CN207256878U - FDM 3D printers with the vaporization of laser beam profile - Google Patents

Abstract

FDM 3D printers with the vaporization of laser beam profile, belong to machinery field；System includes:Support electronic control system, the feed mechanism of mechanical system motion, deliver the mechanical microscope carrier of extruder assembly horizontal movement, also keep the structure housing of above-mentioned movement structure；Mechanical microscope carrier X guide rails (10), Y guide rail (11) constraint under, and X-axis motor (13), (14) y-axis motor driving under, carry extruder assembly make plane motion；Laser module is directly installed on delivery extruder assembly horizontal movement same or a mechanical microscope carrier by one's own efforts；The installation of laser is divided into:3 axis, 4 axis and 5 axis driving installation situation are that the touching for (turning) block (23) with the spacing cunning of activity by rotary disk limitation protrusion construction (25) constrains limitation; its slewing area is set to be more than 360 degree; gas blowout mouth (20) is protected to spray the oxidation resistant protective gas such as inertia; it is poroid in hood (21); play the role of light bar, help to obtain more smooth and more accurately print member.

Description

FDM 3D printers with the vaporization of laser beam profile

[technical field]

The invention belongs to field of mechanical technique；It is specifically to utilize laser beam heats vaporization FDM-3D printing shaping objects Profile border, come the precision and surface smoothness of the laying of shaping article completed.

[background technology]

Fused glass pellet (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) quick shaping process is by various silk materials (such as engineering plastics ABS, polycarbonate) heating fusing and then successively accumulation molding method, abbreviation FDM.Most of FDM is fast The fast adoptable moulding material of forming technique is very much, such as modified paraffin, (acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene) copolymer (ABS), the thermoplastic such as nylon, rubber, and multiphase mixing material, such as metal dust, ceramic powders, staple fiber and heat The mixture of plastic material.Wherein PLA (polylactic acid) has relatively low shrinking percentage, and printer model is easily moulding, and can give birth to The advantages that thing is degraded.

The essential structure of FDM-3D printers is expressed as with operation logic：

Main to include feed mechanism, (horizontal X axis Y-axis is moved and vertical Z axis drives for 2 dimensions or 3-dimensional of delivery extruder assembly It is dynamic) the mechanical microscope carrier of movement, or (Z-direction) vertical direction remains stationary of extruder assembly, by the movement of Z-direction by one The lifting of a independent platform is completed；The 3-dimensional mechanical system point of the driving extruder addressing of FDM-3D printers at present For：(X, the Y-axis) 2 of mechanical arm 3-dimensional displacement system, belt or leading screw driving ties up machine driving+(Z axis) Lifting carrying workbench system System, the driving of vertical 3 leading screw (are commonly called as：Ru mode) the drive system displacement etc. for using connecting rod connection extrusion machine platform.Also protect Hold structure housing of above-mentioned movement structure etc.；Also support electronic control system of mechanical system motion etc..

Working condition is as follows：Under the control of electronic system, according to the section profile information of product parts, extruder assembly Make X-Y plane movement, platform adjustment height, table plane is positioned at hot melt nozzle nozzle exit area, heat when printing starts Plastics filamentary material is sent to hot melt nozzle by silk supplying machine structure, and heats and be fused into semi liquid state in the showerhead, is then squeezed out Come, selectively coating on the table, forms the sheet profiles of one layer of about 0.1-8mm thickness after quick cooling.At one layer Section shaping completes aftertable and declines certain altitude, then carries out next layer of cladding, as " drawing " section and wheel from level to level Exterior feature, so circulation, ultimately form three-dimensional objects part.Often backing material (backing material one is laid with using 1 special spout As be water miscible, after printing washing remove)；In print procedure, the displacement and cooperation printing of printhead in the plane Platform upper and lower displacement can form a three dimensions, and printhead and print platform are printed according to the path of generation, printhead Complete a plane on print out task after, print platform declines one layer automatically, and printhead continues to print, move in circles until into The completion of product.Or printing object lifting platform is driven without using Z axis motor, printing object platform keeps Z-direction static, makes Moved up and down with Z axis motor driving extruder assembly；Or drive 3 sliding blocks vertically moved using 3 down-feed screws, 3 Sliding block all carries out hinge shaft with extruder assembly and links, and by algorithm, (position coordinates of the Z-direction of 3 sliding blocks determines to extrude The 3-dimensional locus of machine assembly) and equally achieve the purpose that three-D displacement and address.Printhead temperature is higher, according to material not Same and modelling temperature difference, the temperature of printhead are relatively also different.In order to prevent the problems such as printing objects alice There is print platform generally to heat, general covering adhesive paper is in order to the stripping of printout on print platform.

