CN207845153U - 用于产生合成气的设备 - Google Patents

用于产生合成气的设备 Download PDF

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CN207845153U
CN207845153U CN201721705021.9U CN201721705021U CN207845153U CN 207845153 U CN207845153 U CN 207845153U CN 201721705021 U CN201721705021 U CN 201721705021U CN 207845153 U CN207845153 U CN 207845153U
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equipment
cooling
stream
component devices
synthesis gas
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露西·肖贝
弗雷德里克·博纳内
卡米耶·布埃
霍尔格·施利希廷
马克·瓦格纳尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及用于产生合成气的设备，所述设备包括将空气分馏以提供氧气、氮气和尾气的组成设备，将含烃燃料气化以提供粗合成气的组成设备，以及利用低温吸收，通过除去酸气来清洁所述粗合成气的组成设备，其中利用压缩冷却剂回路来冷却吸收剂，并且利用在所述空气分馏中获得的尾气通过蒸发冷却来冷却所使用的冷却水。

Description

用于产生合成气的设备
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种从含烃燃料以及空气和水蒸气出发，产生主要由一氧化碳和氢气构成并且已除去酸气的合成气的设备。
背景技术
用于实施本实用新型的基础的方法(低温空气分馏，从含碳燃料产生合成气以及从所述(粗)合成气低温分离酸气)形成现有技术的一部分。
低温空气分馏、也被称为低温分馏，自20世纪20年代就已被知晓，其原理描述在例如《Ullmann工业化学百科全书》(Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry)第6版，第10卷，第39，40页中。就合成气生产而言，已知的空气分馏方法常常利用双塔精馏，因为这不仅产生氧气料流，而且还产生纯氮气料流，其可常常用于与合成气生产的下游相关的设备中。常用于合成气生产的一种双塔精馏的设计描述在教科书《气化》(Gasification)第二版(Christopher Higman,Maarten van der Burgt,Gulf Professional Publishing(海湾职业出版社),Elsevier(爱思唯尔),伯灵顿，美国)中。
在这种设计中，将从环境吸入的空气料流压缩并进行初步纯化，在所述纯化中，在吸收步骤中除去水分和长链烃类分子，然后利用分子筛除去二氧化碳和剩余的烃类。然后将这样处理的空气料流与离开双塔精馏的产物料流(氧气、氮气和尾气)进行热交换。
所述热交换进行到所述压缩的空气被冷却到其冷凝温度并且所述产物料流被升温至环境温度为止。这种方法常常以使氮气产物料流在所述热交换和同时的升温至室温之后具有约5-6巴的升高的压力的方式进行。这种氮气可用于其他设备的用途，或者例如在膨胀和冷却后，用于空气分馏设备所使用的空气的初步冷却。
所述空气分馏中产生的氧气随后与水蒸气料流一起，用于含烃燃料的转化，也被称为气化，以提供主要由氢气和一氧化碳构成的合成气。使用的燃料通常是煤、焦炭或天然气，但也可以是液体烃类或生物质。对于相应的燃料已开发了大量方法和反应器类型。这些气化方法的概述也例如由上面提到的教科书《气化》(Gasification)给出。
原则上，所有这些气化方法都可用于本实用新型。
为了进一步使用所述合成气，例如作为原材料用于生产甲醇、氨或氢气，或作为燃料气体，必需从其中分离出二氧化碳和硫化氢，它们通常被合称为酸气。这通过低温吸收方法非常有效地实现，在所述方法中，使用冷却至低温的甲醇作为吸收剂。自20世纪50年代以来，这种方法已被称为“低温甲醇洗工艺”(Rectisol process)。关于这种方法的描述提供在例如《乌尔曼工业化学百科全书》(Ullmann's Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry)第6版，第15卷，第399ff页中。在这种工艺中，所述酸气在塔中被逆向流动的低温甲醇洗掉。