CN209460106U - Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load - Google Patents
Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load Download PDFInfo
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- CN209460106U CN209460106U CN201920154344.6U CN201920154344U CN209460106U CN 209460106 U CN209460106 U CN 209460106U CN 201920154344 U CN201920154344 U CN 201920154344U CN 209460106 U CN209460106 U CN 209460106U
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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Abstract
Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load, belongs to mining engineering technical field.Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of the dynamic load, it include confining pressure controller, axis pressure controller, big osmotic control device, live load set controller and data collector including experiment tank body, axis pressure system, confining pressure system, big osmotic system, live load loading system, external frame and control system, control system.Top board seepage experimental rig can acquire data of the top plate sample when applying axis pressure, confining pressure, dynamic load and big seepage flow and supplying water simultaneously under the influence of the dynamic load.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to mining engineering technical field, in particular to top board seepage test dress under the influence of a kind of dynamic load
It sets.
Background technique
Water is widely distributed in coal measure strata, is generally divided into artesian water and Free water.Roadway excavation and driving destroy rock
The stress of primary rock state of body, Stress relief change the structure and its occurrence patterns of rock mass in the process, are easy to cause back
The flowing of water may cause water inrush accident if hydraulic pressure and water are larger.Research finds not only to cut in roof water flow event
The weak intensity of balkstone, also reduces the intensity of prop, is easy to induce back deformation instability.
Seepage research tendency is from microcosmic mostly in rock mass or inside soil body water migration path and water transition process at present
The physical and mechanical property variation expansion research of regional area.Due to being influenced by research object scaling, size, it is difficult pair
Entire top plate there are the vulnerable areas of initial fissure with the preferable stable region of complete, fine and close physical and mechanical property relatively, in outside
Research is unfolded to the stability of top board seepage situation and top plate entirety under dynamic effect, previous research can not obtain fragility simultaneously
The collaborative variation in region and stability region.
Summary of the invention
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, top board seepage tries under the influence of the utility model provides a kind of dynamic load
Experiment device can acquire data of the top plate sample when applying axis pressure, confining pressure, dynamic load and big seepage flow and supplying water simultaneously, can
Research water abundant ground top plate dominated by initial fissure weak section coverage, Weakening degree and summarize crack form and influence
Rule between range, Weakening degree, and then vulnerable areas unstability, broken under the influence of by lasting seepage flow, burst dynamic load is unfolded
The bad influence to outer rim stability region and top plate overall stability.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the utility model is:
Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load, including experiment tank body, axis pressure system, confining pressure system, big seep
Streaming system, live load loading system, external frame and control system；
The top of the experiment tank body is equipped with water outlet, and the bottom for testing tank body is equipped with water inlet, tests tank wall
Lower part is equipped with first through hole, and the top for testing tank wall is equipped with the second through-hole, and that tests tank body is internally provided with top plate sample,
Crack is equipped in the top plate sample, the side wall of top plate sample is equipped with foil gauge and vibrating sensor, sets above top plate sample
There is upper protection board, the lower section of top plate sample is equipped with lower protection board, and the upper protection board and lower protection board are equipped with and the crack
The through slot of face, the top of the upper protection board are equipped with upper infiltration pressure plate, and the lower section of the lower protection board is equipped with lower infiltration and adds
Pressing plate, the upper protection board and upper infiltration pressure plate are equipped with corresponding seepage flow hole, the lower protection board and lower infiltration pressurization
Plate is equipped with corresponding seepage flow hole, and the upper infiltration pressure plate and lower infiltration pressure plate are equipped with infiltration plate water diversion joint, institute
The infiltration plate water diversion joint for stating infiltration pressure plate is connect by metal pressure-bearing water pipe with the water outlet, the lower infiltration pressurization
The infiltration plate water diversion joint of plate is connect by metal pressure-bearing water pipe with the water inlet, the upper infiltration pressure plate, upper protection board,
The external package oil removal rubber membrane of the entirety of top plate sample, lower protection board, lower infiltration pressure plate, foil gauge and vibrating sensor；
The axis pressure system includes upper load piston, loads jack, lower load piston and pressure sensor, described above to add
The top that upper infiltration pressure plate is arranged in piston is carried, and is held and is connect by spool with the top of experiment tank body, upper load piston
Top is equipped with load jack, and the lower section of lower infiltration pressure plate, and the bottom with experiment tank body is arranged in the lower load piston
Connection is held by spool, the lower section of the lower load piston is equipped with pressure sensor；
The confining pressure system includes hydraulic oil tank, oil inlet pump group and oil return air pump, and the hydraulic oil tank passes through first respectively
Confining pressure pipeline and the second confining pressure pipeline are connected to first through hole, and hydraulic oil tank is connected to by third confining pressure pipeline with the second through-hole,
Oil inlet pump group and the first shut-off valve are provided on the first confining pressure pipeline, the second confining pressure pipeline is equipped with the second cut-off
Valve, the third confining pressure pipeline are equipped with the 5th shut-off valve and third shut-off valve, and the 5th shut-off valve is positioned close to hydraulic
The side of oil tank, the oil return air pump are arranged between the 5th shut-off valve and third shut-off valve, and by all around pressure pipeline with
The connection of third confining pressure pipeline, described all around pressure pipeline be equipped with the 4th shut-off valve；
The big osmotic system includes catch basin, water inlet pump group, overflow valve, water feeding pressure sensor, water outlet hydraulic pressure sensing
Device, first flowmeter and second flowmeter, the catch basin are connected to by the first seepage flow pipeline with water inlet, first seepage flow
Overflow valve and water inlet pump group are provided on pipeline, the overflow valve is positioned close to the side of water inlet, and overflow valve passes through second
Seepage flow pipeline is connected to catch basin, and water feeding pressure sensor is arranged in water inlet, and the water outlet passes through third seepage flow respectively
Pipeline and the 4th seepage flow pipeline are connected to catch basin, and first flowmeter and the 6th cut-off are provided on the third seepage flow pipeline
Valve is provided with second flowmeter and the 7th shut-off valve, the third seepage flow pipeline and the 4th seepage flow on the 4th seepage flow pipeline
Pipeline is connect with water outlet hydraulic pressure sensor simultaneously close to the side of water outlet；
The live load loading system includes dynamic load telescopic arm and track pedestal, the top of the dynamic load telescopic arm and experiment
The bottom of tank body connects, and the lower section of dynamic load telescopic arm is arranged in the track pedestal, and passes through with dynamic load telescopic arm multiple
Ball row's connection；
The surrounding of experiment tank body is arranged in the external frame, and the column and track pedestal of the external frame are by using group
Location nut connection is filled, the column of the external frame is equipped with multiple height-regulating spirals, described that spiral is turned up and tests tank body
Side wall connection, the bottom of the external frame and track pedestal are arranged by ball and are connected；
The control system includes confining pressure controller, axis pressure controller, big osmotic control device, live load set controller and data
Collector, the confining pressure controller are connect with oil inlet pump group, and the axis pressure controller is connect with load jack, the big seepage flow
Controller is connect with overflow valve, and the live load set controller is connect with dynamic load telescopic arm, the data collector respectively with answer
Become piece to connect with vibrating sensor.
