CN209381385U - FDM3D printer extruder assembly with friction-driven - Google Patents

Abstract

FDM3D printer extruder assembly with friction-driven belongs to machinery field.It includes feeding mechanism, material passing passage and radiator (Teflon casing can be inserted), thermal insulating connectors, heating rod, temperature sensor, nozzle, calandria that it, which is constructed,；And feeding mechanism includes: feeding motor, gear, pinch roller, spring, pinch roller support, active friction disk and driven friction disk.Installation relation: the shaft and active friction disk and rigid connection of feeding motor drive the active friction disk to rotate, and driven friction disk and gear are rigidly connected, and the torque of feeding motor is to rub that driven friction disk is driven to carry out torque transmission by active friction disk；Gear with feeding motor is coaxial, pinch roller is fixedly mounted in pinch roller support, pinch roller support is constrained by a fixed rotating shaft parallel with feeding motor axis, the elastic force of spring pushes the pinch roller pressed toward gear in pinch roller support, so that the material silk being sandwiched between pinch roller and gear is clamped；It is widely used in FDM3D printer.

Description

FDM3D printer extruder assembly with friction-driven

[fields]

The invention belongs to field of mechanical technique；It is specifically a kind of on FDM-3D printer, completes fused materials Or the mechanical component that colloid squeezes out.

[background technique]

3D printing technique the most mature a kind of at present are as follows: fused glass pellet (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) technology；The moulding process is the method --- ----by various silk materials heating fusing and then successively accumulation molding Abbreviation FDM technology.Moulding material is mostly Filamentous wire rod, such as modified paraffin, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene, copolymer (ABS), the thermoplastic materials such as nylon, PC, rubber；And multiphase mixing material, such as metal powder, ceramic powders, staple fiber With the mixture of thermoplastic material；Wherein PLA (polylactic acid) has lower shrinking percentage, and printer model is easier moulding, and The advantages that biodegradable, is widely used.

FDM-3D printer essential structure are as follows:

Mechanical structure specifically includes that extruder assembly, the dimension of carry out 1 for delivering extruder assembly component or 2 dimensions or 3 maintenance and operations are dynamic Mechanical microscope carrier, (1 dimension or 2 dimensions can be carried out or 3 maintenance and operations are dynamic) print job platform for carrying printing shaping object, supply Charging tray, feeding conduit, feeding mechanism, material silk, radiator fan, electronic control system, operation panel, structure housing etc..

Actually the motion structure part of FDM-3D printer to build mode more, but for summarizing, mechanical microscope carrier with Print job platform altogether there are 3 freedom degrees just, when mechanical microscope carrier have 1 freedom degree print job platform just have 2 from By spending；When there are mechanical microscope carrier 2 freedom degree print job platforms just to have 1 freedom degree；When mechanical microscope carrier has 3 freedom Degree print job platform just has 0 freedom degree (under stationary state)；Vice versa).Mechanical microscope carrier and print job platform obtain machine The structure of tool freedom of motion are as follows: (X, the Y-axis) 2 of 3 shaft mechanical arm displacement systems, belt or lead screw driving ties up machine driving+(Z Axis) lifting print job platform system, vertical 3 lead screw driving (be commonly called as: 3 vertical slide-bars --- connecting rod connection 3 horizontal hinge shafts machine Tool microscope carrier mode) couple the drive system displacement for squeezing out machine platform using connecting rod, mechanical guide etc. also keeps above-mentioned component Structure housing etc..

The details of FDM-3D printer arrangement important component illustrates are as follows:

