CN109581468A - Weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under a kind of environmental exact details - Google Patents
Weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under a kind of environmental exact details Download PDFInfo
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- CN109581468A CN109581468A CN201910000428.9A CN201910000428A CN109581468A CN 109581468 A CN109581468 A CN 109581468A CN 201910000428 A CN201910000428 A CN 201910000428A CN 109581468 A CN109581468 A CN 109581468A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
Abstract
The invention discloses gamma ray radiator recognition methods weak under a kind of environmental exact details, belong to weak signal identification field, it is therefore intended that solve under field environment, when radioactive source distance farther out when, the signal of detector can be weaker, is easy the problem of being influenced by environmental exact details.This method comprises the following steps: (1) measuring primitive characteristic amount Rref；(2) practical measurement；(3) compare: if the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefMeet, or meet in error range, i.e., it is believed that prosthetic gamma emitter；If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefDifference be greater than some threshold value, then there are artificial gamma emitters in determination of the environment.Improvement based on the above method, the present invention can effectively realize that the artificial gamma emitter weak signal under environmental exact details identifies, effectively solve the problems, such as that preceding method exists.Operation of the present invention is convenient, and rationally, experiment accuracy of measurement is high, application value with higher for design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radiation detection field, especially weak signals to identify field, weak γ under specially a kind of environmental exact details
Radiate source discrimination.
Background technique
Natural radiation background level reason of changes is very much (such as: height above sea level, shielding, self-shileding, building structure, construction material, soil
Earth type, time, season, solar activity etc.), and amplitude of variation can be very big.When due to field radioactive source distance farther out, detection
The signal of device can be weaker.At this moment, the fluctuation of background can seriously affect the identification of radiation source signal.
For this purpose, there is an urgent need to a kind of new methods, to solve the above problems.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention is: under field environment, when radioactive source distance farther out when, the signal meeting of detector
It is weaker, it is easy the problem of being influenced by environmental exact details, weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under a kind of environmental exact details is provided.Energy of the present invention
It is enough effectively to solve the above problems, realize the weak signal identification under environmental exact details.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under a kind of environmental exact details, includes the following steps:
(1) primitive characteristic amount R is measuredref
Measured in advance goes out natural gamma radiation background, and upper-level threshold S is arranged in gained pulse-height spectrumuWith lower threshold Sd, survey respectively
It is fixed to pass through lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, pass through upper-level threshold SuIntergral counting rate Ru, co-domain S is calculateduAbove integrating meter
Digit rate RuWith lower threshold SdAbove intergral counting rate RdThe ratio between, i.e. primitive characteristic amount Rref；When carrying out natural gamma radiation measurement, no
Difference between same measurement data is only to be determined by the distribution of pulses feature of natural radiation, constitutes primitive characteristic amount Rref；
(2) practical measurement
It is measured in determination of the environment, in gained pulse-height spectrum, upper-level threshold S identical with step 1 is setuWith lower threshold
Sd, measurement passes through upper-level threshold S respectivelyuIntergral counting rate RuWith pass through lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, lower threshold S is calculateddWith
On intergral counting rate RdWith upper-level threshold SuAbove intergral counting rate RuThe ratio between R；
(3) compare
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefMeet, or meets in error range
Think prosthetic gamma emitter；
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefDifference be greater than the threshold value that is previously set, then survey
Determine in environment that there are artificial gamma emitters.
In the step 3, threshold value is determined by experiment.
In the step 1, primitive characteristic amount RrefIt is almost a constant under designated environment.
Upper-level threshold, the lower threshold set in the step 2 is identical as the upper-level threshold, lower threshold that step 1 is set respectively.
With the left end intersection point of 10% place horizontal line of the all-round peak heights of energy of γ ray to be measured and full energy peak for lower threshold,
Using right end intersection point as upper-level threshold.The upper-level threshold of measured in advance energy of γ ray and lower threshold.
Upper-level threshold is the radiation highest gamma energy that can be measured, and low energy gamma emitter only a few pulses can pass through upper-level threshold；Lower threshold
Energy is low as far as possible, to block Electronics noice.
The upper-level threshold SuFor at least one.