Its CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION is illustrated as：

Extruder assembly is that the component of the core of FDM rapid shaping techniques is extruder assembly, and the structure of extruder assembly Part is：Component, the majorities such as trunnion, heating aluminium body, heating rod and temperature sensor heat aluminium block using heating rod, will mould Material silk is squeezed into by the arrival end of trunnion, then is oriented to by trunnion, is entered nozzle area after reaching aluminium block heating position fusing, is melted Plastic wire after change is extruded under the action of subsequently (piston) pressure into silk from spout, and is extruded on stamp pad, and extruder is total Trunnion in is to reduce its heat conductivility by stainless steel making, and stainless steel trunnion is also lined with Teflon inside some, by Cause to shout the rise of pipe internal temperature in the total growth stage heating printing of extruder, cause material in pipe to be also at molten condition, work as stopping After printing cooling, material is just cohered in pipe, and material is sticked together when next time turns back on printing, in pipe to be melted at once, make trunnion There is plugging phenomenon, Teflon is served as a contrast inside trunnion, material in trunnion is sticked together all without melting, plug problem can be substantially improved.Together When author radiation fin and fan outside extruder assembly, mainly also for the temperature for reducing trunnion top, prevent plug from asking Topic, or extruder assembly radiates.Plastic wire after heating fusing is extruded on stamp pad by nozzle, if in order to reduce modeling Material because temperature die-offs occur alice and shrink etc. bad phenomenon, if in order to reduce plastics because temperature die-offs occur alice and The bad phenomenons such as contraction, can use hott bed stamp pad.Have four positioned at the nozzle diameter of extruder assembly bottom nozzle is common Type：0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, in the market it is most widely used be 0.4mm spout, select good nozzle diameter Afterwards, also corresponding parameter is set in software, printing floor height, print speed in such as Slice Software, make to beat in printing The quality and precision higher of print.

Compared with single crowded head, double crowded heads use two extruder assembly arranged in parallel, and faster efficiency is also more for print speed Height, due to its quality bigger, inertia bigger caused by operation, to the rigidity requirement of guide rail also higher, can so reduce printing Precision.Single crowded head compares, and double crowded heads use two extruder assembly arranged in parallel, and relative position is fixed, due to having Two nozzles, double crowded heads are installed on sliding block, are connected by sliding block with guide rail, the nozzle positioned at extruder assembly bottom nozzle is straight There are four types in footpath：0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, in the market it is most widely used be 0.4mm nozzle, certain basis The nozzle of different-diameter can be bought by being actually needed, and be worth here after proposing it is noted that selecting good nozzle diameter, also to be beaten Set corresponding parameter during print in software, printing floor height, print speed in such as Slice Software, make the quality and essence of printing Spend higher.

Near-end wire feed is exactly to install extruder assembly on the print head, and material squeezes into trunnion by direct geared, in aluminium block Middle melt sprays printing by spout.For this mounting means since extruder assembly moves together with printhead, printhead quality is big, Inertia is also big during printing, easily makes printing inaccurate, also higher to the rigidity requirement of guide rail using near-end wire feed.And distal end is sent Silk is to be installed on extruder assembly to be typically mounted on printer frame from extruder assembly position farther out, driving motor, by Conduit is sent into material silk；Rather than on extruder assembly, compared with near-end wire feed, distal end wire feed needs high torque, Material could be squeezed into printhead.