The top plate sample is cylindrical structure, a diameter of 30~45cm, a height of 10~15cm, the aperture in the crack
For 0.5~2.0mm, the angle of crack and horizontal direction is 65~90 °.
The foil gauge and vibrating sensor being provided at circumferentially spaced along top plate sample side wall same level height, the top
The upper, middle and lower of plate sample side wall is respectively equipped with foil gauge and vibrating sensor.
The upper protection board and lower protection board are made of plasticity water proof material, and the through slot is identical as fracture opening, deep
For 2.0mm.
The bottom of the experiment tank body is equipped with data string hole, and the foil gauge and vibrating sensor are logical with data collector
Data line connection is crossed, the data line passes through data string hole.
Centre at the top of the track pedestal is equipped with groove one, and dynamic load telescopic arm bottom is equipped with and track pedestal
The corresponding protrusion of groove one, the groove one of the track pedestal and the ball row that projects through of dynamic load telescopic arm bottom connect,
It is surrounded by groove two at the top of the track pedestal, the groove two, which is arranged with dynamic load telescopic arm bottom by ball, to be connected,
The side of the track pedestal is equipped with groove three, and connection is arranged by ball in the groove three and the bottom of external frame.
The first flowmeter and second flowmeter are arranged at close to the side of catch basin, and the range of first flowmeter is
1000ml/s~20000ml/s, the range of second flowmeter are 0.5ml/s~5000ml/s.
The top of the upper infiltration pressure plate is equipped with upper pressure plate groove corresponding with upper load piston, and the lower infiltration adds
The bottom of pressing plate is equipped with lower pressure plate groove corresponding with lower load piston.
The bottom of the side wall and experiment tank body of the experiment tank body is connected by a snap, and the outside of the buckle is equipped with buckle
Lantern ring.
The test method of top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of above-mentioned dynamic load, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: in the side wall stickup foil gauge of top plate sample and embedded vibrating sensor, the top of top plate sample side wall,
Middle part and lower part are respectively equipped with foil gauge and vibrating sensor, foil gauge and vibrating sensor interval in same level
Setting；
Step 2: installation top plate sample, is first fixed external frame and track pedestal with assembling location nut, by upper guarantor
The through slot of the backplate and lower protection board crack face with top plate sample respectively, by the seepage flow hole of upper protection board and upper infiltration pressure plate
It is corresponding, the seepage flow hole of lower protection board and lower infiltration pressure plate is corresponding, according to upper infiltration pressure plate, upper protection board, top plate sample,
It is wrapped up, and is integrally placed on lower load piston with oil removal rubber membrane after the sequence alignment of lower protection board and lower infiltration pressure plate,
Keep the lower pressure plate groove of lower infiltration pressure plate corresponding with lower load piston, foil gauge and vibrating sensor are passed through into data respectively
Line is connect with data collector, it is upper infiltration pressure plate and it is lower infiltration pressure plate infiltration plate water diversion joint respectively with metal artesian water
Pipe connection, the height-regulating spiral adjusted in external frame fall experiment tank body, make metal pressure-bearing water pipe and corresponding water inlet or out
Buckle loading test tank wall and experiment tank body bottom junctions are put down buckle lantern ring by mouth of a river connection after alignment；
Step 3: preparing before applying confining pressure, it is first turned on the first shut-off valve, the second shut-off valve is closed, opens third cut-off
Valve closes the 4th shut-off valve, opens the 5th shut-off valve, starts oil inlet pump group, and hydraulic oil tank is made to pass through first through hole to experimental tank
Body internal filled liquid pressure oil, for providing radial confining pressure to top plate sample, after being full of hydraulic oil in experimental tank body, hydraulic oil via
The outflow of second through-hole, flows back to hydraulic oil tank through third shut-off valve and the 5th shut-off valve, until the second through-hole no longer excludes bubble, really
Recognize and empty in experimental tank body after air, temporarily ceases the work of oil inlet pump group, close the first shut-off valve, to the second through-hole no longer because of pressure
After power oil spilling, third shut-off valve and the 5th shut-off valve are closed, opens the first shut-off valve；
Step 4: water exhaust of satisfying before big seepage tests, after preparing to axis pressure with confining pressure, starting water inlet pump group, to reality
It tests tank body inner top panel sample and carries out full water exhaust, big osmotic system water supply enters experiment tank body by water inlet and flows out from water outlet,
Until water outlet is not overflowing bubble, temporary close water inlet pump group；
Step 5: starting to test and acquire data, load jack pair top plate sample is controlled by axis pressure controller and is applied
Axis pressure, and loading procedure axis pressure is recorded by pressure sensor in real time, oil inlet pump group is controlled to top plate by confining pressure controller
Sample applies confining pressure, and confining pressure controller shows confining pressure in loading procedure, and records the deformation of top plate sample in real time by foil gauge
Amount controls overflow valve by big osmotic control device and carries out big seepage flow water supply to top plate sample, and big osmotic control device shows water inlet
Flow of inlet water records water inlet hydraulic pressure by water feeding pressure sensor, records water outlet hydraulic pressure by water outlet hydraulic pressure sensor, leads to
