ± 0.1) mm
Material；
The height of the sampling container is (80 ± 0.5) mm；
A first inner chamber and at least two second inner chambers are equipped in the sampling container, the first inner chamber is located at described
The middle part of sampling container, and the height of the first inner chamber, each second inner chamber is (78 ± 0.5) mm；
The main detector met in detection device is set in the first inner chamber, and the detector that meets is set on any
In the second inner chamber.
It is described to pass through symbol in the third implementation of first aspect according to second of implementation of first aspect
Detection device is closed to detect in the sample gas of the sampling container,13The β of N+Decay the contrary γ-γ photon emitted
γ-γ coincidence counting, to export γ-γ coincidence counting rate, specially：
In meeting detection device, described at least two meet detector by the method for card energy detect respectively described in take
In the sample gas of sample container,13The β of N+The γ photon of the opposite 0.511Mev of the emitted both direction of decay；
γ-γ coincidence counting is carried out according to the γ photon of all described two contrary 0.511Mev of detection,
Meet detection efficient to calculate output；Wherein, if meeting detection efficient is ε, thenFormula
In, n is γ-γ coincidence counting, and λ is decay coefficient, A0For t0What the moment measured13The β of N+Radioactive activity value, t1To meet
At the time of detection counts beginning, t2At the time of counting stopping to meet detection；
γ-γ coincidence counting rate is obtained according to the volume for meeting detection efficient and the sampling container；Wherein, if taking
Sample volume of a container is V, if the γ-γ coincidence counting rate is nn, then nn=V × ε.
It is described according to institute in the 4th kind of implementation of first aspect according to the third implementation of first aspect
γ-γ coincidence counting the rate in sample gas is stated, determines the slip of the coolant water of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary, specifically
For：
Slip transmission coefficient is determined according to the detection efficient that meets；Wherein, if the slip transmission coefficient is K2,
ThenIn formula, λ is13Decay coefficient (the unit h of N-1), V1For safety
The dischargeable capacity of shell, ε are to meet detection efficient, and Q is sampling air mass flow, t4To be vaporized in containment after the leakage of primary Ioops water
Dilution time, t5For the transmission time in sampling conduit, t6For the time of measuring for meeting detection device in sampling container；
According in the sample gas γ-γ coincidence counting rate and the slip transmission coefficient, determine presurized water reactor one
The slip of the cold cut agent water on circuit pressure boundary；Wherein, if the slip is VL, thenIn formula,
nnFor γ-γ coincidence counting rate, N1For in presurized water reactor primary Ioops water13The cuclear density of N, N1=K1P, P are reactor capability, K1For
Proportionality coefficient.
According to any of the above implementation of first aspect, in the 5th kind of implementation of first aspect, according to each
The detection efficient of a detector and it is described meet local counting rate, minimum detectable activity and detection limit are determined, using as institute
State the functional evaluation standard of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method；Wherein, the detector includes main detector and each
It is a to meet detector, if the minimum detectable activity is Sl, thenIn formula, εinIt is imitated for the detection of detector
Rate, nbTo meet background counting rate, T is time of measuring；If detection limit is LD, then
Second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leakings to monitor system, including sampling
Unit, measuring unit and measurement processing unit；
The sampling unit is connect with the measuring unit, for obtaining containment by sampling conduit at sample point
Interior sample gas, and the sample gas is transported in sampling container；
The measuring unit is connect with the measurement processing unit, for detecting the sampling by meeting detection device
In the sample gas of container,13The β of N+γ-γ the coincidence counting for the contrary γ-γ photon that decay is emitted, to calculate
Export γ-γ coincidence counting rate；Wherein, the detection device that meets includes at least two meeting detector；
The measurement processing unit, for determining presurized water reactor one according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas
The slip of the coolant water on circuit pressure boundary.
In the first implementation of second aspect, the detection device that meets further includes a main detector；
The measuring unit, the main detector for being also used to meet according in detection device and meet detector detection institute
It states in the sample gas of sampling container,13The β of N+The γ of the emitted γ photon of decay meets background count, to calculate output symbol
Close background counting rate.