Or the use of the material used is no longer wire rod；Such as powdery, glue or bulk material, by mechanical pressure or air pressure pressure Enter trunnion, and a kind of feed mechanism it can pour into charging cabin directly using particulate materials such as ABS/PLA, after high temperature melt It is changed into liquid, then under the control of pneumatic system, realizes the extrusion of 3D printing material.

Circuit part includes：Circuit part includes：3D printer circuit part role in printer is that control is whole A print procedure is coordinated, in order, is completely run.A kind of typical circuit part of FDM type 3D printers mainly includes Arduino 2560 master control borads of mega, Ramps 1.4 expand plate and driving stepper motor plate.Basic parameter to them and effect below, Make following introduce.The microcontroller of 2560 master control borad Arduino Mega of Arduino Mega, 2560 master control borads is Atmega2560, operating voltage 5V, digital I/O pins be 54, simulation input pin be 16, each I/O pins it is straight Galvanic electricity stream is 50 milliamperes, and master control borad is the brain of 3D printer, is responsible for the whole printer of control to complete specifically to act, such as beats Print specific file etc..Need exist for illustrating, expand version do not welded to the diode that master control borad is powered, that is, need individually to 2560 master control borads of mega are powered, and are powered directly using USB 5V or by power connection.Arduino be it is a it is convenient flexibly, Facilitate the electronics Prototyping Platform of increasing income of left-hand seat, comprising hardware (the Arduino plates of various models) and software (Arduino IDE), The electric circuit diagram design of its open source code, program development interface free download, can also change, it meets difference according to individual demand Crowd innovates the needs of intention., it is necessary to download Marlin firmwares in Arduino IDE, as needed before the operation of 3D printers Modification firmware in partial parameters come meet printing requirement.Expand plate Ramps 1.4 to be inserted on master control borad, pass through contact pin and master control Plate is connected, and has it to be and is attached and controls with other hardware in order to more preferable, plays transit bridge beam action.Expanding plate needs Two 12V power supplys are connect, one of them is 11A, and for heating bed power supply, another is 5A, is extruder, each spindle motor and wind The power elements such as fan, since heating bed is not used in author, only use 12V, 5A power supply.Ramps 1.4 is expanded on plate Also the LED of fan output and heating rod output indication, extruder assembly pass through driving stepper motor plate with each spindle motor A4988 is controlled by master control borad, and since author uses single-head printer, 2 motor interface of extruder assembly does not have to installation A4988, Positioned at the plate upper right corner is expanded, there are X, Y, the limit switch of Z-direction, origin when can control printer per task. A4988 Driving stepper motor plate is for connection to stepper motor, so as to fulfill control of the master control borad to stepper motor, realizes XYZ axis electricity The action of machine and extruder assembly.The characteristics of A4988 driving stepper motor plates is that it only has simple stepping and direction controlling to connect Mouthful, there are 5 different step modes：Entirely, half, 1/4,1/8 and 1/16, adjustable potentiometer can adjust maximum current output, from And the step rate of higher is obtained, there is overheat to close circuit, under-voltage locking, the function of crossover current protection, and ground short circuit is protected The effect of shield and loading short-circuit protection.Driving plate is patched by pin to be expanded in plate on corresponding interface.

Software section is illustrated：Above author is it is known that 3D printer software section includes upper computer software and slave computer Software two large divisions, and have subdivision per part, by the operation of software, author could realize that master control borad sets print parameters Put and control.The process of all software entire runs of one 3D printer is as follows：First, author needs three-dimensional on computers to build The modeling of part is completed in mould software, such as Solidworks, UG, 3D Max three-dimensional software, have created 3D models later by text Part saves as STL forms, and STL files are opened in Slice Software Slic3r, by a series of setting of printing, are cut Piece produces code, opens code on another upper computer software Pronterface, and connects mainboard, the slave computer on mainboard Software is Marlin firmwares, and parameter setting is carried out in advance before operation, and after successful connection, the LED light on mainboard can flicker, and waits to beat Heating tube heats on print machine, and temperature starts to print after rising to design temperature.Lower mask body introduces the software section of printer. Slave computer software Marlin firmwares are free software, can be used directly to do software development, and author uses in 3D printer During Marlin firmwares, it is only necessary to downloaded firmware in Arduino IDE softwares, found in Marlin firmwares Configuration.h files, can change relevant code content according to the needs of oneself, and the printer that author develops needs Make following modification.

