CN106287240B - A kind of pipeline leakage testing device and single-sensor localization method based on sound emission - Google Patents
A kind of pipeline leakage testing device and single-sensor localization method based on sound emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN106287240B CN106287240B CN201610803267.3A CN201610803267A CN106287240B CN 106287240 B CN106287240 B CN 106287240B CN 201610803267 A CN201610803267 A CN 201610803267A CN 106287240 B CN106287240 B CN 106287240B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
Abstract
The invention belongs to pipe detection fields, and in particular to a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and single-sensor localization method, locating and detecting device based on sound emission include：Piezoceramic transducer, preamplifier, filter, main amplifier, A/D converter and host, the piezoceramic transducer is connect with preamplifier, and the piezoceramic transducer is connect by couplant with test specimen, and the test specimen is to set defective inflation pipeline section, the preamplifier is connect with filter, the filter is connect with main amplifier, and the main amplifier is connect with A/D converter, and the A/D converter is connect with host.The present invention is based on acoustic emission testing technologies, the acquisition of minute leakage signal is realized by highly sensitive piezoceramic transducer, the both modalities which guided wave of leakage signal is extracted using Modal Acoustic Emission theory and EMD methods, sound emission leakage signal is analyzed and handled in conjunction with Gabor wavelet, achievees the purpose that effectively to find pipe leakage point and accurate positionin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pipeline leakage testing positioning device and detection localization method, especially with single-sensor into
Row pipeline leakage testing and positioning belong to fault diagnosis and flowing safeguard technology field.
Background technology
Pipeline transportation accounts in energy goods and materials (including crude oil, product oil, the natural gas, associated gas etc.) transport in the whole world
There is consequence, becomes the fifth-largest transport service after railway, highway, water transport, air transportation.However since pipeline transportation exists
It applies and starts in industry, pipe leakage is always a problem in pipeline transportation.Enter the aged phase especially as pipeline, damages
Bad leakage hidden danger multiplication can be significantly reduced leakage and make if can detect to leak and position leak position in time
At harm.
Include at present mainly pipe internal detector, pipeline manual inspection method, portable instrument to the means of pipe detection inspection
Instrument etc., but due to these methods or influence that material normally conveys or investment cost is high or real-time is poor, or cannot continuously examine
It surveys, cannot be applied in pipeline leakage testing well.And conventional non-destructive testing (such as ultrasound detection, Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting) technology
Though more mature, there are prodigious defects for these detection techniques：Detection process scans for point-by-point formula, and it is necessary to be detected horological device
It stops production, detection efficiency is low, it is difficult to effectively apply to industrial pipeline.Sound emission (Acoustic Emission abbreviation AE) technology
It is a kind of Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement method, to detected pieces close to of less demanding, while does not need equipment and stopping production or shorten when stopping production
Between, and can be to the long range of in-service pipeline, on a large scale detection.Therefore, pipeline sound emission leak detection and location technology become
One hot spot of domestic and international field of non destructive testing.
Domestic and foreign scholars study most of pipeline sound emission leakage positioning and are based on two and more than two sensors at present.Its
Central sill is big to position pipeline gas leakage using two sensors；High China is using two sensors to urban underground gas pipe
Net leakage is detected；U.S. Didem Ozevin carry out pipeline leakage testing using more than two sensors.Although more sensings
Device detection and localization technology has been widely used for engineering in practice, but existing problem is that there are poor performances between multiple sensors
It is different to reduce positioning accuracy, and multisensor improves economic cost, while increasing the difficulty of Engineering operation.
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, propose that a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and single-sensor based on sound emission are fixed
Position method.This method considers detecting state of the pipeline residing for pipeline not out of service, is based on acoustic emission, if
Meter proposes rational experimental design, for Dongying City Gudao oilfield gas ducting and detect on the spot online.It is right
The collected leakage acoustic emission signal of single-sensor is analyzed and is handled, the positioning result being calculated and practical pipe leakage
Source position compares, actual leakage source position on the exactly very close pipeline in the leakage point position being calculated.
