CN207427010U - A kind of solar energy brushless controller - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of solar energy brushless controllers, belong to solar energy equipment field.It just can not self-starting for the electrical equipment in the prior art using solar panel as power resources, the problem of control is inconvenient, the utility model provides a kind of solar energy brushless controller, control circuit including controller housing and inside, control circuit includes microcontroller governor circuit, microcontroller governor circuit inputs the hall signal of brushless motor, speed controling signal, current limliting over-current detection signal, brake signal, export the operating of the prime drive signal control brushless motor of electronic commutator, the electricity that power circuit obtains solar panel carries out device and motor power supply in order to control after transformation, it has further included and has opened circuit certainly, from the startup for opening circuit control brushless motor.It can realize the DC powered DC brushless motor directly sent out without battery with solar energy, and existing mobile phone signal can also be utilized to implement remote monitoring, the function of unlatching/closing.

Description

A kind of solar energy brushless controller

Technical field

The utility model is related to solar energy equipment field, more specifically to a kind of solar energy brushless controller.

Background technology

Now aerator on the market be mainly based on alternating current 220V/380V, it is necessary to directly by cable for aeration pump/ Machine provides energy, and this power supply mode has inconvenience.Such as：Energy consumption connects up cumbersome, the drawbacks such as security difference.And it directly uses Solar panel can have many good qualities if directly driving aerator/air pump, and with if Driven by Solar Energy aerator/pump then It needs to use DC brushless controller, and brushless motor controller on the market needs external signal that can just make electric motor starting, because For in Fig. 1 microcontroller governor circuits, in the starting stage, microcontroller can receive speed controling signal, and this signal must be The speed signal of 0~4.5v could be inputted after microcontroller energization detection.Outdoors, the sun is only just present on daytime, it Can periodic appearing and subsiding, some electrical equipments can not artificially remove reset speed Setting signal daily, for example, The aerator in lake center.Like this using solar panel as power resources electrical equipment just can not self-starting, significantly Reduce the utilization rate of solar energy source.

Chinese patent application, application number 201220469589, publication date on July 20th, 2016, disclose it is a kind of have from The independent photovoltaic electric power system of startup function.This utility model technical solution is controlled by system and the control of control panel module The automatic electric power regulation and control that system and the Power Electronic Circuit set are realized, make system after cancel closedown, in shut-off conventional load The electrical path of power supply, while being closed conducting emergency service path, the quick electric power storage path of conducting photovoltaic electric power and photovoltaic electric power Self-starting electric power path makes photovoltaic power supply system complete self-starting and enters normal operating condition.In remote districts for nothing For the user of technical capability and maintenance condition, without waiting for rescuing, system enters normal power generation power supply state by self-starting, Reduce the investment of system use and maintenance for user and bring great convenience to user's use, substantially increase photovoltaic power supply system The service efficiency of system improves equipment and the resource utilization of solar energy, increases the investment return of user.But this controller control System is complicated, and is not illustrated for specific control circuit.

The content of the invention

1. technical problems to be solved

For it is in the prior art using solar panel as power resources electrical equipment just can not self-starting, control The problem of system is inconvenient, the utility model provides a kind of solar energy brushless controller.It can realize without battery and direct The DC powered DC brushless motor sent out with solar energy, and existing mobile phone signal can also be utilized to implement remote monitoring, it opens The function of opening/close.

2. technical solution

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions.

A kind of solar energy brushless controller, the control circuit including controller housing and inside, control circuit includes single Piece machine governor circuit, hall signal, speed controling signal, the current limliting over-current detection letter of microcontroller governor circuit input brushless motor Number, brake signal, export electronic commutator prime drive signal control brushless motor operating, power circuit obtain solar energy The electricity of solar panel carries out device and motor power supply in order to control after transformation, has further included from circuit is opened, has opened circuit certainly and control brushless electricity The startup of machine.