The upper-level threshold SuQuantity it is identical as the quantity of radiation source.
For multimetering, include the following steps:
(a) primitive characteristic amount R is measuredref
Measured in advance goes out natural gamma radiation background, and upper-level threshold S is arranged in gained pulse-height spectrumuWith lower threshold Sd, survey respectively
It is fixed to pass through lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, pass through upper-level threshold SuIntergral counting rate Ru, co-domain S is calculateduAbove integrating meter
Digit rate RuWith lower threshold SdAbove intergral counting rate RdThe ratio between, i.e. primitive characteristic amount Rref；When carrying out natural gamma radiation measurement, no
Difference between same measurement data is only to be determined by the distribution of pulses feature of natural radiation, constitutes primitive characteristic amount Rref；
(b) practical measurement
It is measured in determination of the environment, in gained pulse-height spectrum, upper-level threshold S identical with step 1 is setuWith lower threshold
Sd, measurement passes through upper-level threshold S respectivelyuIntergral counting rate RuWith pass through lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, lower threshold S is calculateddWith
On intergral counting rate RdWith upper-level threshold SuAbove intergral counting rate RuThe ratio between R；
(3) compare
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefMeet, or meets in error range
Think prosthetic gamma emitter；
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefDifference be greater than the threshold value that is previously set, then survey
Determine in environment that there are artificial gamma emitters.
The study found that the γ of a certain energy radiates the pulse-height spectrum in detector for specific detector
Shape be it is fixed, the ratio between Compton platform and full energy peak are also fixed.When γ radiation intensification or decrease, can only change
The whole height of pulse-height spectrum, but shape can't be changed.The environmental exact details γ of multiple and different energy is radiated in detector
In signal be simple superposition.Ingredient in radioactivity background is generally more stable, therefore the shape of superimposed pulse amplitude spectrum
Shape will not change with the fluctuation of background.Based on the above results, the present invention has carried out corresponding conceptual design.
As shown in Figure 1, two threshold values: upper-level threshold S are arranged in pulse-height spectrumuWith lower threshold Sd.Measurement passes through upper-level threshold S respectivelyu
With lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate RuAnd Rd.Due to shape invariance, lower threshold S can be obtaineddAbove intergral counting rate RdWith it is upper
Intergral counting rate R more than domaindThe ratio between R.R and reference count rate ratio (primitive characteristic amount Rref, Rref=Ru/R0) be compared.
RrefIt is by same threshold SuAnd SdUnder the conditions of the natural radiation intergral counting rate R that obtainsuAnd RdPulse height distribution export
's.
Set up 2 or more impulse amplitude energy thresholds.High threshold is taken as the highest gamma energy for the artificial radioactive source that can be measured, low energy γ
Emitter only a few pulses can pass through high threshold.In contrast, low threshold energy measures low as far as possible, blocks Electronics noice.
The integrated pulse that measurement is higher than this two threshold value in actual monitoring counts.
When only existing natural gamma radiation, the difference between different measurement data is only the pulse point by natural radiation
Cloth feature determines, constitutes primitive characteristic amount Rref.When there is artificial γ radiation, more than high threshold counting with either with or without man-made radiation
Source is unrelated, and counting more than low threshold is related with whether there is or not artificial radioactive sources.By the reference data ratio of low threshold data and natural radiation
It more just can determine whether the presence of man-made radiation.
Primitive characteristic amount RrefAn almost constant can be found out before formal measurement by initialization survey in advance.
After ratio is calculated from the low and high energy threshold counting rate data of actual measurement, with pre-determined natural gamma radiation primitive characteristic amount RrefThan
Compared with if with natural gamma radiation characteristic quantity RrefMeet, or meet in error range, i.e., it is believed that prosthetic gamma emitter.Such as
The difference of both fruits is greater than characteristic quantity RrefSome threshold value of setting, it can be determined that with the presence of artificial gamma emitter.It is more to measure
Radiation source can set multiple high thresholds.
Improvement based on the above method, the present invention can effectively realize that the artificial gamma emitter weak signal under environmental exact details is known
Not, effectively solve the problems, such as that preceding method exists.Operation of the present invention is convenient, and rationally, experiment accuracy of measurement is high for design, have compared with
High application value.
