CN206683575U - A kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device, and the position for needing to monitor inside dam body buries more rib stainless steel plates, line of vector body is anchored at stainless steel plate center；Wire body monitored down erection of equipment is in the wedge formula observation room in embedded dam body downstream face；Roof sets GNSS reception antennas, bottom plate corner installation two-axis inclinometer, obtains the overall 6 dimension displacement in observation room；Combined type observation room wall upstream wall reserves the wide seam for introducing vector wire body, and wire body is tensioned by observing fixed pulley fixed in room and hanging weight counterweight；Wire body angle is measured by wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus；Wire body axial elongation is measured by coaxial rotating potentiometric displacement meter on fixed pulley and considers the districution temperature amendment of wire body axial direction；Dam body interior three-dimensional displacement is obtained by sensor measured value combination three-level Coordinate Conversion.The utility model measurement accuracy is high, stability is good, reliability is high.

Description

A kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device

Technical field

The utility model belongs to hydroelectric project technical field, and in particular to a kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement Device.

Background technology

The internal modification that superelevation earth and rockfill dam stores phase and initial operating stage in the construction time, just is bigger, particularly sedimentation and deformation, existing There is internal modification monitoring method that vertical displacement and horizontal displacement are separately monitored, tube-type settlement instrument and tension wire is respectively adopted Formula horizontal displacement meter is monitored, and have ignored the coupling between horizontal displacement and vertical displacement, and directly by tension wire horizontal position Move the flexible of meter axis direction and be used as the direction horizontal displacement of measuring point upstream and downstream, approximate error is big, in particular for superelevation earth and rockfill dam Inside large deformation.In fact, measuring point sedimentation and deformation will cause to be embedded in tension wire type horizontal displacement meter wire body side inside dam body To changing, it is impossible to fixed downstream-directed horizontal always.With the emergence of 300 meter level superelevation earth and rockfill dams, sheet Art personnel are necessary to provide a kind of actual measurement device of horizontal displacement and vertical displacement coupling.

Utility model content

For above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, it is good, reliable that the utility model provides a kind of measurement accuracy height, stability Property high superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device.

To achieve the above object, the utility model employs following technical scheme：

Device is surveyed in a kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation, and it is stainless that more ribs are buried at the position for needing to monitor inside dam body Steel plate represents as measuring point, and at stainless steel plate center, anchoring line of vector body is the vector wire body of stainless steel；Downstream dam body is embedding Entering has wedge shaped combined type observation room, and the outer surface in observation room is in approximately the same plane with downstream dam facing；Combined type is seen Ell includes bottom plate, wall, roof, and wall upstream wall reserves the wide seam for introducing vector wire body, to adapt to each portion of dam body Position relative deformation；Wire body is tensioned by the extension weight counterweight observed fixed pulley fixed in room and hung in its end, the bottom The wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus for slide rail with a scale is embedded with plate, being set in wire body along slide rail with a scale slidably, on roof Provided with GNSS antenna, bottom plate corner is also equipped with two-axis inclinometer to coordinate GNSS antenna to obtain the deformation of observation room；It is described fixed sliding Rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter is coaxially provided with wheel；

Wherein, be also equipped with the wall of the axis of dam for correct wire body Axial Thermal deformation thermometer and with The data for observing measuring instrument (such as thermometer, rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter, two-axis inclinometer) communication connection in room are automatic Harvester, the number biography device with the communication of higher level's computer bidirectional.By prior in higher level's computer during temperature adjustmemt The dam body temperature field FEM model of foundation, the temperature measured value for passing device collection with number by automatic data collection are used as dynamic Boundary condition, distribution of the temperature along wire body protection pipe is calculated, so as to realize the distributed amendment of wire body length.

Preferably, the lightweight sleeve pipe and lightweight sleeve pipe that wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus includes being set in wire body are fixed as one The universal joint of body, vertical universal-joint and along the slidable rod-type displacement meter of slide rail with a scale, be fixed on it is double on universal joint Axle dipmeter；Rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter is coaxially provided with the fixed pulley.

Further, the slide rail with a scale is provided with hollow cylinder chute, and the rod-type displacement meter passes through cylinder slide bar In hollow cylinder chute slidably.

