CN208374221U - A kind of main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of main shaft functional components of automatically replaceable cutter.It includes slide, spindle box, main shaft, arm of forging a knife, cam of forging a knife, tool magazine bracket, tool magazine and guide plate, a pair of of line rail sliding block is respectively fixed in the two side walls of slide groove, a linear guides are respectively fixed at the position that spindle box two sides correspond to line rail sliding block, spindle box can be made to be clamped in installation groove by the coupling of line rail sliding block and linear guides, under the drive of driving screw rod, spindle box can make plummet along its center of gravity direction and move.The main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model, since main center is close to line rail, thus the unbalance loading torque for reducing slide and being born, slide reduces the influence of unbalance loading torque and overhanging torque to spindle box kinematic accuracy, static accuracy and machining accuracy to greatest extent, solves the problems, such as spindle box therefore some is bowed and equilibrium problem, oscillation phenomenon when very good solution spindle box high-speed cruising.

Description

A kind of main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter

Technical field

The utility model relates to numerically-controlled machine tool, machining center technical field, especially vertical numerical control milling machine, vertical numerical controls to bore Bed, numerical control radial miller and its corresponding vertical machining centre more particularly to a kind of main shaft function part of automatically replaceable cutter Part.

Background technique

Numerically-controlled machine tool is the essential technological equipment of modern manufacturing industry and flexible manufacturing system and unmanned factory Key equipment.The length of lathe tool change time will directly affect the production efficiency of lathe, the vibration of spindle box when machine tool high speed is run Dynamic and shake be product quality promoted kill first halberd.Traditional vertical lathe, regardless of whether being numerically-controlled machine tool, the offset loading force of spindle box Square is all objective reality, and main-shaft core and column guide rail distance are bigger, and unbalance loading torque is also bigger, and spindle box is heavier, offset loading force Square is also bigger.It can be seen that unbalance loading torque and main-shaft core to guide pass distance and master from following unbalance loading torque calculation formula Axle box weight is all directly proportional: Mp=GpXL, and Mp is unbalance loading torque in formula, and Gp is spindle box weight, and L is main-shaft core to vertical Column guide pass distance.

The unbalance loading torque both of these problems for how shortening machine tool swap time, reducing vertical machine, are Machine Tool designs Eternal project.Especially high speed, high-precision lathe, unbalance loading torque are fairly obvious to processed zero surface roughness affect.Example It is exactly a kind of high speed, high finishing machine such as the drilling and milling center of processing mobile phone shell.There was only small dimension work currently on the market The drilling and milling center for making table top, without the machining center of wide work top, reason is exactly limited by unbalance loading torque.

Miniature high-speed machining center (referring to workbench width in 500mm machining center below) is commonly used in drilling, attacks spiral shell The milling for taking turns curve of line, plane sum.It is small such as the inside and outside contour of handset shell and baseplane and periphery key slot Milling Process The drilling in hole, subtle screw hole (M2) drilling and tapping.The inside and outside outline at the small-sized sharp station of IT industry, aperture group and numerous small screw holes The processing such as drilling and tapping.

Above-mentioned miniature high-speed machining center, its main feature is that compact-sized, the time of Tool changeover is short, and the speed of mainshaft is high, into It is fast to speed.Workpiece suitable for aluminum alloy spare part.The disadvantage is that the range of work is limited, it is not able to satisfy large capacity and swashs station shell The processing of the aluminum profiles such as body, big display frame and high-speed rail train decorative element for lamp, window decorations part.The main reason is that currently on the market The width of drilling and milling central task platform is too small, and maximum width is less than 450mm.And provided drilling and milling in the market Center seems helpless for the drilling of the high hard materials such as stainless steel, tapping, milling plane.Numerous home-made machines (contain Taiwan Machine) almost without exception.The little Huang machine (day the machine) of import is not that the type of specific customization also can not meet processing request.