The present invention has made good exploration and trial using single-sensor location technology to pipeline, has obtained preferable positioning
As a result.Both overcome that positioning accuracy declines caused by performance difference between multisensor and multiple sensor detection and localizations are of high cost
Disadvantage, and pipeline Small leak hidden danger early relatively is captured, provide more successful example for practical engineering application from now on.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome between multisensor positioning accuracy caused by performance difference to decline and multiple sensors
Detection and localization disadvantage of high cost provides a kind of pipeline leakage testing device based on sound emission and single-sensor positioning side
Method.The present invention is based on acoustic emission testing technologies, and the acquisition of minute leakage signal, profit are realized by highly sensitive piezoceramic transducer
With Modal Acoustic Emission theory and empirical mode decomposition (Empirical Mode Decomposition, hereinafter referred to as EMD) method
The both modalities which guided wave for extracting leakage signal is analyzed and is handled to sound emission leakage signal in conjunction with Gabor wavelet, found out
Both modalities which guided wave travels to the time difference of single-sensor from source of leaks, reach effectively find pipe leakage point and be accurately positioned
Purpose.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Single-sensor locating and detecting device based on acoustic emission detection, including：Piezoceramic transducer, preamplifier,
Filter, main amplifier, A/D converter and host；The piezoceramic transducer is connect with preamplifier；The piezoelectricity pottery
Porcelain sensor is connect by couplant with test specimen；The test specimen is to set defective inflation pipeline section；The piezoceramic transducer
Signal wire connect with preamplifier by connecting interface；The preamplifier is connect with filter；The preposition amplification
The signal wire of device is connect by interface with filter；The filter is connect with main amplifier；The main amplifier is converted with A/D
Device connects；The A/D converter is connect with host.
The piezoceramic transducer is equipped with connecting interface, piezoelectric element, wear plate, protective shell.The connecting interface
Piezoceramic transducer is connect with preamplifier by signal wire, the piezoelectric element is connected by signal wire and connecting interface
It connects, the wear plate is mounted on the bottom end of piezoceramic transducer, and the wear plate upper surface connects with piezoelectric element bottom end
It touches, the lower face of the wear plate is connect with protective shell, and the protective shell bottom end is contacted by couplant with surface of test piece.
A method of leakage detection and location being carried out to pipeline using above system, is included the following steps：
(1) parameters such as test pipe caliber, wall thickness, density of material, elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio coefficient are based on, in conjunction with mode
Sound emission is theoretical, the velocity dispersion curve of each mode guided wave in pipeline is found out, so that it is determined that each mode is led in different frequency scope
Velocity of wave angle value；
(2) keeping pipeline not out of service, i.e. tested pipeline both ends are not closed, and are not stopped under gas transmission state, are changed respectively
Become correlated inputs parameter, repeated acquisition signal data and the images such as tube fluid pressure, flow, selects the ginsengs such as best threshold value
Number；Determine detection sensitivity, reasonable Arrangement sensing station；
(3) frequecy characteristic extraction is carried out to the collected sound emission leakage signal of sensor using EMD methods, finds out sound hair
Leakage signal frequency distribution range is penetrated, in conjunction with step (1) medium velocity dispersion curve, it may be determined that go out the mould for including in leakage signal
State guided wave and its spread speed；
(4) it finds out determining each mode guided wave using Gabor wavelet signal processing method and travels to sensor from source of leaks
Time difference, in conjunction with formula (1)：
Wherein C1、C2The mode guided wave in leakage signal is represented, Δ t represents each mode guided wave and travels to sensing from source of leaks
The time difference of device；The C that will be found out1、C2This formula is substituted into Δ t, you can finds out source of leaks and sensor distance D.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the pipe leakage source positioning device structure schematic diagram based on acoustic emission detection；
Fig. 2 is piezoceramic transducer schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is group velocity dispersion curve synoptic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the amplitude frequency diagram of preceding 6 IMFs；
Fig. 5 is sound emission leakage signal T/F-amplitude schematic three dimensional views；
In upper figure：1- source of leaks, 2- gases, 3- piezoceramic transducers, 4- preamplifiers, 5- filters, 6- master are put
Big device, 7-A/D converters, 8- hosts, 9- connecting interfaces, 10- piezoelectric elements, 11- wear plates, 12- protective shells, 13-L (0,
1) group velocity curve, 14-F (1,1) group velocity curve, 15-L (0,1) mode guided wave peak value, 16-F (1,1) mode guided wave peak value.