Further, 6 power MOSFET tube compositions of the electronic commutator, MOSFET pipes VT1, VT4 form nothing The bridge arm of brush motor A phase windings, VT3, VT6 form brushless motor B phase windings bridge arm, VT5, VT2 form brushless motor C phases around The bridge arm of group, voltage-drop loading is at the both ends of three groups of MOSFET pipes.Identical different shaped can be selected according to motor actual power size Number MOSFET pipe.

Further, current limliting over-current detection signal is sampled in three groups of MOSFET pipe circuits into microcontroller.With electric current Detection function, by detect the reflux size of power MOSFET judge motor whether overload.

Further, the power circuit includes two groups of power supplys, and one group is power MOSFET driving powers, is 14V, Another group is microcontroller, motor Hall power supply, is 5V.

Further, the power MOSFET driving powers are 14V, and microcontroller, motor Hall power supply are 5V.

Further, the circuit that opens certainly includes：Adjustable resistance R4 is sampled, sampling adjustable resistance R4 input terminals are derived from The total input terminal of power supply, connect a zener diode D1, then the polar capacitor C7 that connects, a capacitance both ends 2.2K's in parallel Resistance R5, the cathode of polar capacitor C7 take the supply voltage of MOSFET pipes, and polar capacitor C7 is connected in parallel on the two of optocoupler luminescent device End is input terminal；The emitter connection microcontroller supply voltage of optocoupler, collector connection divider resistance R6, the R6 pressure of optocoupler End resistance is added in the input terminal of brushless motor speed controller.

Further, internet-of-things terminal and interface of internet of things circuit are further included.So as to the operation of better monitoring device Situation.

Further, internet-of-things terminal includes periphery perception interface, central processing module and external communication interface three Part forms, and perceive interface by periphery is connected with sensing equipment, during the data of these sensing equipments are read out and are passed through After entreating processing module processing, according to procotol, the designated centers processing platform of Ethernet is sent to by external communication interface.

Further, interface of internet of things circuit, including passing through for brushless motor Hall input line J1, Hall input line J1 Three resistance R7, R8, R9 on three-phase appoint the voltage signal for taking 1 point of R7, R8, R9 to be sent into from the input terminal for opening circuit, from suddenly The voltage that your element obtains obtains a supply voltage by the reduction voltage circuit of internet-of-things terminal power circuit, and supply voltage is solid State relay is powered, and the closure contact of solid-state relay is connected to the digital quantity input terminal of internet-of-things terminal.

Further, the controller further includes display driving plate, by showing driving plate drive control device shell On display screen shown.

3. advantageous effect

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantage of：

(1) present solution provides a kind of DC powered DC brushless motor without battery and directly sent out with solar energy, And existing mobile phone signal can also be utilized to implement remote monitoring, the function of unlatching/closing；

(2) utilization of the utility model pair and solar panel can play promotion and supporting function, entire control system, The utilization of existing solar panel still needs to match with traditional energy-storage battery, along with corresponding inverter, Power supply could be provided to AC electric equipment, this can substantially increase cost input, increase plant maintenance and can increase The weight of equipment totality, it is straight that this programme can utilize existing solar photovoltaic cell panel to be directly driven by the realization of this controller Flow brushless motor；

(3) the utility model oneself can judge the power strength of solar panel power generation voluntarily to start motor or close electricity Machine, applied voltage comparison circuit realize that the automatic voltage of brushless motor judges, the DC powered then sent out using solar energy Direct current generator；Judgment mode is quick, and accuracy rate is high；

(4) strong and weak show of the power supply instruction electroluminescent element of the utility model, electricity uses light emitting diode, and luminous two Pole pipe is of low cost, can effectively reduce the manufacture cost of the present invention, and current limiting element, voltage drop element are resistive element, and structure is simple Single, spoilage is low, and resistive element is equally of low cost, therefore can further reduce manufacture cost and the later stage of the present invention Maintenance cost；