For the headstock structure at traditional vertical drilling and milling center as shown in attached 5 figure, spindle box (2 ') is perpendicular to column (90 ') are connect by linear guides (the 18 ') duplicate invoice being mounted between spindle box (2 ') and column (90 '), and spindle box (2 ') is along peace Linear guides (18 ') on column (90 ') are made to move on Z-direction feeding work, and spindle box (2 ') such as same cantilever (stretches) body Making vertical movement.Spindle box (2 ') (stretches) torque because own wt can generate a cantilever, this torque can make spindle box (2 ') take (low) head, and the weight of spindle box (2 ') is bigger, the span L of overhanging ' (main-shaft core to guide pass S2 distance) bigger, This torque is also bigger.This torque is commonly referred to as mountain peak and covers torque.Fig. 6 is traditional vertical drilling and milling center in background technique Simplified basic schematic diagram.It is not difficult to find out that, rectilinear column (90 ') is used from attached drawing 5, it is vertical along the column (90 ') The guide rail (18 ') of parallel Z axis direction (i.e. direction perpendicular to the ground), one end of spindle box (2 ') are provided on the lateral wall in direction It can do along guide rail (the 18 ') direction and move up and down, the other end is provided with can be along the main shaft assembly that Z-direction moves (14 '), in practical application, under normal circumstances, the overhanging direction of spindle box (2 ') and the vertical direction of column (90 ') show The angle at right angle still, matches at this point, the precision of main shaft assembly (14 ') vertically is higher when with the column (90 ') Workbench area, width especially in X direction it is bigger when, spindle box (2 ') overhang span also certainly will be bigger, spindle box It is also bigger that the cantilever that (2 ') are generated by self weight (stretches) torque, therefore spindle box (2 ') easily occurs and constant slope deflection is presented The phenomenon that, the vertical direction in the overhanging direction and column (90 ') that cause spindle box (2) shows the angle of acute angle, main shaft assembly (14 ') take advantage of a situation generation the phenomenon that bowing, and the central axis of main shaft assembly (14 ') is also taken advantage of a situation generation deflection, cause spindle box (2 ') Balance when lifting is severely impacted, and certainly will occur the phenomenon that spindle box (2 ') vibration and shake when high-speed cruising.Separately It, also can be because of the processing distance between main shaft assembly (14 ') and guide rail (18 ') because what cutting force generated cuts torque partially when external processing And increase.For these reasons, there is no suitable for big specification (workbench width) and the higher height of precision so far both at home and abroad The high speed drilling and milling center of fast vertical milling machining center, only small dimension.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide the automatically replaceable cutters that a kind of Tool changeover time is short, unbalance loading torque is small Main shaft functional component.

Technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a kind of main shaft of automatically replaceable cutter Functional component, it is separable to be fixedly connected with the lathe bed of external process lathe comprising slide (1) and can be along the slide (1) Center of gravity direction do plummet movement spindle box (2)；One is formed on the slide (1) to penetrate through from top to bottom along its vertical direction The installation groove (101) of extension, the end face of slide (1) side are formed with the concave shaped of one with the groove (101) perforation Notch, the installation groove (101) is interior to be connected with a spindle box (2) along the setting of plummet Z-direction, the spindle box (2) For rectangular shaped post ram type, it is mounted therein with main shaft assembly (14)；The slide (1) and opposite with its indent v notch v is another A separable interconnecting piece (30) being connected with external process lathe is formed on the side wall of side.

In a preferred embodiment, sharp respectively in the two side walls of the relatively described spindle box (2) of the installation groove (101) It is fixed with a line rail sliding block (16) with the first screw (19), at the position of the corresponding line rail sliding block (16) of the spindle box (2) It is utilized respectively the linear guides (18) that the second screw (20) is fixed with one along Z-direction setting, the linear guides (18) and institute Stating line rail sliding block (16) and being coupled can be such that the spindle box (2) is clamped in the installation groove (101) and can be along its center of gravity Do plummet movement in direction.

