CN207703792U - Sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system - Google Patents
Sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN207703792U CN207703792U CN201721896474.4U CN201721896474U CN207703792U CN 207703792 U CN207703792 U CN 207703792U CN 201721896474 U CN201721896474 U CN 201721896474U CN 207703792 U CN207703792 U CN 207703792U
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- tower crane
- acoustic emission
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- detecting system
- sound emission
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting systems.The sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system includes：Acoustic emission sensor is connect by couplant with measurand；Preamplifier is connect with the acoustic emission sensor, the acoustic emission signal for amplifying the acoustic emission sensor acquisition；Data collecting card is connect with the preamplifier；And industrial personal computer, it is used to that acquisition parameter to be arranged；After starting gathered data, the data of acquisition are transported to the industrial personal computer, call the Implement of Function Module of the industrial personal computer to handle, analyze and result output.The sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system realizes accurate measurement using acoustic emission, realizes the early warning of earlier damage, can be monitored to the extension of damage, and sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high-precision, high-sensitivity measurement.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to safety of tower crane detection field, more particularly to a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system.
Background technology
Tower crane is a kind of common lifting equipment, is acted on for a long time by a variety of load in use, and welding structure is carried
It is the position for being easy to happen damage, has much reports about safety of tower crane accident, therefore the safety of tower crane in recent years
It is extremely important.Mainly based on shutting down regular inspection, supervise inspection, the scope of examination includes mainly for tower crane detection：The file inspection of overall process is installed
Look into, data verification, site inspection and personnel inspection etc..Conventional detection takes time and effort, and can not detect institute in operational process in time
The damage and extension of generation.Meanwhile even if after conventional detection qualification, still remaining running damage accident risk.
At present in addition to conventional detection means, tower crane can be measured in real time and realize early warning by technically pursuing, to
It avoids that serious accident occurs.A kind of design scheme of safety of tower crane detecting system introduced below, but engineering in practice, still
Be so conventional means detection based on.
A kind of main composition of safety of tower crane detecting system of the detection of conventional means, power-supply system, air velocity transducer, shape
Become measurement module, Temperature Humidity Sensor, obliquity sensor, motor module and human-computer interaction module.After system starts, wind speed passes
Measured measured value is sent to master control by sensor, Temperature Humidity Sensor, obliquity sensor；Through master control and wind-force preset value, tower
(concerned countries standard provides body inclination angle preset value：2/1000) etc. pair wind-force is stopped when being more than 6 grades, and tower body inclining degree is less than
Than if measured value is less than preset value, system work；If the value is more than preset value, system alarm.It, can be continuous after system operation
The measured values such as deformation are measured, measured value sends out alarm beyond preset value, to realize safety monitoring purpose.Human-computer interaction module
It realizes real-time display, facilitates driver's directly monitoring operational process.
This technical solution can be realized to the macrostate in tower crane operational process, such as：Ambient wind velocity, deflection, inclination
The realizations such as amount monitoring, but this is the minimum safe guarantee of tower crane work.It is tight that there are fractures of significant proportion etc. in tower crane accident
Weight accident, caused by being bearing structure and stress raisers etc., these accident prone positions more merit attention, because of carrying
The reason of, accident occurs very quickly and serious, the detection of conventional detection and above scheme cannot find implicit damage with
The extension of damage, and then can not achieve more effective early warning.
In existing safety of tower crane detection technique, conventional detection is with low content of technology, cannot find implicit damage and early warning, can only
Do basic safety inspection, it is ensured that installation, operation, maintenance of tower crane etc. meet security regulations；A kind of safety inspection described above
Survey technology scheme surveys this large lifting equipment of tower crane using physical parameters such as the deflections of FUSION WITH MULTISENSOR DETECTION tower crane
Magnitude is easily interfered by many factors, and can only ensure minimum safety condition, and practical application has little significance.
The information for being disclosed in the background technology part is merely intended to increase the understanding to the general background of the utility model, and
It is not construed as recognizing or implying in any form that information composition has been existing well known to persons skilled in the art
Technology.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of simple and reasonable sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system, the sound
Emit tower crane safety detecting system and realize accurate measurement using acoustic emission, realizes the early warning of earlier damage, the expansion to damage
Exhibition can monitor, and sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high-precision, high-sensitivity measurement.