Extruder assembly is the core component of 3D printer, including wire feeder (contains: feeding motor, pusher gear, pressure Wheel, spring, pinch roller support etc.), trunnion, trunnion radiator, heat block, heating rod, temperature sensor, nozzle etc., majority uses Heating rod heats aluminium block, and plastic wire is sent by wire feeder to the arrival end of trunnion, then is oriented to by trunnion, is reached Aluminium block, which heats, enters nozzle area after the fusing of position, plastic wire after thawing under the action of subsequent (piston) pressure into silk from Spout squeezes out, and is extruded on stamp pad, and the trunnion in extruder assembly is made of stainless steel, be in order to reduce its heating conduction, Stainless steel trunnion is also lined with Teflon inside some, since the total growth stage heating printing of extruder causes to shout pipe internal temperature liter Height causes material in pipe to be also at molten condition, and after stopping printing cooling, material just coheres in pipe, turns back on next time and beats Material is sticked together when print, in pipe to be melted at once, so that trunnion blocking phenomenon is occurred, served as a contrast Teflon inside trunnion, make to expect all in trunnion It will not melt and stick together, plug problem can be substantially improved.Author radiation fin and fan outside extruder assembly simultaneously, it is main to be also In order to reduce the temperature on trunnion top, plug problem is prevented, or the heat dissipation of extruder assembly.Plastic wire after heating fusing It is extruded on stamp pad by nozzle, if the bad phenomenons such as alice and contraction occur in order to reduce plastics due to temperature die-offs, if The bad phenomenons such as alice and contraction occur in order to reduce plastics because temperature die-offs, hott bed stamp pad can be used.Positioned at extrusion The nozzle diameter of machine assembly bottom spray head is common, and there are four types of types: 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, in the market using most Wide is the spout of 0.4mm, after having selected nozzle diameter, also to set corresponding parameter in software in printing, such as be sliced Printable layer height, print speed in software etc. keep the quality of printing and precision higher.

Compared with single injector, twin-jet nozzle uses two extruder assembly arranged in parallel, and faster efficiency is also more for print speed Height, since its quality is bigger, the inertia that when operation generates is bigger, also higher to the rigidity requirement of guide rail., printing can be reduced in this way Precision.Single injector compares, and twin-jet nozzle uses two extruder assembly arranged in parallel, and relative position is fixed, due to having Two spray heads, twin-jet nozzle are mounted on sliding block, are connect by sliding block with guide rail, and the nozzle positioned at extruder assembly bottom spray head is straight Diameter is there are four types of type: 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, in the market it is most widely used be 0.4mm nozzle, certain basis Actual needs can buy the nozzle of different-diameter, be worth after proposing it is noted that having selected nozzle diameter here, also to beat Corresponding parameter is set when print in software, such as the printable layer in Slice Software is high, print speed, makes the quality and essence of printing Du Genggao.

Wire feeder is exactly mounted on close on nozzle location by proximal end wire feed, and material is driven by motor direct geared and squeezes into Trunnion melts in aluminium block and sprays printing by spout.This mounting means is since extruder assembly quality is big, inertia when printing Greatly, it is easy to keep printing inaccurate, it is also relatively high using rigidity requirement of the proximal end wire feed to guide rail.And distal end wire feeder is will to squeeze Machine assembly is mounted on from extruder assembly compared with distant positions, the extremely relevant pusher gear of feeding motor, pinch roller, spring, pinch roller out Bracket etc., is generally mounted on printer frame, then by feeding conduit material conveying silk；Rather than with nozzle integrative installation technology, Compared with the wire feed of proximal end, distal end wire feed is slow, and needs larger Motor torque, strong could squeeze into material in trunnion.

The technological deficiency of extruder assembly has 3 aspects at present: being the thermal balance contradiction of trunnion first, the effect of trunnion is It ensures that material silk does not melt before the high-temperature area for entering nozzle, needs to radiate to it, usually additional trunnion cooling fin and wind Fan, in order to make as the few as possible incoming trunnion of heat for heating aluminium body, thus the cast iron for often selecting the capacity of heat transmission poor is (or not Become rusty steel) material, this and cooling requirements contradiction again；The heat transfer of followed by the heating aluminium body and trunnion of metal is still powerful, expects silk Front end trunnion spot temperature is still very high, causes to expect that silk is premature melting；It is thirdly exactly that motor-driven gear directly squeezes into trunnion When, since the material spray speed of charging rate and nozzle has unpredictable uncoordinated situation, when the rate of material silk feeding is greater than The speed that nozzle sprays, material have surplus in melt chamber and retain, and will generate destructive sliding between gear and material silk, soft Property material silk be often pierced by from gap, feeding interrupt.Cause extruder to material silk poor compatibility, to material silk hardness requirement compared with Height, soft material is not easy to squeeze out and pumpback/starting response is slow.

