WO2020140337A1

WO2020140337A1 - High-temperature high-pressure waste incinerator

Info

Publication number: WO2020140337A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/080033
Authority: WO
Inventors: 谢军; 邓昌梅; 黄兵; 张心成; 郑江龙; 陈枫; 郭孝武; 瞿兆舟; 张利军; 王高尚
Original assignee: 上海康恒环境股份有限公司
Priority date: 2018-12-30
Filing date: 2019-03-28
Publication date: 2020-07-09

Abstract

A high-temperature high-pressure waste incinerator has a main steam temperature of 540 ℃ and a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa. The waste incinerator employs a water-cooled combustion chamber (4), and has a first channel (5), a channel (21), a second channel (6) and a third channel (7) sequentially arranged along a direction in which a flue gas flows. The channel (21) communicates the first channel with the second channel. A platen superheater (9) is provided at an upper portion of the second channel (6). The platen superheater (9) can heat steam to 540 ℃, thereby increasing thermal efficiency of an auxiliary turbogenerator system in a waste incineration-based power plant to 34%.

Description

High temperature and high pressure garbage incineration boiler

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of municipal solid waste incineration, in particular to a waste incineration boiler with a main steam temperature of 540°C and a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa.

Background technique

At present, most domestic and foreign waste incineration power plant boiler steam uses 4MPa, 400 ℃, because of the low initial steam parameters, the thermal efficiency of the whole plant is generally lower than that of conventional fuel power plants. At present, the thermal efficiency of waste incineration power generation is mainly improved by increasing the initial pressure of steam, increasing the temperature of steam, and reheating. Among them, increasing the temperature and pressure of steam is the most ideal and effective technical means. However, due to elements such as Cl, S and alkali metals in domestic waste, after increasing the steam temperature and pressure, the superheater and water cooling system face high temperature corrosion problems. At present, in order to solve the high temperature corrosion of water cooling systems and superheaters, most expensive nickel-based or titanium-based surfacing anticorrosion processes are used, and when the main steam temperature exceeds 500 ℃, the nickel-based and titanium-based surfacing layers will also corrode rapidly.

The invention is a garbage incineration vertical boiler with a main steam temperature of 540°C and a main steam pressure of 9.8MPa, which can increase the thermal efficiency of the turbo-generator set to more than 34%, and at the same time lay special high thermal conductivity castable or plastic insulation The pipe is in direct contact with the flue gas, thereby effectively solving the problem of high temperature corrosion and ensuring the long-term safe and stable operation of the water-cooled wall and the superheater.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art. The specific technical solution of the present invention is:

A high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler with a main steam temperature of 540°C and a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa. A water-cooled combustion chamber is used, followed by a channel, a two-channel connection channel, a two-channel, and a three-channel in order of flue gas flow direction. Among them, the screen superheater is arranged on the upper part of the second channel.

Further, the combustion chamber adopts a fully water-cooled structure, refractory bricks are used in the area in contact with the garbage, the other areas are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, and one channel is entirely laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, without using nickel-based anticorrosive coatings.

The screen-type superheater is made of TP347H, and the exterior is laid with high thermal conductivity plastic, which is arranged on the upper part of the two channels.

The front wall of the two-channel adopts nickel-based anti-corrosion coating, and the top of the two channels, the left and right walls of the screen-type superheater area, and the back wall are laid with high thermal conductivity refractory castable.

A three-layer furnace soot blower is arranged on the front wall of the second channel for dust cleaning, and a SNCR spray gun is arranged on the front wall and the left and right walls of the lower part of the second channel.

The lower part of the three channels is provided with a serpentine tube type evaporation protector I, which adopts a large lateral pitch and uses a steam soot blower for cleaning.

The three-channel arrangement of the upper and lower header type evaporation protector II adopts a large horizontal pitch and a steam soot blower.

The high-temperature superheater, the middle-temperature superheater, and the low-temperature superheater adopt a serpentine tube structure, a large lateral pitch, and a steam soot blower.

The economizer adopts a serpentine tube structure, a shock wave soot blower, and a siphonic hydrophobic device.

A trace water spray desuperheater is provided between the screen superheater and the high temperature superheater, and a secondary water spray desuperheater and a primary water spray desuperheater are respectively provided between the high temperature superheater, the intermediate temperature superheater and the low temperature superheater .

The flue gas recirculation process is used. The flue gas recirculation and secondary air share nozzles, which are arranged in the front and rear arch areas of the combustion chamber.