Current technology defect：For large-scale FDM-3D printers, the successively accumulation of extruded material, causes superficial layer Shape structure is coarse.

[content of the invention]

The object of the invention：

To solve the problems, such as that the shaped article of 3D printing is coarse, precision is not high, and make the molding object surface of institute smooth.

Feature of the present invention：

The structural detail and surface flatness that simple structure, reliable, completion conventional art can not be completed, relatively In the conventional method of mechanical finishing impression, non-contacting laser vaporization pattern is to printing the effect very little of object, thus to printer The bearing requirements of machinery are very low；And introduce various modes.

Key problem in technology is：

Mechanical system mainly includes:Feed mechanism, delivers the mechanical microscope carrier of extruder assembly horizontal movement, also keeps State the structure housing of movement structure, the electronic control system for supporting mechanical system motion etc..

Mechanical microscope carrier X guide rails (10), Y guide rail (11) constraint under, and in X-axis motor (13), (14) Y spindle motors Under driving, carry extruder assembly and make plane motion.

Composition extruder assembly component be：The components such as trunnion, heating (aluminium) body, heating rod and temperature sensor, will mould Expect entrance of the silk through feed mechanism push-in trunnion, then be oriented to by trunnion, enter spout area after reaching aluminium block heating position fusing Domain, the plastic wire after thawing is extruded under the action of subsequently (piston) pressure into silk from spout, and is extruded on stamp pad；Or Using powdery, glue or bulk material, trunnion, and a kind of feed mechanism are pressed into by mechanical pressure or air pressure.

Basic functional principle:

Under the control of electronic system, according to the section profile information of product parts, mechanical microscope carrier carries extruder assembly Make X-Y plane movement, platform adjustment height, table plane is positioned at hot melt nozzle nozzle exit area, heat when printing starts Plastics filamentary material is sent to hot melt nozzle by silk supplying machine structure, and heats and be fused into semi liquid state in the showerhead, is then squeezed out Come, selectively coating on the table, forms the sheet profiles of one layer of about 0.1-8mm thickness after quick cooling.At one layer Aftertable relative drop certain altitude is completed in section shaping, then carries out next layer of cladding, and formation one is three-dimensionally shaped gradually Object, the lifting of platform are completed to be completed by Z axis motor driving elevating screw (16), actually extruder nozzle 3-dimensional movement synthesis mode it is a variety of such as:Platform is motionless, and extruder nozzle makees the movement in 3 directions of XYZ；Or loading (vertical) movement, extruder nozzle make the movement in 2 directions of XY to workbench along the Z direction；Or platform is along X or Y side To movement, the movement laser modules that extruder nozzle makees 2 directions of ZX or Y are installed on same or independent mechanical microscope carrier On.

After 1-20 layers of sheet profiles are completed (the selection number of plies specifically regard laser beam power or formed precision demand and It is fixed), and under the control of the electronic system of 3D printer, mechanical microscope carrier is according to the profile information (profile on product parts border Path, the normal spatial orientation angle of local surface), under selection 3 axis of laser driving installation situation:Mechanical microscope carrier is only made Horizontal plane motion, vaporizes the contour edge of object layer；Under selection 4 axis of laser driving installation situation:Mechanical microscope carrier needs to make Outside horizontal plane motion, coordinate the rotation of (the 4th axis) turntable shaft (26), make the centerline direction and shaped article of the outgoing of laser beam Plane tangent, reduces the ladder sense of shaped article surface details；When under selection 5 axis of laser driving installation situation:Machinery carries Platform needs to make horizontal plane motion, outside the rotation for coordinating (the 4th axis) turntable shaft (26), also to drive one (the 5th axis) and laser The horizontal rotating shaft being connected directly, equally makes the centerline direction and shaped article plane tangent of the outgoing of laser beam, reduces shaping The ladder sense of object surface details.