Detailed description of the invention
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is that threshold value sets schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that the source Cs of 1s~4s different distance judges sensitivity test result.
Fig. 3 is that the source Am of 1s~4s different distance judges sensitivity test result.
Fig. 4 is that the source Cs of 10s~30s different distance judges sensitivity test result.
Fig. 5 is that the source Am of 10s~30s different distance judges sensitivity test result.
Fig. 6 is that the source Cs of 1min~4min different distance judges sensitivity test result.
Fig. 7 is that the source Am of 1min~4min different distance judges sensitivity test result.
Specific embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification unless specifically stated can be equivalent or with similar purpose by other
Alternative features are replaced.That is, unless specifically stated, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
?.
Embodiment 1
Experiment uses241Am and137Cs gamma ray radiator simulating pollution.241Am and137The Characteristic γ ray in the source Cs is respectively
59.5keV and 661keV.The 2 π γ emissivity in two sources are respectively 2.56E+04/s and 3.18E+04/s.Detector is adopted in experiment
With the lanthanum bromide of Ф 1.5 ' × 1.5 ' LaBr3Scintillator detector.241Am and137Cs gamma ray radiator is chosen and is visited from the position of 0.5m
It surveys the different distance of device to measure, analyzes source signal characteristics in detector signal, utilize RrefIt carries out judging whether discovery radiation
Source, judgment method are as previously described.
When detector is selected, intrinsic detection efficient is accordingly fixed.The judgement of influence source because being known as 2: time and distance.
3 representative sections of time of measuring point: second-time, 10 second-times and minute magnitude.The range of distance is measured in 50cm
The section~250cm.
The γ emissivity for testing the source Am and the source Cs used relatively, is conducive to compare different-energy gamma-rays to judgement
Whether there is or not the sensitivity of radioactive source.The characteristic quantity R of backgroundrefFluctuation range take the section of ± 2 σ, confidence level 95.5%.With this
To refer to, if measurement characteristic quantity RrefValue fall in the characteristic quantity R of backgroundrefFluctuation ± 2 sections σ outside, then it is assumed that discovery source
Confidence level be approximately 95.5%.Experimental result is as shown in Figure 2 to 7.In Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, the pecked line pair of top
+ 2 σ, -2 σ of pecked line correspondence markings of lower section should be marked.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 can be seen that background and characteristic quantity RrefFluctuation it is larger, this is because count it is less caused by.?
Characteristic quantity R in Fig. 2, after distance is more than 50cm, in the time of measuring of 1s~4srefFluctuation range is almost risen by background
It is covered between settling in an area, it is more difficult to find the source Cs.In Fig. 3, after distance is more than 60cm, the more difficult discovery Am of the time of measuring of 1s~4s
Source.Through comparison it is found that in the case where source strength is about the same, using detector to the higher detection efficient of low-energyγ-ray
Characteristic can obtain more signals, reduce fluctuation, sensitiveer to low-energy gamma source signal.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the measurement results extended to time of measuring after 10s~30s magnitude.10s is obviously compared in the fluctuation of 30s
Fluctuation it is smaller, primitive characteristic amount Rref± 2 σ fluctuation sections obviously narrow, source characteristic quantity RrefIt is easier to fall in primitive characteristic
Other than ± 2 σ fluctuation sections for measuring Rref.The time of measuring of 10s~30s can under 95.5% high confidence level detective distance
The Cs radioactive source of 90cm, and identical time of measuring can find the Am radioactive source of 140cm under 95.5% high confidence level.
Time of measuring is further extended to 1min~4min by Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Primitive characteristic amount Rref± 2 σ fluctuation sections
It is reduced to ± 11%, is more advantageous to and determines whether to find source.Source signal characteristics amount RrefFluctuation equally narrow, allow to send out
Now more remote radioactive source.As can be seen that caning be found that the source Cs at 150cm, Fig. 7 under 95.5% confidence level in Fig. 6
In as can be seen that under 95.5% confidence level it can be found that 200cm at the source Am.
