CN209637782U - Tunnel waterproof and drainage structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of tunnel water proofing discharge structures, the tunnel water proofing discharge structure includes the preliminary bracing layer that sets gradually of wall surface in tunneling, waterproof roll layer, the tunnel arch wall of secondary moulded lining layer composition, in tunneling bottom surface, the two sides of liner structure are respectively equipped with the lateral sulcus longitudinally extended, longitudinal blind pipe is embedded in tunnel arch wall bottom, the inward at both ends of longitudinal blind pipe, which is bent and is communicated between lateral sulcus preliminary bracing layer and waterproof roll layer, is equipped at intervals with circle draining plate, lateral spare tapping pipe is additionally provided in the bottom of tunnel arch wall, the outer end of spare tapping pipe is communicated to corresponding lateral sulcus, inner end is located at preliminary bracing layer, the utility model is by being arranged spare tapping pipe, after the concrete blocking that the two-port of longitudinal blind pipe is solidified, spare tapping pipe can be enabled, reduce the water pressure at the tunnel arch wall back side, it is anti- Only cause tunnel structure impaired since hydraulic pressure is excessively high.

Description

Tunnel waterproof and drainage structure

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure.

Background technique

In tunnel engineering, it is necessary to bury the circumferential drainage channel and the longitudinal drainage channel in the constructed tunnel wall. Generally, the circumferential drainage channel is connected to the longitudinal drainage channel. Both the circumferential drainage channel and the longitudinal drainage channel are permeable structures, so that the tunnel lining behind the The accumulated water is discharged from the outlet of the longitudinal drainage channel into the measuring trenches on both sides of the tunnel to reduce the water pressure behind the lining structure.

During the grouting construction of tunnel lining backfill, due to the certain pressure of the concrete injected into the formwork of the trolley, the grout may enter the longitudinal drainage channel and the circumferential drainage channel and flow out during grouting. To prevent the grout from flowing out, the outlet of the longitudinal drainage channel Therefore, a certain amount of cement slurry will accumulate in the drainage pipe and cause the outlet of the longitudinal drainage channel to be blocked. The water behind the tunnel lining structure cannot be discharged smoothly. The increase of water pressure behind the lining structure will seriously affect the stability of the tunnel structure. The odds are greatly improved.

The Chinese patent document whose publication number is CN104879164A discloses a tunnel circumferential drainage structure. The tunnel circumferential drainage structure is embedded between the primary support layer and the secondary lining layer with corrosive hemp rope. In the initial stage of project completion, only A small amount of water can be discharged by relying on the water absorption of the hemp rope. It is necessary to wait until the hemp rope is corroded to form a natural drainage channel. The interval between the initial construction of the project and the corrosion of the hemp rope is too long. During this period, the water pressure on the back of the tunnel wall is high, and the tunnel There is a greater risk of damage to the walls from water leaks.

The Chinese patent document with the publication number CN207297089U records a new type of waterproof and drainage system suitable for the invert of a ballastless ballast bed tunnel, which includes a tunnel drainage system with a tunnel side ditch and a tunnel center ditch. The tunnel bottom structure includes an invert and an invert Arch initial support, the vertical blind pipe set by the tunnel waterproof system is prone to blockage, and maintenance will be required in the later stage. Due to the large number of drainage outlets, the maintenance cost is high.

Based on the above reasons, it is necessary to provide a waterproof and drainage structure that can reduce maintenance costs in the later period and can effectively drain the water at the back of the tunnel to reduce the water pressure at the back of the tunnel.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to provide a waterproof and drainage structure for a tunnel, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that the drainage holes of the tunnel are prone to blockage, which increases the water pressure on the back of the tunnel lining structure, thereby causing the risk of damage to the tunnel lining structure.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

Design a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, including the tunnel arch wall composed of the initial support layer, waterproof membrane layer, and secondary molded lining layer arranged sequentially on the wall of the excavated tunnel, and on both sides of the lining structure at the bottom of the excavated tunnel There are longitudinally extending side ditches respectively, and a longitudinal blind pipe is buried at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall, and the two ends of the longitudinal dead pipe are bent inward and connected to the side ditch, and the primary support layer and the waterproof membrane layer are There are annular drainage blind pipes at intervals or/and annular drainage plates on both sides of the construction joints, and the two ends of the annular drainage plates or/and the annular drainage blind pipes are connected to the corresponding longitudinal blind pipes. The bottom of the arch wall of the tunnel is also equipped with a horizontal backup drain pipe, the outer end of the backup drain pipe is connected to the corresponding side ditch, and the inner end is located in the initial support layer.