The invention also provides a high-temperature and high-pressure garbage incineration vertical boiler with a main steam temperature of 540°C and a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa, which is a vertical suspension structure; it includes a water-cooled combustion chamber and presses flue gas The flow direction is one channel, one two channel connection channel, two channel, three channel and four channel in sequence. Among them, the screen superheater is arranged on the upper part of the two channels, the evaporation protector I, the evaporation protector II, the high temperature superheater, the middle temperature superheater, and the low temperature superheater are arranged in sequence in the three channels, and the economizer is arranged on the four channels; Water-cooled structure, refractory bricks are used in the area in contact with garbage, and the other areas are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, one channel is laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, and no nickel-based anticorrosive coating is used; the screen superheater is made of TP347H , High-conductivity plastics are laid externally and are arranged on the upper part of the second channel; the front wall of the second channel adopts nickel-based anti-corrosion coating; the top of the second channel and the left and right walls of the screen superheater area and the rear wall are laid with high thermal conductivity refractory castable; The two-channel front wall is provided with three-layer furnace soot blowers for cleaning. The lower front wall and the left and right walls of the second channel are equipped with SNCR spray guns; the lower part of the three channels is provided with a serpentine tube type evaporation protector I, which adopts a large horizontal pitch. At the same time, a steam soot blower is used for cleaning; the three-channel arrangement of the upper and lower header type evaporation protector II adopts a large horizontal pitch and a steam soot blower.

Further, the high-temperature superheater, the middle-temperature superheater, and the low-temperature superheater have a serpentine tube structure, a large lateral pitch, and a steam soot blower.

Further, the economizer adopts a serpentine tube structure, a shock wave soot blower, and a siphonic drain device is also provided.

Further, a micro water spray desuperheater is provided between the screen superheater and the high temperature superheater, and a secondary water spray desuperheater and a primary water spray are respectively provided between the high temperature superheater, the intermediate temperature superheater and the low temperature superheater Desuperheater.

Further, the flue gas recirculation and secondary air share nozzles.

The invention also provides a high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration horizontal boiler, a garbage incineration horizontal boiler with a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa, the main steam temperature of the garbage incineration boiler is 540 ℃, a horizontal suspension structure, and water cooling combustion Chamber; one channel, one two channel connection channel, two channel, three channel and horizontal channel according to the direction of flue gas flow; the screen superheater is arranged on the upper part of the two channels, the outside is laid with special high thermal conductivity plastic, evaporation protector Ⅰ Arranged in the lower part of the three channels, the evaporation protector II, high temperature superheater, medium temperature superheater, low temperature superheater and economizer are arranged in order in the horizontal channel.

Further, the water-cooled combustion chamber 4 is composed of a membrane-type water-cooled wall around the grate, a refractory brick is laid in the area in contact with the garbage, and a high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable is laid in the remaining area.

Further, the flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles 23 are arranged in the front and rear arch area of the water-cooled combustion chamber 4, and when the recirculated flue gas is used, the nitrogen oxide concentration at the outlet of the incinerator can be reduced.

Further, one channel 5 and one two channel connecting flue 21 are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable, to isolate the tube from direct contact with the flue gas to avoid high temperature corrosion of the water wall.

Further, the screen superheater 9 is arranged on the upper part of the second channel 6, and a special high thermal conductivity plastic can be laid outside the tube screen while being located in the high-temperature flue gas area.

Further, the front wall of the second channel 6 is arranged with a three-layer furnace soot blower that can perform steam soot blowing on the front wall to keep the radiation heating surface clean. The lower front wall and the left and right walls are equipped with SNCR spray guns.

Further, the lower part of the three-channel 7 is provided with an evaporator protector I of a serpentine type.

Further, the horizontal channel 8 is provided with an evaporative protector II 10, a high-temperature superheater 11, a medium-temperature superheater 12, a low-temperature superheater 13, and an economizer 17, and the convection heating surface is suspended from the boiler steel structure 2 by a boom; The superheater 11, medium temperature superheater 12, and low temperature superheater 13 all adopt a large lateral pitch and use a steam soot blower 18 for cleaning; the economizer 17 is located in a low temperature area; the high temperature superheater 11, the middle temperature superheater 12, and the low temperature superheat Both the device 13 and the economizer 17 use a serpentine tube structure.