FDM-3D printer circuitry part includes: that circuit part includes: the electronic control system for supporting mechanical system motion 3D printer circuit part role in printer is that control whole printing process is coordinated, orderly, completely run.FDM A kind of typical circuit part of type 3D printer mainly includes 2560 master control borad of Arduino mega, Ramps 1.4 expand plate with And stepper motor driving plate.Below to their basic parameter and effect, make following introduce.2560 master control of Arduino Mega The microcontroller of 2560 master control borad of plate Arduino Mega is atmega2560, and operating voltage 5V, digital I/O pin is 54 A, simulation input pin is 16, and the DC current of each I/O pin is 50 milliamperes, and master control borad is the brain of 3D printer, It is responsible for the entire printer of control to complete specifically to act, such as prints specific file.The spy of A4988 stepper motor driving plate Point is that it only has simple stepping and direction controlling interface, there is 5 different step modes: complete, half, 1/4,1/8 and 1/16, Adjustable potentiometer adjustable maximum current output, to obtain higher step rate, have overheat close circuit, under-voltage locking, The function and earthing short circuit protection of crossover current protection and the effect of load short-circuit protection.Driving plate is patched by pin It expands in plate on corresponding interface.

Software section citing: front author is it is known that 3D printer software section includes upper computer software and slave computer Software two large divisions, and there is subdivision in every part, by the operation of software, author is just able to achieve master control borad and sets to print parameters It sets and controls.The process of all software entire runs of one 3D printer is as follows: firstly, author needs three-dimensional on computers to build The modeling of part, such as Solidworks, UG, 3D Max three-dimensional software are completed in mould software, having created 3D model later will be literary Part saves as STL format, and stl file is opened in Slice Software Slic3r, by a series of setting of printing, is sliced Code is generated, is opened code on another upper computer software Pronterface, and connect mainboard, the slave computer on mainboard is soft Part is Marlin firmware, carries out parameter setting in advance before operation, after successful connection, the LED light on mainboard can flash, wait beat Heating tube heats on print machine, and temperature starts to print after rising to set temperature.Lower mask body introduces the software section of printer. Slave computer software Marlin firmware is free software, can be used directly to do software development, and author uses in 3D printer When Marlin firmware, it is only necessary to download firmware in Arduino IDE software, find in Marlin firmware Configuration.h file, can modify relevant code content according to their own needs, and the printer that author develops needs Make following modification.

FDM-3D printer operation logic are as follows:

Working condition is as follows: under the control of electronic system, according to the section profile information of product parts, extruder assembly Make X-Y plane movement, print job platform adjustment height, table plane is located at hot melt spray head nozzle exit area, heat when printing starts Plastics filamentary material is sent by silk supplying machine structure to hot melt spray head, and heats and be fused into semi liquid state in the showerhead, is then squeezed out Come, selectively coating on the table, forms the sheet profiles of one layer of about 0.1-8mm thickness after rapid cooling.At one layer Section molding completes aftertable and declines certain altitude, then carries out next layer of cladding, as " drawing " section and wheel from level to level Exterior feature so recycles, ultimately forms three-dimensional objects part.Backing material (backing material one is often laid with using 1 dedicated spout As be it is water-soluble, after printing washing remove)；In print procedure, the displacement and cooperation of extruder assembly in the plane Print job platform upper and lower displacement will form a three-dimensional space, extruder assembly and print job platform and be carried out according to the path of generation Printing, after extruder assembly completes the print out task in a plane, print job platform declines one layer automatically, extruder assembly after Continuous printing, moves in circles up to the completion of finished product.Or without using the printing object platform lifting of Z axis motor driven, print object Platform keeps Z-direction static, is moved up and down using Z axis motor driven extruder assembly；Or it is driven using 3 down-feed screws 3 sliding blocks vertically moved, 3 sliding blocks all carry out hinged shaft with extruder assembly and link, and pass through the algorithm (Z-direction of 3 sliding blocks Position coordinates determine 3 dimension space positions of extruder assembly) and equally achieve the purpose that three-D displacement and address.Nozzle temperature Higher, according to the difference of material and the difference of modelling temperature, the temperature of nozzle is relatively also different.Printed matter in order to prevent The appearance print job platform of the problems such as body alice generally heats, and covers adhesive paper generally on print job platform in order to be printed as The removing of product.

[summary of the invention]

The object of the invention:

To solve 3D printing extruder assembly to many extrusion Difficult factors of soft material silk；Such as: the cooling deficiency of trunnion, It is easily damaged and overflows material silk, rewinding responds the disadvantages of slow.