Preferably, the inner port of the spare drain pipe is sealed with scotch tape, the outer port is tied with geotextile, and a supporting steel bar is arranged at the bottom of the spare drain pipe, and the inner end of the supporting steel bar is inserted into the tunnel wall.

Preferably, one backup drain pipe is provided on both sides of the construction joint around the tunnel, and the distance between two adjacent backup drain pipes on both sides of the construction joint around the tunnel is 50-80cm.

Preferably, the longitudinal blind pipe is a perforated corrugated pipe, and the longitudinal blind pipe is located between the initial support layer and the waterproof membrane layer, and a C15 sand-free concrete drainage body is poured around the longitudinal blind pipe; A layer of geotextile is wrapped outside the spare drain pipe and the longitudinal blind pipe, and a layer of geotextile is laid between the primary support layer and the waterproof membrane layer.

Preferably, vertically extending bottom drainage blind pipes are respectively provided on both sides below the lining structure of the excavated tunnel bottom, and horizontal drainage blind pipes are arranged between the bottom drainage blind pipes.

Preferably, a mid-buried rubber waterstop is provided in the middle of the circumferential construction joints and deformed construction joints of the tunnel arch wall, and a back-adhesive rubber waterstop is provided at the top below the waterproof membrane layer.

Preferably, a back-adhesive rubber waterstop is provided at the bottom of the circumferential construction joints and deformation construction joints of the tunnel invert, and a mid-buried rubber waterstop is provided in the middle; A longitudinal seamless steel pipe is buried, and the seamless steel pipe is filled with butter.

Preferably, a pre-attached soft permeable pipe is arranged longitudinally under the top waterproof coil layer of the tunnel arch wall, and one end of the pre-attached soft permeable pipe is provided with a vertical galvanized steel pipe, and the galvanized steel pipe One end is connected to the pre-attached soft permeable pipe, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the tunnel arch wall.

The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are:

1. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure provided by the utility model is provided with a spare drain pipe. After the two ports of the vertical blind pipe are blocked by solidified concrete, the spare drain pipe can be used. The spare drain pipe is a straight pipe, and its outer end It is sealed with scotch tape. After the tunnel arch wall is poured, use a knife to cut the scotch tape to pass water, reduce the water pressure on the back of the tunnel arch wall, and prevent the tunnel structure from being damaged due to excessive water pressure.

2. After the two ports of the longitudinal blind pipe are blocked by solidified concrete, there is no need to repair and open them, which reduces maintenance costs and reduces the risk of damage to the tunnel structure caused by maintenance.

3. There are seamless steel pipes in the deformed construction joint section of the inverted arch of the tunnel, which can not only meet the deformation requirements of the longitudinal expansion and contraction of the structure, but also coordinate the settlement on both sides of the deformed construction joint, which is conducive to reducing uneven settlement and waterstop pull Elongation, prolong the service life of the waterstop, and enhance the waterproof effect.

4. The waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel is equipped with back-adhesive waterstops and mid-buried waterstops in the circumferential construction joints and deformation joints, so that the weaker tunnel circumferential construction joints and deformation joints have better protection. Water resistance.

5. There is a bottom longitudinal blind pipe at the bottom of the tunnel, through which the water outside the bottom of the tunnel lining structure can be discharged to prevent excessive water pressure at the bottom of the tunnel lining structure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure in Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of laying the waterproof coiled material layer in the tunnel waterproof and drainage structure of Example 1 of the present utility model;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation and fixation of the waterproof coiled material layer in the tunnel waterproof and drainage structure of the utility model embodiment 1;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the circumferential drainage plate in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 6 is the installation plan view of the spare weep hole in the waterproof drainage structure of the tunnel in the first embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 7 is an installation cross-sectional view of a spare weep hole in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the circular construction joint section and the deformed construction joint section in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the circular construction joint section in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the deformed construction joint section in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of backfilling and grouting behind the vault in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section view of the backfill grouting behind the vault in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Embodiment 2 of the utility model;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the circular construction joint section of the inverted arch of the tunnel in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 2 of the utility model;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the deformed construction joint section of the inverted arch of the tunnel in the waterproof and drainage structure of the tunnel in Example 2 of the utility model.