Specific implementation mode
Each component title of detecting system is as shown in Figure 1：1- source of leaks, 2- gases, 3- piezoceramic transducers, 4- are preposition
Amplifier, 5- filters, 6- main amplifiers, 7-A/D converters, 8- hosts.The source of leaks (1) is located at pipeline section position；Institute
It is the medium in pipeline section to state gas (2)；The gas (2) discharges rapidly out energy production sound emission letter when passing through source of leaks (1)
Number；The piezoceramic transducer (3) is connect by couplant with pipeline section；The piezoceramic transducer (3) acquires leakage sound
Emit signal；The piezoceramic transducer (3) connect with preamplifier (4)；The piezoceramic transducer (3) sends out sound
Signal is penetrated to be converted to current signal and then be conveyed to preamplifier (4) by signal wire；The preamplifier (4) and filtering
Device (5) connects；Current signal is amplified and converted to voltage signal and is then fed to filter (5) by the preamplifier (4)；
The filter (5) connect with main amplifier (6)；The filter (5) filters the noise signal in acoustic emission signal；The master
Amplifier (6) is connect with A/D converter (7)；The main amplifier (6) is amplified acoustic emission signal；The A/D converter
(7) it is connect with host (8)；
As shown in Fig. 2, the piezoceramic transducer (3) is equipped with connecting interface (9), piezoelectric element (10), wear plate
(11), protective shell (12).The connecting interface (9) is connected piezoceramic transducer (3) and preamplifier (4) by signal wire
It connects, the piezoelectric element (10) is connect by signal wire with connecting interface (9), and the wear plate (11) is mounted on piezoelectric ceramics
The bottom end of sensor (3), wear plate (11) upper surface are contacted with piezoelectric element (10) bottom end, the wear plate (11)
Lower face connect with protective shell (12), protective shell (12) bottom end is contacted by couplant with pipeline section surface.
A method of leakage detection and location being carried out to gas ducting using above system, is included the following steps：
(1) parameters such as test pipe caliber, wall thickness, density of material, elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio coefficient are based on, in conjunction with mode
Sound emission is theoretical, the velocity dispersion curve of each mode guided wave in pipeline is found out, so that it is determined that each mode is led in different frequency scope
Velocity of wave angle value.
(2) keeping gas ducting not out of service, i.e. tested pipeline both ends are not closed, and are not stopped under gas transmission state, point
Not Gai Bian correlated inputs parameter, repeated acquisition signal data and the image such as tube fluid pressure, flow, select best threshold value
Etc. parameters.Determine detection sensitivity, reasonable Arrangement sensing station.
(3) frequecy characteristic extraction is carried out to the collected sound emission leakage signal of sensor using EMD methods, finds out sound hair
Leakage signal frequency distribution range is penetrated, in conjunction with step (1) medium velocity dispersion curve, it may be determined that go out the mould for including in leakage signal
State guided wave and its spread speed.
(4) it finds out determining each mode guided wave using Gabor wavelet signal processing method and travels to sensor from source of leaks
Time difference, in conjunction with formula (2)：
Wherein C1、C2The mode guided wave in leakage signal is represented, Δ t represents each mode guided wave and travels to sensing from source of leaks
The time difference of device.The C that will be found out1、C2This formula is substituted into Δ t, you can finds out source of leaks and sensor distance D.It will calculate
The leakage source position gone out is compared in actually leakage source position, determines the feasibility of this method.
Example
Pipeline section is located at Dongying City Gudao oilfield beach seashore, and pipe range is about 60m, caliber 89mm, wall thickness 6.45mm, material
Density is 7850 ㎏/m3, elasticity modulus 210GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.It is close based on caliber, wall thickness, material known to this pipeline section
The parameters such as degree, elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio coefficient find out each mould in pipeline in conjunction with Modal Acoustic Emission theory using MATLAB programmings
The velocity dispersion curve of state guided wave.It is illustrated in figure 3 group velocity dispersion curve.
