CN207958061U - 一种山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统 - Google Patents
一种山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN207958061U CN207958061U CN201721772016.XU CN201721772016U CN207958061U CN 207958061 U CN207958061 U CN 207958061U CN 201721772016 U CN201721772016 U CN 201721772016U CN 207958061 U CN207958061 U CN 207958061U
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- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，它由依次布设的沉淀消能池（1）、组合模块式大坡度径流控制滤池（2）、微型水景滞存系统（3）、复杂地质条件促渗区（4）、径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池（5）组成。本实用新型的优点是：1、适用于地面坡度较大、冲刷强烈的山地城市暴雨径流控制；2、实现了暴雨水量的削减和污染的控制；3、具有消能、滞蓄、渗滤和造景功能；4、提高了冲击负荷的能力强，去除N、P效果好。
Description
一种山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于雨水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种集雨水消能、滞蓄、渗滤和造景 功能于一体的组合式雨水径流处理系统，特别适用于山地城市暴雨径流水量和水质的控 制。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来，随着城市化进程的推进以及全球气候变化带来的极端天气，城市暴雨径 流产生的危害日益凸显。一方面，由于城市下垫面不透水率的增加，地面径流系数增大，暴 雨产生的径流量急剧增大，使得越来越多的城市出现内涝问题;另一方面，在暴雨径流的冲 刷作用下，城市下垫面累积的污染物随径流进入水体，造成严重的面源污染，成为水体污染 的主要途径之一。因此，暴雨径流的有效控制技术是解决城市内涝、降低水环境污染的关 键。
[0003] 在海绵城市理念的指导下，我国在降雨径流控制技术的研宄上取得了一定的进 展。但多以单一功能的技术应用为主，缺乏多类技术组合的尝试，难以实现水量和水质的同 时控制，也难以抵御水量水质变化带来的冲击负荷。特别地，山地城市具有地面坡度大、暴 雨冲刷强烈、水流速度快、水流携带的能量大等特点，而传统的径流控制技术流程较短，难 以在山地城市取得良好效果。 实用新型内容
[0004] 针对现有技术存在的问题，本实用新型所要解决的技术问题就是提供一种山地城 市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，它能集雨水消能、滞蓄、渗滤和造景功能于一体，为山地 城市暴雨径流的调蓄和雨水净化处理提供一种有效方案。
[0005]本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是通过这样的技术方案实现的，它由依次布设的 沉淀消能池、组合模块式大坡度径流控制滤池、微型水景滞存系统、复杂地质条件促渗区、 径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池组成。
[0006]与现有技术相比，本实用新型的优点是：1、适用于地面坡度较大、冲刷强烈的山地 城市暴雨径流控制;2、实现了暴雨水量的削减和污染的控制；3、具有消能、滞蓄、渗滤和造 景功能;4、提高了冲击负荷的能力强，去除N、p效果好。
附图说明
[0007] 本实用新型的附图说明如下：
[0008] 图1为本实用新型的组合结构图；
[0009] 图2为图1中沉淀消能池的结构示意图；
[0010]图3为图1中组合模块式大坡度径流控制滤池的结构示意图；
[0011]图4为图1中微型水景滞存系统的结构示意图；
[0012]图5为图1中复杂地质条件促渗区的结构示意图；
[0013] 图6为图1中径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池的结构示意图。
[0014] 图1中：1.沉淀消能池;2.组合模块式大坡度径流控制滤池;3.微型水景滞存系统； 4.复杂地质条件促渗区;5.径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池；
[0015]图3中:6 •第一布水渠;7.第一滞水层;8 •第一种植基质层;9.储水层；10.第一穿孔 排水管；11.溢流井；
[0016]图5中：12.第二滞水层；13•第二种植基质层；14.第一排水层；15第二.穿孔排水 管；