The invention also provides a high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration π-type boiler, which includes a water-cooled combustion chamber, followed by a channel, a two-channel connection channel, a two-channel, a three-channel, a horizontal channel and a four-channel in order according to the flow direction of flue gas; The superheater is arranged on the upper part of the second channel, and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid on the outside. The evaporation protector I is arranged on the lower part of the three channels. In the horizontal channel, the evaporation protector II, high temperature superheater, medium temperature superheater, low temperature superheater, four channels Layout economizer.

Further, the main steam temperature of the garbage incineration boiler is 540°C, and the main steam pressure is 9.8 MPa.

Further, the flue gas recirculation and secondary air are provided with a common nozzle that can adjust the oxygen content of the boiler outlet according to the operating conditions.

Further, all the channels are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable.

Further, the material of the screen superheater is TP347H, and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside to isolate the tube from contact with the flue gas, and is arranged in the high temperature area of the two channels.

Furthermore, one channel and two channels are designed independently, and the two channels can be equipped with furnace soot blowers and furnace denitration devices.

Further, a water spray desuperheater is provided between the screen superheater, the high temperature superheater, the middle temperature superheater and the low temperature superheater.

Further, the convection heating surface in the high temperature area uses a steam soot blower, and the convection heating surface in the low temperature area uses a shock wave soot blower.

Further, the high-temperature superheater, medium-temperature superheater, low-temperature superheater and economizer adopt a serpentine tube structure.

Further, the economizer is provided with a siphonic hydrophobic device.

The combustion chamber of the present invention adopts a fully water-cooled structure, and flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles are provided in the front and rear arch areas, which can effectively solve the furnace coking, reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides, and improve the efficiency of garbage incineration boilers. All the channels are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide casting materials to solve the high temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall, and at the same time increase the channel to absorb heat. The screen-type superheater is arranged in the high temperature area of the upper part of the two channels, and a high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside to ensure that the steam is heated to 540 ℃, while effectively solving the problem of high temperature corrosion of the superheater. Three-layer furnace soot blowers are arranged on the front wall of the second channel, while SNCR spray guns are arranged on the lower front wall and the left and right walls. The three-channel entrance is arranged with an evaporator protector I and an evaporator protector II in order to reduce the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the high-temperature superheater. Nickel-based surfacing anticorrosive coating is used in the area where the steam temperature of the high-temperature superheater is higher than 450℃, and TP347H is used for the rest to prevent high-temperature corrosion. The economizer uses a serpentine tube structure to reduce the risk of leakage, and a siphon drain device is installed. The main steam parameters of the garbage incineration boiler of the present invention are 9.8 MPa and 540°C, so that the thermal efficiency of the turbine generator set system of the supporting garbage incineration power plant is increased to more than 34%.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

The present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540℃) garbage incineration vertical boiler.

Fig. 2 is a steam flow diagram of the superheating system of Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540℃) garbage incineration horizontal boiler.

Fig. 4 is a steam flow diagram of the superheating system of Fig. 3.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540°C) garbage incineration.

Fig. 6 is a steam flow diagram of the superheating system of Fig. 5.

Figure 1. 1. Incinerator system, 2. Boiler steel structure, 3. Drum, 4. Water-cooled combustion chamber, 5. One channel, 6. Two channels, 7. Three channels, 8. Four channels, 9. Screen type Superheater, 10. Evaporation protector II, 11. High temperature superheater, 12. Medium temperature superheater, 13. Low temperature superheater, 14. Primary water spray desuperheater, 15. Secondary water spray desuperheater, 16. Micro water spray desuperheater, 17. Economizer, 18. Steam soot blower, 19. Shock wave soot blower, 20. Furnace soot blower, 21. One or two channels connected to flue, 22. Evaporation protector Ⅰ , 23. Flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles.

In Figure 2, 25. drum, 26. low temperature superheater, 27. first-level water spray desuperheater, 28. medium temperature superheater, 29. second-level water spray desuperheater, 30. high temperature superheater, 31. micro spray Water desuperheater, 32. Screen superheater, 33. Steam header.

Figure 3. 1. Incinerator system, 2. Boiler steel structure, 3. Boiler drum, 4. Water-cooled combustion chamber, 5. One channel, 6. Two channels, 7. Three channels, 8. Horizontal channel, 9. Screen type Superheater, 10. Evaporation protector II, 11. High temperature superheater, 12. Medium temperature superheater, 13. Low temperature superheater, 14. Primary water spray desuperheater, 15. Secondary water spray desuperheater, 16. Micro water spray desuperheater, 17. Economizer, 18. Steam soot blower, 19. Shock wave soot blower, 20. Furnace soot blower, 21. One or two channels connected to flue, 22. Evaporation protector Ⅰ , 23. Flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles.