在所谓的标准低温甲醇洗工艺中，二氧化碳和硫化氢这两种酸气都在塔中被洗掉。待洗涤的合成气在底部进入塔内，在塔的下部中主要洗掉硫化氢，然后在上部中主要洗掉二氧化碳。在甲醇的再生中，所述酸气作为气体混合物被获得并移除，以备进一步处理。对于打算分开地获得二氧化碳和硫化氢的情况来，开发了所谓的选择性低温甲醇洗方法。在这种方法中，待清洁的合成气流过连续排列的两个洗涤塔或吸收塔。硫化氢在第一个塔中被移除，二氧化碳在第二个塔中被移除。由此所述气体保持分离，随后可以各自从满载(laden)甲醇中被赶出。对于本实用新型来说，有可能使用标准和选择性低温甲醇洗两种方法。通过从吸收塔取出由于所述吸收而被加热的满载甲醇料流，通过与冷却介质进行热交换将它冷却，然后将它进料回到塔中，来建立所述方法所需的甲醇的低温。使用的冷却介质通常是氨，其相应地在压缩冷却设备中被冷却。在所述压缩冷却设备中转移到所述冷却介质的压缩能，导致所述冷却介质的加热。通过与冷却水的热交换，这种热量再次从所述冷却介质中移除。所述冷却水本身，在与所述冷却介质进行热交换之前，通过蒸发冷却来冷却。
所述方法需要高的电能支出，特别是在通过空气分馏生产气化剂和除去酸气的步骤中，例如用于空气分馏所用空气的压缩和用于吸收剂制冷的压缩冷却设备中所用的冷却剂的压缩。
因此，本实用新型致力解决的问题是提供现有技术设备的一种变体，其操作具有较低的电能消耗。
实用新型内容
所述问题通过以下设备得以解决。
用于产生合成气的设备，其包含下述组成设备和装置：
a)用于空气分馏的设备，所述设备使用根据升高的压力下的低温精馏原理进行工作的空气分馏设备，其适合于产生处于升高的压力和环境温度下的气态氮料流和气态氧料流以及尾气料流，
b)使用气化剂转化含碳燃料以提供主要包含氢气和一氧化碳的合成气的设备，其中组成设备a)和b)相连，使得在组成设备a)中产生的氧气可以被添加到在组成设备b)中使用的所述气化剂，
c)通过在低温下使用液体吸收剂进行吸收，从组成设备b)中产生的粗合成气中除去酸气二氧化碳和硫化氢的设备，
d)压缩制冷设备，其包含冷却剂，用于将所述液体吸收剂冷却到低温吸收所需的低温，其中所述压缩制冷设备包含冷却剂回路，所述冷却剂在所述冷却剂回路中被压缩并因此被加热，并通过随后与冷却水的热交换而被冷却和冷凝，
e)用于将冷却水进行冷却的蒸发冷却器，
f)任选的膨胀涡轮机，其用于膨胀在组成设备a)中产生的氮气料流。
在本实用新型的一个方面，所述蒸发冷却器使用在组成设备a)中产生的尾气料流来进行蒸发冷却，和/或使用膨胀后的氮气料流来进行蒸发冷却。
在本实用新型的一个方面，所述压缩制冷设备还使用膨胀后的氮气料流来进行冷却剂回路中的冷却剂的冷却。所述液体吸收剂是甲醇，和/或所述冷却剂是氨或丙烯。
本申请还提供了实施本实用新型的方法。
从含烃燃料以及空气和水蒸气出发，产生主要由一氧化碳和氢气构成并且已除去酸气的合成气的方法，所述方法包括下述方法步骤：
a)通过低温精馏将空气分馏，以提供氧气料流、尾气料流和氮气料流，其中所述尾气料流和氮气料流处于环境温度下，并且所述氮气料流处于升高的压力下，
b)通过本领域技术人员已知的方法，使用在步骤a)中产生的氧气料流和水蒸气，在升高的压力和升高的温度下将含烃燃料转化成合成气，
c)通过在吸收塔中使用液体吸收剂进行低温吸收，从在步骤b)中产生的合成气中除去酸气，
d)利用压缩制冷设备，将在步骤c)中使用的吸收剂冷却到所述低温吸收所需的低温，其中所述压缩制冷设备包含冷却剂回路，所述冷却剂在所述冷却剂回路中被压缩并因此被加热，并通过随后与冷却水的热交换而被冷却和冷凝，
e)在冷却水与步骤d)中的冷却剂交换热量之前，通过蒸发冷却将所述冷却水冷却，
所述方法的特征在于，步骤e)中的蒸发冷却使用在步骤a)中产生的尾气料流来进行，和/或在步骤a)中产生的氮气料流已被膨胀后，使用所述氮气料流来进行。
上述方法的第一个步骤，即空气分馏，以高水平的装置复杂度和能量支出产生作为副产物或废产物的高压氮气和尾气料流。这些料流是完全干燥的，并且本实用新型利用了它们产生的对水分特别良好的吸收能力，因为本实用新型将这些料流用于低温甲醇洗设备的压缩制冷设备所需的冷却水的蒸发冷却。与使用几乎总是含有一定水分含量的环境空气相比，有可能实现更低的冷却水温度，并因此进而实现更低的冷却剂温度。所述压缩导致冷却剂回路中的冷却剂的加热，它随后通过与冷却水的热交换被再次冷却。本实用新型的优点在于用于低温甲醇洗设备的吸收剂的冷却所需的冷却剂的低温，可以伴随着所述冷却剂的冷凝中的较低压力来实现。通过本实用新型，降低了用于所述冷却剂的压缩的电能消耗。
在蒸发冷却器中冷却的冷却水，从外部，例如从不是本实用新型范围的一部分的冷却水供应系统，进料到所述设备，并在使用后从根据本实用新型的设备再循环回其中。