First flowmeter or second flowmeter record water outlet water flow are crossed, to axis pressure, confining pressure, the deformation quantity of top plate sample, water inlet
After mouthful flow of inlet water, water inlet hydraulic pressure, water outlet water flow and water outlet hydraulic pressure are relatively stable, assembling location nut is removed,
Dynamic load telescopic arm is controlled by live load set controller, dynamic load is applied to experiment tank body, applied by vibrating sensor record dynamic
The acceleration of dynamic load direction upper plate sample when load, meanwhile, control system acquire dynamic load apply when axis pressure, confining pressure,
Deformation quantity, water inlet flow of inlet water, water inlet hydraulic pressure, water outlet water flow and the water outlet hydraulic pressure of top plate sample；
Step 6: resetting, release, dynamic load telescopic arm is resetted by live load set controller after experiment, is pacified again
Dress assembling location nut, makes track pedestal keep opposing stationary with experiment tank body, and stopping load jack applies axis and presses and shrink
Its lower surface makes it with upper load piston contact, not stop water inlet pump group work, open overflow valve and empty in top plate sample naturally
Water stops the work of oil inlet pump group, closes the first shut-off valve, opens the 5th shut-off valve and third shut-off valve, first make with pressure hydraulic
Oil flows back in hydraulic oil tank via the second through-hole, stablizes not after excessive after oil spilling, successively opens the second shut-off valve, closes the 5th
Shut-off valve, open the 4th shut-off valve, start oil return air pump, make air enter in experimental tank body via the second through-hole make it is hydraulic in it
Oil is through after confirmation first through hole is flowed out without hydraulic oil again, closing oil return in first through hole and the second shut-off valve hydraulic return oil tank
Air pump is closed all shut-off valves after stable gas pressure, and is checked；
Step 7: top plate sample is dismantled, buckle lantern ring, removal buckle are successively removed after experiment, by the way that spiral is turned up
Rise experiment tank body, removes top plate sample and remove oil removal rubber membrane.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that
Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load of the utility model presses system, confining pressure system, live load by axis
Loading system and big seepage flow supply water the primary fissured roof that runs through of four pilot system simulations by tunneling construction, explosion, impact ground
Big seepage coupling test under the influences such as pressure, earthquake can acquire top plate sample simultaneously and apply axis pressure, confining pressure, live load
Carry and data when big seepage flow supplies water, realize the simulation of the compressive deformation to roof fragmented rock body, can effectively recognize and
Geology disturbance is to top plate initial fissure structure evolution during disclosing seam mining, and the influence to barrier outlet capacity, is deep
The research of roadway construction technical security is provided fundamental basis under the aqueous geological conditions in portion.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure signal of top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load provided by the utility model
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that top plate sample provided by the utility model places schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of experiment tank body provided by the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of experiment tank body provided by the utility model；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of live load loading system provided by the utility model.
Wherein, 1, hydraulic oil tank；2, oil return air pump；3, oil inlet pump group；4, confining pressure controller；5-1, the first shut-off valve； 5-
2, the second shut-off valve；5-3, third shut-off valve；5-4, the 4th shut-off valve；5-5, the 5th shut-off valve；5-6, the 6th shut-off valve；5-7,
7th shut-off valve；6, first through hole；7, the second through-hole；8, axis pressure controller；9, jack is loaded；10, catch basin；11, it intakes
Pump group；12, overflow valve；13, big osmotic control device；14-1, water feeding pressure sensor；14-2, water outlet hydraulic pressure sensor；15-1,
First flowmeter；15-2, second flowmeter；16, water inlet；17, water outlet；18, tank body is tested；19, track pedestal；20, outer
Portion's frame；21, spiral is turned up；22, location nut is assembled；23, ball is arranged；24, dynamic load telescopic arm；25, dynamic load controls
Device；26, top plate sample；27, crack；28-1, upper protection board；28-2, lower protection board；29-1, upper infiltration pressure plate；29-2, under
Permeate pressure plate；30, plate water diversion joint is permeated；31, metal pressure-bearing water pipe；32, oil removal rubber membrane；33, foil gauge；34, pressure
Sensor；35, spool is held；36-1, upper load piston；36-2, lower load piston；37, it buckles；38, lantern ring is buckled；40, data
String holes；41, data collector.
Specific embodiment
The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, carries out the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model
Clearly and completely describing, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the utility model, rather than all
Embodiment.In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside" " front end ", " after
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as end ", " both ends ", " one end ", " other end " is that orientation based on the figure or position are closed
System, is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning are necessary
It with specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.In addition,
Term " first ", " second ", " third ", " the 4th ", " the 5th ", " the 6th ", " the 7th " etc. are used for description purposes only, and cannot be managed
Solution is indication or suggestion relative importance.Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being provided with ", " connection "
Deng shall be understood in a broad sense, such as " connection ", may be fixed connection or may be dismantle connection, or integral connection；It can
To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in utility model.