Preferably, the fixed pulley is fixed on the bottom plate in observation room.

Preferably, the width is seamed as wire body can be made to adapt to deform in dam, effectively overcomes the relative movement of observation room to vector Wire body causes the elasticity of constraint to can adjust hole.

Preferably, the combined type observation room is put together by left surface wall italic and right flank wall italic, is observed Room downstream is concordant with dam body to leave door；Wherein, bottom plate, wall, roof use precast construction.

Further, GNSS antenna installation pedestal is reserved on the roof；Reserve two-axis inclinometer installation pedestal in bottom plate corner.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are：

1), the utility model uses three-level coordinate system, realizes accurate description and the amendment of dam body internal displacement：

First, existing mechanical tension wire horizontal displacement gauge only measures axis elongation shortening, the change of wire body space angle, temperature are not considered Degree is corrected and thinks that the vertical axis of dam points to dam body downstream to wire body always all the time, and also without temperature adjustmemt, the utility model was both The change of wire body space angle is measured, the elongation for also measuring wire body is shortened, and passes through higher level's computer during temperature adjustmemt The dam body temperature field FEM model inside established in advance, the temperature measured value for passing device collection with number by automatic data collection are made For dynamic boundary condition, distribution of the temperature along wire body protection pipe is calculated, so as to realize the distributed amendment of wire body length；

Second, existing mechanical tension wire horizontal displacement gauge can only actually obtain the inside and outside relative deformation of wire body axial direction, no The horizontal displacement of big above and below the dam direction can be accurately obtained, horizontal distortion and the sedimentation in axis of dam direction, this practicality can not be obtained It is new by considering wire body space angle amendment, the horizontal displacement of big above and below the dam direction can not only be obtained, moreover it is possible to obtain the axis of dam Sedimentation on the horizontal distortion and vertical direction in direction；

Third, existing mechanical tension wire horizontal displacement gauge is modified using optical triangulation shape net or collimation line method, due to triangle Shape net or collimation measurement settling time length, making time evening so that the construction time just stores phase major part dam deformation process not Monitored in time, the utility model combination combined type observation room, part-structure is prefabricated, and the construction time can also install rapidly, can Deformation measured value amendment is obtained as early as possible.

2) the novel combination type observation room, used in the utility model is using integral prefabricated wedge shaped embedded structure and in advance Embedded component, realize that the quick of construction time is come into operation, realize the measurement and measured value amendment to internal modification as early as possible comprehensively, do not influence Dam body downstream face overall appearance, specifically：

First, existing internal sedimentation and deformation amendment is to carry out settlement modification using optics Level Surveying Method in the later stage, due to level Measurement needs to establish levelling network, if the net time is long, making time is late, length of interior field operation time so that the construction time just stores phase big portion Point deformation inside dam process does not all monitor.The combined type observation room that the utility model uses, part-structure is prefabricated, construction Phase can install rapidly, can obtain sedimentation measured value amendment as early as possible；

Second, the utility model combined type observes room, bottom plate, wall and roof use precast construction, reserved steel bar connection With cement grouting space；Fixed pulley support member, the slide rail with a scale for fixing wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus are reserved on bottom plate, is hung down Wall pre-embedded thermometer and automatic data collection and the number of the straight axis of dam pass device, are introduced parallel to axis of dam upstream wall is reserved GNSS antenna installation pedestal, the reserved installation horizontal beam high-precision dual-axis dipmeter in bottom plate corner are reserved in the wide seam of wire body, roof Pedestal, the convenient construction phase, installation was come into operation rapidly；Observation room band GNSS after building up is observed room roof, vertical position Monitoring is moved, room bottom corner installation two-axis inclinometer, the anglec of rotation for observing three orthogonal directions in room is obtained using averaging method.Observation Pre-buried track with a scale in room, ensure that universal joint can synchronized tracking wire body be slidably on vertical wire body direction.

Third, installing thermometer in observation room, boundary condition is provided to numerical simulation, obtaining the change of dam internal temperature influences Depth, so as to correct the deformation of wire body Axial Thermal.

Fourth, fixing fixed pulley in observation room, wire body is tensioned when for measuring；Usual situation, which reduces, hangs weight, reduces line Crept caused by the long-term tension of body.