在所述蒸发冷却器中，冷却水与尾气料流和/或膨胀的氮气料流相接触。在这里，有可能使用本领域技术人员已知的手段，例如规整填料或随机填料。
附图说明
图1是根据本实用新型的设备的框图，
图2是根据本实用新型利用氮气和尾气将冷却水进行冷却的压缩冷却剂回路的图解。
具体实施方式
本实用新型的优选配置的特征在于通过空气分馏产生的氮气料流，在将它用于冷却水的蒸发冷却之前，利用涡轮机进行膨胀并同时冷却，然后将其用于冷却所述压缩制冷设备的冷却剂回路中的冷却剂。通过这种方式，该料流中存在的压力势能也被用于支持所述压缩制冷设备，并且降低了用于所述压缩的能量支出。
工作例
从下面对非限制性工作和数字实例以及附图的描述中，也可以明显看出本实用新型的发展、优点和可能的用途。在图中描述和/或示出的所有特征单独地或以任何组合形式形成本实用新型，不论它们在权利要求书或其中的从属引用中以何种方式组合。
所述附图中的数字将在下文中进一步阐述：
在图1中，根据本实用新型的设备1包含以下组成设备：低温空气分馏2、气化3、低温甲醇洗设备4、压缩制冷设备5和蒸发冷却设备6。空气7从环境吸入并在空气分馏2中被分馏成氧气料流8、氮气料流9a和尾气料流10。将含碳燃料11供应到气化设备3，并在其中将它与供应到所述设备的氧气料流8和水蒸气12转化成粗合成气13和灰分14。将产生的粗合成气13进料到低温甲醇洗设备4，在那里通过低温吸收，使用甲醇作为吸收剂除去酸气硫化氢34和二氧化碳19。移除的所述硫化氢作为料流34从设备1排出，清洁的合成气作为料流15从设备1排出以备进一步处理。移除的二氧化碳19a被用于压缩制冷设备5的冷却剂回路中的冷却，然后作为料流19b从所述设备排出，以备进一步使用或处置。在低温甲醇洗设备4中使用的甲醇吸收剂在其使用过程中被加热，因此必须被连续冷却。加热的甲醇料流16a被导入压缩制冷设备5，在其中被冷却，并作为料流16b被导回到低温甲醇洗设备4。通过将在空气分馏2中产生并在涡轮机20中膨胀并同时冷却的氮气料流9b用于压缩制冷设备5的冷却剂回路中的冷却剂的冷却，来辅助组成设备5的冷却输出。在涡轮机20中膨胀并冷却的氮气料流9b被导入压缩制冷设备5，在其中被加热并作为料流9c被导向冷却塔6，以便与来自于空气分馏2的尾气料流10一起流过所述冷却塔，并通过蒸发来冷却所述冷却水。将所述冷却塔中满载水分的氮气-尾气混合物17排到设备1外部，以备进一步处理。从设备1外部的未示出的设备将冷却水18a供应到冷却塔6，在其中冷却，并作为料流18b进料到压缩制冷设备5，然后作为料流18c从设备1排出。
图2示出了根据本实用新型的设备的压缩制冷设备5组件和蒸发冷却设备6组件。冷却剂在压缩冷却剂回路21中进行循环。通常，使用的冷却剂是氨或丙烯。
冷却剂料流22在串联连接的压缩机23和24中分两级压缩，通过冷却水被冷却并在热交换器25中部分冷凝。然后将所述冷却剂料流分成料流26和27。料流27在阀28中膨胀并同时冷却，在热交换器29中被用于料流26的冷却，然后再循环回到压缩机24上游的主料流中。冷却剂料流26在热交换器29中被冷却之后，在热交换器30中被图1的低温甲醇洗设备4中移除的二氧化碳料流19a冷却。将在图1的空气分馏2中产生的氮气料流9a引入，在涡轮机20中膨胀并冷却。然后将所述氮气料流作为料流9b，在热交换器31中用于冷却剂料流的冷却。随后，将所述冷却剂料流在阀32中膨胀并同时进一步冷却，然后在热交换器22中用于甲醇吸收剂16a、b的冷却。将冷却水18a从未示出并且不是所述设备的一部分的供应单元引入到组成设备6的蒸发冷却器33中。同样地，将来自于图1的空气分馏2的残留气体10和氮气料流9c引入到蒸发冷却器33中。这些气体满载水分，作为料流17从设备排出并处置。将已在蒸发冷却器33中冷却的冷却水18b导入压缩制冷设备5，在那里它被用于热交换器25中冷却剂的冷却和冷凝，然后作为料流18c从所述设备排出。
工业实用性
本实用新型提供了一种降低在不含酸气的合成气的生产中的电能支出的方式。因此，本实用新型具有工业实用性。
指称数字列表
1 根据本实用新型的设备
2 低温空气分馏
3 气化
4 低温吸收(低温甲醇洗设备)
5 压缩制冷设备
6 蒸发冷却设备
7 空气
8 氧气
9 氮气
10 尾气
11 含烃燃料
12 水蒸气
13 包含酸气的粗合成气
14 残渣/灰分
15 不含酸气的合成气
16 a、b甲醇
17 装载有水分的氮气-尾气混合物
18 a、b、c冷却水
19 a、b二氧化碳
20 涡轮机
21 压缩冷却剂回路
22 冷却剂料流
23 压缩机
24 压缩机
25 热交换器
26 冷却剂料流
27 冷却剂料流
28 阀
29 热交换器
30 热交换器
31 热交换器
32 阀
33 蒸发冷却器。