(5) the wider 24V~60V of voltage sample circuit voltage range of the utility model, to the adaptable of sunlight, It can be good at judging the power of sunlight, thus accurately automatic start/closing motor；Accuracy is high；

(6) this controller is used using General design, different input voltages, and the equipment of different powers of motor can adopt The automatic starting/stopping function of controller is realized with identical sampling decision circuitry, battery is not required as storage in this controller Stand-by power source has saved the cost of redundant electrical power, and integral device weight saving, the startup and stopping that motor can be regular；

(7) this controller also has bimodulus characteristic, and no matter whether motor accesses Hall line, and controller can be known automatically Not, rotated so as to obtain motor；

(8) this controller also has current sense function, is to judge motor by the reflux size for detecting power MOSFET No overload if electric current is excessive, can input a high voltage, then microcontroller main control computer will stop power to microcontroller The output of MOSFET pipes, so as to play the role of protecting controller and motor, security is good, and the service life is high；

(9) this controller incorporates Internet of Things wherein, connection power supply signal and control signal directly inside controller, from And the operating condition of better monitoring device, it can be monitored on a large scale, it is easy to maintain quick.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the single chip machine controlling circuit figure of the utility model；

Fig. 2 is electronic commutator circuits structure chart；

Fig. 3 device circuit construction of electric power figures in order to control；

Device opens circuit structure diagram to Fig. 4 certainly in order to control；

Fig. 5 is interface of internet of things circuit structure diagram；

Fig. 6 is internet-of-things terminal circuit construction of electric power figure；

Fig. 7 device outer casing construction drawings in order to control.

Specific embodiment

With reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment, the utility model is described in detail.

Embodiment 1

The solar energy brushless motor controller of the utility model is to add self-starting for solar energy brushless controller It sets and corresponding control sets and is adjusted, complete whole control, especially for applying in Ha Noi and remote Equipment on, the brushless motor controller in equipment that can not quickly be reached for personnel is improved and designs.In Fig. 7, control Device processed and internet of things net controller are integrated among a box, and external pin has antenna transmission interface, power input interface, brushless Motor output interface.Panel is numerical monitor, the information such as display cell voltage, electricity, GPRS signal strengths.

As shown in Figure 1：Microcontroller governor circuit is the core of brushless motor controller, and the hall signal of motor turns Fast signal, over-current detection signal, brake signal etc. are all directly inputted to microcontroller, are handled by microcontroller, and by microcontroller The prime drive signal of three bridge arms of electronic commutator is exported, to control the operating of motor, thus microcontroller governor circuit is nothing The cardiac component of brush motor controller.The chip that suitable types can be chosen is controlled, and the present embodiment selects microcontroller PIC16F72, this microcontroller is the mainstream control chip of current brushless motor for automobile controller, with the nothing of PIC16F72 compositions The typical application circuit of brush controller, it include brushless motor controller it is each it is main input, output signal, microcontroller according to The voltage signal variation of the foot determines the pulsewidth of output drive signal, so as to determine the rotating speed of motor.

Main circuit：The fundamental difference of electronic commutator brushless motor and brush motor is that brushless motor electronic commutation Device is instead of the mechanical commutator of brush motor, thus control method also just differs widely, and complexity significantly improves.Brushless In electric machine controller, electronic commutator is formed with 6 power MOSFET tubes (according to motor actual power size), structure is as schemed Shown in 2.Power MOSFET has following features compared with bipolar-type power：

1.MOSFET is voltage-controlled device (ambipolar is current control device), thus when driving high current without Grade need to be promoted, circuit is simpler；

2. input impedance is high, up to 108 more than Ω；

3. operating frequency range is wide, switching speed is high (switch time is tens nanoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds), and switching loss is small；

4. there is more excellent linear zone, and the input capacitance of MOSFET is more much smaller than ambipolar input capacitance, so Its exchange input impedance is high；

5. power MOSFET can be with multiple used in parallel, increase output current is without flows resistance.