In Figure 4, 25. drum, 26. low temperature superheater, 27. primary water spray desuperheater, 28. intermediate temperature superheater, 29. secondary water spray desuperheater, 30. high temperature superheater, 31. micro spray Water desuperheater, 32. Screen superheater, 33. Steam header.

In Figure 5, 1. incinerator system, 2. boiler steel structure, 3. boiler drum, 4. water-cooled combustion chamber, 5. one channel, 6. two channels, 7. three channels, 8. horizontal channel, 9. screen type Superheater, 10. Evaporation protector II, 11. High temperature superheater, 12. Medium temperature superheater, 13. Low temperature superheater, 14. Primary water spray desuperheater, 15. Secondary water spray desuperheater, 16. Micro water spray desuperheater, 17. Economizer, 18. Steam soot blower, 19. Shock wave soot blower, 20. Furnace soot blower, 21. One or two channels connected to flue, 22. Evaporation protector Ⅰ , 23. Flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles, 24. Four channels.

In Figure 6, 25. drum, 26. low temperature superheater, 27. first-level water spray desuperheater, 28. intermediate temperature superheater, 29. second-level water spray desuperheater, 30. high temperature superheater, 31. micro spray Water desuperheater, 32. Screen superheater, 33. Steam header.

detailed description

Example 1

In Figure 1, garbage is burned in an incinerator system (1), and the high-temperature flue gas generated enters the waste incineration vertical boiler for waste heat recovery, and high-quality steam is generated and sent to the steam turbine generator set. A high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540℃) garbage incineration boiler is a vertical suspension structure, and a steel channel (2) of the boiler is suspended in sequence from one channel (5), one and two channels to the flue (21), and two channels ( 6), three channels (7) and four channels (8). The water-cooled combustion chamber (4) is composed of membrane-type water-cooled walls around the grate. Refractory bricks are laid in the area in contact with the garbage, and high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables are laid in the remaining areas to reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber and avoid coking. The flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles (23) are arranged in the front and rear arch area of the water-cooled combustion chamber (4). When recirculating flue gas is used, the nitrogen oxide concentration at the outlet of the incinerator can be reduced, the combustion chamber can be prevented from coking, and the efficiency of garbage incineration boiler can be improved. At the same time, the ratio of secondary air and recirculated flue gas can be adjusted according to the calorific value of the garbage and the heat load. One channel (5) and one two channel connecting flue (21) are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable to isolate the tube from direct contact with the flue gas to avoid high temperature corrosion of the water wall. The screen-type superheater (9) is arranged on the upper part of the second channel (6), and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside the tube screen at the same time in the high-temperature flue gas area to obtain a higher heat transfer efficiency, and at the same time, the flue gas is directly contacted with the tube to completely Solve the problem of high temperature corrosion of superheater. The two-channel (6) front wall is equipped with a three-layer furnace soot blower, which can perform steam soot blowing on the front wall to keep the radiation heating surface clean. At the same time, SNCR spray guns are arranged on the lower front wall and the left and right walls to ensure the denitrification efficiency in the furnace. The lower part of the three channels (7) is equipped with a evaporator protector Ⅰ of a serpentine tube type, with a horizontal pitch of 270 mm, and steam soot is used at the same time. Evaporation protector II (10), high temperature superheater (11), medium temperature superheater (12), low temperature superheater (13), four channel (8) internal economizer (17) are arranged in the three channels (7), as mentioned above The convection heating surface is suspended from the boiler steel structure (2) by a boom. The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), and low-temperature superheater (13) all adopt a large lateral pitch, while using a steam soot blower (18) for cleaning, to ensure that the tube bundle does not accumulate dust and coking, and then avoid High temperature molten salt corrosion of pipes in high temperature areas. The economizer (17) is located in a low temperature area, and the shock wave soot blower (19) is used for cleaning to reduce the initial investment and operating cost of the equipment. The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), low-temperature superheater (13), economizer (17) all adopt a serpentine tube structure, which has lower manufacturing costs and no fillet welding than the previous upper and lower header structures There is a risk of gap leakage, and at the same time, the economizer is equipped with a siphon type hydrophobic device to solve the problem of hydrophobicity of the economizer tube bundle during the hydraulic test and furnace shutdown.