[0017]图6中：I6 •第三滞水层；I7 •第二布水渠；18 •第三种植基质层；19 •填料层;20.第二 排水层；21.导水管。
具体实施方式
[0018]下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明：
[0019]如图1所示，本实用新型由依次布设的沉淀消能池1、组合模块式大坡度径流控制 滤池2、微型水景滞存系统3、复杂地质条件促渗区4、径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池5组成。 [0020]雨水径流首先进入沉淀消能池1，经消能和预沉淀后，雨水径流溢流进入组合模块 式大坡度径流控制滤池2的第一布水渠，实现均匀配水;雨水由溢流井进入微型水景滞存系 统3,当降雨历时过长或降雨强度过大时，进入微型水景滞存系统的雨水量超过微型水景 的设计调蓄容量后，微型水景滞存系统将溢流进入复杂地质条件促渗区4,从复杂地质条件 促渗区4的排水管排出的过剩径流进入径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池5,雨水由径流入湖 强化侧向流生物滤池5向水体排水。
[0021]本实用新型为两级消能、一级滞蓄和三级渗滤:沉淀消能池1进行初级消能;组合 模块式大坡度径流控制滤池2通过延长流程的方式实施二级消能，并对初期重污染径流进 行一级渗滤;微型水景滞存系统3主要功能是滞蓄；复杂地质条件促渗区4对雨水进行二级 渗滤，径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池为第三级渗滤。
[0022]如图2所示，沉淀消能池1内投放的大型长江石和卵石，能够应对来水冲刷和分散 水流，使得水流速度减缓，部分泥沙得到沉淀。沉淀消能池也具备一定的下渗能力，起到削 减暴雨径流的作用。经消能和沉淀后的雨水溢流进入下一环节。
[0023 ]沉淀消能池1停留时间按6 0〜9 0 s计，池壁采用钢筋混凝土墙，以保证暴雨期雨水 冲刷时的结构强度。池内投放大型长江石和卵石，以应对来水冲刷和分散水流。底部采用 300〜500mm砾石衬底，以强化雨水的下渗。
[0024] _如图3所示，组合模块式大坡度径流控制滤池2由多个阶梯式滤池单元组成，每个 滤池单元的内侧边设有第一布水渠6，滤池单元中从上至下包括第一滞水层7、第一种植基 质层8和储水层9,储水层9内部安装有向下一级滤池单元排水的第一穿孔排水管1〇，最后 一级滤池单元设有低于外墙的溢流井丨i。雨水通过溢流井n进入微型水景滞存系统3。
[0025]第一滞水层7提供地表径流暂时的储存滞留与颗粒污染物的沉降；第一种植基质 层8的填料逐级变化，以河砂为主，搭配不同比例的紫色土，植物选择高大禾草类草本植物 亡草、玉市草和狼尾草;储水层9由粒径为20〜40mm的烁石组成，储水层表层铺设土工布，防 止种植基层土壤颗粒向下迀移而堵塞储水层9内部的第一穿孔排水管10。
[0026]第一布水渠6用于均匀配水，初期重污染径流在第一滞水层7中停留，部分ss得以 沉淀。随后渗入第一种植基层8,经植物的吸收和砂土的吸附，部分溶解态的N、P得以拦截， 滤后水最后由储水层9中的第一穿孔排水管10进行收集，输送到下一级滤池单元。这种阶梯 式多级渗滤在坡度较陡的地方修建，不仅能提高初期径流的处理效果，还延长了径流流程， 进一步起到消能作用。阶梯式的跌水还能增加水中溶解氧，促进硝化反应的进行。
[0027]如图4所示，所述微型水景滞存系统3为一种注重景观化的表面流人工湿地，水力 停留时间按2.0〜4 • Oh计，平均水深为1.0〜2 • 0m。池底敷设卵石，便于微生物的附着生长。 微型水景内的植物以睡莲、石菖蒲和水竹芋为主，池周搭配美人蕉、芦竹、棕竹等，美人蕉， 株距在0.4〜0.6m。
[0028]微型水景滞存系统3的水力停留较长，对径流起到滞留作用，同时利用水景中植 物、基质、微生物等的共同作用对径流起到净化作用，尤其是容易在底部形成缺氧环境，有 利于反硝化的进行。
[0029] 如图5所示，复杂地质条件促渗区4是由700〜1000mm深的砂质壤土及种植其上的 植物组成的促渗减流设施。它由上至下覆盖有第二滞水层12、第二种植基质层13和第一排 水层14,第二种植基质层13的填料为50mm厚80%河砂混20%紫色土，植被选择斑叶芒;第一 排水层14由粒径为30〜40mm的碎石组成，用于延长地表径流向深层土壤的渗透时间，第一 排水层14的砾石中设有第二穿孔排水管15。外墙为溢流墙。
[0030]雨水进入复杂地质条件促渗区4,通过第二滞水层12暂时填洼蓄水和向深层土壤 入渗。第二种植基质层13的植物根系发达有利于促进地表径流的快速入渗削减径流量，同 时回补地下水。当亚表层土壤渗透率较低时，未入渗的径流暂时滞留在第一排水层14的碎 石间隙中，给径流提供时间继续向深层土壤入渗，过多的径流可通过在碎石层设置第二穿 孔排水管15,排放至下一处理系统。雨水径流中的污染物主通过沉淀与基质过滤、吸附而去 除。
