CN208093500U - 一种高压熔断器 - Google Patents

一种高压熔断器 Download PDF

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CN208093500U
CN208093500U CN201820460110.XU CN201820460110U CN208093500U CN 208093500 U CN208093500 U CN 208093500U CN 201820460110 U CN201820460110 U CN 201820460110U CN 208093500 U CN208093500 U CN 208093500U
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fusing
electrode slice
fuse
high pressure
tension fuse
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洪尧祥
徐强
陈春水
柴倓
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Xiamen Set Electronics Co Ltd
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Xiamen Set Electronics Co Ltd
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Priority to KR1020207023930A priority patent/KR102500622B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2019/079720 priority patent/WO2019192356A1/zh
Priority to US16/958,792 priority patent/US20200335295A1/en
Priority to JP2020544526A priority patent/JP2021508931A/ja
Priority to EP19781491.6A priority patent/EP3751592B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本实用新型提供一种高压熔断器,包括并联连接的温度熔断装置和高压分断装置;高压分断装置包括熔断体,熔断体为n形结构,两端具有并行段;温度熔断装置的电阻值低于所述熔断体的电阻值,温度熔断装置的熔点低于所述熔断体的熔点。本实用新型的高压熔断器可实现过温熔断功能,由于熔断体的n形结构,可快速的切断电弧,执行高压分断,保护线路的安全。

Description

一种高压熔断器
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种熔断器,特别地,涉及一种高压熔断器。
背景技术
从2014年起,国内电动汽车市场进入快速发展期,2017年我国自上而下对新能源汽车的推动达到了前所未有的高度,在全国进行大范围的推广。2018年1月11日中国汽车工业协会召开2017年度12月份汽车产销数据发布会,颁布了2017年全年累计新能源汽车产销分别为79.4万辆和77.7万辆,同比增长分别是53.8%和53.3%。
电池是新能源汽车中至关重要的部件,自1991年SONY公司将锂离子电池商业化以来,锂电池从电子产品领域走向电动工具领域,又走向了电动汽车和能源储存领域,已经成为动力电池产品的主体,其高能量密度、大倍率充放电性能和长循环寿命等优点,成为电能存储载体的首选。
另一方面,锂电池所用的电解液是一种会在低温情况下变粘稠甚至凝结的有机液体,这使得锂电池在低温时效率降低。相关的研究显示新能源汽车所用的锂电池最佳放电温度为30-35℃之间,环境温度降低时,蓄电池的内阻增大,电池的放电电流减小,有效可用容量也变小,在环境温度低于零下10℃时对电池充电,会大大减小电池的寿命。因此,对锂电池启动前进行预热,已成为高端电动汽车行业的普遍做法。
加热系统是为了满足低温环境下使电池正常使用,由加热元件和电路组成。我国新能源汽车的电池电压比国外的高,其具有以下优势,一是能量功耗损失小,二是电机驱动功率高。因此,提高电压将是一个发展方向。输出功率相同的情况下,增加电池组电压可以降低工作电流,这对外围器件性能要求较高,高电压的电池组同时也对加热系统中的电路保护器件有更高的要求。
中国专利201420230161.5公开了一种高压直流温度保险丝,可达到15A、450Vdc的高压直流热保护器件。但国内的主流车厂电池组的电压设定都是500Vdc以上,因此市场上需要高压直流的保护器件。
实用新型内容
为了解决上述现有问题,本实用新型的目的在于提供一种高压熔断器,其能够在高压条件下有效地进行保护作用。
本实用新型的目的通过下列技术方案实现:
一种高压熔断器,包括并联连接的温度熔断装置和高压分断装置;高压分断装置包括熔断体,熔断体为n形结构,两端具有并行段;温度熔断装置的电阻值低于熔断体的电阻值,温度熔断装置的熔点低于熔断体的熔点。常用的熔断体包括合金丝。由于高压分断装置的电阻值及熔点高于温度熔断装置的电阻值及熔点,通以额定电流时,主要由温度熔断装置实现大部分的载流能力。在温度熔断装置实现过温熔断瞬间,高压分断装置保持导通状态,电流流经高压分断装置,设定高压分断装置合金丝的载流能力小于额定电流,由于流经过电流,熔断体发热量逐步增加,并自行熔断。在熔断体的分断过程中必然产生电弧,由于n形结构所形成的并行段的设置,存在高电场强度,电子之间相斥,拉长电弧,加快自由电子与正离子的复合与扩散,可实现快速地分断保护行为。