In a preferred embodiment, motor (8), Z-direction transmission module (9) and Z-direction are installed at the top of the slide (1) Roller feed screw rod (13)；The Z-direction transmission module (9) drives Z-direction roller feed screw rod (13) rotation, and described in drive Spindle box (2) does bottom and top feed movement in the installation groove (101) along plummet direction.

In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the slide (1) be equipped with tool magazine bracket (7), tool magazine swinging frame (6) and Tool magazine (3)；Guide plate (5) for the tool magazine (3) movement is installed on the outside of the spindle box (2)；The tool magazine bracket (7) one end is fixedly connected with one end of the tool magazine swinging frame (6), the other end and the knife of the tool magazine swinging frame (6) It is connected between library (3) by a swinging axle (4).

In a preferred embodiment, the knife being tightened up is unclamped when being also equipped in the spindle box (2) for Tool changeover The arm of forging a knife (10) and cam of forging a knife (11) of tool；The position of the tail end of the spindle box (2) and close the main shaft assembly (14) Place is additionally provided with the nozzle (15) for cleaning the cutter on the tool magazine (3).

In a preferred embodiment, the interconnecting piece (30) include it is one in a circular table shape, for external connection structure it Between be in clearance fit grafting link block (31), further include it is multiple be evenly distributed on the link block (31) it is external, for leading to Cross the fixed block (32) that fastener is fixedly connected with external connection structure.

The beneficial effect of the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model is: spindle box slide shape is in Dished installation groove can be separately connected fixed main shaft case in installation groove, fix respectively in the two side walls of installation groove There is a line rail sliding block, spindle box, which corresponds to, is fixed with the linear guides that can be arranged along Z axis direction at the position of line rail sliding block, lead to The coupling for crossing line rail sliding block and linear guides can be such that spindle box is clamped in installation groove and can make plummet along its center of gravity direction Movement.The main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model is different from used by traditional drilling and milling center and stands Column+overhanging spindle box motion structure can reduce unbalance loading torque and overhanging torque to master using this functional component to greatest extent The influence of axle box kinematic accuracy, static accuracy and machining accuracy, to enable spindle box in few cantilever or zero cantilever moment In the case of, along vertical direction high-speed cruising.Solve the problems, such as spindle box therefore spindle box caused by some cantilever moments is bowed, Rectangular spindle box is clamped in the spindle box slide in long recess type and runs along vertical direction, greatly reduces mountain peak and covers pair The impact of spindle box solves oscillation phenomenon when spindle box high-speed cruising.Be conducive to improve the machining accuracy and surface light of workpiece Cleanliness covers torque without mountain peak, more can effectively improve the transmission efficiency of Z axis.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is that the main shaft functional component front of automatically replaceable cutter in an embodiment is intended to.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of the main shaft function of automatically replaceable cutter in an embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view that Fig. 2 applies slide in example.

Fig. 4 is slide and the cross-sectional view after spindle box installation in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is the spindle box screenshot at traditional vertical drilling and milling center in background technique.

Fig. 6 is the simplified basic schematic diagram at traditional vertical drilling and milling center in background technique.

Fig. 7 is the vertical processing that the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model is equipped in an embodiment Center screenshot.

Fig. 8 is the simplified basic that the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model is equipped in an embodiment Schematic diagram.

Fig. 9 is the vertical drilling and milling machining center for being equipped with the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model.

Figure 10 is the connected mode schematic diagram of the vertical drilling and milling machining center in Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is to be equipped in the rocker arm milling drilling and milling of the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model The heart.

Figure 12 is the connected mode schematic diagram at the rocker arm milling drilling and milling center in Figure 11.

Specific embodiment

Make below in conjunction with main shaft functional component of the specific embodiments and drawings to the automatic replacement cutter of the utility model It is described in further detail.