Laser module is directly installed on the same mechanical microscope carrier of delivery extruder assembly horizontal movement, or is mounted On mechanical microscope carrier by one's own efforts；Under constraint of the mechanical microscope carrier in guide rail and the driving in motor, extruder assembly and laser are carried Component makees 1 dimension, 2 dimensions or 3-dimensional movement.

3 axis, 4 axis and 5 axis of laser drive installation situation as follows:

3 axis situations are that laser module directly vertical (central axis of laser beam is in horizontal plane) is installed on delivery to extrude Machine assembly horizontal movement same or by one's own efforts on mechanical microscope carrier；Beam centre line is vertically downward；Simple vaporization shaping shaping The profile of object, but surface stepization is serious.

4 axis (increasing by 1 axis in the case of 3 axial coordinates of original x, y, z) structure situation is:By laser and turntable (24) Situation about being rigidly fixed together is referred to as 4 axis situations, on mechanical microscope carrier, in which case:The direction of laser beam is not Z axis (vertical) direction, nor towards horizontal direction；But oblique, and Z axis (vertical) direction, nor the folder towards horizontal direction Angle is not zero degree.When choosing the turned position of turntable shaft (26), always so that in the beam of the laser beam of laser (28) The direction of heart ray is identical with the tangential direction on shaped article surface or is close and (is unable to reach all direction in spaces), laser So that high-precision surface shaping effect (equivalent to the shaping effect of omnipotent cleaver) is obtained, close at 5 axis laser beams after vaporization The effect of reason, but structure enormously simplify.Laser (28) is installed on constraint turntable (24), and laser spot (29) is just adjusted It is whole on the axle center of turntable shaft (26)；So no matter how turntable shaft (26) rotates, and laser spot (29) will all be in turntable shaft (26) on axle center；Only laser spot region can just have enough energy densities to carry out evaporation of materials, off-focal region due to The drastically decline of energy density, can not evaporation of materials.4 axle construction situations need the non-of the laser beam that laser (28) launched Up rightness handles (deflection), is realized by 2 kinds of modes:It is the direct deflection of laser first, secondly by using reflective mirror (31), its deflection and in the case of 4 axle construction in place is made:The luminous end of laser beam in laser and condenser lens axis Position relationship be:On condenser lens axis, light extraction main shaft and the condenser lens axis of laser beam have the luminous end of laser beam Non-zero included angle, the coupling of laser beam and condenser lens in such cases belongs to polarisation mood condition, can directly obtain 4 axis feelings The non-perpendicular irradiation of laser under condition；Or the luminous end of laser beam is on condenser lens axis, the light extraction main shaft of laser beam with Condenser lens axis has zero angle, and the coupling of laser beam and condenser lens in such cases belongs to positive optical center situation, passes through Walk direct oblique laser device or the non-perpendicular irradiation of the laser in the case of 4 axis is obtained by 2 secondary reflection laser beams.

5 axis (increasing by 2 axis in the case of 3 axial coordinates of original x, y, z) structure situation is will to be fixed on laser and turn On disk fixing bracket (22), it can thus be rotated at the same time along axis in vertical direction and 2 axis bascules of horizontal direction rotation, The space directive of any direction is formed, laser beam center line can be directed toward any direction in space, but structure is the most complicated.

For 4 axis, 5 axis situations, movable position limiting slide block (23) constrains in Z axis (vertical axis) direction by turntable shaft (26) and turns Dynamic turntable (24), rotates in the driving lower rotary table for turning disk-drive motor (27) in Z-direction；The also raised construction of rotary disk limitation (25) can be from 2 directions, revolution touching activity position limiting slide block (23), the rotational angle of limitation turntable shaft (26), prevents it from mistake Degree rotates；This is because position limiting slide block (23), under movable position limiting slide block (23) constraint of turntable fixing bracket (22), itself has There is certain certain angle under constraint sliding slot (30) constraint, rotated around turntable shaft (26), turntable (24) can be constrained Angle of revolution is more than 360 degree (one weeks).