3) obtained by GNSS, bottom plate corner two-axis inclinometer in the novel combination type observation room, used in the utility model Take observation room mobile and conjugate, wire body direction is obtained by the two-axis inclinometer being fixed on universal joint, realization accurately measures dam Body internal modification.Consider that dam deformation causes wire body orientation to change, the utility model observation room is also adjustable using elasticity Hole, can effectively overcome wire body by observation room constraint cause wire body to bend the problem of.

4) in summary, combined type observation room of the present utility model takes into full account that the construction time deforms the influence to measured value, adopts With three-level coordinate system and New Sensing Technology, consider that dam body complex deformation surveys the influence of device to internal modification comprehensively, it is real Now correct and extract comprehensively more deformation informations；By observing room precast construction and fastener inserts, the observation room construction time is realized Fast Installation so that internal modification actual measurement device effectively comes into operation as early as possible.The utility model not only can accurately obtain internal change The each displacement component of shape, but also can mutually be checked with water-pipe type settlement instrument, avoid the occurrence of current mechanical tension wire horizontal displacement gauge Wire body contacts the situation of the influences such as turn measurement with protection pipe, can also obtain the deformation of three orthogonal directions inside dam body.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is internal modification measurement apparatus schematic diagram of the present utility model (part-structure is not drawn into).

Fig. 2 is the utility model one-level dam global coordinate system.

Fig. 3 a are that the utility model observes room two level coordinate system.

Fig. 3 b are that the utility model observes room structure and two-axis inclinometer scheme of installation.

Fig. 4 a are the dual coordinate system Physical architecture figure of three-level.

Fig. 4 b are the dual coordinate system physics base of three-level and track top view.

Fig. 4 c are that the dual coordinate system physics base of three-level and track found diagram (vertical wire body direction).

Fig. 5 is the dual coordinate system correlation schematic diagram of three-level (rectangular co-ordinate overlaps with polar origin).

The implication of label symbol is as follows in figure：

1- dam body 2- stainless steel plate 3- vector wire body 30- wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus

300- lightweight sleeve pipe 301- universal joint 302- rod-type displacement meters

4- combined types observe the wide seams of room 40- bottom plate 41- walls 410-

42- roofs 5- fixed pulley 50- rotational potentiometer formula displacement meters 6- hangs weight counterweight

7- slide rail 70- hollow cylinders chute 71- cylinder slide bars with a scale

8- two-axis inclinometer 9-GNSS antennas

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the utility model is carried out it is clear, It is fully described by.Following examples are only used for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the utility model, and can not be limited with this The scope of protection of the utility model processed.

A kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device

As shown in Figure 1, 2, the embedded stainless steel plate 2 in the inside of dam body 1 represents as measuring point, in the central anchor of stainless steel plate 2 Gu vector wire body 3, vector wire body 3 compared to tension wire body of the prior art be only used as benchmark, it is different when measure orientation and length Spend different, it obtains wire body orientation and length simultaneously；Downstream dam body 10 is embedded with wedge shaped combined type observation room 4, such as Shown in Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b, combined type observation room 4 is put together by left surface wall italic and right flank wall italic, is observed under room Trip is concordant with dam downstream face to be left door (the overall embedded dam body 1 in combined type observation room 4, seismic behavior height, is avoided in earthquake House has first been ruined and can not observe critical data；And can be with flat moulded prefabricated, observation room downstream is concordant with dam facing downstream, leaves Door does not influence dam facing downstream intervisibility), the specific observation room includes bottom plate 40, wall 41, roof 42, wall 41, upstream Wall surface remains for the wide seam 410 of lead-in body in advance；Wire body is hung with extension by observing fixed pulley 5 fixed in room in its end Weight counterweight 6 (equally observation room in), the wire body orientation for slide rail 7 with a scale is embedded with the bottom plate 40, being set in wire body Along slide rail 7 with a scale slidably, roof 42 is provided with GNSS antenna 9 to measurement apparatus 30, and 40 4 jiaos of bottom plate also installs bi-axial tilt Instrument 8 with coordinate GNSS antenna 9 obtain observation room deformation, both integrate obtain observation room mutually orthogonal direction on three-dimensional translating and Three dimensional rotation totally 6 dimension displacement.