In figure MOSFET pipes VT1, VT4 form brushless motor A phase windings bridge arm, VT3, VT6 form brushless motor B phases around The bridge arm of group, VT5, VT2 form the bridge arm of brushless motor C phase windings, and in any situation, two pipes up and down of same bridge arm cannot be same When turn on, otherwise to burn out pipe.6 power MOSFET tubes are sequentially turned on by certain requirement, so that it may realize brushless motor A, B, C The wheel flow-thru electrode of three-phase windings, completes commutation requirement, and motor runs well.In this brushless motor controller, this 6 power tubes There is the utilization of two or two step modes and three or three step modes, two or two step modes are i.e. every there are in a flash two power tubes while lead to Electricity, three or three step modes are i.e. every to have in a flash three power tubes to be powered simultaneously.For two or two step modes, power tube must by VT1, VT2；VT2、VT3；VT3、VT4；VT4、VT5；VT5、VT6；VT6、 VT1；The power-up sequence of VT1, VT2, motor could be transported normally Turn, this sequentially passes through.For three or three step modes, power tube must be by VT1, VT2, VT3；VT2、VT3、VT4；VT3、VT4、VT5； VT4、VT5、VT6；VT5、 VT6、VT1；VT6、VT1、VT2；The order of VT1, VT2, VT3 are powered, and motor could run well.

Power tube pre-driver circuitry：Power tube pre-driver circuitry is used for that 6 MOSFET of electronic commutator is driven to manage, Since 6 MOSFET pipes form 3 identical bridge arms, the driving circuit to this 3 identical bridge arms is identical, thus power Pipe pre-driver circuitry is made of 3 groups of mutually isostructural circuits.It can be driven herein with existing metal-oxide-semiconductor or other are existing Driving circuit is driven, and does not do too many elaboration herein.

Power circuit：In this brushless motor controller, two groups of power supplys are generally needed, one is that 14V power supplys supply power MOSFET drivings are used, the other is 5V power supplys, for circuits such as microcontroller, motor Hall, handle Halls.14V power supplys generally by LM317 adjustment is in control, and 5V power supplys are generally obtained by 78L05, and circuit is as shown in Figure 3.Certainly the output of different voltages is also had Demand circuit, the integrated regulator of different parameters can be chosen by being directed to the MOSFET of different voltage.Select different model Voltage-stablizer all can, as long as the voltage of demand can be realized.

From opening circuit：Because sunlight is having time limitation, the illumination in the general Northern Hemisphere is having time section, in summer day Go out generally at 5 points or so, sunset is 6：50 or so.Sunrise time in winter meeting phase delay, sunset time can shift to an earlier date.Since sunlight When not being 24 small, then the energy that solar panel provides is interrupted.Because this controller is that battery is not required as storage Stand-by power source, so startup and stopping that motor can be regular.So existing brushless direct-current controller is that do not possess self-starting Ability.So this controller is improved on the basis of previous DC brushless controller.Shown in Fig. 4, sampling is adjustable Resistance R4 input terminals are derived from the total input terminal of power supply, and connect a zener diode D1, then the polar capacitor C7 that connects, capacitance The resistance R5 of one 2.2K of both ends parallel connection, the cathode of polar capacitor C7 take+14 volts at LM317 ends.Polar capacitor C7 is connected in parallel on light The both ends of coupling luminescent device are input terminal；The emitter connection microcontroller supply voltage of optocoupler, the collector connection partial pressure of optocoupler Resistance R6, R6 pressure end resistance is added in the input terminal of brushless motor speed controller.Because the voltage of solar photovoltaic panel is with light The enhancing of line and enhance, so the voltage of the anode of polar capacitor changes between 0~2.5V, when illumination of the sun in one day When intensity reaches maximum, then the input terminal of optocoupler 817C will turn on because the conducting voltage of optocoupler 817C 0~3V it Between, so after optocoupler 817C is turned on, the collector of the output terminal of optocoupler 817C will be transported to+the 5V for being derived from 78L05 On divider resistance R6, the pressure end of divider resistance R6 will obtain the voltage of 0~4.5V, this voltage can be added in speed control Input terminal, then driving motor rotate.The benefit of this circuit is that the electricity that solar panels are sent is unstable, then Undervoltage detection circuit will be protected, if the intensity of light is recovered.So by this, motor will be allowed at night by opening circuit certainly It is initiated self between daytime without human intervention.