Protect gas blowout mouth (20) to spray the oxidation resistant protective gas such as inertia, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, protect gas blowout mouth (20) it is mounted relative on the static component of laser, sprays to laser spot region all the time；It is poroid in hood (21) (generally below 2 mm dias), plays the role of light bar, in a manner of stopping light, limits laser energy region, obtains high The small high-energy-density space that the big gradient in density region and zero density area is mutated so that the vaporization of shaped article border is neat, (fusing point is higher than the metal of iron such as to the materials'use materials with high melting point of hood (21):Tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, nickel etc., fusing point is from 2600 Degree --- differed to 3300 degree)；Exhaust outlet (18) is that material vaporization mixture is discharged outside.

Further:Focusing laser beam (conical tip) cone angle of laser module require it is larger preferably, more than 5 degree, When so leaving focus point along the direction of propagation of laser beam, energy density sharp-decay, it is too big to be unlikely to upper extension scale.

Further:The installation site of the exhaust outlet is integrally fixed at housing, fixed structure or the mechanical microscope carrier of movement in shell On.

The basis of the present invention is still built upon on current prior art, the 3-dimensional fortune of the mechanical system of extruder assembly Dynamic base program is identical with prior art, has simply been merged with the prior art and has focused on the side that laser beam carries out object cross-sectional contour Boundary's finishing vaporization action, calculation still follow same principle：The stratified mathematics tracking principle of object geometric shape.

[brief description of the drawings]

Fig. 1 carries the FDM 3D printer schematic diagrames of laser beam profile vaporization.

4 axis laser beam driving device structure schematic diagrames of Fig. 2.

5 axis laser beam driving device structure schematic diagrames of Fig. 3.

Illustrate：

(1) extruder assembly

(2) feed mechanism

(3) feeding motor

(4) spout

(5) aluminium body is heated

(6) mechanical microscope carrier

(7) belt

(8) mechanical microscope carrier and loading part enlarged drawing

(9) structure housing

(10) X guide rails

(11) Y guide rail

(12) Z guide rails

(13) X-axis motor

(14) y-axis motor

(15) supply disk

(16) elevating screw

(17) platform

(18) exhaust outlet

(19) electric machine support

(20) gas blowout mouth is protected

(21) hood

(22) the 5th spindle motor stents

(23) movable position limiting slide block (switch block)

(24) turntable

(25) the raised construction of rotary disk limitation

(26) the 4th axis axis

(27) the 4th spindle motors

(28) laser

(29) laser spot

(30) sliding slot is constrained

(33) the 5th axis axis

(34) the 5th spindle motors

[embodiment]

Below in conjunction with attached drawing, with regard to preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described：

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2：

Groundwork process:Under the control of electronic system, according to the section profile information of product parts, mechanical microscope carrier is taken Band extruder assembly makees X-Y plane movement, and platform adjustment height, table plane is positioned at hot melt nozzle when printing starts Nozzle exit area, thermoplasticity filamentary material is sent to hot melt nozzle by silk supplying machine structure, and heats and be fused into semi liquid state in the showerhead, so After be extruded out, selectively coating on the table, forms the thin slice of one layer of about 0.1-8mm thickness after quick cooling Profile.It is molded in a layer cross section and completes aftertable decline certain altitude, then carry out next layer of cladding, ultimately forms three-dimensional production Product part.Print platform declines one layer automatically, and printhead continues to print, and moves in circles until the completion of finished product；Laser profile side The vaporization of edge is inserted into every between 1---20 layers of fused deposition layer, 1-20 layers of single treatment, and processing procedure is:According to production The cross section profile boundary information of product part, control X-axis motor (13) and y-axis motor (14) driving laser carry out horizontal movement, So that the mobile route of the focus point of laser beam is cross section profile boundary line, while control the rotational angle of turntable (24) so that The central shaft of laser beam is vertical with the normal of shaped article surface (tangent), and the cross section profile border for being vaporized off product parts is unnecessary Part, meet required precision.