As shown in fig. 4 a, the lightweight sleeve pipe 300 that the wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus 30 includes being set in wire body (ensures Sleeve pipe and wire body the same space orientation), the universal joint 301, the vertical universal-joint 301 that are fixed as one with lightweight sleeve pipe 300 And along the slidable rod-type displacement meter 302 of slide rail 7 with a scale, the two-axis inclinometer 8 being fixed on universal joint 301；It is described fixed sliding Rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter 50 is coaxially provided with wheel 5, the flexible of wire body axis direction is revolved by high accuracy coaxial on fixed pulley 5 Turn potentiometric displacement meter 50 to measure；

In addition, be also equipped with the wall 41 of the axis of dam for correct wire body Axial Thermal deformation thermometer and With observing the data of measuring instrument (such as thermometer, rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter, two-axis inclinometer) communication connection in room certainly Dynamic harvester, the number biography device (being not drawn into figure) with the communication of higher level's computer bidirectional.

Specifically, as shown in Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, the slide rail 7 with a scale is provided with hollow cylinder chute 70, the rod-type Displacement meter 302 by cylinder slide bar 71 in hollow cylinder chute 70 slidably.

Thermometer is installed inside the observation room, the influence depth of temperature change is obtained using method for numerical simulation, and Wire body thermal expansion or cold events amount using temperature measured value amendment influence depth, for accurately obtaining because internal modification is led The deformation of the stainless steel plate wire body axis direction of cause.

The fixed pulley 5 is fixed on the bottom plate 40 in observation room, is tensioned wire body when for measuring, can in the case of usually Reduce and hang weight, crept caused by the reduction long-term tension of wire body, increase its service life.

The elasticity that the wide seam 410 of the observation upstream wall surface of room 4 is set to adapt to dam deformation can adjust hole, Neng Gouyou Effect overcomes wire body to be bent problem by wire body caused by observing room constraint.

The combined type observation room 4 is put together by left surface wall italic and right flank wall italic, observes room downstream It is concordant with dam body 1 to leave door；Wherein, bottom plate 40, wall 41, roof 42 use precast construction.It is described perpendicular to the axis of dam 41 pre-buried thermometer of wall and data acquisition and transmission equipment；Reserve the installation pedestal of GNSS antenna 9 in roof 42；40 4 jiaos of bottom plate The reserved installation pedestal of two-axis inclinometer 8.

The measurement method of above-mentioned superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device

Comprise the following steps：

It is 1. orthogonal using three of iterative filtering acquisition observation room using the stable basic point in dam end and observation roof GNSS measuring points The movement in direction；Stable basic point can be selected directly when there is stable rock, when in the absence of used when stablizing basement rock reversed pendulum and pair Metal mark is modified, and both are corrected using automatic measurement, and data are directly substituted into GNSS iteration system softwares and are iterated；

2. the three of observation room is obtained using arithmetic average using the two-axis inclinometer (8) for observing the installation of room bottom plate (40) corner The corner α, β, γ of individual orthogonal direction；

3. assuming that observation room is rigid body, integrally sat using observation room two level coordinate system versus primary dam 1. and is 2. obtained The translation of mark system and rotational parameters；

4. universal center is set as into the three-level coordinate origin, eventually arrived at using cylinder slide bar (71) after deformation Slide rail end points absolute coordinate, slide rail high scale and universal joint (301) bottom rod-type displacement meter (302), so as to obtain observation Three translation parameter ps of the three-level coordinate with respect to two level coordinate in room_x, p_y, p_z；

5. wire body is obtained in spherical coordinate system because dam deformation causes with reference to two-axis inclinometer (8) on universal joint (301) Angle (Φ, θ) change, utilize rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter (50) and thermometer amendment to obtain one-dimensional r radial directions on spherical coordinates Change；Wherein, r is that radius vector lengt is the space displacement length that measuring point deforms in spherical coordinate system, and Φ is r and o-x-y planes Angle, θ is that radius vector project and the angle of x-axis in o-x-y planes；Using measuring point in above-mentioned three-dimensional coordinate acquisition dam three 3 D deformation (Δ r, ΔΦ, Δ θ) in level reference axis；

