CN207882346U - A kind of experimental provision measuring solid dielectric relative dielectric constant - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型属于介电常数测量装置领域，并公开了一种测量固体介质相对介电常数的实验装置。该装置包括底座、下极板、罩壳、轴套和移动轴，下极板设置在底座上，移动轴呈T型，T型的水平部分为上极板，上极板与下极板相对平行设置，T型的竖直轴部分外表面设置有与螺母配合的螺纹，螺母旋转使得移动轴上下运动，进而调整上下极板之间的间距，其中，螺母旋转过程中通过限位元件限制其竖直方向的位移，限位元件包括轴套和罩壳，轴套用于限制螺母向下移动，罩壳上设置有台阶位，台阶位与螺母配合限制其向上移动。通过本实用新型，解决由于直接旋转移动轴改变上下极板之间的平行度而引起的测量误差，结构简单，制造成本低，测量精度高，使用范围广。
The utility model belongs to the field of dielectric constant measuring devices and discloses an experimental device for measuring the relative dielectric constant of a solid medium. The device includes a base, a lower pole plate, a casing, a shaft sleeve and a moving shaft. The lower pole plate is arranged on the base, and the moving shaft is T-shaped. The horizontal part of the T-shape is the upper pole plate, and the upper pole plate is opposite to the lower pole plate. Arranged in parallel, the outer surface of the vertical shaft part of the T-shape is provided with a thread that cooperates with the nut, and the rotation of the nut makes the moving shaft move up and down, thereby adjusting the distance between the upper and lower plates. For displacement in the vertical direction, the limiting element includes a shaft sleeve and a casing. The shaft sleeve is used to restrict the nut from moving downward. The casing is provided with a step, and the step cooperates with the nut to limit its upward movement. The utility model solves the measurement error caused by directly rotating the moving shaft to change the parallelism between the upper and lower pole plates, and has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high measurement accuracy and wide application range.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于介电常数测量装置领域，更具体地，涉及一种测量固体介质相对介电常数的实验装置。The utility model belongs to the field of dielectric constant measuring devices, in particular to an experimental device for measuring the relative dielectric constant of a solid medium.
背景技术Background technique
介质在外加电场时会产生感应电荷而削弱电场，介质中电场与原外加电场(真空中)的比值即为相对介电常数，又称诱电率，与频率相关,介电常数是相对介电常数与真空中绝对介电常数乘积，如果有高介电常数的材料放在电场中，电场的强度会在电介质内有可观的下降，理想导体内部由于静电屏蔽场强总为零，故其介电常数为无穷。相对介电常数，其值等于以预测材料为介质与以真空为介质制成的同尺寸电容器电容量之比，该值也是材料贮电能力的表征，也称为相对电容率，不同材料不同温度下的相对介电常数不同，利用这一特性可以制成不同性能规格的电容器或有关元件。When the medium is applied with an electric field, it will generate induced charges and weaken the electric field. The ratio of the electric field in the medium to the original applied electric field (in vacuum) is the relative permittivity, also known as the dielectric constant, which is related to frequency. The permittivity is the relative permittivity The product of the constant and the absolute permittivity in vacuum. If a material with a high permittivity is placed in the electric field, the strength of the electric field will drop considerably in the dielectric. Because the electrostatic shielding field strength inside the ideal conductor is always zero, its dielectric The electrical constant is infinite. Relative permittivity, its value is equal to the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor of the same size made of the predicted material as the medium and the vacuum as the medium. This value is also a characterization of the material's electricity storage capacity, also known as the relative permittivity. Different materials have different temperatures The relative dielectric constant is different, and capacitors or related components with different performance specifications can be made by using this characteristic.