The main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model, it is intended to be lathe manufacturer, one kind is provided The functional component (module) that the Tool changeover time is short, unbalance loading torque is small.The main shaft functional component can be widely applied to various numerical controls Vertical knee-type milling machine, NC vertical drilling machine, numerical control rocker arm drilling machine ..., and corresponding machining center is made, as in vertical processing The heart, rocker arm Milling Machining center etc..

Referring to Figure 1 to Fig. 4, a kind of main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter comprising slide 1 and can be along slide Do the spindle box 2 of plummet movement in 1 center of gravity direction；It is formed with one on slide 1 and penetrates through extension from top to bottom along its vertical direction Installation groove 101, the end face of 1 side of slide are formed with an indent v notch v penetrated through with groove 101, connect in installation groove 101 It is connected to a spindle box 2 along the setting of plummet Z-direction, spindle box 2 is rectangular shaped post ram type, is mounted therein with main shaft assembly 14； It is formed with one on the side wall of slide 1 and opposite with its indent v notch v other side and separates and is connected with external process center Interconnecting piece 30.

Interconnecting piece 30 includes a link block in a circular table shape, for being in clearance fit grafting between external connection structure 31, further include it is multiple be evenly distributed on it is outside link block 31, for being fixedly connected by fastener with external connection structure Fixed block 32.

The first screw 19, which is utilized respectively, in the two side walls of the opposite spindle box 2 of installation groove 101 is fixed with a line rail sliding block 16, the second screw 20, which is utilized respectively, at the position of the corresponding line rail sliding block 16 of spindle box 2 is fixed with one along the linear of Z-direction setting Guide rail 18, linear guides 18 and line rail sliding block 16, which are coupled, can be such that spindle box 2 is clamped in installation groove 101 and can be along it Do plummet movement in center of gravity direction.

The top of slide 1 is equipped with motor 8, Z-direction transmission module 9 and Z-direction roller feed screw rod 13；Z-direction transmission module 9 drives Dynamic Z-direction roller feed screw rod 13 rotates, and drives spindle box 2 to do bottom and top feed in installation groove 101 along plummet direction and move.

The upper surface of slide 1 is equipped with tool magazine bracket 7, tool magazine swinging frame 6 and tool magazine 3,；The outside of spindle box 2 is equipped with The guide plate 5 moved for tool magazine 3；One end of tool magazine bracket 7 is fixedly connected with one end of tool magazine swinging frame 6, tool magazine swinging frame 6 The other end and tool magazine 3 between by a swinging axle 4 connect.

Forge a knife arm 10 and the cam of forging a knife of the cutter being tightened up are unclamped when be also equipped in spindle box 2 for Tool changeover 11, the rotation junction for arm 10 of forging a knife is provided with a rotary shaft 12 protruded horizontally up outward, and two ends of rotary shaft 12 are installed on On the spindle box 2 of the numerically-controlled machine tool；It is additionally provided at the position of the tail end of spindle box 2 and close main shaft assembly 14 for cleaning The nozzle 15 of cutter on tool magazine 3.

The main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model, mainly by by slide 1, spindle box 2, knife Library 3 and Z-axis transmission module in one, make a kind of tool change time is short, unbalance loading torque is small, the fast feed speed of Z faster, it is main The higher new function component of axis revolving speed.

Now by taking a kind of vertical drilling and milling machining center (being commonly called as little Huang machine) from external import as an example, as shown in figure 5, analysis pair Than the utility model once and little Huang machine and home-made machine (machine containing Taiwan) difference.