In Figure 2, the saturated steam from the drum (25) passes through the low-temperature superheater (26), the first-level water spray desuperheater (27), the intermediate-temperature superheater (28), and the second-level water spray desuperheater (29) ), high temperature superheater (30), micro water spray desuperheater (31), screen superheater (32), the steam is heated to the design temperature of 540 ℃ through the above equipment. Through the water injection desuperheater between each two-stage superheater, the temperature of the steam entering the lower superheater can be flexibly adjusted and the temperature of the main steam outlet can be ensured within the required range. The desuperheating water comes from the boiler water supply mother pipe. The heat of flue gas is mainly transferred to the screen superheater by radiation, and then the steam in the tube is heated to 540 ℃ through special plastics and tubes.

Example 2

In Figure 3, garbage is burned in the incinerator system (1), the high-temperature flue gas generated enters the waste incineration boiler for waste heat recovery, and high-quality steam is generated and sent to the steam turbine generator set. A high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540℃) garbage incineration boiler has a horizontal suspension structure, and a steel channel (2) of the boiler is suspended in sequence from one channel (5), one and two channels to the flue (21), and two channels ( 6), three channels (7) and horizontal channels (8). The water-cooled combustion chamber (4) is composed of membrane-type water-cooled walls around the grate. Refractory bricks are laid in the area in contact with the garbage, and high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables are laid in the remaining areas to reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber and avoid coking. The flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles (23) are arranged in the front and rear arch area of the water-cooled combustion chamber (4). When recirculating flue gas is used, the nitrogen oxide concentration at the outlet of the incinerator can be reduced, the combustion chamber can be prevented from coking, and the efficiency of garbage incineration boiler can be improved. At the same time, the ratio of secondary air and recirculated flue gas can be adjusted according to the calorific value of the garbage and the heat load. One channel (5) and one two channel connecting flue (21) are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable to isolate the tube from direct contact with the flue gas to avoid high temperature corrosion of the water wall. The screen-type superheater (9) is arranged on the upper part of the second channel (6), and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside the tube screen at the same time in the high-temperature flue gas area to obtain a higher heat transfer efficiency, and at the same time, the flue gas is directly contacted with the tube to completely Solve the problem of high temperature corrosion of superheater. The two-channel (6) front wall is equipped with a three-layer furnace soot blower, which can perform steam soot blowing on the front wall to keep the radiation heating surface clean. At the same time, SNCR spray guns are arranged on the lower front wall and the left and right walls to ensure the denitrification efficiency in the furnace. The lower part of the three channels (7) is equipped with a evaporator protector Ⅰ of a serpentine tube type, with a horizontal pitch of 270 mm, and steam soot is used at the same time. Evaporation protector II (10), high temperature superheater (11), medium temperature superheater (12), low temperature superheater (13), economizer (17) are arranged in order in the horizontal channel (8). The boom is suspended from the boiler steel structure (2). The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), and low-temperature superheater (13) all adopt a large lateral pitch, while using a steam soot blower (18) for cleaning, to ensure that the tube bundle does not accumulate dust and coking, and then avoid High temperature molten salt corrosion of pipes in high temperature areas. The economizer (17) is located in a low temperature area, and the shock wave soot blower (19) is used for cleaning to reduce the initial investment and operating cost of the equipment. The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), low-temperature superheater (13), economizer (17) all adopt a serpentine tube structure, which has lower manufacturing costs and no fillet welding than the previous upper and lower header structures There is a risk of gap leakage, and at the same time, the economizer is equipped with a siphon type hydrophobic device to solve the problem of hydrophobicity of the economizer tube bundle during the hydraulic test and furnace shutdown.

In Figure 4, the saturated steam from the drum (25) passes through the low-temperature superheater (26), the first-stage water spray desuperheater (27), the intermediate-temperature superheater (28), and the second-stage water spray desuperheater (29) ), high temperature superheater (30), micro water spray desuperheater (31), screen superheater (32), the steam is heated to the design temperature of 540 ℃ through the above equipment. Through the water injection desuperheater between each two-stage superheater, the temperature of the steam entering the lower superheater can be flexibly adjusted and the temperature of the main steam outlet can be ensured within the required range. The desuperheating water comes from the boiler water supply mother pipe. The heat of the flue gas is mainly transferred to the screen superheater by radiation, and then the steam in the tube is heated to 540 ℃ through the plastic and the tube in turn.