Specifically: the technological deficiency of extruder assembly has 3 aspects at present: being the thermal balance contradiction of trunnion, trunnion first Effect be ensure material silk enter nozzle high-temperature area before do not melt, need to radiate to it, usually additional trunnion dissipate Backing and fan for the incoming trunnion for keeping the heat for heating aluminium body as few as possible, thus often select the capacity of heat transmission poor Cast iron (or stainless steel) material, this and cooling requirements contradiction again；The heat transfer of followed by the heating aluminium body and trunnion of metal is still strong Greatly, expect that the front end trunnion spot temperature of silk is still very high, cause to expect that silk is premature melting；It is thirdly exactly that motor-driven gear is direct When squeezing into trunnion, since the material spray speed of charging rate and nozzle has unpredictable uncoordinated situation, when material silk feeding Rate is greater than the speed that nozzle sprays, and material has surplus in melt chamber and retains, and will generate between gear and material silk destructive Sliding, soft material silk is often pierced by from gap, and feeding is interrupted.Cause extruder to the poor compatibility of material silk, to material silk Hardness requirement is higher, and soft material is not easy to squeeze out and pumpback/starting response is slow.

Mechanical microscope carrier and print job platform under the Constraints driven of X, Y and Z axis guide rail and motor,

Feature of the present invention:

It is simple structure, reliable for operation；Using friction-driven gear, heat guard is heat-insulated and heat dissipation and trunnion integrated 3 Design feature, so that rewinding is rapid, response is linear, only expects fast and wider to the adaptability of material silk.

Key problem in technology are as follows:

The electronics that FDM3D printer construction with friction-driven specifically includes that structure housing, supports mechanical system motion Control system, all or part of component for delivering extruder assembly carry out 1 dimension or 2 dimensions (the X-axis Y-axis of horizontal direction) or 3 dimension (water Square to X-axis Y-axis and plus the Z axis of vertical direction) movement mechanical microscope carrier and carry printing shaping object print job Platform；The construction of extruder assembly with friction-driven: (Teflon can be inserted including feeding mechanism, material passing passage and radiator The actor playing a supporting role pipe), thermal insulating connectors, heating rod, temperature sensor, nozzle, heating aluminium body；And feeding mechanism includes: feeding motor, tooth Wheel, pinch roller, spring, pinch roller support, active friction disk and driven friction disk.Installation relation: the shaft of feeding motor is rubbed with active Disk and rigid connection are wiped, the active friction disk is driven to rotate, driven friction disk and gear are rigidly connected, and the torque of feeding motor is Being rubbed by active friction disk drives driven friction disk to carry out torque transmission；Gear and feeding motor are coaxial, pinch roller is fixedly mounted In pinch roller support, pinch roller support constrained by a fixed rotating shaft parallel with feeding motor axis, the elastic force of spring pushes pinch roller Pinch roller pressed toward gear on bracket, so that the material silk being sandwiched between pinch roller and gear is clamped.

Long-range feed mode: including: feeding motor, gear, pinch roller, spring, pinch roller support, active friction by feeding mechanism Disk and driven friction disk and material passing passage and radiator (Teflon casing can be inserted), thermal insulating connectors, heating rod, temperature biography Sensor, nozzle, heating aluminium body are separately installed；Feeding mechanism is mounted on printer arrangement shell, and by material passing passage and is dissipated Hot body (Teflon casing can be inserted), thermal insulating connectors, heating rod, temperature sensor, nozzle, heating aluminium body are mounted on machinery On microscope carrier.

Material passing passage and radiator are installed on space between heating aluminium body and gear, are made using metal (especially aluminium) Make；Thermal insulating connectors are connected between material passing passage and radiator and heating aluminium body, have heat-blocking action.

The groundwork process of the extruder assembly are as follows: plastic wire is sent to material passing passage and dissipated by above-mentioned wire feeder The arrival end of hot body, then be oriented to by material passing passage and radiator, to metal (aluminium or copper) structure after being powered due to heating rod Body heating enters nozzle area after reaching aluminium block heating position fusing, and the plastic wire after thawing is in subsequent (piston) into silk It is squeezed out under the action of pressure from spout.