It further include display in second of implementation of second aspect according to the first implementation of second aspect
Unit and electric control unit；
The display unit is connect with the measurement processing unit, the pressure for being obtained according to the measurement processing unit
The slip of the coolant water of water-water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking carries out corresponding display leakage situation；
The electric control unit is used to be the measurement respectively with the measurement processing unit and the display unit
Processing unit and the display unit provide voltage output.
The third aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of monitors, including pressure water described in second aspect any one
Heap primary Ioops boundary leaking monitors system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, system and monitor, one
A embodiment has the advantages that：
At sample point, the sample gas in containment is obtained by sampling conduit, and the sample gas is transported to
In sampling container, in sample gas that the sampling container is then detected by meeting detection device,13The β of N+Decay is emitted
Contrary γ-γ photon γ-γ coincidence counting, with calculate export γ-γ coincidence counting rate, it is described meet detection dress
It sets and meets detector including at least two, finally according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas, determine presurized water reactor one
The slip of the coolant water on circuit pressure boundary carries out the calculating of coincidence counting rate by meeting method, improves13N detection efficient,
It can be effectively reduced background, background ratio conventional method can be made to reduce about four magnitudes, detection efficient declines a magnitude, comprehensive
Measurement lower limit can be made to reduce a magnitude, i.e., it is 1L/h that detection limit, which can reach slip, is solved existing based on power spectrum side
The presurized water reactor nuclear power unit primary Ioops of method13The higher problem of N leakage monitoring system detection limit can be nuclear power monitoring instrument
More accurate leakage situation is provided using department employee, and meet method to substantially reduce the stability requirement of power spectrum, power spectrum drift
Shifting will not have an impact accuracy of measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate more clearly of technical solution of the present invention, attached drawing needed in embodiment will be made below
Simply introduce, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some embodiments of the present invention, general for this field
For logical technical staff, without creative efforts, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram for the presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method that first embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 2 is that sampling container, main detector and each vertical view for meeting detector that first embodiment of the invention provides are shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 3 is sampling container, main detector and each schematic diagram for meeting detector that first embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 4 is the entity schematic diagram for the sampling container that first embodiment of the invention provides.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram for the presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring system that second embodiment of the invention provides.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, the pressure
Water-water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method is integrated in presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring system, and including following step
Suddenly：
S11 obtains the sample gas in containment by sampling conduit, and the sample gas is defeated at sample point
It is sent in sampling container.
In embodiments of the present invention, sampling unit passes through sampling conduit in sample point first sample gas is pumped to sampling
In container, the sample gas in the sampling container is measured by the detection device that meets in measuring unit.The sampling
Container includes but is not limited to M-S container, and the sampling container is in cylindrical structure, and the material of the sampling container be (1 ±
0.1) stainless steel material of mm, the height of the sampling container are (80 ± 0.5) mm, are equipped with one first in the sampling container
Inner cavity and at least two second inner chambers, the first inner chamber are located at the middle part of the sampling container, and the first inner chamber, each
The height of the second inner chamber is (78 ± 0.5) mm, it should be noted that pressing force grade separation：Pressure vessel can be divided into
Internal pressure vessel and external pressure vessel；Internal pressure vessel can be divided into four pressure ratings by design pressure (p) size again, specific to divide such as
Under：(1) low pressure (code name L) container 0.1MPa≤p < 1.6MPa presses (code name M) container 1.6MPa≤p < 10.0MPa in (2),
(3) high pressure (code name H) container 10MPa≤p < 100MPa, (4) super-pressure (code name U) container p >=100MPa.(1MPa=
9.8Kg)；By the effect classification of container in production:(1) reaction pressure vessel (code name R):For completing the physics of medium, changing
Reaction is learned, (2) exchange heat pressure vessel (code name E):Heat for completing medium exchanges, (3) separation pressure vessel (code name S):
Fluid pressure balance for completing medium buffers and gas purification separation, (4) pressure store container (code name C, wherein spherical tank generation
Number B)：For storing, the media such as filling gas, liquid, liquefied gas.
S12, in the sample gas that the sampling container is detected by meeting detection device,13The β of N+Decay emitted side
To the γ-γ coincidence counting of opposite γ-γ photon, γ-γ coincidence counting rate is exported to calculate；Wherein, described to meet detection
Device meets detector including at least two.
In embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the present invention is carried out with method is met13The radioactivity survey of N, in terms of
The slip of the cold cut agent water of reactor-loop pressure boundary is calculated,13N be β+emitter, half-life period 9.96min, β+
Positron annihilation effect occurs for particle and matter interaction, and emits the γ photon that two energy are 0.511MeV, and two
A γ photon moves round about；Meet the basic principle of method：The event that meets in nuclear physics refers to two or two
The above concurrent, such as after cascade decay has occurred in an atomic nucleus, continuously radiate β ray and γ is penetrated
Line, then β and γ at this moment is known as a pair and meets event, if if this pair of β γ has respectively entered in two detectors,
By two detectors export pulse steering coincident circuit when can export a coincidence pulse, by the output of the two detectors
Signal, which is input in coincident circuit, can generate coincidence pulse signal, meet method be exactly by using coincident circuit come to meeting event
A kind of method of selection is carried out,13β occurs for N nucleic+It is 0.511MeV and contrary that decay, which will generate two energy after burying in oblivion,
γ photon, this is one and meets event, and the application meets thing to these at meeting detection device using multiple combinations of detectors
Part is detected.
In embodiments of the present invention, the detection device that meets further includes a main detector, releases γ according to positive electron
Meeting the main detector in detection device described in the characteristics of ray is determining, meeting detector is NaI (TI) scintillator detector,
The main detector met in detection device is set in the first inner chamber, and the detector that meets is set on any described second
It is interior intracavitary, it is preferable that please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the sampling container has a first inner chamber and 4 second inner chambers, institute
State that meet detection device include that a main detector and 4 meet detector, the main detector is located in the sampling container
In the first inner chamber of heart position, described 4 meet detector and are located in 4 second inner chambers of the sampling container.
In embodiments of the present invention, in sampling container13β occurs for N gas+Decay, releases that direction is any, energy 0
The β of~1.198MeV+Particle (as positive electron), β+After annihilation occurs for particle and ambient substance, both direction phase is generated
Instead, energy is the γ photon of 0.511MeV, and NaI (TI) scintillator detector includes for the detection process of γ photon：
The γ photon generated in sampling container enters sodium iodide crystal, interacts with crystal, generates secondary charged particle (electricity
Son) cause substance to ionize and excite again, excited atom shines during de excitation, and photon emits from scintillator and gets to light
The photocathode of electric multiplier tube, photon get electronics on photocathode, and photoelectron passes through the multiplication of each dynode of photomultiplier tube, most
It is collected afterwards by anode and just generates an electric impulse signal, so that output electric pulse signal is recorded and analyzed；Wherein, it needs
Bright, the interaction of γ photon and substance mainly has photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and electronics Pair production, positive electricity
Son buries in oblivion the γ photon for generating that two energy are 0.511MeV in sampling container, and light occurs for γ photon and sodium iodide crystal
Electrical effect, Compton effect, pair effect and in crystal sedimentary energy, so as to provide signal, when two detectors
When having signal output simultaneously think that a positron annihilation has occurred.
In embodiments of the present invention, the measuring unit according to the main detector met in detection device and meets detector
In the sample gas for detecting the sampling container,13The β of N+The γ of the emitted γ photon of decay meets background count, to calculate
Output meets background counting rate, please refers to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, detector is put into the designated position of the sampling container, non-
Presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring system is measured in the case of shielding and meets background count, puts position from 5 detectors
It sets it is found that when meeting detector combination of two and carrying out meeting output, 1,3 meet and 2,4 symbols in the presence of having radioactive source
It closes the difficult true coincidence that formed to count, the raising for meeting detection efficient is contributed less, therefore is given up in sample-out count and active measurement
1,3 meet the output signal met with 2,4, are effectively reduced using the measuring system for meeting method and meet background count, by
When the background of detector is not cascade event, and random signals occur only between background, two NaI detectors just can be simultaneously
Output signal can be effectively reduced background count using coincidence measurement, and coincidence measurement background counting rate is compared to single detector
Background counting rate reduces about four magnitudes, plays the role of to the detection limit for reducing measuring system vital.