Example 3

In Figure 5, garbage is burned in the incinerator system (1), the high-temperature flue gas generated enters the waste incineration boiler for waste heat recovery, and high-quality steam is generated and sent to the steam turbine generator set. A high temperature and high pressure (9.8MPa, 540℃) garbage incineration boiler is a π-type suspension structure, and a channel (5), a two-channel connection flue (21), and a two-channel (one channel) are suspended on the boiler steel structure (2) in sequence. 6), three channels (7), horizontal channels (8) and four channels (24). The water-cooled combustion chamber (4) is composed of membrane-type water-cooled walls around the grate. Refractory bricks are laid in the area in contact with the garbage, and high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables are laid in the remaining areas to reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber and avoid coking. The flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles (23) are arranged in the front and rear arch area of the water-cooled combustion chamber (4). When recirculating flue gas is used, the nitrogen oxide concentration at the outlet of the incinerator can be reduced, the combustion chamber can be prevented from coking, and the efficiency of garbage incineration boiler can be improved. At the same time, the ratio of secondary air and recirculated flue gas can be adjusted according to the calorific value of the garbage and the heat load. One channel (5) and one two channel connecting flue (21) are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable to isolate the tube from direct contact with the flue gas to avoid high temperature corrosion of the water wall. The screen-type superheater (9) is arranged on the upper part of the second channel (6), and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside the tube screen at the same time in the high-temperature flue gas area to obtain a higher heat transfer efficiency, and at the same time, the flue gas is directly contacted with the tube to completely Solve the problem of high temperature corrosion of superheater. The two-channel (6) front wall is equipped with a three-layer furnace soot blower, which can perform steam soot blowing on the front wall to keep the radiation heating surface clean. At the same time, SNCR spray guns are arranged on the lower front wall and the left and right walls to ensure the denitrification efficiency in the furnace. The lower part of the three channels (7) is equipped with a evaporator protector Ⅰ of a serpentine tube type, with a horizontal pitch of 270 mm, and steam soot is used at the same time. In the horizontal channel (8), an evaporative protector II (10), a high-temperature superheater (11), a medium-temperature superheater (12), and a low-temperature superheater (13) are arranged in sequence, and an economizer (17) is arranged in the four-channel (24). The aforementioned convection heating surfaces are suspended from the boiler steel structure (2) by a boom. The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), and low-temperature superheater (13) all adopt a large lateral pitch, while using a steam soot blower (18) for cleaning, to ensure that the tube bundle does not accumulate dust and coking, and then avoid High temperature molten salt corrosion of pipes in high temperature areas. The economizer (17) is located in a low temperature area, and the shock wave soot blower (19) is used for cleaning to reduce the initial investment and operating cost of the equipment. The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), low-temperature superheater (13), economizer (17) all adopt a serpentine tube structure, which has lower manufacturing costs and no fillet welding than the previous upper and lower header structures There is a risk of gap leakage, and at the same time, the economizer is equipped with a siphon type hydrophobic device to solve the problem of hydrophobicity of the economizer tube bundle during the hydraulic test and furnace shutdown.

In Figure 6, the saturated steam from the drum (25) passes through the low-temperature superheater (26), the first-stage water spray desuperheater (27), the intermediate-temperature superheater (28), and the second-stage water spray desuperheater (29) ), high temperature superheater (30), micro water spray desuperheater (31), screen superheater (32), the steam is heated to the design temperature of 540 ℃ through the above equipment. Through the water injection desuperheater between each two-stage superheater, the temperature of the steam entering the lower superheater can be flexibly adjusted and the temperature of the main steam outlet can be ensured within the required range. The desuperheating water comes from the boiler water supply mother pipe. The heat of the flue gas is mainly transferred to the screen superheater by radiation, and then the steam in the tube is heated to 540 ℃ through the plastic and the tube in turn.

The invention adopts a screen superheater of a waste incineration waste heat boiler whose main steam temperature is 540°C. The screen superheater is composed of a heated tube screen, pins, special plastics, pipe clamps, upper header, flexible sealing device, hanging device and maintenance manhole. The screen-type superheater can be laid with plastic to isolate the tube from contact with the flue gas and completely solve the high temperature corrosion. The screen superheater can heat the steam to 540 ℃, so that the thermal efficiency of the turbine generator set system of the supporting garbage incineration power plant can be increased to 34%.