In the figure, each label is shown as: initial support layer 11, surrounding rock 111, waterproof membrane layer 12, geotextile 121, riveting assembly 122, hot-melt liner 1221, nail 1222, metal washer 1223, side wall 123 , top arch part 124, secondary molding lining layer 13, secondary molding lining layer root 131, longitudinal construction joint 132, mid-buried rubber waterstop 133, circumferential construction joint 134, trolley template 135, template opening Hole 1351, mid-buried rubber waterstop 136, back-adhesive rubber waterstop 137, deformation construction joint 138, void 139, bottom plate 141, back-attached rubber waterstop 1411, drainage channel 142, side ditch 1421 , side drainage ditch 1422, filling layer 143, ballast bed 1431, buried rubber waterstop 1432, longitudinal blind pipe 151, curved part 1511, C15 sand-free concrete drainage body 1512, circumferential drainage board 16, spare drainage pipe 17 , scotch tape 171, supporting steel bar 172, pre-attached soft permeable pipe 181, galvanized steel pipe 182, tunnel center line 191, inner rail top surface 192, initial support layer 21, waterproof coil layer 22, secondary molded lining layer 23. Deformed construction joints 232, seamless steel pipes 233, bottom primary support layer 241, back-adhesive rubber waterstop 2411, bottom secondary molding lining layer 242, mid-buried rubber waterstop 2421, filling layer 243.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the present utility model will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but the following examples are only used to describe the utility model in detail, and do not limit the scope of the utility model in any way.

During the construction of the entire tunnel, the construction method of the tunnel lining structure is determined according to the grade of the surrounding rock. The interlayer bonding of the surrounding rocks of grades I and II is good, and generally no unstable blocks will appear, while the tunnels of grades III, IV and V The occlusal force of the structural surface of the section is weak, and there are many unstable blocks. Therefore, in the I and II surrounding rock cave sections, the bottom of the tunnel lining structure is constructed by the bottom plate, and in the III, IV, and V surrounding rock cave sections Inverted arch construction is required at the bottom of the tunnel lining structure.

Example 1:

A waterproof and drainage structure for a tunnel, please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 10 together.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the tunnel waterproof and drainage structure provided by this embodiment is used in the first and second grade surrounding rock cave sections, and the tunnel waterproof and drainage structure includes initial support layers 11, Waterproof membrane layer 12, secondary molded lining layer 13, primary support layer 11 is concrete slurry sprayed on the wall of the excavated tunnel or the anchor rod is first driven into the wall of the excavated tunnel and then concrete slurry is sprayed. A layer of geotextile 121 is laid between the layer 11 and the waterproof membrane layer 12. The geotextile 121 has good water permeability and can protect and prevent the waterproof membrane layer 12 from being punctured. The secondary molded lining layer 13 is passed Pour concrete to form after supporting the formwork of the trolley under the geotextile 121. The arch wall of the tunnel is composed of the primary supporting layer 11, the waterproof membrane layer 12 and the secondary molding lining layer 13.

As shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2, the waterproof coiled material layer 12 is fixed on the primary support layer 11 poured on the surrounding rock 111 through riveting components 122, and the upper and lower sides of the waterproof coiled material layer 12 are side walls 123, the middle part is the top arch portion 124, the side wall portion 123 corresponds to the side wall laid on the tunnel arch wall, and the top arch portion 124 corresponds to the riveted assembly laid on the tunnel arch wall vault, the side wall portion 123 122 is relatively sparse, and the riveted components 122 on the top arch 124 are relatively dense.

The riveting assembly 122 includes a hot-melt liner 1221, a nail 1222, and a metal washer 1223. A nail gun is used to fix the geotextile 121, and the metal washer 1223 is pressed under the nail 1222, and the hot-melt liner 1221 is pressed on the metal washer 1223. Next, the welding between the hot-melt gasket 1221 and the waterproof coiled material layer 12 adopts a pressure welder, and the welding of adjacent waterproof coiled materials on the waterproof coiled material layer 12 adopts a double-slit hot-melt welder.