In embodiments of the present invention, measuring unit is in meeting detection device, and described at least two to meet detector logical
The method for crossing card energy is detected respectively in the sample gas of the sampling container,13The β of N+Emitted both direction that decays is opposite
0.511Mev γ photon, the card energy i.e. when measure radiation energy, pass through detector reflection incoming particle energy；
Detector is the information for reflecting incoming particle by output pulse signal：Step-by-step counting reflects incoming particle number, single output
The impulse amplitude of signal reflects particle energy size；Detector output pulse amplitude and projectile energy linear proportional close
Impulse amplitude, is transformed into corresponding road location x by ADC analog-digital converter by system, is generally divided into 1024, road number and energy are line
Sexual intercourse：E(xi)=G*xi+E0；13It is (0.465-0.565) MeV that N, which monitors energy window, selects corresponding road location range can
With the corresponding energy of card, simultaneously because being carried out using method is met13The radioactivity survey of N, the energy window met due to this method
Mouth can block wider, right even if energy window expansion is twice13Counting and the background count measurement of N does not have shadow in this way
It ringing, therefore will be substantially reduced using stability requirement of this method to power spectrum, energy Frequency bias will not have an impact accuracy of measurement,
Then measuring unit meets meter according to the γ photon of all described two contrary 0.511Mev of detection progress γ-γ
Number, meets detection efficient and sets to calculate output and meet detection efficient as ε, thenIn formula,
N is γ-γ coincidence counting, and λ is decay coefficient, A0For t0What the moment measured13The β of N+Radioactive activity value, t1To meet detection
At the time of counting beginning, t2At the time of counting stopping to meet detection, it should be noted that meet method measurement in γ-gamma spectrum13In N experiment, meet the ratio that detection efficient refers to the disintegrating nucleus prime number in the total coincidence counting and measuring section measured
Value is the important physical parameter that presurized water reactor primary Ioops water slip calculates, due to13The half-life period of N nucleic is shorter, only
9.96min, therefore the radioactive activity in measurement process is changing always, therefore calculate later to meeting efficiency
Shi Buneng it is simple using initial measurement to radioactive activity value calculated, but should be found out by calculating in measurement
Between the nucleic number of radioactive decay occur in section calculated further according to the γ-γ coincidence counting measured with the two parameters
Sampling detection device meets detection efficient；The volume for finally meeting detection efficient and the sampling container according to obtains
γ-γ coincidence counting rate, if the volume of sampling container is V, if the γ-γ coincidence counting rate is nn, then nn=V × ε works as institute
When the radius for stating sampling container is 13cm, the γ-γ coincidence counting rate reaches maximum.
S13 determines the cold of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas
But the slip of agent water.
In embodiments of the present invention, measurement processing unit meets detection efficient according to and determines slip transmission coefficient,
If the slip transmission coefficient is K2, thenIn formula, λ is13N's declines
Become constant (unit h-1), V1For the dischargeable capacity of containment, ε is to meet detection efficient, and Q is sampling air mass flow, t4It is one
Dilution time, t are vaporized in containment after Loop Water leakage5For the transmission time in sampling conduit, t6For in sampling container
Meet the time of measuring of detection device, then according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate and slip biography in the sample gas
Defeated coefficient determines the slip of the cold cut agent water of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary；Wherein, if the slip is VL, thenIn formula, nnFor γ-γ coincidence counting rate, N1For in presurized water reactor primary Ioops water13The cuclear density of N, N1=
K1P, P are reactor capability (being indicated with the percentage of rated power), K1For proportionality coefficient, Proportional coefficient K1With L1(MW)-1For list
, in reactor-loop water13The cuclear density of N is directly proportional to core power, can accurately calculate out according to core structure.