Installation relation and working principle: the shaft of feeding motor is rigidly connected with active friction disk, the shaft of motor With regard to driving the active friction disk to rotate, active friction disk just drives and the rigidly connected driven friction disk of gear, then feeding electricity The torque of machine is that (different moment of frictions can lead to by active friction disk friction drive driven friction disk progress torque transmitting The axial compressive force crossed between adjustment active friction disk and driven friction disk adjusts, especially by the baffle for changing motor shaft ends Axial position changes the axial compressive force between 2 to control the decrement for the elastic piece being pressed in)；Gear is same with feeding motor Axis installation, pinch roller (being the pulley of a fixed-axis rotation) are fixedly mounted in pinch roller support, and pinch roller support is by one and feeding electricity The parallel fixed rotating shaft of arbor constrains, and plays the role of lever in the elastic force promotion pinch roller support of spring and pinch roller is pushed to press to tooth Wheel, support shaft play the role of rotation axis, and the thrust of spring to be sandwiched in the material silk between pinch roller and gear and is clamped.Expect silk It is pushed into material passing passage and heat dissipation body opening, is then passed through thermal insulating connectors and enters in heating aluminium body, heating rod, temperature sensor point Aluminium body and sensing temperature Yong Yu not be heated, extruded material is discharged by spray head spout.

It needs to be discussed in detail: the movement dimension feature of the print job platform of mechanical microscope carrier and carrying printing shaping object Be: the workbench, which can be to remain stationary, moves that 2 maintenance and operations are dynamic or 3 maintenance and operations are dynamic along 1 maintenance and operation of Z axis lifting；It is practical On, mechanical microscope carrier and print job platform have 3 freedom degrees just altogether, when mechanical microscope carrier has 1 freedom degree print job Platform just has 2 freedom degrees；When there are mechanical microscope carrier 2 freedom degree print job platforms just to have 1 freedom degree；When machinery carries There are platform 3 freedom degree print job platforms just to have 0 freedom degree (under stationary state)；Vice versa).Mechanical microscope carrier and printing The structure of workbench acquisition mechanical movement freedom degree are as follows: (X, the Y-axis) 2 of 3 shaft mechanical arm displacement systems, belt or lead screw driving Dimension machine driving+(Z axis) lifting print job platform system, vertical 3 lead screw driving (be commonly called as:Mode) using connecting rod couple squeeze The drive system displacement of machine platform out, mechanical guide etc. also keep the structure housing etc. of above-mentioned component.

FDM-3D printer operation logic with friction-driven is as conventional types, and working condition is as follows: in electronics Under the control of system, according to the section profile information of product parts, extruder assembly makees X-Y plane movement, print job platform tune Whole height, printing start when table plane be located at hot melt spray head nozzle exit area, thermoplasticity filamentary material by silk supplying machine structure send to Spray head is heated, and heats and be fused into semi liquid state in the showerhead, then is extruded out, is selectively coated in workbench On, the sheet profiles of one layer of about 0.1-8mm thickness are formed after rapid cooling.It is opposite that completion aftertable is formed in a layer cross section Decline certain altitude, then carry out next layer of cladding, as " drawing " section and profile from level to level, so recycles, ultimately form Three-dimensional objects part.The carry out 1 for delivering extruder assembly is tieed up or 2 tie up (the X-axis Y-axis of horizontal direction) or the 3 dimension (X of horizontal direction Axis Y-axis and Z axis plus vertical direction) movement mechanical microscope carrier, carry print job platform (workbench of printing shaping object It can be to remain stationary and move that 2 maintenance and operations are dynamic or 3 maintenance and operations are dynamic along 1 maintenance and operation of Z axis lifting；In fact, mechanical microscope carrier There are 3 freedom degrees just altogether with print job platform, when there is mechanical microscope carrier 1 freedom degree print job platform just to have 2 Freedom degree；When there are mechanical microscope carrier 2 freedom degree print job platforms just to have 1 freedom degree；When mechanical microscope carrier has 3 freedom Degree print job platform just has 0 freedom degree (under stationary state)；Vice versa).Mechanical microscope carrier and print job platform obtain machine The structure of tool freedom of motion are as follows: (X, the Y-axis) 2 of 3 shaft mechanical arm displacement systems, belt or lead screw driving ties up machine driving+(Z Axis) lifting print job platform system, vertical 3 lead screw driving (be commonly called as:Mode) using connecting rod couple squeeze out machine platform displacement Drive system, mechanical guide etc. also keep the structure housing etc. of above-mentioned component.

Further, pinch roller support is that the rotation axis of pinch roller is either directly inserted on electric machine support by an independent rack Preformed hole in.