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the utility model provides a kind of dynamic load
Under the influence of top board seepage experimental rig, including experiment tank body 18, axis press system, confining pressure system, big osmotic system, dynamic load system
System, external frame 20 and control system；
The top for testing tank body 18 is equipped with water outlet 17, and the bottom of experiment tank body 18 is equipped with water inlet 16, tests tank body 18
The lower part of side wall is equipped with first through hole 6, and the top of experiment 18 side wall of tank body is equipped with the second through-hole 7, and the inside of experiment tank body 18 is set
It is equipped with top plate sample 26, crack 27 is equipped in top plate sample 26, the side wall of top plate sample 26 is equipped with foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensing
Device, the top of top plate sample 26 are equipped with upper protection board 28-1, and the lower section of top plate sample 26 is equipped with lower protection board 28-2, upper protection board
28-1 and lower protection board 28-2 is equipped with the through slot with 27 face of crack, and the top of upper protection board 28-1 is equipped with upper infiltration pressure plate
It is equal that the lower section of 29-1, lower protection board 28-2 are equipped with lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2, upper protection board 28-1 and upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1
Equipped with corresponding seepage flow hole, lower protection board 28-2 and lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2 are equipped with corresponding seepage flow hole, upper infiltration
Pressure plate 29-1 and lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2 is equipped with infiltration plate water diversion joint 30, and the infiltration plate of upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1 draws
Water swivel 30 is connect by metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31 with water outlet 17, the infiltration plate water diversion joint 30 of lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2
Connect by metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31 with water inlet 16, upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1, upper protection board 28-1, top plate sample 26, under
The external package oil removal rubber membrane 32 of the entirety of protection board 28-2, lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2, foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor；
Axis pressure system includes upper load piston 36-1, loads jack 9, lower load piston 36-2 and pressure sensor 34,
The top of upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1 is arranged in upper load piston 36-1, and holds 35 companies by spool with the top of experiment tank body 18
It connects, the top of upper load piston 36-1 is equipped with load jack 9, and lower load piston 36-2 is arranged in lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2's
Lower section, and 35 connections are held by spool with the bottom of experiment tank body 18, the lower section of lower load piston 36-2 is equipped with pressure sensor
34；
Confining pressure system includes hydraulic oil tank 1, oil inlet pump group 3 and oil return air pump 2, and hydraulic oil tank 1 passes through the first confining pressure respectively
Pipeline and the second confining pressure pipeline are connected to first through hole 6, and hydraulic oil tank 1 is connected to by third confining pressure pipeline with the second through-hole 7, the
Oil inlet pump group 3 and the first shut-off valve 5-1 are provided on one confining pressure pipeline, the second confining pressure pipeline is equipped with the second shut-off valve 5-2, the
Measurements of the chest, waist and hips pressure pipeline is equipped with the 5th shut-off valve 5-5 and third shut-off valve 5-3, the 5th shut-off valve 5-5 are positioned close to hydraulic oil tank 1
Side, oil return air pump 2 is arranged between the 5th shut-off valve 5-5 and third shut-off valve 5-3, and passes through all around pressure pipeline and the
The connection of measurements of the chest, waist and hips pressure pipeline, all around pressure pipeline be equipped with the 4th shut-off valve 5-4；
Big osmotic system includes catch basin 10, water inlet pump group 11, overflow valve 12, water feeding pressure sensor 14-1, water outlet water
Pressure sensor 14-2, first flowmeter 15-1 and second flowmeter 15-2, catch basin 10 pass through the first seepage flow pipeline and water inlet
16 are connected to, and overflow valve 12 and water inlet pump group 11 are provided on the first seepage flow pipeline, and overflow valve 12 is positioned close to water inlet 16
Side, overflow valve 12 are connected to by the second seepage flow pipeline with catch basin 10, and water feeding pressure sensor 14-1 is arranged in water inlet 16
Place, water outlet 17 are connected to catch basin 10 by third seepage flow pipeline and the 4th seepage flow pipeline respectively, are set on third seepage flow pipeline
It is equipped with first flowmeter 15-1 and the 6th shut-off valve 5-6, second flowmeter 15-2 and the 7th section is provided on the 4th seepage flow pipeline
Only valve 5-7, first flowmeter 15-1 and second flowmeter 15-2 are arranged at close to the side of catch basin 10, first flowmeter
The range of 15-1 is 1000ml/s~20000ml/s, and the range of second flowmeter 15-2 is 0.5ml/s~5000ml/s, third
Seepage flow pipeline and the 4th seepage flow pipeline are connect with water outlet hydraulic pressure sensor 14-2 simultaneously close to the side of water outlet 17；
Live load loading system includes dynamic load telescopic arm 24 and track pedestal 19, the top of dynamic load telescopic arm 24 and experimental tank
The bottom of body 18 connects, and the lower section of dynamic load telescopic arm 24 is arranged in track pedestal 19, and passes through with dynamic load telescopic arm 24 more
A 23 connection of ball row；
The surrounding of experiment tank body 18 is arranged in external frame 20, and the column and track pedestal 19 of external frame 20 are by using group
It fills location nut 22 to connect, the column of external frame 20 is equipped with multiple height-regulating spirals 21, and spiral 21 and experiment tank body 18 is turned up
Side wall connection, the bottom of external frame 20 arranges 23 by ball with track pedestal 19 and connect, and the lifting of experiment tank body 18 is by outer
Spiral 21 is turned up on portion's frame 20 to be adjusted, in the Preparatory work of experiment stage, external frame 20 passes through assembling location nut 22 and rail
Road pedestal 19 is connected with the stability of security reserve stage entirety；
Control system includes confining pressure controller 4, axis pressure controller 8, big osmotic control device 13,25 sum number of live load set controller
According to collector 41, confining pressure controller 4 is connect with oil inlet pump group 3, and axis pressure controller 8 is connect with load jack 9, big osmotic control
Device 13 is connect with overflow valve 12, and live load set controller 25 is connect with dynamic load telescopic arm 24, data collector 41 respectively with strain
Piece 33 is connected with vibrating sensor.