In embodiments of the present invention, the functional evaluation standard meter as the presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method
Calculate minimum detectable activity and detection limit, according to the detection efficient of each detector and it is described meet local counting rate, determine
Minimum detectable activity and detection limit, the detector include main detector and it is each meet detector, if the minimum can
Detection activity is Sl, thenSlConfidence level be 95%.In formula, εinFor the detection efficient of detector, nbFor
Meet background counting rate, T is time of measuring (s)；If detection limit is LD, thenBy the minimum detectable activity
And the detection limit of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring system known to the detection limit is mainly by presurized water reactor primary Ioops side
Boundary's leakage monitoring system meets background counting rate, detection efficient decision.The present invention by rationally design the sampling container and
It is described to meet detection device and use meets method progress13The radioactivity survey of N reduces the monitoring of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking
The detection limit of system, raising meet detection efficient and γ-γ, and coincidence counting rate can be known by the calculated result of detection limit
The presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method of the application is by the coincidence method of measurement, so that measurement lower limit reduces a magnitude,
It is 1L/h that i.e. detection limit, which can reach slip, solves the existing presurized water reactor nuclear power unit one based on energy spectrum method and returns
Road13The higher problem of N leakage monitoring system detection limit.
In conclusion first embodiment of the invention provides a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, taking
At sampling point, the sample gas in containment is obtained by sampling conduit, and the sample gas is transported in sampling container, so
In the sample gas for detecting the sampling container by meeting detection device afterwards,13The β of N+Decay is emitted contrary
γ-γ the coincidence counting of γ-γ photon, to calculate the γ-γ coincidence counting rate that exports, the detection device that meets includes at least two
It is a to meet detector, finally according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas, determine presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary
Coolant water slip, by meet method carry out coincidence counting rate calculating, improve13N detection efficient, can be effectively reduced
Background can make background ratio conventional method reduce about four magnitudes, and detection efficient declines a magnitude, and synthesis can make measurement lower limit
A magnitude is reduced, i.e., it is 1L/h that detection limit, which can reach slip, solves the existing presurized water reactor core based on energy spectrum method
Power device primary Ioops13The higher problem of N leakage monitoring system detection limit can use department employee for nuclear power monitoring instrument
More accurate leakage situation is provided, and meet method to substantially reduce the stability requirement of power spectrum, energy Frequency bias will not be to measurement
Accuracy has an impact.
Referring to Fig. 5, second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring system, including
Sampling unit 11, measuring unit 12 and measurement processing unit 13.
The sampling unit 11 is connect with the measuring unit 12, for being obtained and being pacified by sampling conduit at sample point
Sample gas in full shell, and the sample gas is transported in sampling container.
The measuring unit 12 is connect with the measurement processing unit 13, for by meeting described in detection device detection
In the sample gas of sampling container,13The β of N+γ-γ the coincidence counting for the contrary γ-γ photon that decay is emitted, with
Calculate output γ-γ coincidence counting rate；Wherein, the detection device that meets includes at least two meeting detector.
The measurement processing unit 13, for determining presurized water reactor according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas
The slip of the coolant water of primary Ioops pressure boundary.
In the first implementation of second embodiment, the detection device that meets further includes a main detector；
The measuring unit 12, the main detector for being also used to meet according in detection device and meet detector detection
In the sample gas of the sampling container,13The β of N+The γ of the emitted γ photon of decay meets background count, to calculate output
Meet background counting rate.
The first implementation according to the second embodiment further includes in second of implementation of second embodiment
Display unit 14 and electric control unit 15.
The display unit 14 is connect with the measurement processing unit 13, for being obtained according to the measurement processing unit 13
The slip of the coolant water of the presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking taken carries out corresponding display leakage situation.
The electric control unit 15 is used for respectively with the measurement processing unit 13 and the display unit 14 as institute
It states measurement processing unit 13 and the display unit 14 provides voltage output.
Second of implementation according to the second embodiment, in the third implementation of second embodiment,
The sampling container includes M-S container.
The main detector met in detection device, to meet detector be NaI (TI) scintillator detector.
The sampling container is in cylindrical structure, and the material of the sampling container is the stainless steel of (1 ± 0.1) mm
Material.
The height of the sampling container is (80 ± 0.5) mm.
A first inner chamber and at least two second inner chambers are equipped in the sampling container, the first inner chamber is located at described
The middle part of sampling container, and the height of the first inner chamber, each second inner chamber is (78 ± 0.5) mm.
The main detector met in detection device is set in the first inner chamber, and the detector that meets is set on any
In the second inner chamber.