Claims

A high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler, characterized by a waste incineration boiler with a main steam temperature of 540°C and a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa; a water-cooled combustion chamber is used, followed by one channel and one and two channels in order according to the direction of flue gas flow Channels, two channels, three channels. Among them, the screen superheater is arranged on the upper part of the second channel.
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber adopts a fully water-cooled structure, refractory bricks are used in the area in contact with the garbage, the other areas are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, and all the channels are laid with high thermal conductivity Silicon carbide castables do not use nickel-based anti-corrosion coatings.
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen superheater is made of TP347H, and a high thermal conductivity plastic can be laid on the outside, which is arranged on the upper part of the two channels.
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the front wall of the second channel adopts a nickel-based anti-corrosion coating, and the top of the second channel, the left and right walls of the screen superheater area, and the rear wall are laid with high thermal conductivity and refractory Casting material; three-layer furnace soot blowers are arranged in the front wall of the second channel for dust cleaning, and SNCR spray guns are arranged on the front wall and the left and right walls of the lower part of the second channel.
The high temperature and high pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a serpentine tube type evaporation protector I is arranged at the lower part of the three channels, adopts a large lateral pitch, and uses a steam soot blower for cleaning ; The three-channel layout of the upper and lower header type evaporation protector II, using a large horizontal pitch, while using a steam soot blower.
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature superheater, the intermediate-temperature superheater, and the low-temperature superheater have a serpentine tube structure, a large lateral pitch, and a steam soot blower .
The high-temperature and high-pressure garbage incineration boiler according to claim 1, wherein the economizer adopts a serpentine tube structure, a shock wave soot blower, and a siphonic drain device is also provided.
The high temperature and high pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a micro water spray desuperheater, a high temperature superheater, a middle temperature superheater, and a low temperature superheater are provided between the screen superheater and the high temperature superheater There are two-stage water spray desuperheater and one-stage water spray desuperheater.
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue gas recirculation process is used, and the flue gas recirculation and secondary air shared nozzles are provided in the front and rear arch areas of the combustion chamber.
A high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration vertical boiler, characterized in that the garbage incineration vertical boiler with a main steam temperature of 540°C and a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa is a vertical suspension structure; it includes a water-cooled combustion chamber and flows according to flue gas The directions are one channel, one two channel connection channel, two channel, three channel and four channel in sequence. Among them, the screen superheater is arranged on the upper part of the two channels, the evaporation protector I, the evaporation protector II, the high temperature superheater, the middle temperature superheater, and the low temperature superheater are arranged in sequence in the three channels;

The combustion chamber adopts a fully water-cooled structure, refractory bricks are used in the area in contact with the garbage, and the other areas are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, and all the channels are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castables, without using nickel-based anti-corrosion coatings;

The screen-type superheater is made of TP347H, externally laid with high thermal conductivity plastics, and arranged on the upper part of the two channels;

The front wall of the second channel adopts nickel-based anticorrosive coating, and the top of the second channel, the left and right walls of the screen superheater area, and the rear wall are laid with high thermal conductivity refractory castables;

A three-layer furnace soot blower is arranged on the front wall of the second channel for dust cleaning, and a SNCR spray gun is arranged on the front wall and the left and right walls of the lower part of the second channel;

The lower part of the three channels is arranged with a serpentine tube type evaporation protector I, which adopts a large horizontal pitch and uses a steam soot blower for cleaning;