In the present embodiment, control system uses the digital controller of EDC, passes through the confining pressure control in the digital controller of EDC
Device 4, axis pressure controller 8, big osmotic control device 13, live load set controller 25 and data collector 41 processed carry out top plate sample 26
Control, the digital controller of EDC have multiple Measurement channels, can carry out closed-loop control, Er Qieke to wherein any one channel
It in test to carry out conversion free of discontinuities to control channel, can individually work, can also be controlled by computer and carry out work
Make.In the present embodiment, there is certain gap between upper load piston 36-1 when load jack 9 does not work, do not contact.Oil inlet
Pump group 3 is positioned close to the side of hydraulic oil tank 1.As shown in figure 3, first through hole 6 be to experiment tank body 18 in oil inlet or to
The hole of oil return in hydraulic oil tank 1, the second through-hole 7 are experiment 18 oil overflow hole of tank body or air inlet.Load jack 9 is installed in reality
Test 18 top of tank body.The upper center of dynamic load telescopic arm 24 is arranged in pressure sensor 34.The infiltration of upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1
Saturating plate water diversion joint 30 is corresponding with the position of water outlet 17, and is connected by metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31, lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2
Infiltration plate water diversion joint 30 it is corresponding with the position of water inlet 16, and by metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31 connect, foil gauge 33 use
KYOWA waterproof foil gauge 33, vibrating sensor use DK2250 integration vibrating sensor.
In the present embodiment, experiment 18 bottom of tank body is bolted with dynamic load telescopic arm 24, dynamic load telescopic arm 24 and rail
Road pedestal 19 is by 23 contact of ball row, to guarantee that experiment tank body 18 can be smoothly flexible with following load when applying dynamic load
Arm 24 vibrates, and track pedestal 19 and dynamic load telescopic arm 24 are connect by ball row 23, i.e., 19 upper surface of track pedestal and
24 lower surface of dynamic load telescopic arm is not directly contacted with, and only passes through 23 connection of ball row, equally, external frame 20 and track pedestal
19 also only by 23 connection of ball row, and the width of 19 groove two of track pedestal is 1mm more wide than the row of ball row 23, to ensure to test
Tank body 18 will not topple over, and spacing is 1mm to external frame 20 everywhere with track pedestal 19, with maintenance system monolithic stability,
Track pedestal 19 is square cubic structure, and external frame 20 is square cubic frame corresponding with track pedestal 19.
In this fact Example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, top plate sample 26 is cylindrical structure, and a diameter of 30~45cm is a height of
10~15cm, the aperture in crack 27 are 0.5~2.0mm, and crack 27 and the angle of horizontal direction are 65~90 °.Upper protection board 28-
1 and lower protection board 28-2 is made of plasticity water proof material, and through slot is identical as 27 aperture of crack, depth 2.0mm, upper protection board
28-1 and lower protection board 28-2 is equipped with the through slot with 27 face of crack, and upper protection board 28-1 and upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1 are all provided with
There is corresponding seepage flow hole, lower protection board 28-2 and lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2 are equipped with corresponding seepage flow hole, formed water
Access.As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor are along the circumferentially-spaced of 26 side wall same level height of top plate sample
Setting, the upper, middle and lower of 26 side wall of top plate sample is respectively equipped with foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor.Test tank body 18
Bottom be equipped with data string hole 40, foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor connect with data collector 41 by data line, data
Line passes through data string hole 40.
In this fact Example, the top of experiment tank body 18 is equipped with upper load piston connecting hole, and upper load piston 36-1 passes through upper
It loads piston connecting hole and 35 connections is held by spool with upper load piston connecting hole, the bottom of experiment tank body 18 is equipped with lower load
Piston connecting hole, lower load piston 36-2 pass through lower load piston connecting hole and hold 35 by spool with lower load piston connecting hole
Connection, the top of upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1 are equipped with upper pressure plate groove corresponding with upper load piston 36-1, lower infiltration pressurization
The bottom of plate 29-2 is equipped with lower pressure plate groove corresponding with lower load piston 36-2, upper pressure plate groove and upper load piston
The correspondingly-sized of 36-1 is identical, and lower pressure plate groove is identical as the lower load correspondingly-sized of piston 36-2, is lived with loading in guarantee
Fill in 36-1 and the lower smooth transmission axle pressure of load piston 36-2.As shown in Fig. 2, the side wall of experiment tank body and the bottom of experiment tank body are logical
37 connection of buckle is crossed, the outside for buckling 37 is equipped with buckle lantern ring 38.In the present embodiment, the side wall and experimental tank of tank body 18 are tested
For 18 bottom of body by 37 connection of buckle, experiment tank body 18 is external by adjusting during installing or removing top plate sample 26
The height-regulating spiral 21 connecting on frame 20 with experiment 18 side wall of tank body realizes the lifting of experiment tank body 18, and experiment tank body 18 is down to
After testing 18 bottom of tank body, insertion buckle 37 simultaneously puts down buckle lantern ring 38 outside buckle 37, and card is successively removed after experiment
Retaining ring ring 38 removes top plate sample 26 after removing buckle 37, promotion experiment tank body 18.
As shown in figure 5, the centre at 19 top of track pedestal is equipped with groove one, 24 bottom of dynamic load telescopic arm is equipped with and track
The corresponding protrusion of groove one of pedestal 19, the groove one of track pedestal 19 and 24 bottom of dynamic load telescopic arm project through ball
23 connection of row, be surrounded by groove two, groove two and 24 bottom of dynamic load telescopic arm at 19 top of track pedestal are arranged by ball
23 connections, the side of track pedestal 19 are equipped with groove three, and groove three is connect with the bottom of external frame 20 by ball row 23.