Gas in pipelines pressure is 2MPa, and leakage aperture is 4mm.The actual range of sensor and source of leaks is as shown in table 1.
1 pipeline section sensor of table and leakage source position
EMD frequecy characteristic extractions, Empirical Mode are carried out so that first group of data, that is, sensor and source of leaks distance are 1.5m as an example
11 assertive evidence mode functions (Intrinsic Mode Functions, hereinafter referred to as IMF) that state obtains after decomposing.For that must speak
Emit the frequency distribution range of leakage signal, extraction includes most preceding 6 IMFs of leakage information, utilizes hilbert spectrum operation
Spectrum analysis is carried out to this 6 IMFs, to obtain frequency amplitude figure, as shown in Figure 4.Sound emission leakage letter is found out by observation
Number the main distribution of frequency be 0-200KHz.In conjunction with group velocity dispersion curve shown in Fig. 3, it is distributed between 0-200KHz
Mode guided wave mainly has L (0,1) and F (1,1).
In order to determine the speed of both modalities guided wave and reach the time difference of sensor from source of leaks, Gabor is utilized
Small echo solves sound emission leakage signal.As shown in figure 5, abscissa represents the time, ordinate represents frequency, vertical coordinate
Amplitude.Each known peak value represents mode guided wave and reaches the time of sensor, therefore it is main between 0-200KHz to find out frequency
There are peak values 15 and peak value 16.The frequency corresponding to peak value 15 and peak value 16 and time are observed, obtains L (0,1) and F (1,1)
Arrival time be respectively 78 μ s and 248.67 μ s.And its corresponding frequency is respectively 100KHz and 150KHz, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 3
Group velocity dispersion curve, it is respectively 5.35 and 3.20m/ms to find out L (0,1) and the corresponding speed of F (1,1).By above two
The arrival time of mode guided wave and speed substitute into the position that formula (2) finds out source of leaks.
Aforesaid operations are repeated, the sensing station for finally finding out 10 groups of test datas is as shown in table 2.
The practical leakage source position of table 2 finds out source of leaks comparison with calculating
The above positioning result gives physical location and the measurement position of source of leaks, statistics indicate that the measurement position of source of leaks
Really close to physical location, it was demonstrated that the feasibility of single-sensor positioning.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantages that：Based on single-sensor localization method, more biographies are overcome
Positioning accuracy caused by performance difference declines and multiple sensor detection and localizations disadvantage of high cost between sensor；It is sent out in conjunction with mode sound
Theory is penetrated, the velocity amplitude of each mode guided wave at different frequencies in velocity dispersion curve i.e. pipeline is found out, overcomes multisensor
In localization method deviation caused by speed is sought using disconnected lead signal；Using EMD signal processing methods extraction sound emission leakage letter
Number frequency distribution range, avoid the drawbacks of wavelet basis is difficult to select in wavelet transformation；Finally pipe is solved using Gabor wavelet
The arrival time of mode guided wave in road, in conjunction with velocity dispersion curve, you can positioned to source of leaks.This localization method can be realized
What long-distance transmission pipeline leaked under complex working condition is accurately positioned, and can more early capture the Small leak hidden danger of pipeline, is accident
Prevention and the repair of pipeline prodigious help is provided.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of single-sensor localization method of the pipeline leakage testing device based on sound emission, including：Piezoceramic transducer,
Preamplifier, filter, main amplifier, A/D converter and host, it is characterised in that:
A, the piezoceramic transducer is equipped with connecting interface, piezoelectric element, wear plate, protective shell, and the connecting interface is logical
It crosses signal wire to connect piezoceramic transducer with preamplifier, the piezoelectric element is connected by signal wire and connecting interface
It connects, the wear plate is mounted on the bottom end of piezoceramic transducer, and the wear plate upper surface connects with piezoelectric element bottom end
It touches, the lower face of the wear plate is connect with protective shell, and the protective shell bottom end is contacted by couplant with surface of test piece；
B, the piezoceramic transducer is connect by couplant with pipeline section；The piezoceramic transducer acquisition leakage sound emission
Signal, the piezoceramic transducer are connect with preamplifier, and the piezoceramic transducer is converted to acoustic emission signal
Then current signal is conveyed to preamplifier by signal wire, the preamplifier is connect with filter, is put before described
Current signal is amplified and converted to voltage signal and is then fed to filter by big device, and the filter is connect with main amplifier,