This controller is used using General design, different input voltages, and the equipment of different powers of motor can use Identical sampling decision circuitry realizes the automatic starting/stopping function of controller, and battery is not required as deposit in this controller Power supply has saved the cost of redundant electrical power, and integral device weight saving, the startup and stopping that motor can be regular, then existing Brushless direct-current controller be the ability for not possessing self-starting, so base of this controller in previous DC brushless controller It is improved on plinth, ensures to be well on and work normally in the case of no redundant electrical power.

This controller also has bimodulus characteristic, and no matter whether motor accesses Hall line, controller can automatic identification, from And obtain motor rotation.This controller is wider on input voltage range.Input voltage can be just between 48V to 60V Often work, because the illumination of sun itself is exactly at times strong and at other times weak, voltage fluctuation is bigger, particularly cloudy weather voltage fluctuation It is just more frequent, so this controller can preferably adapt to the voltage fluctuation of solar panel.

Embodiment 2

Embodiment 2 is substantially the same manner as Example 1, further includes, this controller also has current sense function, three groups of MOSFET pipes Current limliting over-current detection signal is sampled in circuit into microcontroller.It is to judge motor by the reflux size for detecting power MOSFET No overload if electric current is excessive, can input a high voltage, then microcontroller main control computer will stop power to microcontroller The output of MOSFET pipes, so as to play the role of protecting controller and motor.

Embodiment 3

Embodiment 3 is substantially the same manner as Example 1, further includes remote monitoring function, remote monitoring：This programme is additionally provided with object Networked terminals.Internet-of-things terminal is that Sensor Network network layers and transport network layer are connected in Internet of Things, realizes gathered data and to network The equipment that layer sends data.Internet-of-things terminal perceives (sensing) interface by periphery substantially, and central processing module and external communication connect Three parts of mouth form, and perceive interface by periphery is connected with sensing equipment, such as RFID card reader, infrared inductor, environment biography Sensor etc. after the data of these sensing equipments are read out and are handled by central processing module, according to procotol, passes through External communication interface, such as：The modes such as GPRS module, Ethernet interface, WIFI are sent to the designated centers processing platform of Ethernet. In order to preferably safeguard aerator, among current internet of things equipment is also dissolved into this controller by this controller, so as to equipment Carry out remote control.As shown in Figure 5：J1 is brushless motor Hall input line, takes up an official post from resistance R7, R8, R9 and takes the voltage of a bit Signal is sent into the input terminal of Fig. 4, this is obtained from the voltage for 0~31V that Hall element obtains by 7805 reduction voltage circuits of Fig. 6 One+5V power supply.The solid-state relay of a 5V, after motor normally starts, solid-state relay are driven with the power supply of this+5V The opened point of device will be closed, and thus achieve the signal of a switching value.The closure contact of solid-state relay is connected to object The digital quantity input terminal of networked terminals, internet-of-things terminal will be sent to this enabling signal by the network of mobile operator Internet of Things accepting device, we can be in the operating condition of remote monitoring to equipment.

Internet of Things is the important component of generation information technology.The English name of Internet of Things is " The Internet of things”.As its name suggests, Internet of Things is exactly " internet that object object is connected ".With the fast development of international Internet of Things industry, Substantial amounts of information technology is used, and information technology improves the accuracy and real-time of monitoring system, modern Internet of Things Development trend：The systematization trend of Internet of Things, the Informational Trend of Internet of Things, Internet of Things and commercial stream, information it is flow integrated become Gesture etc..Also, Internet of Things can improve economic development, substantially reduce cost, and Internet of Things will be widely used in intelligent transportation, ring Border is protected, the field of public safety.This controller incorporates Internet of Things wherein, directly inside the controller connection power supply signal and Control signal, so as to the operating condition of better monitoring device, this is a big advantage place of this controller.