相对介电常数εr可以用静电场用如下方式测量：首先在两块极板之间为真空的时候测试电容器的电容C0，然后，用同样的电容极板间距离但在极板间加入电介质后测得电容Cx，然后相对介电常数可以用下式计算The relative permittivity ε r can be measured with an electrostatic field as follows: First, measure the capacitance C 0 of the capacitor when there is a vacuum between the two plates, and then, use the same capacitance distance between the plates but add The capacitance C x is measured after the dielectric, and then the relative permittivity can be calculated with the following formula
相对介电常数是反映电介质材料在静电场中极化特性的物理参数，用于衡量绝缘体储存电能的性能，不同材料的相对介电常数不同，利用这一特性可以制成不同性能规格的电容器或有关元件，从而应用到科学研究与工业生产的各个领域，理解介电常数的物理意义和测量原理，掌握固体介质相对介电常数的测定方法，是高校理工类实验中的重要内容，然而，当前的测量介电常数的设备大都不适用于实验室的应用环境，存在设计不合理、测量结果不够准确等缺点，为此研制出了一种新型的测量固体介质相对介电常数的实验装置。Relative permittivity is a physical parameter that reflects the polarization characteristics of dielectric materials in an electrostatic field. It is used to measure the performance of insulators for storing electrical energy. Different materials have different relative permittivity. Using this characteristic, capacitors or capacitors with different performance specifications can be made. Related components are applied to various fields of scientific research and industrial production, understanding the physical meaning and measurement principle of the dielectric constant, and mastering the measurement method of the relative dielectric constant of the solid medium are important contents in the science and engineering experiments of colleges and universities. However, currently Most of the equipment for measuring the dielectric constant is not suitable for the application environment of the laboratory, and there are shortcomings such as unreasonable design and inaccurate measurement results. Therefore, a new type of experimental device for measuring the relative dielectric constant of solid media has been developed.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本实用新型提供了一种测量固体介质相对介电常数的实验装置，通过移动轴和螺母设计，与现有技术中直接旋转移动轴相比，其目的在于在通过旋转螺母使得移动轴上下移动，从而调整上下极板之间的距离，由此解决由于直接旋转移动轴改变上下极板之间的平行度而引起的测量误差的技术问题。Aiming at the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the utility model provides an experimental device for measuring the relative permittivity of a solid medium, through the design of the moving shaft and the nut, compared with the direct rotation of the moving shaft in the prior art, its purpose It is to make the moving shaft move up and down by rotating the nut, thereby adjusting the distance between the upper and lower plates, thereby solving the technical problem of measurement error caused by directly rotating the moving shaft to change the parallelism between the upper and lower plates.
为实现上述目的，按照本实用新型，提供了一种测量固体介质相对介电常数的实验装置，其特征在于，该装置包括底座、下极板、罩壳、轴套和移动轴，In order to achieve the above object, according to the utility model, an experimental device for measuring the relative dielectric constant of a solid medium is provided, which is characterized in that the device includes a base, a lower plate, a casing, a shaft sleeve and a moving shaft,
所述底座是其他元件的载体，所述下极板设置在该底座上，所述移动轴呈T型，该T型的水平部分为上极板，该上极板与所述下极板相对平行设置，所述T型的竖直轴部分外表面设置有与螺母配合的螺纹，该螺母旋转使得所述移动轴上下运动，进而调整所述上下极板之间的间距，其中，所述螺母旋转过程中通过限位元件使其不发生竖直方向的位移，该限位元件包括设置在所述螺母下方的轴套和罩壳，所述轴套套在所述移动轴的竖直轴上，用于限制所述螺母向下移动，所述罩壳上设置有台阶位，该台阶位与所述螺母配合限制其向上移动；The base is the carrier of other components, the lower pole plate is arranged on the base, the moving shaft is T-shaped, the horizontal part of the T-shape is the upper pole plate, and the upper pole plate is opposite to the lower pole plate Arranged in parallel, the outer surface of the vertical shaft part of the T-shape is provided with a screw thread that cooperates with the nut, and the rotation of the nut makes the moving shaft move up and down, thereby adjusting the distance between the upper and lower plates, wherein the nut During the rotation process, the displacement in the vertical direction is prevented by the limiting element. The limiting element includes a sleeve and a casing arranged under the nut, and the sleeve is sleeved on the vertical shaft of the moving shaft. For restricting the nut from moving downward, the casing is provided with a step, and the step cooperates with the nut to restrict its upward movement;
此外，所述上下极板上分别连接有导线，通过该导线与外界的测量仪器连接。In addition, wires are respectively connected to the upper and lower plates, and are connected to external measuring instruments through the wires.
进一步优选地，所述底座上设置有盖板，用于放置所述罩壳。Further preferably, a cover plate is provided on the base for placing the cover.
进一步优选地，所述底座、盖板和罩壳的材料采用绝缘材料。Further preferably, the base, the cover and the casing are made of insulating materials.
进一步优选地，所述移动轴的竖直轴外表面设置有凹槽，在所述盖板上设置有该凹槽配合的凸台，用于确保所述T型构件上下移动的垂直度。Further preferably, a groove is provided on the outer surface of the vertical axis of the moving shaft, and a boss matched with the groove is provided on the cover plate to ensure the verticality of the vertical movement of the T-shaped member.
进一步优选地，所述盖板上设置有两个接线孔，分别与所述导线连接。Further preferably, two wiring holes are provided on the cover plate, respectively connected to the wires.
进一步优选地，所述罩壳的上方设置有通孔，用于放置千分表测量头。Further preferably, a through hole is provided on the upper side of the casing for placing a dial gauge measuring head.