进一步地,高压分断装置还包括设置在熔断体的并行段之间的分断绝缘挡块。该分断绝缘挡块设置为增加爬电距离,提高绝缘耐受能力。
进一步地,温度熔断装置包括表面包覆有助熔断剂的易熔合金。
进一步地,易熔合金为多根并联。因为过粗的易熔合金不利于收缩,因此根据不同载流能力,设计易熔合金截面积,将易熔合金分为多根并联结构。
进一步地,温度熔断装置包括至少两根易熔合金,其中一根的电阻率、熔点低于其它根。
进一步地,易熔合金为两端具有并行段的n形结构,并行段之间设置有熔断绝缘挡块。如此加大两电极间的爬电距离及电气间隙,提高绝缘耐压能力
进一步地,包括左电极片和右电极片,温度熔断装置和高压分断装置的一端分别连接至左电极片,另一端分别连接至右电极片;还包括绝缘壳体,温度熔断装置和高压分断装置封装于绝缘壳体内;左电极片和右电极片从绝缘壳体中伸出作为引出端。
进一步地,绝缘壳体、左电极片、右电极片和高压分断装置围成分断腔,绝缘壳体、左电极片、右电极片和温度熔断装置围成熔断腔。两个分别独立的腔体保证腔体内部件不相互影响,不受污染。
进一步地,分断腔中填充灭弧介质。常用的灭弧介质都可适用于,本申请优选石英砂。在高电压应用时,电弧易造成合金丝产生气化、膨胀,灭弧介质可吸收气化带来的冲击,并遮盖电弧的传递路径,并有利于开路点的绝缘耐压。
进一步地,左电极片和右电极片具有L形连接部,所述L形连接部与所述温度熔断装置垂直焊接。如此增加温度熔断装置的收缩面,使其收缩更彻底,增加两电极平面的电气间隙。
本实用新型的有益效果:
本实用新型的高压熔断器可实现过温熔断功能,由于熔断体的n形结构,可快速的切断电弧,执行高压分断,保护线路的安全。
附图说明
下文将结合下列附图对本实用新型作进一步说明,其中:
图1是根据本实用新型的高压熔断器的电路原理图;
图2是根据本实用新型实施例1的高压熔断器的爆炸示意图;
图3是根据本实用新型实施例1的高压熔断器的纵向剖面示意图;
图4是根据本实用新型实施例1的高压熔断器的温度熔断装置的横向剖面示意图;
图5是根据本实用新型实施例1的高压熔断器的高压分断装置的横向剖面示意图;
图6是根据本实用新型实施例2的高压熔断器的爆炸示意图。
其中:
101 温度熔断装置
102 高压分断装置
103 第一引脚
104 第二引脚
201 外壳
201a 熔断腔
201b 分断腔
202 盖板
203 分断绝缘挡块
204 右电极片
204a 右L形连接部
204b 右侧孔
205 易熔合金
206 左电极片
206a 左L形连接部
206b 左侧孔
207 合金丝
208 助熔断剂
209 石英砂
210 环氧树脂
211 右焊锡
212 左焊锡
301 外壳
302 盖板
302a 熔断绝缘挡块
303 分断绝缘挡块
304 右电极片
304a 右凸台
304b 右侧孔
305 易熔合金
306 左电极片
306a 左凸台
306b 左侧孔
307 合金丝
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本实用新型做具体的介绍。
实施例1
如图1所示,温度熔断装置101和高压分断装置102并联,其中温度熔断装置101执行过温熔断功能,高压分断装置102包括n形结构的合金丝,执行高压分断功能。并有第一引脚103、第二引脚104各连接于两并联点,且引出。由于高压分断装置102的电阻值及熔点高于温度熔断装置101的电阻值及熔点,通以额定电流时,主要由温度熔断装置101实现大部分的载流能力。在温度熔断装置101实现过温熔断瞬间,高压分断装置102保持导通状态,电流流经高压分断装置102,设定高压分断装置102合金丝的载流能力小于额定电流,合金丝由于流经过电流,随着热量的增加,自行熔断,在分断过程中必然产生电弧,由于n形结构所形成的并行段的设置,存在高电场强度,电子之间相斥,拉长电弧,加快自由电子与正离子的复合与扩散,可快速的切断电弧,执行高压分断,保护线路的安全
实施例2
如图2、3、4、5所示,外壳201、盖板202和环氧树脂210所构成的两独立腔室:熔断腔201a、分断腔201b。
设有右电极片204与左电极片206,右电极片204与左电极片206为镜像关系,正对、间隔放置,并从外壳201伸出作为引出端。在右电极片204上的一端分别设有右L形连接部204a和右侧孔204b,对应于左电极片206上的一端分别设有左L形连接部206a和左侧孔206b。
在熔断腔201a中,右L块204a与左L块206a间设有包覆着助熔断剂208的易熔合金205,形成右电极片204、易熔合金205、左电极片206的电气连接,构成温度熔断装置。
在分断腔201b中,右侧孔204b与左侧孔206b之间设有n形的合金丝207,并通过右焊锡211,将合金丝207的一端固定于右电极片204上,通过左焊锡212,将合金丝207的另一端固定于左电极片206上,形成了右电极片204、合金丝207、左电极片206的电气连接,构成高压分断装置主体。在分断腔201b中,合金丝207周围填充石英砂209。在n形合金丝207的并行段间设有分断绝缘挡块203,增加合金丝207断开后右电极片204与左电极片206间的电气间隙及爬电距离。
