CN209763081U - High-temperature high-pressure vertical boiler for waste incineration - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of municipal solid waste incineration, in particular to a high-temperature high-pressure vertical waste incineration boiler, which is a vertical suspension structure and has the main steam temperature of 540 ℃ and the main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa; the device comprises a water-cooled combustion chamber, wherein a first channel, a second channel connecting channel, a second channel, a third channel and a fourth channel are sequentially arranged in the flow direction of flue gas. Wherein the upper part of the two channels is provided with a screen type superheater, an evaporation protector I, an evaporation protector II, a high-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature superheater and a low-temperature superheater are sequentially arranged in the three channels, and the four channels are provided with an economizer; the adopted screen superheater can heat the steam to 540 ℃, so that the heat efficiency of a steam turbine generator unit system of a matched waste incineration power plant is improved to 34%.

Description

High-temperature high-pressure vertical boiler for waste incineration

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an urban domestic waste burns the field, and especially main steam temperature is 540 ℃, and main steam pressure is 9.8 MPa's waste incineration boiler.

Background

At present, the boiler steam of domestic and foreign waste incineration power plants is mostly 4MPa and 400 ℃, and the generating heat efficiency of the whole plant is generally lower than that of a conventional fuel power plant due to low initial steam parameter. At present, the heat efficiency of waste incineration power generation is improved mainly by three modes of improving the initial pressure of steam, improving the temperature of the steam and reheating the steam in the middle, wherein the optimal and effective technical means is to improve the temperature and the pressure of the steam. However, since the domestic garbage contains elements such as Cl, S and alkali metals, the superheater and the water cooling system are subject to high temperature corrosion after the steam temperature and pressure are increased. At present, in order to solve the high-temperature corrosion of a water cooling system and a superheater, a nickel-based or titanium-based surfacing anti-corrosion process with high price is mostly adopted, and when the temperature of main steam exceeds 500 ℃, the nickel-based and titanium-based surfacing layers are also quickly corroded.

the utility model relates to a main steam temperature is 540 ℃, and main steam pressure is 9.8 MPa's vertical boiler of msw incineration, can improve turbo generator set thermal efficiency to more than 34%, adopts simultaneously to lay special high heat conduction castables or isolated pipe of plastics and flue gas direct contact to effectively solve the high temperature corrosion problem, ensure water-cooling wall and over heater safety for a long time, steady operation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, the specific technical scheme of the utility model is that: a high-temperature high-pressure vertical boiler for incinerating garbage has a main steam temperature of 540 ℃ and a main steam pressure of 9.8MPa, and is of a vertical suspension structure. A water-cooled combustion chamber is adopted, and then a first channel, a second channel connecting channel, a second channel, a third channel and a fourth channel are sequentially arranged in the flow direction of flue gas. Wherein, the upper part of the two channels is provided with a screen type superheater, the three channels are internally provided with an evaporation protector I, an evaporation protector II, a high temperature superheater, a medium temperature superheater and a low temperature superheater in sequence, and the four channels are provided with an economizer.

Furthermore, the combustion chamber adopts a full water-cooling structure, areas in contact with garbage adopt refractory bricks, other areas are laid with high-heat-conductivity silicon carbide casting materials, one channel is completely laid with the high-heat-conductivity silicon carbide casting materials, and a nickel-based anticorrosive coating is not adopted.

The platen superheater is made of TP347H, and high-thermal-conductivity plastic is laid outside and arranged on the upper part of the two channels.

The front walls of the two channels adopt nickel-based anticorrosive coatings, and high-heat-conductivity refractory castable is laid on the tops of the two channels, left and right walls and rear walls of the platen superheater area.

And the front wall of the lower part of the two channels and the left and right walls are provided with SNCR spray guns.

A coil pipe type evaporation protector I is arranged at the lower part of the three channels, large transverse pitch is adopted, and a steam soot blower is adopted for removing soot.

And an upper header type evaporation protector II and a lower header type evaporation protector II are arranged in the three channels, a large transverse pitch is adopted, and a steam soot blower is adopted at the same time.

the high-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the low-temperature superheater are of serpentine tube structures, adopt large transverse pitches and adopt steam soot blowers simultaneously.

The coal economizer adopts a coiled pipe structure, adopts a shock wave soot blower and is provided with a siphon type drainage device.

A trace water spraying desuperheater is arranged between the screen type superheater and the high-temperature superheater, and a secondary water spraying desuperheater and a primary water spraying desuperheater are respectively arranged between the high-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the low-temperature superheater.

The gas recirculation technology is adopted, and the gas recirculation and secondary air share a nozzle which is arranged in the front arch area and the rear arch area of the combustion chamber.