总体而言，通过本实用新型所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，能够取得下列有益效果：Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1、本实用新型通过采用移动轴的设计，使得上极板和该移动轴的竖直轴为一个整体，与现有技术相比，减少上极板与竖直轴装配过程中的误差，从而改变上极板的水平度，进而改变上下极板之间的平行度，影响测量结果的准确性；1. The utility model adopts the design of the moving shaft, so that the upper pole plate and the vertical axis of the moving shaft are integrated. Compared with the prior art, the error in the assembly process of the upper pole plate and the vertical shaft is reduced, thereby Change the levelness of the upper plate, and then change the parallelism between the upper and lower plates, affecting the accuracy of the measurement results;
2、本实用新型通过采用移动轴和螺母的配合，螺母在旋转过程中，螺母和移动轴要发生相对运动，通过限制螺母的上下移动，使得移动轴上下运动而不旋转，不改变上下极板的平行度；此外，由于移动轴不发生旋转，使得上下极板之间圆周上不发生相对位移，不发生转动，使得设备在测量过程中，保证了整个测量过程的系统环境恒定,与初始状态相比，减少变量，提高测量精度；2. The utility model adopts the cooperation between the moving shaft and the nut. During the rotation of the nut, the nut and the moving shaft will move relative to each other. By restricting the up and down movement of the nut, the moving shaft moves up and down without rotating, and does not change the upper and lower plates. In addition, because the moving axis does not rotate, so that there is no relative displacement and no rotation on the circumference between the upper and lower plates, so that the equipment ensures that the system environment of the entire measurement process is constant during the measurement process, which is consistent with the initial state Compared with other methods, the variables are reduced and the measurement accuracy is improved;
3、本实用新型通过采用不旋转的移动轴的设计，增大了上下极板之间的可调距离，因而使得上下极板的截面面积可以根据待测物体的截面积设定，不受待测物体的尺寸影响，扩大使用范围；3. The utility model increases the adjustable distance between the upper and lower pole plates by adopting the design of the non-rotating moving shaft, so that the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower pole plates can be set according to the cross-sectional area of the object to be measured, and is not affected by the Measure the size of the object and expand the scope of use;
4、本实用新型通过采用移动轴上下移动来改变上下极板的距离，当利用千分表测量上极板移动的距离时，与现有的测量介电常数的实验装置相比，有效的避开了空程差的问题；4. The utility model changes the distance of the upper and lower pole plates by moving the moving shaft up and down. When using a dial indicator to measure the moving distance of the upper pole plate, compared with the existing experimental device for measuring the dielectric constant, it can effectively avoid Opened the problem of space difference;
5、本实用新型提供的实验装置结构简单，制造成本低，操作方便、测量精度高，使用范围广。5. The experimental device provided by the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenient operation, high measurement accuracy and wide application range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是按照本实用新型的优选实施例所构建的实验装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same elements or structures, wherein:
1-底座 2-盖板 3-罩壳 4-轴套 5-螺母 6-千分表测量头 7-千分表 8-移动轴9-接线柱 11-导线 13-底脚 14-上极板 15-下极板 16-千分表1-base 2-cover plate 3-housing 4-shaft sleeve 5-nut 6-dial gauge measuring head 7-dial gauge 8-moving shaft 9-terminal post 11-wire 13-foot 14-upper plate 15- lower plate 16- dial indicator
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本实用新型，并不用于限定本实用新型。此外，下面所描述的本实用新型各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute conflicts with each other.