The test method of top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of above-mentioned dynamic load, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the side wall in top plate sample 26 pastes foil gauge 33 and embedded vibrating sensor, 26 side wall of top plate sample
Upper, middle and lower be respectively equipped with foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor, foil gauge 33 in same level and vibration
Dynamic sensor distance setting；
Step 2: installation top plate sample 26, is first consolidated external frame 20 and track pedestal 19 with assembling location nut 22
It is fixed, by the through slot of upper protection board 28-1 and lower protection board 28-2 27 face of crack with top plate sample 26 respectively, by upper protection board
The seepage flow hole of 28-1 and upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1 are corresponding, by the seepage flow hole of lower protection board 28-2 and lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2
It is corresponding, according to upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1, upper protection board 28-1, top plate sample 26, lower protection board 28-2 and lower infiltration pressure plate
It is wrapped up, and is integrally placed on lower load piston 36-2 with oil removal rubber membrane 32 after the sequence alignment of 29-2, lower infiltration is made to pressurize
The lower pressure plate groove of plate 29-2 is corresponding with lower load piston 36-2, and foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor are passed through data respectively
Line is connect with data collector 41, and the infiltration plate water diversion joint 30 of upper infiltration pressure plate 29-1 and lower infiltration pressure plate 29-2 are distinguished
It is connect with metal pressure-bearing water pipe 31, adjusts the height-regulating spiral 21 in external frame 20 and fall experiment tank body 18, make metal artesian water
Pipe 31 is connected with corresponding water inlet 16 or water outlet 17, by buckle 37 loading test tank body, 18 side wall and experiment 18 bottom of tank body
Buckle lantern ring 38 is put down in portion junction after alignment；
Step 3: preparing before applying confining pressure, it is first turned on the first shut-off valve 5-1, the second shut-off valve 5-2 is closed, opens the
Three shut-off valve 5-3, it closes the 4th shut-off valve 5-4, open the 5th shut-off valve 5-5, starting oil inlet pump group 3, pass through hydraulic oil tank 1
First through hole 6 is to experiment 18 internal filled liquid pressure oil of tank body, for providing radial confining pressure to top plate sample 26, in tank body 18 to be tested
After hydraulic oil, hydraulic oil is flowed out via the second through-hole 7, flows back to hydraulic oil through third shut-off valve 5-3 and the 5th shut-off valve 5-5
Tank 1, until the second through-hole 7 no longer excludes bubble and temporarily ceases 3 work of oil inlet pump group in confirmation emptying experiment tank body 18 after air
Make, close the first shut-off valve 5-1, after the second through-hole 7 no longer because of pressure oil spilling after, close third shut-off valve 5-3 and the 5th cut-off
Valve 5-5 opens the first shut-off valve 5-1；
Step 4: water exhaust of satisfying before big seepage tests, after preparing to axis pressure with confining pressure, starting water inlet pump group 11 is right
Experiment 18 inner top panel sample 26 of tank body carries out water exhaust of satisfying, and big osmotic system, which supplies water, enters experiment tank body 18 from out by water inlet 16
The mouth of a river 17 is flowed out, until water outlet 17 is not overflowing bubble, temporary close water inlet pump group 11；
Step 5: starting to test and acquire data, load jack 9 is controlled to top plate sample 26 by axis pressure controller 8
Apply axis pressure, and loading procedure axis pressure is recorded by pressure sensor 34 in real time, passes through confining pressure controller 4 and control oil inlet pump group
3 pairs of top plate samples 26 apply confining pressure, and confining pressure controller 4 shows confining pressure in loading procedure, and records top in real time by foil gauge 33
The deformation quantity of plate sample 26 controls overflow valve 12 by big osmotic control device 13 and carries out big seepage flow water supply to top plate sample 26, greatly
Osmotic control device 13 shows water inlet flow of inlet water, records water inlet hydraulic pressure by water feeding pressure sensor 14-1, passes through water outlet
Hydraulic pressure sensor 14-2 records water outlet hydraulic pressure, records water outlet water outlet by first flowmeter 15-1 or second flowmeter 15-2
Flow, to axis pressure, confining pressure, the deformation quantity of top plate sample 26, water inlet flow of inlet water, water inlet hydraulic pressure, water outlet water flow
With water outlet hydraulic pressure it is relatively stable after, remove assembling location nut 22, pass through live load set controller 25 and control dynamic load telescopic arm
24 pairs of experiment tank bodies 18 apply dynamic load, and dynamic load direction upper plate sample when applying dynamic load is recorded by vibrating sensor
26 acceleration, meanwhile, control system acquires axis pressure, confining pressure, the deformation quantity of top plate sample 26, water inlet when dynamic load applies
Flow of inlet water, water inlet hydraulic pressure, water outlet water flow and water outlet hydraulic pressure；
Step 6: resetting, release, reset dynamic load telescopic arm 24 by live load set controller 25 after experiment, weight
New installation assembling location nut 22, makes track pedestal 19 keep opposing stationary with experiment tank body 18, stops load jack 9 and applies
Axis is pressed and shrinking its lower surface contacts it with upper load piston 36-1, is stopped water inlet pump group 11 and is worked, opens overflow valve 12
Naturally water in top plate sample 26 is emptied, stops oil inlet pump group 3 and works, close the first shut-off valve 5-1, open the 5th shut-off valve
5-5 and third shut-off valve 5-3, flows back to hydraulic oil with pressure in hydraulic oil tank 1 via the second through-hole 7, does not exist to oil spilling stabilization
After excessive, the second shut-off valve 5-2 is successively opened, the 5th shut-off valve 5-5 is closed, opens the 4th shut-off valve 5-4, starts oil return air pump
2, entering air in experiment tank body 18 via the second through-hole 7 makes in it hydraulic oil through first through hole 6 and the second shut-off valve 5-2
In hydraulic return oil tank 1, after confirmation first through hole is flowed out without hydraulic oil again, oil return air pump 2 is closed, is closed after stable gas pressure all
Shut-off valve, and check；
Step 7: top plate sample 26 is dismantled, buckle lantern ring 38 is successively removed after experiment, removal buckle 37, passes through tune
High spiral 21 rises experiment tank body 18, removes top plate sample 26 and removes oil removal rubber membrane 32.