Please referring also to Fig. 7 to Fig. 8, the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model, passes through company Socket part 30 is connected on the lateral wall on the top of a column 90, referring to the unbalance loading torque contrast schematic diagram of Fig. 6 and Fig. 8, wherein Fig. 6 For the structural schematic diagram of little Huang machine (including home-made machine, domestic Taiwan machine), Fig. 8 is equipped with the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model Main shaft functional component Novel drill milling carving machining center.For lathe in processing, the cutter on main shaft is in excision workpiece surface Generated cutting force when machining allowance, Z-direction component Fz, the cutting component being consequently exerted on main shaft.For column guide rail, It is exactly a kind of offset loading force.It is well known that offset loading force and unbalance loading apart from product be unbalance loading torque.It is as shown in Figure 6: z axis The distance at guide rail 18 ' to 14 ' center of main shaft assembly is 450mm, this is with regard to the unbalance loading distance of little Huang machine, this is apart from bigger.And The distance at Z axis linear guides 18 to 14 center of main shaft assembly is obviously very small in Fig. 8, as shown in the figure only 60mm, the two difference As many as 7.5 times, that is to say, that under same machining condition, the unbalance loading torque of import little Huang machine is the unbalance loading torque of the utility model 7.5 times.Unbalance loading torque (torque) calculation method is seen below:

1, torque arithmetic: Mz=Fp × L

Little Huang machine in Fig. 6: Mz=Fz × 450

Match the machining center of the utility model component: Mz=Fz × 60 in Fig. 8

2, comparing result: in the identical situation of operating force, the torque that little Huang machine Z axis guide rail is born is about that this is practical new 7.5 times of type machining center.

By it is above-mentioned calculation shows that the spindle box of the utility model unbalance loading torque, much smaller than traditional drilling and milling center master The unbalance loading torque of axle box.Unbalance loading torque is the source of main tank vibration, and vibration when processing can be with the increase of process velocity, operating force And increase.Amplitude will have a direct impact on the service life of guide rail, main shaft bearing, lathe rigidity and processing performance.Further to mention The rigidity of high spindle box, the headstock structure of the utility model use ram type high rigidity main shaft used in similar large-sized gantry machine Box structure, rigidity is good, can bear higher revolving speed, and processing performance also has and greatly improves.

Refer to Fig. 9 to Figure 10, in the embodiment of a vertical drilling and milling machining center, the automatically replaceable knife of the utility model The main shaft functional component of tool is separable to be connected with a vertical machine, specifically, the upper vertical of the lathe is provided with one first Column 91 is formed in the exterior side wall on the top of the first column 91 and matches the of connection with the interconnecting piece 30 of this programme One mounting portion 40 need to can will only be completed solid using fastener also cross the interconnecting piece 30 and the first mounting portion 40 of this programme Fixed connection.

Referring to Figure 11 to Figure 12, a rocker arm mills in the embodiment at drilling and milling center, the utility model can automatically more The main shaft functional component of tool changing tool is separable to be connected with a lathe, specifically, the upper vertical of the lathe is provided with one first Column 92, the top of the first column 92 is detachably connectable an excessive connector 80, direction on the lateral wall of excessive connector 80 The interconnecting piece 30 of this programme is prominent to be formed with second mounting portion 50 that can match connection with interconnecting piece 30, only need to be using tight Completion can be fixedly connected by firmware also cross the interconnecting piece 30 and the second mounting portion 50 of this programme.