图1是按照本实用新型的优选实施例所构建的实验装置结构示意图，如图1所示，一种测量固体介质相对介电常数的实验装置，该装置包括底座1，下极板15、移动轴8、螺母5、轴套4、盖板2，罩壳3、导线11和接线柱9。底座1呈U型，下极板15设置在底座1中，盖板2设置在底座 1上方，与底座相连，移动轴8呈T型，T型的水平部分为上极板14，上极板14与下极板15相对平行设置，上极板14和下极板15之间用于放置待测物体，T型的竖直轴部分外表面设置有外螺纹，螺母5与外螺纹配合，旋转螺母时，由于螺母的上下运动被限制，从而使得移动轴上下移动，进而调整上下极板之间的距离，罩壳3上设置有台阶位，该台阶位与螺母配合，限制螺母的向上运动，螺母的下方设置有轴套4，轴套4套在T型的竖直轴上，罩壳3设置在盖板2上，下极板15和移动轴8均采用铝合金制作，横截面为圆形，面积相等，盖板2、底座1和罩壳3均为绝缘材料，罩壳3上方设置有通孔，千分表的测量头穿过该通孔与T型的竖直轴顶端接触，通过测量装夹待测物前后的高度差获得待测物的厚度；上下极板上分别连接有导线11，导线与接线柱9连接，外界的测量仪，例如万用电桥，通过导线柱与上下极板导通，，底座下方设置有多个底脚13，用于支撑整个装置。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental device structure constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in Fig. 1, a kind of experimental device for measuring the relative dielectric constant of solid medium, this device comprises base 1, lower pole plate 15, mobile Shaft 8, nut 5, axle sleeve 4, cover plate 2, case 3, wire 11 and terminal post 9. The base 1 is U-shaped, the lower plate 15 is set in the base 1, the cover plate 2 is set above the base 1, and connected with the base, the moving shaft 8 is T-shaped, and the horizontal part of the T-shape is the upper plate 14, and the upper plate 14 is relatively parallel to the lower pole plate 15, and the object to be measured is placed between the upper pole plate 14 and the lower pole plate 15. The outer surface of the T-shaped vertical shaft part is provided with external threads, and the nut 5 cooperates with the external threads and rotates When the nut is used, the vertical movement of the nut is restricted, so that the moving shaft moves up and down, and then the distance between the upper and lower plates is adjusted. There is a step on the casing 3, and the step cooperates with the nut to limit the upward movement of the nut. A shaft sleeve 4 is arranged under the nut, and the shaft sleeve 4 is set on the T-shaped vertical shaft. The casing 3 is arranged on the cover plate 2. The lower pole plate 15 and the moving shaft 8 are made of aluminum alloy, and the cross section is circular. The cover plate 2, the base 1 and the casing 3 are all insulating materials, and a through hole is arranged on the top of the casing 3, and the measuring head of the dial indicator passes through the through hole and contacts with the top of the vertical shaft of the T shape. The thickness of the object to be tested is obtained by measuring the height difference before and after clamping the object to be tested; the upper and lower plates are respectively connected with wires 11, and the wires are connected to the terminal 9, and an external measuring instrument, such as a universal bridge, is connected to the wire through the wire post. The upper and lower plates are connected, and a plurality of feet 13 are arranged under the base to support the whole device.
下面将介绍本实验装置的测量使用过程。The measurement process of this experimental device will be introduced below.
转动螺母5，使上极板14与下极板15的间距为零，按下千分表的归零键，转动螺母5，使上极板,14上升略大于被测材料厚度的高度，平行放入被测材料，转动螺母5使上极板14下降并压紧被测材料，读取此时的千分表示数并记录，重复该步骤5次，每次使上极板,14上升后都将被测材料以中心线为轴转动一定的角度再压紧，分别记录5次的千分表示数，平均值为被测材料的厚度，将万用电桥通过接线柱与实验装置连接，转动螺母5 使上极板14略微上升，取出被测材料，待万用电桥示数稳定后记录读数，同时记下此时的千分表示数，保持螺母5不动，重新将被测材料平行放入上极板,14与下极板15之间，待万用电桥示数稳定后记录读数。将实验数据代入公式换算求出被测介质的相对介电常数。Turn the nut 5 so that the distance between the upper pole plate 14 and the lower pole plate 15 is zero, press the zero return key of the dial gauge, and turn the nut 5 so that the upper pole plate 14 rises to a height slightly greater than the thickness of the material to be measured, parallel Put in the material to be tested, turn the nut 5 to lower the upper pole plate 14 and press the tested material, read and record the thousandth indication at this time, repeat this step 5 times, each time the upper pole plate 14 rises Rotate the material to be tested at a certain angle with the center line as the axis and then press it tightly, record the number in thousandths for 5 times, the average value is the thickness of the material to be tested, connect the universal bridge to the experimental device through the terminal, Turn the nut 5 to make the upper pole plate 14 rise slightly, take out the material to be tested, record the reading after the reading of the universal bridge is stable, and write down the thousandth indication at this time, keep the nut 5 still, and put the material under test again Put it between the upper pole plate 14 and the lower pole plate 15 in parallel, and record the reading after the reading of the universal bridge is stable. Substitute the experimental data into the formula to calculate the relative permittivity of the measured medium.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and modifications made within the spirit and principles of the utility model Improvements and the like should all be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721756877.9U CN207882346U (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | A kind of experimental provision measuring solid dielectric relative dielectric constant |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107942143A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of experimental provision for measuring solid dielectric relative dielectric constant |
| CN114910827A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-16 | 滁州市技术监督检测中心 | Device for detecting the influence of locking on the capacitance of a variable capacitor |
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2017
- 2017-12-15 CN CN201721756877.9U patent/CN207882346U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107942143A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of experimental provision for measuring solid dielectric relative dielectric constant |
| CN107942143B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-02-06 | 华中科技大学 | An experimental device for measuring the relative dielectric constant of solid media |
| CN114910827A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-16 | 滁州市技术监督检测中心 | Device for detecting the influence of locking on the capacitance of a variable capacitor |
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