[0031]如图6所示，径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池5由多个阶梯式生物滤池单元组成，每 个生物滤池单元的内侧设有第二布水渠17,生物滤池单元中从上至下包括第三滞水层16、 第三种植基质层18、填料层19和第二排水层20,第二排水层(20)底部通过导水管(21)连通 至下一级生物滤池单元的第二布水渠(17)，最后一级生物滤池单元通过溢流排水。
[0032] 第三种植基质层18顺着处理流程河砂的比例逐渐降低，渗透率逐渐下降，种植植 被选择吸磷能力较强的铜钱草和菖蒲，种植密度选择20株加2。填料层19中的滤料随流程改 变，第一段滤池以沸石为滤料，第二段滤池以陶粒为滤料，设置反硝化作用区；第三段滤池 以功能性填料包括海绵铁、铁矿石、炉渣等为填料。
[0033] 径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池5是集渗滤、吸附以及生物转化于一体的三段滤池 系统，径流流态为垂向流。水流在第三滞水层16中暂时停留，随后渗入第三种植基质层18下 部的填料层19，第一级滤池的沸石滤料吸附NH4+-N并发生硝化作用;第二级滤池的陶粒滤 料在缺氧条件促进反硝化脱N作用;第三级滤池的功能性滤料能加强对可溶态P的吸附。
Claims (6)
1. 一种山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，其特征是：由依次布设的沉淀消能池 (1)、组合模块式大坡度径流控制滤池（2)、微型水景滞存系统（3)、复杂地质条件促渗区 (4)、径流入湖强化侧向流生物滤池⑸组成。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，其特征是:沉淀消能 池（1)池壁为钢筋混凝土墙，池底为300〜500mm烁石衬底，池底上放置大型长江石和卵石。
3.根据权利要求2所述的山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，其特征是:组合模块 式大坡度径流控制滤池(2)由多个阶梯式滤池单元组成，每个滤池单元的内侧边设有第一 布水渠(6)，滤池单元中从上至下包括第一滞水层(7)、第一种植基质层(8)和储水层(9)，储 水层(9)内部安装有向下一级滤池单元排水的第一穿孔排水管（1〇)，最后一级滤池单元设 有低于外墙的溢流井(11)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，其特征是:微型水景 滞存系统(3)为表面流人工湿地。
5.根据权利要求4所述的山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，其特征是:复杂地质 条件促渗区⑷由上至下覆盖有第二滞水层(12)、第二种植基质层(13)和第一排水层(14)， 第一排水层(14)的砾石中设有第二穿孔排水管(15)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的山地城市暴雨径流调蓄及雨水处理系统，其特征是:径流入湖 强化侧向流生物滤池(5)由多个阶梯式生物滤池单元组成，每个生物滤池单元的内侧设有 第二布水渠（17)，生物滤池单元中从上至下包括第三滞水层（16)、第三种植基质层（18)、填 料层（I9)和第二排水层(20)，第二排水层(20)底部通过导水管(21)连通至下一级生物滤池 单元的第二布水渠(17)，最后一级生物滤池单元通过溢流排水。
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| CN111039411A (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 广州城建职业学院 | 一种局部大坡度生态沟渠处理农田面源污染水体的方法 |
| CN112875866A (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 北京首创股份有限公司 | 处理合流制污水和村镇污水场站尾水的生态湿地系统 |
| CN113201992A (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-03 | 河南城建学院 | 高速公路路面径流的阶梯形生物滞留装置 |
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| CN112875866A (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 北京首创股份有限公司 | 处理合流制污水和村镇污水场站尾水的生态湿地系统 |
| CN113201992A (zh) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-03 | 河南城建学院 | 高速公路路面径流的阶梯形生物滞留装置 |
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