To achieve the above object, the utility model provides a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system, the sound emission tower
Hanging safety detecting system includes：Acoustic emission sensor is connect by couplant with measurand；Preamplifier, with institute
Acoustic emission sensor connection is stated, the acoustic emission signal for amplifying the acoustic emission sensor acquisition；Data collecting card, with institute
State preamplifier connection；And industrial personal computer, it is used to that acquisition parameter to be arranged；It is after starting gathered data, the data of acquisition are defeated
It is sent to the industrial personal computer, calls the Implement of Function Module of the industrial personal computer to handle, analyze and result output.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the major parameter of acoustic emission sensor is：Temperature in use：- 20~50 DEG C；It connects
Mouthful：The sides BNC；Frequency range：60kHz~400kHz；Resonant frequency：150kHz；Sensitivity peaks：＞ 115dB；Protection etc.
Grade：IP66.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, preamplifier is built in the inside of the acoustic emission sensor.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, data collecting card includes：Data acquisition module and acquisition cabinet.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, data acquisition module is 9223 C series modules of NI.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the advantages that：The sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system profit
Accurate measurement is realized with acoustic emission, and the optimization processings such as denoising, extraction feature are carried out to a large amount of data, realize processing in real time
And obtain useful information, and on the basis of signal processing, realize the early warning of earlier damage, the extension of damage can be monitored,
Sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high-precision, high-sensitivity measurement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the industrial control computer structure schematic diagram of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the signal processing of the data processing and inversion module of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the utility model
Flow chart.
Fig. 4 is the data sample of the data processing and inversion module of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the utility model
Process chart.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail, it is to be understood that this practicality
Novel protection domain is not restricted by specific implementation.
Unless otherwise explicitly stated, otherwise in entire disclosure and claims, term " comprising " or its change
It changes such as "comprising" or " including " etc. and will be understood to comprise stated element or component, and do not exclude other members
Part or other component parts.
As shown in Figure 1, according to the specific knot of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of specific embodiment of the present invention
Structure includes：Acoustic emission sensor 1, preamplifier 2, data collecting card 3 and industrial personal computer 4, wherein the surface of measurand 5 passes through
It after processing, is connect with acoustic emission sensor 1 using couplant, through transmission cable connection preamplifier 2, data collecting card 3, work
Acquisition parameter is arranged by industrial personal computer 4 in control machine 4.After starting gathered data, the data of acquisition are transported to industrial personal computer 4, call work
Implement of Function Module processing, analysis and the result output of control machine 4.
Specifically, acoustic emission sensor 1 uses Beijing good reputation SRI150 type sensors, is put before built-in 40dB, main to join
Number：Temperature in use：- 20~50 DEG C；Interface：The sides BNC；Frequency range：60kHz~400kHz (sound hairs that metal material generates
It is in ultrasonic range to penetrate most of, and the frequency of sound emission is mostly in 100~300kHz)；Resonant frequency：150kHz；Sensitivity peaks：
＞ 115dB；Degree of protection：IP66.SRI150 type sensor parameters meet tower crane base material metal sound emission range, acoustic emission signal
It is very faint.
Preamplifier 2 is connect with acoustic emission sensor 1, the acoustic emission signal for amplifying the acquisition of acoustic emission sensor 1,
Preferably, preamplifier 2 is 40dB amplifiers, is built in selected SRI150 type sensor internals, installation, wiring,
It is easy to carry, reduce noise link.Signal transmission scheme uses cable, economical and practical.
Data collecting card 3 is the core component of acoustic emission detection system, and performance determines the performance of whole system.Data
Capture card 3 includes：NI 9223C series modules and the mono- slot USB of NI cDAQ-9171 acquire cabinet, realize the convenient of engineering site
Acquisition scheme.NI 9223C series modules have 4 differential paths, per channel 1MS/s synchronized sampling rates；± 10V measurement ranges,
16 bit resolutions, precision 0.00306V；- 40 to 70 DEG C of operating temperature ranges, 5g anti-vibrations, 50g shock resistances.While in order to
Realize that portable scheme, data collecting card module coordinate the mono- slot USB of NI cDAQ-9171CompactDAQ to acquire cabinet, realize work
The convenient acquisition scheme at journey scene.The structure has small, portable, high sampling rate, 16 high-precisions, in performance parameter
Optimum Matching is realized, speed and precision have been taken into account.Meanwhile data collecting card adds the combination of cabinet, can realize easily in the future
System upgrade dilatation, only need to change card slot cabinet more than one, this data collecting card is reusable, and can match different performance parameter
Data collecting card or other signal processing modules.
As shown in Fig. 2, industrial personal computer 4 includes：Data acquisition memory module 6, data processing and inversion module 7 and result are shown
And output module 8.Data acquisition memory module is the basic function of system, has selection store path, selection acquisition channel, sets
Set acquisition parameter etc.；Data processing and inversion module has the function of Parameter analysis, denoising, feature extraction etc.；As a result it shows and defeated
It is to provide good operation and interaction to go out module.