6. the three-level coordinate uses dual coordinate, rectangular co-ordinate and polar coordinates keep origin to be sat using ball in same point Relation between mark system and rectangular coordinate system, three Cartesian coordinates deformation component (Δ is changed into by (Δ r, ΔΦ, Δ θ) x,Δy,Δz)；Wherein, x, y, z represent the respective component in spherical coordinates corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system；

As shown in figure 5, the transformational relation between spherical coordinates and rectangular coordinate system is：

r²=z²+x²+y²

(r, Φ, θ) two-axis inclinometer and amendment r measured values as corresponding to three-level spherical coordinate system obtains；

7. using 4. obtaining three-level rectangular co-ordinate with respect to the relation between two level coordinate, with reference to 3. by Coordinate Conversion by three Level three Cartesian coordinates deformation component (Δ x, Δ y, Δ z) be converted under one-level coordinate system three-dimensional component (Δ X, Δ Y, ΔZ)；The three-dimensional component corresponds to upstream and downstream direction, left and right banks direction and the displacement in direction perpendicular to the ground inside dam body respectively；

Three Cartesian coordinates conversion formula is as follows：

Wherein α, beta, gamma are the anglec of rotation of observation three orthogonal directions in room,p_x, p_y, p_zFor translation Component be 4. in three translation parameters.

Described above is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, it is noted that for the common skill of the art For art personnel, on the premise of the utility model technical principle is not departed from, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these change Enter and deform and also should be regarded as the scope of protection of the utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A kind of 1. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device, it is characterised in that：The position monitored is needed inside dam body (1) Bury more rib stainless steel plates (2) to represent as measuring point, in stainless steel plate (2) center anchoring line of vector body (3)；Downstream dam body (10) The outer surface for being embedded with wedge shaped combined type observation room (4) and observation room is in approximately the same plane with downstream dam facing；Combination Formula observation room (4) includes bottom plate (40), wall (41), roof (42), and wall (41) upstream wall is reserved for introducing line of vector The wide seam (410) of body (3), to adapt to each position relative deformation of dam body；Wire body by observe fixed pulley fixed in room (5) and In its end, the extension weight counterweight (6) of suspension is tensioned, and is embedded with slide rail with a scale (7) on the bottom plate (40), is set in wire body Wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus (30) along slide rail with a scale (7) slidably, roof (42) are provided with GNSS antenna (9), bottom plate (40) corner is also equipped with two-axis inclinometer (8) to coordinate GNSS antenna (9) to obtain the deformation of observation room；On the fixed pulley (5) It is coaxially provided with rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter (50)；

   Wherein, be provided with the wall (41) of the axis of dam for correct wire body Axial Thermal deformation thermometer and with sight The number for automatic data collection device and higher level's computer bidirectional communication that measuring instrument communicates to connect in ell passes device.
2. A kind of 2. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The line What the lightweight sleeve pipe (300) and lightweight sleeve pipe (300) that body azimuthal measurement apparatus (30) includes being set in wire body were fixed as one Universal joint (301), vertical universal-joint (301) and along the slidable rod-type displacement meter (302) of slide rail with a scale (7), fixed Two-axis inclinometer (8) on universal joint (301).
3. A kind of 3. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The band Scale slide rail (7) is provided with hollow cylinder chute (70), and the rod-type displacement meter (302) is by cylinder slide bar (71) in open circles In post chute (70) slidably.
4. A kind of 4. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The width Seam (410) is set to adapt to the adjustable hole of elasticity that dam deformation is easy to vector wire body (3) to pass through.
5. A kind of 5. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described fixed Pulley (5) is fixed on the bottom plate (40) in observation room.
6. A kind of 6. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described group Box-like observation room (4) is put together by left surface wall italic and right flank wall italic, and observation room is flat with downstream dam body (10) Leave door together；Wherein, bottom plate (40), wall (41), roof (42) use precast construction.
7. A kind of 7. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The room Push up (42) and reserve GNSS antenna (9) installation pedestal；Reserve two-axis inclinometer (8) installation pedestal in bottom plate (40) corner.