The utility model discloses the combustion chamber adopts full water-cooling structure, encircles the region around and sets up flue gas recirculation and overgrate air nozzle, can effectively solve the furnace coking, reduce nitrogen oxide concentration and improve msw incineration boiler efficiency. And a high-thermal-conductivity silicon carbide casting material is completely laid in one channel, so that the high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall is solved, and the radiation heat absorption capacity of the channel is increased. The platen superheater is arranged in a high-temperature area at the upper part of the two channels, and high-heat-conductivity plastic material is laid outside to ensure that steam is heated to 540 ℃, and meanwhile, the problem of high-temperature corrosion of the superheater is effectively solved. Three layers of hearth soot blowers are arranged on the front walls of the two channels, and SNCR spray guns are arranged on the lower front wall and the left and right walls. And the three-channel inlet is sequentially provided with an evaporation protector I and an evaporation protector II so as to reduce the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the high-temperature superheater. And a nickel-based surfacing anti-corrosion coating is adopted in the area where the steam temperature of the high-temperature superheater is higher than 450 ℃, and TP347H is adopted in the rest part to prevent high-temperature corrosion. The economizer adopts a coiled pipe structure, reduces the leakage risk and is provided with a siphon drainage device. The utility model discloses msw incineration boiler main steam parameter is 9.8MPa, 540 ℃, makes supporting msw incineration power plant turbo generator set system thermal efficiency improve more than 34%.

Drawings

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vertical boiler for incinerating refuse at high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540 ℃).

FIG. 2 is a steam flow diagram of a superheating system.

In the figure 1, 1 is an incinerator system, 2 is a boiler steel structure, 3 is a boiler barrel, 4 is a water-cooled combustion chamber, 5 is a first channel, 6 is a second channel, 7 is a third channel, 8 is a fourth channel, 9 is a screen superheater, 10 is an evaporation protector II, 11 is a high-temperature superheater, 12 is a medium-temperature superheater, 13 is a low-temperature superheater, 14 is a primary water spray desuperheater, 15 is a secondary water spray desuperheater, 16 is a trace water spray desuperheater, 17 is an economizer, 18 is a steam soot blower, 19 is a shock wave soot blower, 20 is a hearth soot blower, 21 is a secondary channel connecting flue, 22 is an evaporation protector I, 23 is a flue gas recirculation nozzle and a secondary air nozzle.

In FIG. 2, 25 is a drum, 26 is a low-temperature superheater, 27 is a primary water spray desuperheater, 28 is a medium-temperature superheater, 29 is a secondary water spray desuperheater, 30 is a high-temperature superheater, 31 is a micro water spray desuperheater, 32 is a screen superheater, and 33 is a steam collection box.

Detailed Description

In figure 1, garbage is burned in an incinerator system (1), generated high-temperature flue gas enters a garbage incineration vertical boiler for waste heat recovery, and generated high-quality steam is sent to a steam turbine generator set. A high-temperature and high-pressure (9.8MPa and 540 ℃) waste incineration boiler is of a vertical suspension structure, and a boiler steel structure (2) is sequentially suspended with a channel (5), a secondary channel connecting flue (21), a secondary channel (6), a three channel (7) and a four channel (8). The water-cooled combustion chamber (4) is composed of film type water-cooled walls around a fire grate, firebricks are laid in the areas contacting with garbage, and high-heat-conductivity silicon carbide casting materials are laid in the rest areas to reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber and avoid coking. The flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles (23) are arranged in the front arch area and the rear arch area of the water-cooled combustion chamber (4), so that the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the outlet of the incinerator can be reduced, the combustion chamber is prevented from coking, the efficiency of the waste incineration boiler is improved, and meanwhile, the proportion of secondary air and recirculated flue gas can be adjusted according to the heat value and the heat load condition of waste. The first channel (5) and the second channel connecting flue (21) are laid with high heat conduction silicon carbide casting materials to isolate the direct contact of the pipes and the flue gas so as to avoid high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall. Platen superheater (9) arranges on two passageway (6) upper portions, and the tube panel outside lays special high heat conduction plastic and is located the high temperature flue gas region simultaneously to obtain higher heat transfer efficiency, isolated flue gas and pipe direct contact are in order thoroughly to solve superheater high temperature corrosion problem simultaneously. Three layers of hearth soot blowers are arranged on the front walls of the two channels (6), the front walls can be subjected to steam soot blowing to keep the radiant heating surface clean, and SNCR spray guns are arranged on the front walls at the lower part and the left and right walls to ensure the denitration efficiency in the furnace. A coil pipe type evaporation protector I is arranged at the lower part of the three channels (7), the transverse pitch is 270mm, and meanwhile, steam is adopted for soot blowing. An evaporation protector II (10), a high-temperature superheater (11), a medium-temperature superheater (12) and a low-temperature superheater (13) are arranged in the three channels (7), a coal economizer (17) is arranged in the four channels (8), and the convection heating surfaces are all suspended on the boiler steel structure (2) through suspenders. The high-temperature superheater (11), the medium-temperature superheater (12) and the low-temperature superheater (13) all adopt large transverse pitches, and a steam soot blower (18) is adopted for cleaning soot, so that soot deposition and coking of the tube bundle are avoided, and ash and slag high-temperature molten salt corrosion of a high-temperature area pipe is avoided. The coal economizer (17) is positioned in a low-temperature area, and a shock wave soot blower (19) is adopted for ash removal so as to reduce the initial investment and the running cost of the equipment. High temperature over heater (11), well temperature over heater (12), low temperature over heater (13), economizer (17) all adopt serpentine tube structure, compare upper and lower header structure before have low in manufacturing cost and do not have fillet weld and leak the risk, the economizer sets up hydrocone type hydrophobic means in order to solve the hydraulic test and economizer tube bank drainage problem when blowing out simultaneously.