In actual use, the top plate sample 26 for replacing different 27 parameters of crack, passes through a kind of live load of the utility model
Top board seepage experimental rig is tested under the influence of load, is acquired top plate sample 26 simultaneously during the test respectively and is being applied live load
Axis pressure, confining pressure, the deformation quantity of top plate sample 26, water inlet flow of inlet water, water inlet hydraulic pressure, water outlet water flow when load,
The data of water outlet hydraulic pressure and acceleration, top plate sample 26 is dismantled and observes the damaged deformation spy of top plate sample 26 after experiment
Sign analyzes the evolutionary model of the mutual coupled relation of these data, and quantitative description and analysis 27 aperture of crack, inclination angle are to dynamic load
It acts on lower roof plate stability and obstructs the Influencing Mechanism that outlet capacity restores.
In the present embodiment, in order to which quantitative study simulation 27 geometric shape of water-proof top plate initial fissure is to the shadow of seepage tests
It rings, top plate sample 26 is designed as cylinder for the ease of axis pressure and the application of country rock, prefabricated one up and down inside it
0.5~2.0mm of aperture, the prefabricated crack 27 that inclination angle is 65~90 ° is to simulate coal seam water-proof top plate initial fissure 27, in crack
It is uniformly coated with one layer of lubricating oil on the inside of sample mould, prefabricated crack steel plate is fixed, injects the similar top plate of the non-hydrophilic prepared
26 material of sample, preferably concrete, after vibration uniformly, after crack, 27 channel sample extracts prefabricated crack after reaching some strength
Steel plate, for 24 hours demoulding after initial set are placed in maintenance in water, full water, paste foil gauge 33 and embedded vibration in the side wall of top plate sample 26
The upper, middle and lower of sensor, 26 side wall of top plate sample is respectively equipped with foil gauge 33 and vibrating sensor, in same water
Foil gauge 33 and the setting of vibrating sensor interval in plane.
Water of satisfying in this fact Example, before big seepage tests is vented, and carries out full water exhaust to experiment 18 inner top panel sample 26 of tank body,
I.e. top plate sample 26 is completely immersed in water water 48 hours naturally full, and big osmotic system, which supplies water, enters experiment tank body 18 by water inlet 16
It is flowed out from water outlet 17, until water outlet 17 is not overflowing bubble, temporary close water inlet pump group 11 passes through big osmotic control device
13 control overflow valves 12 supply water according to predetermined inflow, and starting water inlet pump group 11, overflow valve 12 is passed through in the part more than inflow
After return in catch basin 10, then flow through water feeding pressure sensor 14-1 continuous collecting by separating a tributary before water inlet 16
Data supply water to be formed inside top plate specimen prefabricated crack 27 after access and flow out from water outlet 17, and water outlet flows through water outlet water
Pressure sensor 14-2 flows into first flowmeter 15-1 and second flowmeter 15-2 parallel with one another, and in the initial stage, top plate examination is seeped
Flow is larger, and the 6th shut-off valve 5-6 is opened in flow measurement at this time, closes the 7th shut-off valve 5-7, passes through 15-1 pairs of first flowmeter
Water outlet water flow is monitored, and 26 internal crack 27 of top plate sample deforms under load action in experimentation, big seepage flow
Passage sections product reduces, and seepage discharge reduces, and when flow is reduced to 5000ml/s or less, closes the 6th shut-off valve 5-6, opens the
Seven shut-off valve 5-7 continue to be monitored water outlet water flow by second flowmeter 15-2, and seepage flow water outlet finally flows back to collection
Sink 10.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the utility model, all practical at this
Within novel spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the guarantor of the utility model
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (9)
1. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load, which is characterized in that press system, confining pressure including experiment tank body, axis
System, big osmotic system, live load loading system, external frame and control system；
The top of the experiment tank body is equipped with water outlet, and the bottom for testing tank body is equipped with water inlet, tests the lower part of tank wall
Equipped with first through hole, the top for testing tank wall is equipped with the second through-hole, and that tests tank body is internally provided with top plate sample, described
Crack is equipped in top plate sample, the side wall of top plate sample is equipped with foil gauge and vibrating sensor, and the top of top plate sample is equipped with upper
The lower section of protection board, top plate sample is equipped with lower protection board, and the upper protection board and lower protection board are equipped with and the crack face
Through slot, the top of the upper protection board is equipped with upper infiltration pressure plate, and the lower section of the lower protection board is equipped with lower infiltration pressure plate,
The upper protection board and upper infiltration pressure plate are equipped with corresponding seepage flow hole, and the lower protection board and lower infiltration pressure plate are all provided with
There is corresponding seepage flow hole, the upper infiltration pressure plate and lower infiltration pressure plate are equipped with infiltration plate water diversion joint, the upper infiltration
The infiltration plate water diversion joint of saturating pressure plate is connect by metal pressure-bearing water pipe with the water outlet, the infiltration of the lower infiltration pressure plate
Saturating plate water diversion joint is connect by metal pressure-bearing water pipe with the water inlet, the upper infiltration pressure plate, upper protection board, top plate examination
The external package oil removal rubber membrane of the entirety of sample, lower protection board, lower infiltration pressure plate, foil gauge and vibrating sensor；
The axis pressure system includes upper load piston, load jack, lower load piston and pressure sensor, and the upper load is lived
The top of upper infiltration pressure plate is arranged in plug, and is held and connect by spool with the top of experiment tank body, the top of upper load piston
Equipped with load jack, the lower section of lower infiltration pressure plate is arranged in the lower load piston, and passes through with the bottom of experiment tank body
Spool holds connection, and the lower section of the lower load piston is equipped with pressure sensor；
The confining pressure system includes hydraulic oil tank, oil inlet pump group and oil return air pump, and the hydraulic oil tank passes through the first confining pressure respectively