The specific connection relation of component:Electronic control system in structure housing (9):Including mainboard, driving plate and Manipulate the control complete machine work such as plate；Extruder assembly (1) and laser (28) are installed on mechanical microscope carrier (6), from mechanical microscope carrier And it can be seen that in loading part enlarged drawing (8)：Extruder assembly (1) includes feed mechanism (2), heating aluminium body (5) and spout (4)；Feed mechanism (2) is to draw material silk from supply disk (15) by feeding motor (3) drive gear, promotes material silk to enter larynx Pipe, then reach heating aluminium body (5) and heated, finally extruded by spout (4)；X guide rails (10) and Y guide rail (11) constraint Mechanical microscope carrier (6) carries out the plane fortune of horizontal direction in the case where X-axis motor (13) and y-axis motor (14) are driven by belt (7) It is dynamic；Z guide rails (12) constraint platform (17) is in Z axis motor by under the driving of elevating screw (16), carrying out vertical direction Elevating movement.

Laser (28) is directly anchored on turntable (24), and the 4th axis axis (26) on turntable (24) is by mechanical microscope carrier (6) On axis hole constraint, and under the driving for the 4th spindle motor (27) being fixed on electric machine support (19), turn along vertical direction It is dynamic；Rotational angle is the touching by the raised construction (25) of the rotary disk limitation being fixed on turntable (24) and movable position limiting slide block (23) Constraint limitation, makes its slewing area be more than 360 degree, since movable position limiting slide block (23) is installed on the constraint on mechanical microscope carrier (6) In sliding slot (30), certain activity point of view (easily obtaining 20-30 degree) itself is also there is, thus:The angle of revolution of turntable is Turntable is under movable position limiting slide block (23) stationary state, by the angle of rotation of raised construction (25) the touching constraint limitation of rotary disk limitation The sum of degree, with own activity angle (easily obtain 20-30 degree) of the movable position limiting slide block (23) in slideway.

Hood (21) is passed through and is provided with hood (21) in the lower section of protection gas blowout mouth (20), the 4th axis axis (26) Aperture or gap, diameter just accommodate laser spot (29), play the role of light bar, to stop light between 0.5-5 millimeters The mode of line, limits laser energy region, and the small high-energy for obtaining the big gradient mutation in high density area and zero density area is close Spend space so that the vaporization of shaped article border is neat, accurate, and (fusing point is higher than the materials'use materials with high melting point of hood (21) The metal of iron is such as:Tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, nickel etc., fusing point is from 2600 degree --- differed to 3300 degree)；Exhaust outlet (18) is by material vapour Change that mixture discharge is exterior, the installation site of the exhaust outlet is integrally fixed at housing, fixed structure or movement are (faster and thorough in shell The extraction exhaust gas at bottom) mechanical microscope carrier on.

As shown in Figure 3：

5 axis (increasing by 2 axis in the case of 3 axial coordinates of original x, y, z) structure situation is will be fixed by laser (28) On relative to the 5th spindle motor stent (22), the 5th axis axis (33) and the 5th spindle motor (34) coaxially, the 5th spindle motor (33) axis Be rigidly connected electric machine support (22), the 2 axis activity that carrying laser (28) can be rotated along vertical direction and horizontal direction at the same time In structure so that laser spot (29) total space is moved；Equally by：Laser (28) is directly anchored on turntable (24), turntable (24) the 4th axis axis (26) on is constrained by the axis hole on mechanical microscope carrier (6), and the on electric machine support (19) is fixed on the 4th Under the driving of spindle motor (27), rotated along vertical direction；Rotational angle is convex by the rotary disk limitation being fixed on turntable (24) Play construction (25) and the touching constraint of movable position limiting slide block (23) limits, its slewing area is more than 360 degree, since activity limits Position sliding block (23) is installed in the constraint sliding slot (30) on mechanical microscope carrier (6), itself also there is certain activity point of view (easily Obtain 20-30 degree), thus:The angle of revolution of turntable be turntable under movable position limiting slide block (23) stationary state, by rotary disk limitation The rotational angle of protrusion construction (25) touching constraint limitation, with own activity angle of the movable position limiting slide block (23) in slideway The sum of (easily obtaining 20-30 degree), laser beam center line can be directed toward any direction in space, but structure is the most complicated.