Schematically the invention and embodiments thereof are described above, this describe it is no restricted, not In the case of the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Institute in attached drawing What is shown is also one of embodiment of the invention, and actual structure is not limited thereto, any attached in claim Icon note should not limit involved claim.So if those of ordinary skill in the art are enlightened by it, do not departing from In the case of this creation objective, the frame mode similar to the technical solution and embodiment are not inventively designed, it should all Belong to the protection domain of this patent.In addition, one word of " comprising " is not excluded for other elements or step, "one" word before the component It is not excluded for including " multiple " element.The multiple element stated in claim to a product can also by an element by software or Person hardware is realized.The first, the second grade words are used to indicate names, and are not represented any particular order.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of solar energy brushless controller, the control circuit including controller housing and inside, it is characterised in that：Control electricity Road includes microcontroller governor circuit, the hall signal of microcontroller governor circuit input brushless motor, speed controling signal, current limliting mistake Stream detection signal, brake signal, export the operating of the prime drive signal control brushless motor of electronic commutator, and power circuit obtains The electricity of solar panel is taken to carry out device and motor power supply in order to control after transformation, has further included from circuit is opened, has opened circuit control certainly The startup of brushless motor processed.

2. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electronic commutator 6 Power MOSFET tube forms, and MOSFET pipes VT1, VT4 form the bridge arm of brushless motor A phase windings, and VT3, VT6 form brushless motor The bridge arm of B phase windings, VT5, VT2 form the bridge arm of brushless motor C phase windings, and voltage-drop loading is at the both ends of three groups of MOSFET pipes.

3. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is taken in three groups of MOSFET pipe circuits Sample current limliting over-current detection signal is into microcontroller.

4. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The power circuit includes two Group power supply, one group is power MOSFET driving powers, and another group is microcontroller, motor Hall power supply.

5. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The power MOSFET drivings Power supply is 14V, and microcontroller, motor Hall power supply are 5V.

6. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Described opens circuit bag certainly It includes：Adjustable resistance R4 is sampled, sampling adjustable resistance R4 input terminals are derived from the total input terminal of power supply, and connect a zener diode D1, Connect a polar capacitor C7 again, and the resistance R5 of one 2.2K of capacitance both ends parallel connection, the cathode of polar capacitor C7 takes MOSFET to manage Supply voltage, polar capacitor C7 is connected in parallel on the both ends of optocoupler luminescent device, is input terminal；The emitter connection microcontroller of optocoupler Supply voltage, collector connection divider resistance R6, the R6 pressure end resistance of optocoupler are added in the input of brushless motor speed controller End.

7. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Further include internet-of-things terminal With interface of internet of things circuit.

8. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Internet-of-things terminal includes periphery and feels Know interface, three parts of central processing module and external communication interface form, and perceive interface by periphery is connected with sensing equipment, It is logical by outside according to procotol after the data of these sensing equipments are read out and are handled by central processing module Communication interface is sent to the designated centers processing platform of Ethernet.

9. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Interface of internet of things circuit, including Appoint by three resistance R7, R8, R9 on three-phase for brushless motor Hall input line J1, Hall input line J1 and take R7, R8, R9 The voltage signal of any is sent into the voltage from the input terminal for opening circuit, obtained from Hall element and passes through internet-of-things terminal power circuit Reduction voltage circuit obtain a supply voltage, supply voltage is solid-state relay power supply, and the closure contact of solid-state relay is connect To the digital quantity input terminal of internet-of-things terminal.

10. a kind of solar energy brushless controller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The controller further includes Driving plate is shown, by showing that the display screen on driving plate drive control device shell is shown.