Wherein, data acquisition memory module has continuous acquisition pattern and triggering collection pattern, continuous acquisition as normal
Continuous sampling gathered data, triggering collection can solve the problems, such as that data volume is excessive to a certain degree, by the way that threshold value, energy is rationally arranged
It is enough to start to write a signal to file in the case where generating trigger signal.Acquisition parameter, which is arranged, includes：Channel selecting, input model
It encloses, sample frequency etc..File memory format has selected a kind of binary recording file TDMS (Technical Data that NI is promoted mainly
Management Streaming) format, the file of this format can facilitate by other function calls, be contained in file logical
The essential informations such as road, storage speed are fast.TDMS formats are that this project is a kind of very good selection in terms of data storage.Profit
With the parallel processing capability of software, DAQ processes and TDMS storage process execute parallel, using single While cycle in simultaneously into
The design of row signal acquisition and storage can reduce software delays in this way, accelerate the storage speed of data, easy pipe simple in structure
Reason.
Data processing and inversion module is mainly used for carrying out RMS value, highest single-frequency, highest single-frequency amplitude, peak value to waveform
Number carries out parameter after analysis, and the waveform extracting in certain channel is carried out to the signal of storage, and carries out STFT time frequency analysis.
Support is provided for the analysis of later experiments data.Data processing and inversion module further includes：FFT spectrum analyzes mould
Block, signal interception module (can according to the time period or offset interception), Wavelet Denoising Method and decomposed and reconstituted module, perfect whole system
Function.
As shown in figure 3, the signal processing of data processing and inversion module includes：
(1) signal denoising
The characteristics of acoustic emission signal, determines it easily by noise jamming, the faint useful acoustic emission signal quilt especially measured
Noise floods the validity that can influence detection.Detection identifies defect acoustic emission signal from much noise background, is sound emission
The difficult point of technical research, the object studied herein are that tower crane carries welding structure, because the noise at detection scene is abundant and complicated more
Become, if accidental factor causes the frequency spectrum of noise jamming signal and interested crack defect spectrum overlapping, common denoising
Mode will be no longer valid, it is difficult to be detached.The design uses the denoising method of wavelet analysis, and wavelet analysis is believed to sound emission
Number denoising provides powerful tool, keeps denoising finer, detail signal as much as possible can be retained while denoising.Through
Experimental analysis is devised the scheme for being carried out three layers of wavelet decomposition using Db14 wavelet basis functions, signal is realized by software programming
Wavelet Denoising Method, meanwhile, reduce algorithm time be conducive in real time processing.
(2) feature signal extraction
By many experiments analysis to tower crane base material metal, Db14 small echos have been selected to carry out 5 layers of decomposition, by D1 and D2 layers
Signal reconstruction is carried out, not only the semaphore of further compressed signal, while remaining critical band and signal main energetic.
(3) pattern-recognition
Present design carries out collected acoustic emission signal using BP neural network the identification of severity, by serious
The division of degree carries out safety evaluation to signal, realizes warning function in conjunction with the liveness index of acoustic emission signal.
In pattern-recognition, on the basis of treated for denoising, reconstruction signal, using highest single-frequency frequency parameter and highest list
Frequency magnitude parameters two carry out comprehensive identification.
BP neural network parameter designing：Using Three Tiered Network Architecture, three-layer network design includes mainly：Input layer, hidden layer,
Output layer.Input and output layer is set：The feature vector number of sample is input number of nodes, and the classification that sample divides can be set to defeated
Go out node layer number.Then the characteristic parameter of 40 points, wherein two parameters of highest single-frequency and highest single-frequency amplitude respectively take this selected works
20 characteristic points, therefore input node is set to 40, is identified as severity to acoustic emission signal herein, has divided three etc.
Grade：It is distributed according to the RMS value of the signal of interception, 1v or less is set to the first order, 1v to 2v is set to the second level, and 2v or more is set to the
Three-level, corresponding output are respectively 0,1,2.Output is set as 1 × 60 vector, and output node can be set as 1；Hidden layer is set as 7, effect
Fruit is more satisfactory；The selection of transmission function：Transmission function mainly has S type logarithmic functions logsig, tangent function tansig, linear letter
Number purelin selects hidden layer logarithmic function tansig, output layer to use linear function purelin herein by test.
As shown in figure 4, data sample processing step：
(a) Db14 small echos is selected to carry out three layers of wavelet decomposition denoising, denoising specific method processing step for example above；
(b) the five layers of decomposition of Db14 small echos are carried out to the sample signal after denoising, reconstructs D1 and D2 layer signals；
(c) parameter is carried out after map analysis to reconstruction signal, and extracted after parameter.Such as highest single-frequency frequency parameter,
20ms signals are pressed to be calculated per 1ms, 20 parameter points is obtained, highest single-frequency magnitude parameters processing method is identical.It is possible thereby to structure
The single sample with 40 parameters is made, acquisition as needed is suitble to effective input sample collection of size, and training sample set is bigger, knows
Other precision is higher.