Further, electric machine support is seperated or integrated with material passing passage and radiator.

Further, the outer rim position of pinch roller is metal or rubber material.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

For FDM-3D printer, print speed will be accelerated, and precision is greatly improved again.

Concretely, 3 aspect technological deficiencies of current extruder assembly are solved: being added first using strong heat radiating metal Work material passing passage and radiator do not use independence, ensure that material silk does not melt before the high-temperature area for entering nozzle, followed by In the insertion heat insulator of the heating aluminium body and material passing passage (and trunnion) of metal, material silk temperature will further decrease；Thirdly It is that motor friction-driven overcomes charging rate and the material spray speed of nozzle to have unpredictable uncoordinated situation, causes extruder It is not high to the hardness requirement of material silk so that feeding is unlikely to interrupt to the poor compatibility of material silk, soft material is readily extruded and pumpback/ Starting response is fast.

[Detailed description of the invention]

Fig. 1 FDM-3D printer essential structure

Fig. 2 has the FDM3D printer extruder assembly structure schematic diagram of friction-driven.

The perspective view of the explosion of Fig. 3 Fig. 2 extruder assembly structure.

The diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 4 Fig. 2 extruder assembly structure.

Label declaration:

(1) expect silk

(2) supply disk

(3) mechanical microscope carrier

(4) print job platform

(5) structure housing

(6) feeding conduit

(7) trunnion, heating aluminium body and spray head

(8) feeding mechanism

(9) X-direction sliding block

(10) Y-direction sliding block

(11) Z axis lead screw

(12) heating rod

(13) aluminium body is heated

(14) pinch roller and bracket

(15) feeding motor

(16) material passing passage and radiator

(17) temperature sensor

(18) active friction disk

(19) driven friction disk and gear

(20) spring

(21) extruded material

(22) electric machine support

(23) thermal insulating connectors

(24) nozzle

(25) support shaft

[implementing illustration]

Below in conjunction with attached drawing, with regard to preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described:

As shown in Figure 1:

FDM-3D printer mechanical structure specifically includes that extruder assembly (includes: the feeder being fixed in structure housing Structure (8)；It is made of feeding motor, driving gear, pinch roller, spring, pinch roller support etc.；It again include that the other end is fixed on mechanical microscope carrier (3) feeding conduit (6), trunnion, heating aluminium body and spray head (7) on)；Mechanical microscope carrier (3) delivery trunnion, heating aluminium body and spray head (7) carry out 2 dimension (horizontal X axis Y-axis) movement, supply disk (2) and for discharging silk (1) enter extruder assembly；Carrying is printed as The print job platform of type object can make the dynamic mechanical device of 1 maintenance and operation along Z axis (vertical direction lifting) and (be driven by motor and lead screw It is dynamic, in addition vertical guide rail constrains), it further include the electric components such as electronics board, display screen, operation panel；Above-mentioned component is all protected It holds inside structure housing and on surface.

Further emphasize: the printer is the Typical Disposition of tradition FDM-3D printer；The extruder assembly part is one The long-range feeding device of kind；The extruder assembly of the main long-range feeding including partial installation: wherein feeding mechanism (8) is by feeding electricity Machine drives gear operation, and other accessories: pinch roller, spring, pinch roller support etc. are installed in wherein；And long-range feeding device Another seperated part includes feeding conduit (6) trunnion, heating aluminium body and spray head (7), is installed on mechanical microscope carrier (3).Fortune Row principle is introduced identical with front [background technique] part.It (9) is X-direction sliding block, (10) are Y-direction sliding block, and (11) are Z Axial filament thick stick.

It is as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4:

The construction of extruder assembly with friction-driven: (can including feeding mechanism, material passing passage and radiator (16) To be inserted into Teflon casing), thermal insulating connectors (23), heating rod (12), temperature sensor (17), nozzle (24), heating aluminium body (13)；And feeding mechanism includes: feeding motor (15), gear, pinch roller and bracket (14), spring (20), active friction disk (18), driven friction disk and gear (19).Installation relation and working principle: the shaft and active friction disk of feeding motor carry out rigid Property connection, the shaft of motor just drive the active friction disk rotate, active friction disk just drive with gear it is rigidly connected passively Frictional disk, then the torque of feeding motor is to rub that driven friction disk is driven to carry out torque transmitting by active friction disk；Gear It is co-axially mounted with feeding motor, pinch roller (being the pulley of a fixed-axis rotation) is fixedly mounted in pinch roller support, pinch roller support quilt A piece fixed rotating shaft constraint parallel with feeding motor axis, the elastic force of spring, which pushes, plays the role of lever promotion in pinch roller support Pinch roller pressed toward gear, support shaft (25) play the role of rotation axis, and the thrust of spring to be sandwiched between pinch roller and gear Expect that silk is clamped.Material silk is pushed into material passing passage and heat dissipation body opening, is then passed through thermal insulating connectors and is entered in heating aluminium body (13), Heating rod (12), temperature sensor (17) are respectively used to heating aluminium body and sensing temperature, extruded material (21) are arranged by spray head spout Out.

Electric machine support (22) is for fixing material passing passage and radiator and pinch roller and bracket (14), material passing passage and radiator It is installed on space between heating aluminium body and gear, is made using metal (especially aluminium)；It is logical that thermal insulating connectors are connected to punishment in advance Between road and radiator and heating aluminium body, there is heat-blocking action.

The groundwork process of the extruder assembly are as follows: plastic wire is sent to material passing passage and dissipated by above-mentioned wire feeder The arrival end of hot body, then be oriented to by material passing passage and radiator, to metal (aluminium or copper) structure after being powered due to heating rod Body heating enters nozzle area after reaching aluminium block heating position fusing, and the plastic wire after thawing is in subsequent (piston) into silk It is squeezed out under the action of pressure from nozzle (24).It (21) is extruded material.

Radiator fan is to select part, can be radiated to material passing passage and radiator, in material passing passage and heat dissipation body opening It is interior that Teflon casing or coating can be added.

Can be clearly seen from figure: different moment of frictions can by adjusting active friction disk and driven friction disk it Between axial compressive force adjust, to control the elastic piece being pressed in (can especially by the baffle axial position for changing motor shaft ends To be spring or elastomeric objects) decrement change the axial compressive force between 2.

Claims (4)

1. having the FDM3D printer extruder assembly of friction-driven, construction includes: feeding mechanism, electric machine support, punishment in advance Channel and radiator, thermal insulating connectors, heating rod, temperature sensor, nozzle, heating aluminium body；And feeding mechanism includes: feeding electricity Machine, gear, pinch roller, spring, pinch roller support, active friction disk and driven friction disk；Its feature is that the shaft of feeding motor With active friction disk and rigid connection, the active friction disk is driven to rotate, driven friction disk and gear are rigidly connected, feeding motor Torque be by active friction disk rub drive driven friction disk carry out torque transmission；Gear and feeding motor be coaxial, pinch roller Be fixedly mounted in pinch roller support, pinch roller support is constrained by a fixed rotating shaft parallel with feeding motor axis, pinch roller is one The pulley of fixed-axis rotation, is fixedly mounted on fixed-axis rotation in pinch roller support, and the elastic force of spring pushes the pinch roller pressure in pinch roller support To gear, so that the material silk being sandwiched between pinch roller and gear is clamped and pushes；The long-range feed mounting means of selection: being by feeding Mechanism is mounted on printer arrangement shell, and the material passing passage being mounted on mechanical microscope carrier is pushed in turn by feeding conduit in material silk And radiator, thermal insulating connectors, heating aluminium body and nozzle cavity sprayed under the action of the subsequent pressure into silk；And it selects Short range is fed mounting means: being to be mounted on feeding mechanism to be directly pushed in turn on mechanical microscope carrier to be also mounted on mechanical microscope carrier Material passing passage and radiator, thermal insulating connectors, heating aluminium body, then sprayed by the cavity spout of nozzle；Heating rod, temperature sensor For heating aluminium body and temperature control；Thermal insulating connectors are connected between material passing passage and radiator and heating aluminium body, have heat-insulated work With.

2. the extruder assembly of the FDM3D printer with friction-driven according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute Stating pinch roller support is in an independent rack or the preformed hole that the rotation axis of pinch roller is directly inserted on electric machine support.

3. the extruder assembly of the FDM3D printer with friction-driven according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute It is seperated or integrated that electric machine support, which is stated, with material passing passage and radiator.

4. the extruder assembly of the FDM3D printer with friction-driven according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute The outer rim position for stating pinch roller is metal or rubber material.