Claims (3)

1. the FDM 3D printers with the vaporization of laser beam profile：Its construction includes:Feed mechanism, delivers extruder assembly water The mechanical microscope carrier of flat movement, also keeps the structure housing of above-mentioned movement structure, supports the electronic control system of mechanical system motion System；Laser module is directly installed on the same mechanical microscope carrier of delivery extruder assembly horizontal movement, or is installed in solely On the mechanical microscope carrier of power；Under constraint of the mechanical microscope carrier in guide rail and the driving in motor, extruder assembly and laser module are carried Make 1 dimension, 2 dimensions or 3-dimensional movement；Extruder assembly as material extrusion part, its component include trunnion, calandria, heating rod and Temperature sensor, is oriented to by entrance of the plastic wire through feed mechanism push-in trunnion, then by trunnion, reaches the heating part of calandria Enter nozzle area after the fusing of position or use powdery, glue or bulk material, trunnion is pressed into by mechanical pressure or air pressure, and A kind of feed mechanism；It is final to be pressed against on the platform of carrying shaped article；Its feature is that：Pacify on mechanical microscope carrier Fill with the laser module for focusing on laser beam, after 1-20 layers of sheet profiles are completed, mechanical microscope carrier is according to product parts side The profile information on boundary carries the contour edge of laser vaporization object layer；Laser module is divided into 3 axis, 4 axis and 5 shaft-driven machineries Installation situation:3 axis situations are that the laser beam for sending laser module is directly vertically mounted on mechanical microscope carrier, beam centre line Vertically downward；4 axis situations are to be rigidly fixed together laser and turntable, the oblique peace of the laser beam that laser module is sent Dress, when vertical turntable shaft rotates, the focus of laser beam all the time on the axis of turntable shaft and residing height remains unchanged, The rotation angle of adjustment turntable shaft can cause direction and the shaped article table of the beam centre ray of the laser beam of laser (28) The tangential direction in face is identical or is close；5 axle construction situations are that laser is fixed on turntable fixing bracket (22), laser 2 axis that can be rotated at the same time around vertical direction and horizontal direction are rotated, form the laser beam directive of any direction；For 4 Axis, 5 axis situations are, it is necessary to which movable position limiting slide block (23) is constrained in the turntable (24) of Z-direction rotation by turntable shaft (26), in turntable The driving lower rotary table of motor (27) is driven to be rotated in Z-direction；The raised construction (25) of rotary disk limitation also on turntable (24) can be from 2 A direction, revolution touching activity position limiting slide block (23), the rotational angle of limitation turntable shaft (26), prevents it from inordinate rotation；This It is due to position limiting slide block (23) under movable position limiting slide block (23) constraint of turntable fixing bracket (22), itself has certain pact Shu Xing, under constraint sliding slot (30) constraint, the angle of revolution for being rotated around turntable shaft (26) and constraining turntable (24) is more than 360 Degree；Protect gas blowout mouth (20) to spray inert gas, nitrogen and the oxidation resistant protective gas of carbon dioxide, be mounted relative to laser On the static component of device, laser spot region is sprayed to all the time；The light admission port of hood (21) is aperture or gap, limits laser energy Measure region；The use of exhaust outlet (18) is that material vaporization mixture is discharged into outside.

2. the FDM 3D printers according to claim 1 with the vaporization of laser beam profile, it is characterised in that:The tool There is the laser module for focusing on laser beam, its laser cone angle is more than 5 degree.

3. the FDM 3D printers according to claim 1 with the vaporization of laser beam profile, it is characterised in that:The row The installation site of gas port is integrally fixed at housing, in shell on fixed structure or the mechanical microscope carrier of movement.