Function module optimization to collection analysis software, adds the module of temporally accurate data intercept section, such as figure below.
It is combed by the later stage to data sample and is more accurately extracted, discrimination can be effectively improved.Conducive to the subtle useful sound of discovery
Emit signal.
(4) safety evaluation
The severity of acoustic emission signal has been divided into three grades by the characteristic signal of extraction, be defined as I grade, II grade,
III grade.Reference pressure container acoustic emission detection assessment technique, it is contemplated that there is no the processes of pressurization and pressurize in engineer application, will
Acoustic emission signal is divided the active degree in source by Frequency, can be divided into non-live, general, medium, strong work four etc..The two are referred to
Mark is jointly formed safety evaluation grade classification, such as following table：
Table 1
It is that the safety evaluation grade of security consideration table 1 is drawn because of there are personnel involved construction operation etc. in the working environment of tower crane
Point too conservative, A is represented safely；B represents slight crackle, does not have to reinspection；C represents moderate crackle, considers reinspection of stopping work；D represents tight
Weight crackle, it is dangerous.
Take one section of acoustic emission signal in experiment.Several acoustic emission signal severities are obtained after intercepting Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal
It it is I grade, the frequency leading portion of sound emission is interrupted acoustic emission signal, belongs to general frequency, the continuous several acoustic emission signals of latter half
Belong to medium frequency, overall merit grade is B grades, is slight crackle.Thus it can realize to tower crane emphasis structure such as welding structure etc.
The acoustic emission signal at place carries out the evaluation of preliminary safety.
The application has following technological merit：
1, the online non-destructive testing of dynamic of safety of tower crane is realized, system is easy to carry, high certainty of measurement, is quick on the draw.By
In using acoustic emission, without being detected to tower crane shutdown, during tower crane work, by operation scheme and test position
Lay sensor, you can acquire in real time and analyze acoustic emission signal；The NI capture card schemes of use, sample frequency height, resolution ratio
Height can capture fine micro-crack acoustic emission signal, it is ensured that do not omit useful signal；Overall plan design, which uses, to be convenient for
Carrying and scalability, it is easy to operate.
2, the generation of the damage at position, especially microscopic damage is carried to tower crane emphasis, extension can realize earliest period
It was found that and early warning.Present design is detected for the hardware internal injury of tower crane, compared to passing through common displacement
Sensor measurement macroscopic view displacement physical quantity, more finely, it can be found that hiding earlier damage position and degree, in fine fisssure
Line is formed before the major injuries such as Macroscopic, is detected and is found.
To sum up, which realizes accurate measurement using acoustic emission, to a large amount of data
It carries out optimization processings, the realizations such as denoising, extraction feature and handles and obtain useful information in real time, and on the basis of signal processing,
The early warning for realizing earlier damage, can monitor the extension of damage, and sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high-precision, height
Sensitivity measure.
The description of the aforementioned specific exemplary embodiment to the utility model is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These
Description is not wishing to for the utility model to be limited to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can carry out
Many change and variations.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining the specific principle of the utility model
And its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize a variety of different examples of the utility model
Property embodiment and various chooses and changes.The scope of the utility model is intended to by claims and its waits similar shapes
Formula is limited.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system, which is characterized in that including：
Acoustic emission sensor is connect by couplant with measurand；
Preamplifier is connect with the acoustic emission sensor, the sound emission for amplifying the acoustic emission sensor acquisition
Signal；
Data collecting card is connect with the preamplifier；And
Industrial personal computer is used to that acquisition parameter to be arranged；After starting gathered data, the data of acquisition are transported to the industrial personal computer, are adjusted
With the Implement of Function Module processing, analysis and result output of the industrial personal computer.
2. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the acoustic emission sensor
Major parameter is：Temperature in use：- 20~50 DEG C；Interface：The sides BNC；Frequency range：60kHz~400kHz；Resonant frequency：
150kHz；Sensitivity peaks：＞ 115dB；Degree of protection：IP66.
3. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that built in the preamplifier
In the inside of the acoustic emission sensor.
4. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data collecting card packet
It includes：Data acquisition module and acquisition cabinet.
5. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the data acquisition module is
9223 C series modules of NI.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107941919A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 北京城建北方建设有限责任公司 | Sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system |
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- 2017-12-29 CN CN201721896474.4U patent/CN207703792U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107941919A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 北京城建北方建设有限责任公司 | Sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system |
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