The lining structure at the bottom of the excavated tunnel includes a bottom plate 141 and a drainage channel 142. The inner side of the drainage channel 142 is provided with a longitudinally extending side ditch 1421, and the outer side is provided with a side drainage ditch 1422. The bottom plate 141 is a concrete pouring layer, and its top is a filling layer 143. The filling layer 143 is poured with C20 concrete, the strength of the base plate 141 is higher than that of the filling layer 143, the top of the filling layer 143 is the ballast bed 1431, the top of the ballast bed 1431 is the inner rail top surface 192, and gravel is laid on the ballast bed 1431, and the track is laid on the gravel. The entire tunnel is symmetrical on both sides of the tunnel center line 191 .

The side drainage ditch 1422 and the top surface of the ballast bed 1431 are connected to the side ditch 1421 through the horizontal drain pipe 1423, and the horizontal drain pipe 1423 is a pipe with an inner diameter of 50mm, which is arranged at intervals of 3-5m along the longitudinal direction beside the side ditch 1421. When draining water, the water on the top surface of the inner rail is discharged into the side drainage ditch 1422, and the water in the side drainage ditch 1422 and the ballast bed 1431 is discharged into the side ditch 1421, and finally is discharged outside the tunnel through the side ditch 1421.

A longitudinal blind pipe 151 is buried at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall, and the longitudinal dead pipe is wrapped with a layer of geotextile. The two ends of the longitudinal dead pipe 151 are curved parts 1511. The curved parts 1511 are bent inward and connected to the side ditch 1421. The bottom of the lining layer 13 is the root portion 131 of the secondary molded lining layer, and a longitudinal construction joint 132 is arranged between the root portion 131 of the secondary molded lining layer and the main body of the upper part of the secondary molded lining layer 13. There is a mid-buried rubber waterstop 133, and the longitudinal blind pipe 151 is buried between the initial support layer 11 and the waterproof coiled material layer 12, and a layer of geotextile is wrapped outside the longitudinal dead pipe 151, and the longitudinal blind pipe 151 has an inner diameter of 107 mm. Perforated corrugated pipe, C15 sand-free concrete drainage body 1512 is poured around the longitudinal blind pipe 151. The interior of the C15 sand-free concrete drainage body 1512 is a coarse-hole structure with water permeability. The water in the surrounding rock passes through the primary support layer 11 The cracks enter the C15 sand-free concrete drainage body 1512, and finally enter the vertical blind pipe 151 and discharge into the side ditch 1421.

As shown in Figure 4, between the initial support layer 11 and the waterproof coiled material layer 12, a circumferential drainage board 16 is respectively provided on both sides of the construction joint, and the width L1 of each circumferential drainage board 16 is 50 cm.

A longitudinal blind pipe 151 is respectively buried on both sides of each tunnel arch wall, and the ends of the two circumferential drainage plates 16 on the same side are connected to the corresponding longitudinal blind pipe 151, and the water in the surrounding rock passes through the primary support layer. The crack on 11 enters the circumferential drainage plate 16, and then is discharged into the vertical blind pipe 151 by the circumferential drainage plate 16, and finally discharged into the side ditch 1421, so as to reduce the water pressure on the back side of the tunnel arch wall.

Further, in the water-rich section, circular drainage blind pipes of φ50mm are also arranged at a longitudinal interval of 2m, and the two ends of the circular drainage dead pipes are also connected to the corresponding longitudinal blind pipes.

Further, as shown in Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2, there is also a horizontal spare drain pipe 17 at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall. Specifically, the length of a tunnel arch wall is about 10 meters, and the vertical blind pipe 151 The distance between the two ports is about 9 meters. A ring tunnel arch wall is provided with a spare drain pipe 17 on both sides of the longitudinal blind pipe 151. The spare drain pipe 17 and the longitudinal dead pipe 151 are located at the same elevation. The outer end of the spare drain pipe 17 is connected to the corresponding side ditch 1421 and bound with geotextiles, and the inner end is located at the primary support layer 11 and sealed with a scotch tape 171 .