Claims (4)

1.用于产生合成气的设备，其包含下述组成设备和装置：
a)用于空气分馏的设备，所述设备使用根据升高的压力下的低温精馏原理进行工作的空气分馏设备，其适合于产生处于升高的压力和环境温度下的气态氮料流和气态氧料流以及尾气料流，
b)使用气化剂转化含碳燃料以提供主要包含氢气和一氧化碳的合成气的设备，其中组成设备a)和b)相连，使得在组成设备a)中产生的氧气可以被添加到在组成设备b)中使用的所述气化剂，
c)通过在低温下使用液体吸收剂进行吸收，从组成设备b)中产生的粗合成气中除去酸气二氧化碳和硫化氢的设备，
d)压缩制冷设备，其包含冷却剂，用于将所述液体吸收剂冷却到低温吸收所需的低温，其中所述压缩制冷设备包含冷却剂回路，所述冷却剂在所述冷却剂回路中被压缩并因此被加热，并通过随后与冷却水的热交换而被冷却和冷凝，
e)用于将冷却水进行冷却的蒸发冷却器，
f)任选的膨胀涡轮机，其用于膨胀在组成设备a)中产生的氮气料流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述蒸发冷却器使用在组成设备a)中产生的尾气料流来进行蒸发冷却，和/或使用膨胀后的氮气料流来进行蒸发冷却。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述压缩制冷设备还使用膨胀后的氮气料流来进行冷却剂回路中的冷却剂的冷却。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述液体吸收剂是甲醇，和/或所述冷却剂是氨或丙烯。
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US20200087143A1 (en) 2020-03-19

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