应用于新能源乘用车加热器的保护时,将高压熔断器串联于加热回路,正常状态下,易熔合金205承担主要载流功能。当出现加热回路的继电器失效,无法断开加热回路时,加热器持续工作,温度异常升高。当温度达到助熔断剂208的软化温度时,助熔断剂208由固态转为液态,开始活化易熔合金205的表面氧化层。当温度达到易熔合金205的熔断温度时,易熔合金205在助熔断剂208的张力作用下,向右L形连接部204a和左L形连接部206a收缩、运动,切断温度熔断装置。所有电流流经合金丝207,并超过合金丝207的载流能力,由于自身的高电阻,促使热量的增加,达到合金丝207的熔点,自行熔断。在分断过程中必然产生电弧,由于n形结构所形成的并行段的设置,存在高电场强度,电子之间相斥,拉长电弧,加快自由电子与正离子的复合与扩散,并有石英砂209可吸收电话气化冲击,分隔电弧。使电弧迅速切断,执行高压分断,保护线路的安全。
实施例3
如图6所示,在外壳301、盖板302所构成的两独立腔室中,各设有右电极片304与左电极片306,右电极片304与左电极片306为镜像关系,正对、间隔放置,右电极片304与左电极片306背对端外露于外壳301。在右电极片304上的一端分别设有右凸台304a和右侧孔304b,对应于左电极片306上的一端分别设有左凸台306a和左侧孔306b。
在外壳301其中一腔室中,右凸台304a与左凸台306a间设有n形包覆着助熔断剂的易熔合金305,形成右电极片304、易熔合金305、左电极片306的电气连接,构成温度熔断装置。并在这一腔室中,在盖板302上设置一熔断绝缘挡块302a,以此来增加易熔合金305断开后的爬电距离和电气间隙。
在外壳301另一腔室中,右侧孔304b与左侧孔306b之间设有n形合金丝307,并通过焊锡将合金丝307的一端固定于右电极片304上的右侧孔304b,另一端固定于左电极片306上左侧孔306b,形成了右电极片304、合金丝307、左电极片306的电气连接,构成高压分断装置主体。并在这一腔室中,合金丝307周围填充石英砂。在n形合金丝307的并行段间设有分断绝缘挡块303,增加合金丝307断开后右电极片304与左电极片306间的电气间隙及爬电距离。
应用于电动大巴加热器的保护时,将高压熔断器串联于加热回路,正常状态下,易熔合金305承担主要载流功能。当出现加热回路的高压继电器失效,无法断开加热回路时,加热器持续工作,温度异常升高。当温度达到助熔断剂的软化温度时,助熔断剂由固态转为液态,开始活化易熔合金305的表面氧化层。当温度达到易熔合金305的熔断温度时,易熔合金305在助熔断剂的张力作用下,向右凸台304a与左凸台306a两侧收缩、运动,切断温度熔断装置。所有电流流经合金丝307,并超过合金丝307的载流能力,由于自身的高电阻,促使热量的增加,达到合金丝307的熔点,自行熔断。在分断过程中必然产生电弧,由于n形结构所形成的并行段的设置,存在高电场强度,电子之间相斥,拉长电弧,加快自由电子与正离子的复合与扩散,并有石英砂可吸收电话气化冲击,分隔电弧。使电弧迅速切断,执行高压分断,保护线路的安全。
应当理解,本实用新型的实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本实用新型所举例,并不用于限制本实用新型,尽管参照实施例对本实用新型进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以在上述说明的基础上进行其它不同形式的变化或修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,但是凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高压熔断器,其特征在于,包括并联连接的温度熔断装置和高压分断装置;所述高压分断装置包括熔断体,所述熔断体为n形结构,两端具有并行段;所述温度熔断装置的电阻值低于所述熔断体的电阻值,所述温度熔断装置的熔点低于所述熔断体的熔点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述高压分断装置还包括设置在熔断体的并行段之间的分断绝缘挡块。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述温度熔断装置包括表面包覆有助熔断剂的易熔合金。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述易熔合金为多根并联。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述温度熔断装置包括至少两根易熔合金,其中一根的电阻率、熔点低于其它根。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述易熔合金为两端具有并行段的n形结构,所述并行段之间设置有熔断绝缘挡块。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,包括左电极片和右电极片,所述温度熔断装置和所述高压分断装置的一端分别连接至所述左电极片,另一端分别连接至所述右电极片;还包括绝缘壳体,所述温度熔断装置和所述高压分断装置封装于所述绝缘壳体内;所述左电极片和所述右电极片从所述绝缘壳体中伸出作为引出端。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述绝缘壳体、左电极片、右电极片和所述高压分断装置围成分断腔,所述绝缘壳体、左电极片、右电极片和所述温度熔断装置围成熔断腔。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述分断腔中填充灭弧介质。
10.根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的高压熔断器,其特征在于,所述左电极片和右电极片具有L形连接部,所述L形连接部与所述温度熔断装置垂直焊接。
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