The trolley formwork 135 corresponds to the end of the bending part 1511 of the longitudinal blind pipe 151 and the outer end of the spare drain pipe 17 are provided with template openings 1351. When the spare drain pipe 17 is pre-embedded, the spare drain pipe 17 is wrapped with a layer of geotechnical material. cloth, the outer end of the spare drain pipe 17 passes through the formwork opening 1351 of the trolley formwork 135, and the supporting steel bar 172 is arranged at the bottom of the spare drain pipe 17, and the inner end of the supporting steel bar 172 is inserted into the primary support layer 11 and the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall. Inside, the supporting steel bars 172 have a diameter of 16 mm to ensure stable support.

There is a circumferential construction joint 134 between the arch walls of adjacent two-ring tunnels, and a spare drain pipe 17 is provided on both sides of the tunnel circumferential construction joint 134, and two adjacent spare drain pipes 17 are arranged on both sides of the tunnel circumferential construction joint 134. The distance between the water pipes 17 is 60cm.

When the end of the bending part 1511 of the longitudinal blind pipe 151 is blocked, the accumulation of water in the longitudinal dead pipe 151 causes the water pressure near the longitudinal dead pipe 151 to increase, while the water pressure at the contact point between the backup drain pipe 17 and the primary support layer 11 Small, the water will flow from the high pressure to the low pressure and get rid of along the backup drain pipe 17, preventing the lining structure from being unstable or damaged due to excessive water pressure on the back of the tunnel arch wall.

At the construction joints and deformation construction joints of the two-ring tunnel arch wall, the waterproof ability is required to be higher. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The pasted rubber waterstop 1411 is embedded with a mid-buried rubber waterstop 1432 in the middle of the filling layer 143 . As shown in Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2, a buried rubber waterstop 136 is provided in the secondary molded lining layer 13, and the top of the secondary molded lining layer 13 is located under the waterproof membrane layer 12 There are back-mounted rubber waterstops 137, mid-buried rubber waterstops 136, and mid-buried rubber waterstops 1432. The width L2 is 40cm.

Further, vertically extending bottom drain blind pipes are respectively arranged on both sides below the bottom plate 141, and horizontal drainage blind pipes are arranged between the bottom drain blind pipes, through which the water below the bottom plate 141 is discharged into the bottom drain blind pipes. , the water is drained out of the tunnel through the bottom drainage blind pipe to prevent excessive water pressure under the bottom plate 141 .

As shown in Figures 9 and 10, when pouring the secondary molded lining layer 13, there will be a void 139 on the top of the secondary molded lining layer 13, which will cause the top of the tunnel arch wall to be not dense, which is not conducive to waterproofing and drainage. , a pre-attached soft permeable pipe 181 is arranged longitudinally under the top waterproof coiled material layer 12 of the tunnel arch wall, and a vertical galvanized steel pipe 182 is provided at the end of the pre-attached soft permeable pipe 181 close to the end face 1352 of the formwork of the trolley, Galvanized steel pipe 182 with an inner diameter of 30cm, one end of which is connected to the pre-pasted soft permeable pipe 181, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the tunnel arch wall. The permeable pipe 181 is injected with concrete slurry, and the concrete slurry fills the entire hollow part 139 along the pre-attached soft permeable pipe 181, so that the top of the tunnel arch wall is filled densely.

Example 2

A tunnel waterproof drainage structure, please refer to Figure 11 to Figure 12-2.

As shown in Figure 11, the tunnel waterproof and drainage structure provided by this embodiment is used in the surrounding rock cave sections of grades III, IV, and V. 21. The tunnel arch wall composed of the waterproof membrane layer 22 and the secondary molded lining layer 23 is also equipped with a tunnel invert at the bottom of the excavated tunnel. The tunnel invert includes the bottom primary support layer 241 and the bottom secondary molded The lining layer 242 and the filling layer 243 are used to enhance the supporting capacity of the entire tunnel.

As shown in Figure 12-1, in the circular construction joint 231 section of the inverted arch of the tunnel, a mid-buried rubber waterstop 2421 is provided in the middle of the secondary molded lining layer 242 at the bottom, and a secondary molded lining layer 242 at the bottom The lower surface of the bottom surface is buried with a back-adhesive rubber waterstop 2411, and the width of the middle-buried rubber waterstop 2421 and the back-adhesive rubber waterstop 2411 is 40cm to prevent water from penetrating into the construction joint 231 from the ring.