By the farthest Feed Discovery ability under the available response condition of Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, (95.5% is set
Reliability), as shown in table 1 below.
1 farthest Feed Discovery ability (95.5% confidence level) of table
For different detectors, need to need to realize that determination is gamma-ray to variety classes gamma-rays radioactive source in advance
Upper-level threshold and lower threshold.
The invention is not limited to specific embodiments above-mentioned.The present invention, which expands to, any in the present specification to be disclosed
New feature or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new combination.
Claims (7)
1. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under a kind of environmental exact details, which comprises the steps of:
(1) primitive characteristic amount R is measuredref
Measured in advance goes out natural gamma radiation background, and upper-level threshold S is arranged in gained pulse-height spectrumuWith lower threshold Sd, measurement is logical respectively
Cross down threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, pass through upper-level threshold SuIntergral counting rate Ru, co-domain S is calculateduAbove intergral counting rate
RuWith lower threshold SdAbove intergral counting rate RdThe ratio between, i.e. primitive characteristic amount Rref；It is different when carrying out natural gamma radiation measurement
Difference between measurement data is only to be determined by the distribution of pulses feature of natural radiation, constitutes primitive characteristic amount Rref；
(2) practical measurement
It is measured in determination of the environment, in gained pulse-height spectrum, upper-level threshold S identical with step 1 is setuWith lower threshold Sd, point
Upper-level threshold S Ce Ding not passed throughuIntergral counting rate RuWith pass through lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, lower threshold S is calculateddAbove product
Divide counting rate RdWith upper-level threshold SuAbove intergral counting rate RuThe ratio between R；
(3) compare
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefMeet, or meet in error range, i.e., it is believed that
Prosthetic gamma emitter；
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefDifference be greater than the threshold value that is previously set, then measure ring
There are artificial gamma emitters in border.
2. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under environmental exact details according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, threshold
Value is determined by experiment.
3. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under environmental exact details according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, this
Bottom characteristic quantity RrefIt is almost a constant under designated environment.
4. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under any one environmental exact details according to claim 1 ~ 3, which is characterized in that the step
Upper-level threshold, the lower threshold set in rapid 2 is identical as the upper-level threshold, lower threshold that step 1 is set respectively.
5. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under any one environmental exact details according to claim 1 ~ 5, which is characterized in that on described
Threshold SuFor at least one.
6. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under environmental exact details according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the upper-level threshold SuNumber
It measures identical as the quantity of radiation source.
7. weak gamma ray radiator recognition methods under any one environmental exact details according to claim 1 ~ 7, which is characterized in that used
It is as follows in the operating procedure of multimetering:
(a) primitive characteristic amount R is measuredref
Measured in advance goes out natural gamma radiation background, and upper-level threshold S is arranged in gained pulse-height spectrumuWith lower threshold Sd, measurement is logical respectively
Cross down threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, pass through upper-level threshold SuIntergral counting rate Ru, co-domain S is calculateduAbove intergral counting rate
RuWith lower threshold SdAbove intergral counting rate RdThe ratio between, i.e. primitive characteristic amount Rref；It is different when carrying out natural gamma radiation measurement
Difference between measurement data is only to be determined by the distribution of pulses feature of natural radiation, constitutes primitive characteristic amount Rref；
(b) practical measurement
It is measured in determination of the environment, in gained pulse-height spectrum, upper-level threshold S identical with step 1 is setuWith lower threshold Sd, point
Upper-level threshold S Ce Ding not passed throughuIntergral counting rate RuWith pass through lower threshold SdIntergral counting rate Rd, lower threshold S is calculateddAbove product
Divide counting rate RdWith upper-level threshold SuAbove intergral counting rate RuThe ratio between R；
(3) compare
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefMeet, or meet in error range, i.e., it is believed that
Prosthetic gamma emitter；
If the primitive characteristic amount R that R and step 1 that step 2 measures are measuredrefDifference be greater than the threshold value that is previously set, then measure ring
There are artificial gamma emitters in border.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110658549A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-07 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Background medium and weak signal-to-noise ratio improving method and application |
| CN112462408A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-03-09 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Method for searching weak radioactive source in background by Bayesian analysis |
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