The third implementation according to the second embodiment, in the 4th kind of implementation of second embodiment,
The measuring unit 12 passes through card specifically in meeting detection device, described at least two meet detector
The method of energy is detected respectively in the sample gas of the sampling container,13The β of N+The emitted both direction of decaying is opposite
The γ photon of 0.511Mev；
γ-γ coincidence counting is carried out according to the γ photon of all described two contrary 0.511Mev of detection,
Meet detection efficient to calculate output；Wherein, if meeting detection efficient is ε, thenFormula
In, n is γ-γ coincidence counting, and λ is decay coefficient, A0For t0What the moment measured13The β of N+Radioactive activity value, t1To meet
At the time of detection counts beginning, t2At the time of counting stopping to meet detection；And
γ-γ coincidence counting rate is obtained according to the volume for meeting detection efficient and the sampling container；Wherein, if taking
Sample volume of a container is V, if the γ-γ coincidence counting rate is nn, then nn=V × ε.
The measurement processing unit 13 determines slip transmission coefficient specifically for meeting detection efficient according to；Its
In, if the slip transmission coefficient is K2, thenIn formula, λ is13N's
Decay coefficient (unit h-1), V1For the dischargeable capacity of containment, ε is to meet detection efficient, and Q is sampling air mass flow, t4For
Dilution time, t are vaporized in containment after the leakage of primary Ioops water5For the transmission time in sampling conduit, t6For in sampling container
In meet the time of measuring of detection device；And
According in the sample gas γ-γ coincidence counting rate and the slip transmission coefficient, determine presurized water reactor one
The slip of the cold cut agent water on circuit pressure boundary；Wherein, if the slip is VL, thenIn formula,
nnFor γ-γ coincidence counting rate, N1For in presurized water reactor primary Ioops water13The cuclear density of N, N1=K1P, P are reactor capability, K1For
Proportionality coefficient.
Third embodiment of the invention provides a kind of monitor, including presurized water reactor described in any one of second embodiment
Primary Ioops boundary leaking monitors system.
In embodiments of the present invention, the monitor includes presurized water reactor primary Ioops described in any one of second embodiment
Boundary leaking monitors system, and it is 1L/h that the detection limit of the monitor, which can reach slip, solves existing based on power spectrum
The presurized water reactor nuclear power unit primary Ioops of method13The higher problem of N leakage monitoring system detection limit can be nuclear power monitor
Device provides more accurate leakage situation using department employee, and meets method and will substantially reduce to the stability requirement of power spectrum, power spectrum
Drift will not have an impact accuracy of measurement.
It should be noted that the apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, wherein described be used as separation unit
The unit of explanation may or may not be physically separated, and component shown as a unit can be or can also be with
It is not physical unit, it can it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can be according to actual
It needs that some or all of the modules therein is selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.In addition, device provided by the invention
In embodiment attached drawing, the connection relationship between module indicate between them have communication connection, specifically can be implemented as one or
A plurality of communication bus or signal wire.Those of ordinary skill in the art are without creative efforts, it can understand
And implement.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
At sample point, the sample gas in containment is obtained by sampling conduit, and the sample gas is transported to sampling
In container；
In the sample gas for detecting the sampling container by meeting detection device,13The β of N+Decay is emitted contrary
γ-γ the coincidence counting of γ-γ photon exports γ-γ coincidence counting rate to calculate；Wherein, the detection device that meets includes
At least two meet detector；
According to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas, the coolant water of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary is determined
Slip.
2. presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to meet detection
Device further includes a main detector；
The then presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method further includes：
According to the main detector met in detection device and meets detector and detect in the sample gas of the sampling container
,13The β of N+The γ of the emitted γ photon of decay meets background count, meets background counting rate to calculate output.
3. presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the sampling container
Including M-S container；
The main detector met in detection device, to meet detector be NaI (TI) scintillator detector；
The sampling container is in cylindrical structure, and the material of the sampling container is the stainless steel material of (1 ± 0.1) mm；
The height of the sampling container is (80 ± 0.5) mm；
A first inner chamber and at least two second inner chambers are equipped in the sampling container, the first inner chamber is located at the sampling
The middle part of container, and the height of the first inner chamber, each second inner chamber is (78 ± 0.5) mm；
The main detector met in detection device is set in the first inner chamber, and the detector that meets is set on any described
In second inner chamber.
4. presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described by meeting
Detection device detects in the sample gas of the sampling container,13The β of N+Decay the contrary γ-γ photon emitted
γ-γ coincidence counting, to export γ-γ coincidence counting rate, specially：
In meeting detection device, described at least two meet detector detects the sampling appearance by the method for card energy respectively
In the sample gas of device,13The β of N+The γ photon of the opposite 0.511Mev of the emitted both direction of decay；
γ-γ coincidence counting is carried out according to the γ photon of all described two contrary 0.511Mev of detection, in terms of
It calculates output and meets detection efficient；Wherein, if meeting detection efficient is ε, thenIn formula, n
For γ-γ coincidence counting, λ is decay coefficient, A0For t0What the moment measured13The β of N+Radioactive activity value, t1To meet detection
At the time of counting beginning, t2At the time of counting stopping to meet detection；
γ-γ coincidence counting rate is obtained according to the volume for meeting detection efficient and the sampling container；Wherein, if sampling is held
The volume of device is V, if the γ-γ coincidence counting rate is nn, then nn=V × ε.
5. presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described according to
γ-γ coincidence counting rate in sample gas, determines the slip of the coolant water of presurized water reactor primary Ioops pressure boundary, specifically
For：
Slip transmission coefficient is determined according to the detection efficient that meets；Wherein, if the slip transmission coefficient is K2, thenIn formula, λ is13Decay coefficient (the unit h of N-1), V1For containment
Dischargeable capacity, ε is to meet detection efficient, and Q is sampling air mass flow, t4It is dilute to be vaporized in containment after the leakage of primary Ioops water
It releases the time, t5For the transmission time in sampling conduit, t6For the time of measuring for meeting detection device in sampling container；
According in the sample gas γ-γ coincidence counting rate and the slip transmission coefficient, determine presurized water reactor primary Ioops
The slip of the cold cut agent water of pressure boundary；Wherein, if the slip is VL, thenIn formula, nnFor
γ-γ coincidence counting rate, N1For in presurized water reactor primary Ioops water13The cuclear density of N, N1=K1P, P are reactor capability, K1For ratio
Coefficient.
6. according to claim 1 to presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method described in 5 any one, which is characterized in that
According to the detection efficient of each detector and it is described meet local counting rate, determine minimum detectable activity and detection limit, with
Functional evaluation standard as the presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitoring method；Wherein, the detector includes main detection
Device and it is each meet detector, if the minimum detectable activity be Sl, thenIn formula, εinFor detector
Detection efficient, nbTo meet background counting rate, T is time of measuring；If detection limit is LD, then
7. a kind of presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking monitors system, which is characterized in that including sampling unit, measuring unit and measurement
Processing unit；
The sampling unit is connect with the measuring unit, for being obtained in containment at sample point by sampling conduit
Sample gas, and the sample gas is transported in sampling container；
The measuring unit is connect with the measurement processing unit, for detecting the sampling container by meeting detection device
Sample gas in,13The β of N+γ-γ the coincidence counting for the contrary γ-γ photon that decay is emitted, to calculate output
γ-γ coincidence counting rate；Wherein, the detection device that meets includes at least two meeting detector；
The measurement processing unit, for determining presurized water reactor primary Ioops according to the γ-γ coincidence counting rate in the sample gas
The slip of the coolant water of pressure boundary.
8. presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking according to claim 7 monitors system, which is characterized in that described to meet detection
Device further includes a main detector；
The measuring unit, the main detector for being also used to meet according in detection device and meet detector detection described in take
In the sample gas of sample container,13The β of N+The γ of the emitted γ photon of decay meets background count, meets this to calculate output
Bottom counting rate.
9. presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary leaking according to claim 8 monitors system, which is characterized in that further include that display is single
Member and electric control unit；
The display unit is connect with the measurement processing unit, the presurized water reactor for being obtained according to the measurement processing unit
The slip of the coolant water of primary Ioops boundary leaking carries out corresponding display leakage situation；
The electric control unit is used to be the measurement processing respectively with the measurement processing unit and the display unit
Unit and the display unit provide voltage output.
10. a kind of monitor, which is characterized in that including the presurized water reactor primary Ioops boundary as described in claim 7 to 9 any one
Leakage monitoring system.
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