The three-channel arrangement of the upper and lower header type evaporation protector II adopts a large horizontal pitch and a steam soot blower.
A high-temperature and high-pressure garbage incineration vertical boiler according to claim 10, characterized in that the high-temperature superheater, medium-temperature superheater, and low-temperature superheater adopt a serpentine tube structure, adopt a large lateral pitch, and simultaneously use steam blowing Grayware.
The high-temperature and high-pressure garbage incineration vertical boiler according to claim 10, characterized in that the economizer adopts a serpentine tube structure, a shock wave soot blower, and a siphonic drainage device is also provided.
The high-temperature and high-pressure garbage incineration vertical boiler according to claim 10, characterized in that a micro water spray desuperheater, a high-temperature superheater, an intermediate-temperature superheater, and a low temperature are provided between the screen superheater and the high-temperature superheater Two-stage water spray desuperheater and one-stage water spray desuperheater are respectively arranged between the superheaters.
A high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration vertical boiler according to claim 10, characterized in that the flue gas recirculation and the secondary air share a nozzle.
A high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration horizontal boiler is characterized by a garbage incineration horizontal boiler with a main steam pressure of 9.8 MPa. The main steam temperature of the garbage incineration boiler is 540°C. It is a horizontal suspension structure and adopts a water-cooled combustion chamber ; According to the direction of flue gas flow, there are one channel, one two channel connection channel, two channel, three channel and horizontal channel in sequence; the screen type superheater is arranged on the upper part of the two channels, the outside is laid with special high thermal conductivity plastic, and the evaporation protector I is arranged In the lower part of the three channels, evaporation protector II, high temperature superheater, medium temperature superheater, low temperature superheater and economizer are arranged in order in the horizontal channel.
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that the water-cooled combustion chamber (4) is composed of a membrane-type water-cooled wall around the grate, refractory bricks are laid in the area in contact with the garbage, and the other areas are laid with high thermal conductivity Silicon carbide castable.
A high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that the flue gas recirculation and secondary air nozzles (23) are arranged in the front and rear arch area of the water-cooled combustion chamber (4), using recirculation The flue gas can reduce the nitrogen oxide concentration at the outlet of the incinerator.
A high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that one channel (5) and one two-channel connection flue (21) are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable to isolate the pipe from the flue gas directly Contact to avoid high temperature corrosion of water wall.
A high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that the screen superheater (9) is arranged on the upper part of the second channel (6), and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside the tube screen while being located in the high temperature smoke气区。 Gas area.
A high temperature and high pressure waste incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that: the two-channel (6) front wall is arranged with a three-layer furnace soot blower that can perform steam soot blowing on the front wall to keep the radiation heating surface clean , SNCR spray guns are arranged on the lower front wall and the left and right walls.
A high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that a serpentine tube type evaporation protector I is arranged at the lower part of the three channels (7).
The high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration horizontal boiler according to claim 15, characterized in that: an evaporation protector II (10), a high-temperature superheater (11), and a medium-temperature superheater (12) are arranged in order in the horizontal channel (8) , Low-temperature superheater (13), economizer (17), the convection heating surface is suspended from the boiler steel structure (2) by a boom;

The high-temperature superheater (11), medium-temperature superheater (12), and low-temperature superheater (13) all adopt a large lateral pitch, and use a steam soot blower (18) for cleaning;

The economizer (17) is located in a low-temperature area; the high-temperature superheater (11), the intermediate-temperature superheater (12), the low-temperature superheater (13), and the economizer (17) all adopt a serpentine tube structure.
A high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration π-type boiler, characterized by comprising a water-cooled combustion chamber, followed by a channel, a two-channel connection channel, a two-channel, a three-channel, a horizontal channel and a four-channel in order according to the direction of flue gas flow; The superheater is arranged on the upper part of the second channel, and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid on the outside. The evaporation protector I is arranged on the lower part of the three channels, and the evaporation protector II, the high temperature superheater, the middle temperature superheater, the low temperature superheater, and the four channels are arranged in order in the horizontal channel. Layout economizer.
The π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that the main steam temperature of the waste incineration boiler is 540°C and the main steam pressure is 9.8 MPa.
The π-type boiler for high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that: the flue gas recirculation and the secondary air are provided with a common nozzle that can adjust the oxygen content at the outlet of the boiler according to the operating conditions.
The π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that all the channels are laid with high thermal conductivity silicon carbide castable.
A high-temperature and high-pressure waste incineration π-type boiler according to claim 23, characterized in that the material of the screen superheater is TP347H, and a special high thermal conductivity plastic is laid outside to isolate the pipe from contact with the flue gas, and is arranged in the two-channel high temperature area.
The π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure garbage incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that the one channel and the two channels are independently designed, and the two channels can be equipped with a furnace soot blower and a furnace denitration device.
The π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that a water spray desuperheater is provided between the screen superheater, the high temperature superheater, the middle temperature superheater and the low temperature superheater.
A π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that: a steam soot blower is used for the convection heating surface in the high temperature area, and a shock wave soot blower is used for the convection heating surface in the low temperature area.
The π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that the high temperature superheater, the middle temperature superheater, the low temperature superheater and the economizer adopt a serpentine tube structure.
A π-type boiler for high temperature and high pressure waste incineration according to claim 23, characterized in that the economizer is provided with a siphonic drain device.