Further, as shown in Figure 12-2, vertical seamless steel pipes 233 are buried at intervals at the bottom of the deformation construction joint 232 section of the inverted arch of the tunnel, and the seamless steel pipes 233 are filled with butter to prevent the seamless steel pipes 233 from rusting. The seamless steel pipe 233 plays the role of connecting the invert of the two-ring tunnel, preventing local deformation of the invert of the tunnel from damaging the waterproof ability.

Because the two ports of the longitudinal blind pipe are easily blocked by solidified concrete, after the tunnel is put into use later, it is difficult to drain water in some sections of the tunnel, and the water can be drained through the spare drain pipe, which not only reduces the water pressure on the back of the tunnel arch wall, but also prevents the tunnel from being damaged due to excessive water pressure. High damage to the tunnel structure while avoiding the need to re-drill the scuppers saves costs.

The utility model has been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but those skilled in the art can understand that without departing from the purpose of the utility model, each specific parameter in the above-mentioned embodiments can also be adjusted. Changes and the formation of multiple specific embodiments are common variation ranges of the present utility model, and will not be described in detail here.

Claims (8)

1. A tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, comprising a tunnel arch wall composed of an initial support layer, a waterproof membrane layer, and a secondary molded lining layer arranged successively on the wall surface of the excavated tunnel, and the two sides of the lining structure on the bottom surface of the excavated tunnel There are longitudinally extending side ditches on the sides, and a longitudinal blind pipe is buried at the bottom of the tunnel arch wall. The two ends of the longitudinal dead pipe are bent inward and connected to the side ditch. There is a circumferential drainage blind pipe at intervals between the waterproof coiled material layer or/and a circumferential drainage board is provided on both sides of the construction joint, and the two ends of the circumferential drainage board or/and the circumferential drainage blind pipe are connected to the corresponding The longitudinal blind pipe; the bottom of the tunnel arch wall is also provided with a horizontal spare drain pipe, the outer end of the spare drain pipe is connected to the corresponding side ditch, and the inner end is located in the initial support layer. 2. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner port of the spare drain pipe is sealed with scotch tape, the outer port is bound with geotextile, and a supporting steel bar is set at the bottom of the spare drain pipe, and the The inner ends of the support bars are inserted into the tunnel wall. 3. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, one of the backup drain pipes is respectively arranged on both sides of the tunnel ring construction joint, and the adjacent two drain pipes on both sides of the tunnel ring construction joint The spare drain pipe spacing is 50-80cm. 4. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the longitudinal blind pipe is a perforated corrugated pipe, and the longitudinal dead pipe is located between the initial support layer and the waterproof coiled material layer, so A C15 sand-free concrete drainage body is poured around the longitudinal blind pipe; a layer of geotextile is wrapped outside the spare drain pipe and the longitudinal blind pipe; a layer of geotextile is laid between the primary support layer and the waterproof membrane layer. 5. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that longitudinally extending bottom drainage blind pipes are respectively provided on both sides below the lining structure of the bottom surface of the excavated tunnel, and horizontal drainage pipes are arranged between the bottom drainage blind pipes. Drain dead pipe. 6. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, a buried rubber waterstop is provided in the middle of the circumferential construction joints and deformation construction joints of the tunnel arch wall, and the top is located on the waterproof coiled material There is a back-adhesive rubber waterstop under the layer. 7. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a back-adhesive rubber waterstop is provided at the bottom of the circular construction joints and deformation construction joints of the inverted arch of the tunnel, and a buried rubber waterstop is provided in the middle. Waterstop: longitudinal seamless steel pipes are buried at intervals at the deformation construction joints of the tunnel invert, and the seamless steel pipes are filled with butter. 8. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, a pre-attached soft permeable pipe is arranged longitudinally below the top waterproof membrane layer of the tunnel arch wall, and one end of the pre-attached soft permeable pipe A vertical galvanized steel pipe is provided, one end of the galvanized steel pipe is connected to the pre-attached soft permeable pipe, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the tunnel arch wall.