The filter filters the noise signal in acoustic emission signal, and the main amplifier is connect with A/D converter, the main amplifier
Acoustic emission signal is amplified, the A/D converter is connect with host；
C, include the following steps：
(1) it is based on test pipe caliber, wall thickness, density of material, elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio coefficient, is managed in conjunction with Modal Acoustic Emission
By the velocity dispersion curve of each mode guided wave in pipeline being found out, so that it is determined that each mode guided wave velocity amplitude in different frequency scope；
(2) keeping pipeline not out of service, i.e. tested pipeline both ends are not closed, and are not stopped under gas transmission state, change pipe respectively
Fluid pressure, flow correlated inputs parameter, repeated acquisition signal data and image, select best threshold value parameter；It determines
Detection sensitivity, reasonable Arrangement sensing station；
(3) frequecy characteristic extraction is carried out to the collected sound emission leakage signal of sensor using EMD methods, finds out sound emission and lets out
Leakage signal frequency distribution range, in conjunction with step (1) medium velocity dispersion curve, it may be determined that go out the mode for including in leakage signal and lead
Wave and its spread speed；
(4) using Gabor wavelet signal processing method find out determining each mode guided wave from source of leaks travel to sensor when
Between it is poor, in conjunction with formula (1)：
Wherein C1、C2The mode guided wave in leakage signal is represented, Δ t represents each mode guided wave and travels to sensor from source of leaks
Time difference；The C that will be found out1、C2This formula is substituted into Δ t, you can finds out source of leaks and sensor distance D.
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| CN107063583A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-18 | 北京声华兴业科技有限公司 | The acoustic emission detection system and method for a kind of valve leak |
| CN107327713A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 天津大学 | The ultrasound damage device and method of a kind of water supply line |
| CN107435817B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-01-25 | 常州大学 | A kind of pressure pipeline two o'clock leak detection accurate positioning method |
| CN108044457A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-18 | 嘉泰数控科技股份公司 | The cryogenic processor and method of a kind of zirconia ceramics |
| CN109115409A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-01 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | A kind of valve leak acoustic emission source locating method based on parallel piezo-electric array |
| CN109340587B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-26 | 重庆邮电大学 | Empirical mode decomposition-based fluid pipeline leakage acoustic emission coherent positioning method |
| US11519812B2 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2022-12-06 | Flow International Corporation | Acoustic emissions monitoring of high pressure systems |
| US11656382B2 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2023-05-23 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Leak induced guided wave amplitude log for downhole leakage localization |
| CN110726518B (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-05-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Positioning and monitoring system for leakage of annular sealing surface of nuclear reactor pressure vessel |
| CN110886972A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-17 | 西安戴森电子技术有限公司 | Water pipe abnormal state monitoring system |
| CN111365624A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-03 | 淮阴工学院 | Intelligent terminal and method for detecting leakage of brine transportation pipeline |
| CN114151737A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-08 | 天津大学 | Spherical internal detector and positioning system for pipeline leakage detection |
| CN115512717A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2022-12-23 | 东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院 | Two-stage single-sensor pipeline leakage positioning method based on ensemble learning |
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| JPS51150380A (en) * | 1975-06-18 | 1976-12-23 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Response property variable ae sensor |
| JPH0545402A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 1993-02-23 | Toshiba Corp | Partial discharge detection device of electrical equipment |
| JP4720587B2 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社デンソー | Ultrasonic sensor |
| CN201310411Y (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-09-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Oil pressure acquisition device for fuel rails |
| CN201310755Y (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-09-16 | 北京埃德尔澳珂工程技术有限公司 | Liquid pressure conduit leakage detecting device |
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| CN105423137A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-23 | 安阳师范学院 | Gas network leakage transient pressure wave detection and analysis system and detection and analysis method |
| CN205353019U (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-29 | 北京声华兴业科技有限公司 | Acoustic emission sensor |
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