To sum up, the main shaft functional component of the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model, Optimal improvements on the basis of experiment With the structure for concentrating spindle box and column, it is to change column as spindle box slide first, reinforces cloth muscle, by the seat of spindle box slide Body is designed to a high intensity, high rigidity, the groove body of resistant to bending double wall, and spindle box can be along slide in groove body Plummet movement is done in center of gravity direction, and followed by changing cantilevered spindle box is rectangular shaped post ram type spindle box, and third is to change guide rail Guide rail is mounted on the symmetric side of spindle box two sides and spindle box center of gravity galassing row by secondary mounting means, and by two pairs of cunnings Block is embedded in the both ends on the inside of spill slide seat body two to block respectively, to enable spindle box in the case where zero cantilever moment, along lead Hang down (center of gravity) direction high-speed cruising.It solves cantilever and (stretches) spindle box therefore bowing for spindle box caused by some cantilever moments is asked Topic, the equilibrium problem of spindle box, solve oscillation phenomenon when spindle box high-speed cruising.And cut partially torque because main shaft and guide rail away from Maximum improvement has also been obtained from shortening.Main shaft functional component equipped with the automatically replaceable cutter of the utility model it is new Type bore milling carving machining center be different from right cylinder used by traditional drilling and milling center and cantilever (stretch) structure of spindle box with Mounting means can reduce unbalance loading torque and overhanging torque to spindle box kinematic accuracy, static state using spindle slide to greatest extent Precision and influence with machining accuracy are transported to enable spindle box in the case where zero cantilever moment along vertical direction high speed Row solves the problems, such as spindle box therefore the bowing of spindle box caused by some cantilever moments, the equilibrium problem of spindle box, well Solves oscillation phenomenon when spindle box high-speed cruising.

Although the description combination embodiments above to the utility model carries out, it is familiar with the art Personnel can carry out many replacements based on the above contents, modifications and variations, be obvious.Therefore, all such Substitution, improvements and changes are included in the spirit and scope of appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter, separable to be fixedly connected with the lathe bed of external process lathe, It is characterized in that, it includes slide (1) and the spindle box (2) that can do plummet movement along the center of gravity direction of the slide (1)；It is described An installation groove (101) for penetrating through extension from top to bottom along its vertical direction, slide (1) side are formed on slide (1) End face be formed with the indent v notch v of one with the groove (101) perforation, is connected with one along lead in the installation groove (101) Hammer the spindle box (2) of Z-direction setting into shape, the spindle box (2) is rectangular shaped post ram type, is mounted therein with main shaft assembly (14)；It is formed with one on the side wall of the slide (1) and opposite with its indent v notch v other side and separates and adds with external The interconnecting piece (30) that work lathe is connected.

2. the main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the installation groove (101) the first screw (19) is utilized respectively in the two side walls of the relatively described spindle box (2) be fixed with a line rail sliding block (16), institute It states and is utilized respectively the second screw (20) at the position of spindle box (2) the corresponding line rail sliding block (16) and is fixed with one along Z-direction The linear guides (18) of setting, the linear guides (18) are coupled with the line rail sliding block (16) can make the spindle box (2) It is clamped in the installation groove (101) and plummet can be made along its center of gravity direction and move.

3. the main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the slide (1) Top motor (8), Z-direction transmission module (9) and Z-direction roller feed screw rod (13) are installed；The Z-direction transmission module (9) is driven Z-direction roller feed screw rod (13) rotation is moved, and drives the spindle box (2) along plummet direction in the installation groove (101) bottom and top feed movement is done in.

4. the main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the slide (1) Upper surface tool magazine bracket (7), tool magazine swinging frame (6) and tool magazine (3) are installed；Being equipped on the outside of the spindle box (2) can For the guide plate (5) of the tool magazine (3) movement；One end of the tool magazine bracket (7) and one end of the tool magazine swinging frame (6) are solid Fixed connection, is connect between the other end and the tool magazine (3) of the tool magazine swinging frame (6) by a swinging axle (4).

5. the main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the spindle box (2) arm of forging a knife (10) and cam of forging a knife (11) of the cutter being tightened up are unclamped when being also equipped in for Tool changeover；The master It is additionally provided at the position of the tail end of axle box (2) and close the main shaft assembly (14) for cleaning the knife on the tool magazine (3) The nozzle (15) of tool.

6. the main shaft functional component of automatically replaceable cutter according to claim 1-5, which is characterized in that described Interconnecting piece (30) includes a link block (31) in a circular table shape, for being in clearance fit grafting between external connection structure, Further include it is multiple be evenly distributed on the link block (31) it is external, for being fixedly connected by fastener with external connection structure Fixed block (32).