Pipeline and the second confining pressure pipeline are connected to first through hole, and hydraulic oil tank is connected to by third confining pressure pipeline with the second through-hole, described
Oil inlet pump group and the first shut-off valve are provided on first confining pressure pipeline, the second confining pressure pipeline is equipped with the second shut-off valve, institute
Third confining pressure pipeline is stated equipped with the 5th shut-off valve and third shut-off valve, the 5th shut-off valve is positioned close to hydraulic oil tank
Side, the oil return air pump are arranged between the 5th shut-off valve and third shut-off valve, and by all around pressure pipeline enclose with third
Pressure pipeline connection, described all around pressure pipeline be equipped with the 4th shut-off valve；
The big osmotic system includes catch basin, water inlet pump group, overflow valve, water feeding pressure sensor, water outlet hydraulic pressure sensor, the
Flow meters and second flowmeter, the catch basin are connected to by the first seepage flow pipeline with water inlet, the first seepage flow pipeline
On be provided with overflow valve and water inlet pump group, the overflow valve is positioned close to the side of water inlet, and overflow valve passes through the second seepage flow
Pipeline is connected to catch basin, and water feeding pressure sensor is arranged in water inlet, and the water outlet passes through third seepage flow pipeline respectively
It is connected to the 4th seepage flow pipeline with catch basin, is provided with first flowmeter and the 6th shut-off valve, institute on the third seepage flow pipeline
It states and is provided with second flowmeter and the 7th shut-off valve on the 4th seepage flow pipeline, the third seepage flow pipeline and the 4th seepage flow pipeline lean on
The side of nearly water outlet is connect with water outlet hydraulic pressure sensor simultaneously；
The live load loading system includes dynamic load telescopic arm and track pedestal, top and the experiment tank body of the dynamic load telescopic arm
Bottom connection, the track pedestal is arranged in the lower section of dynamic load telescopic arm, and passes through multiple balls with dynamic load telescopic arm
Row's connection；
The surrounding of experiment tank body is arranged in the external frame, and the column of the external frame is with track pedestal by being set with group
Position nut connection, the column of the external frame are equipped with multiple height-regulating spirals, the side wall that spiral is turned up and tests tank body
Connection, the bottom of the external frame and track pedestal are arranged by ball and are connected；
The control system includes confining pressure controller, axis pressure controller, big osmotic control device, live load set controller and data acquisition
Device, the confining pressure controller are connect with oil inlet pump group, and the axis pressure controller is connect with load jack, the big osmotic control
Device is connect with overflow valve, and the live load set controller is connect with dynamic load telescopic arm, the data collector respectively with foil gauge
It is connected with vibrating sensor.
2. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the top plate sample
For cylindrical structure, a diameter of 30~45cm, a height of 10~15cm, the aperture in the crack is 0.5~2.0mm, crack with
The angle of horizontal direction is 65~90 °.
3. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the foil gauge and
Vibrating sensor is provided at circumferentially spaced along top plate sample side wall same level height, the top of the top plate sample side wall, in
Portion and lower part are respectively equipped with foil gauge and vibrating sensor.
4. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the upper protection board
It is made with lower protection board of plasticity water proof material, the through slot is identical as fracture opening, depth 2.0mm.
5. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the experiment tank body
Bottom be equipped with data string hole, the foil gauge and vibrating sensor connect with data collector by data line, the number
Data string hole is passed through according to line.
6. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the track pedestal
The centre at top is equipped with groove one, and dynamic load telescopic arm bottom is equipped with protrusion corresponding with the groove one of track pedestal, institute
The ball row that projects through of the groove one and dynamic load telescopic arm bottom of stating track pedestal connects, four at the top of the track pedestal
It is equipped with groove two week, the groove two, which is arranged with dynamic load telescopic arm bottom by ball, to be connected, and the side of the track pedestal is set
Fluted three, connection is arranged by ball in the groove three and the bottom of external frame.
7. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first flow
Meter and second flowmeter are arranged at close to the side of catch basin, and the range of first flowmeter is 1000ml/s~20000ml/s,
The range of second flowmeter is 0.5ml/s~5000ml/s.
8. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the upper infiltration adds
The top of pressing plate is equipped with upper pressure plate groove corresponding with upper load piston, and the bottom of the lower infiltration pressure plate is equipped with to be added with lower
Carry the corresponding lower pressure plate groove of piston.
9. top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of dynamic load according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the experiment tank body
Side wall and test the bottom of tank body and be connected by a snap, the outside of the buckle is equipped with buckle lantern ring.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920154344.6U CN209460106U (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | Top board seepage experimental rig under the influence of a kind of dynamic load |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111024589A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-17 | 李小强 | Building waterproof material detection device based on high-pressure magnetization principle |
| CN111208047A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Test method capable of simulating permeability of fractured rock mass under complex disturbance condition |
-
2019
- 2019-01-29 CN CN201920154344.6U patent/CN209460106U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111024589A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-17 | 李小强 | Building waterproof material detection device based on high-pressure magnetization principle |
| CN111024589B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2023-09-26 | 西安湄南生物科技股份有限公司 | Detection device for building waterproof material based on high-voltage magnetization principle |
| CN111208047A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Test method capable of simulating permeability of fractured rock mass under complex disturbance condition |
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