In fig. 2, saturated steam from a drum (25) passes through a low-temperature superheater (26), a primary water spray desuperheater (27), a medium-temperature superheater (28), a secondary water spray desuperheater (29), a high-temperature superheater (30), a trace water spray desuperheater (31) and a platen superheater (32) in sequence, and the steam is heated to a design temperature of 540 ℃. Through the water spray attemperator between every two levels of superheaters, the temperature of steam entering a lower level superheater can be flexibly adjusted, the temperature of a main steam outlet is ensured to be within a required range, and the attemperation water comes from a boiler water supply main pipe. The heat of the flue gas is mainly transferred to the platen superheater in a radiation mode and then sequentially passes through special plastic materials and steam in the tube heating tube to 540 ℃.

The utility model discloses a main steam temperature is 540 ℃ waste incineration exhaust-heat boiler platen superheater. The screen superheater comprises a heated tube screen, a pin, a special plastic material, a tube clamp, an upper header, a flexible sealing device, a hanging device and an overhaul manhole. The platen superheater lays plastic, and isolated pipe and flue gas contact thoroughly solve high temperature corrosion. The platen superheater can heat the steam to 540 ℃, so that the thermal efficiency of a steam turbine generator unit system of a matched waste incineration power plant is improved to 34%.

Claims (5)

1. A high-temperature high-pressure vertical boiler for incinerating garbage is characterized in that the vertical boiler for incinerating garbage with main steam temperature of 540 ℃ and main steam pressure of 9.8MPa is of a vertical suspension structure; the device comprises a water-cooled combustion chamber, wherein a channel, a two-channel connecting channel, a three-channel connecting channel and a four-channel connecting channel are sequentially arranged in the flow direction of flue gas; wherein the upper part of the two channels is provided with a screen type superheater, an evaporation protector I, an evaporation protector II, a high-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature superheater and a low-temperature superheater are sequentially arranged in the three channels, and the four channels are provided with an economizer;

The combustion chamber adopts a full water-cooling structure, a region in contact with garbage adopts refractory bricks, the rest regions are laid with high-heat-conductivity silicon carbide casting materials, one channel is completely laid with the high-heat-conductivity silicon carbide casting materials, and a nickel-based anticorrosive coating is not adopted;

The platen superheater is made of TP347H, and high-heat-conductivity plastic material is laid outside and arranged at the upper part of the two channels;

The front walls of the two channels adopt nickel-based anticorrosive coatings, and high-heat-conductivity refractory castable is laid on the tops of the two channels, left and right walls and rear walls of a platen superheater area;

The front wall of the two channels is provided with a three-layer hearth soot blower for cleaning soot, and the front wall and the left and right walls at the lower part of the two channels are provided with SNCR spray guns;

A coil pipe type evaporation protector I is arranged at the lower part of the three channels, and a steam soot blower is adopted for removing soot;

And an upper header type evaporation protector II and a lower header type evaporation protector II are arranged in the three channels, and a steam soot blower is adopted.

2. The vertical boiler for high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the low-temperature superheater are of serpentine tube structures and adopt steam soot blowers simultaneously.

3. The vertical boiler according to claim 1, wherein the economizer is a serpentine tube structure, and adopts a shock soot blower and a siphon type water trap.

4. A high-temperature high-pressure vertical boiler for refuse incineration as claimed in claim 1, wherein a micro water spray desuperheater is arranged between the platen superheater and the high-temperature superheater, and a secondary water spray desuperheater and a primary water spray desuperheater are respectively arranged between the high-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the low-temperature superheater.

5. a vertical high temperature and high pressure boiler for incinerating waste according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas recirculation and secondary air share a common nozzle.