CN206683575U - A kind of superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside a super-high earth-rock dam, in which a multi-ribbon stainless steel plate is buried in a position to be monitored inside the dam body, and a vector line body is anchored in the center of the stainless steel plate; the downstream monitoring facilities of the line body are installed downstream of the embedded dam body In the wedge-shaped combined observation room in the plane; GNSS receiving antennas are installed on the roof, and biaxial inclinometers are installed at the four corners of the bottom plate to obtain the overall 6-dimensional displacement of the observation room; the upstream wall of the combined observation room is reserved for the introduction of vector lines Wide slits, the thread body is tensioned by fixed pulleys and hanging weights fixed in the observation room; the thread body angle is measured by the thread body azimuth measuring device; the axial elongation of the thread body is displaced by the coaxial rotary potentiometer on the fixed pulley The meter measures and considers the temperature correction of the axial distribution of the line body; the three-dimensional displacement inside the dam body is obtained by combining the sensor measurement value with the three-level coordinate transformation. The utility model has high measuring precision, good stability and high reliability.

Description

A three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside a super-high earth-rockfill dam

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydropower engineering, in particular to a three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside a super-high earth-rock dam.

Background technique

The internal deformation of ultra-high earth-rockfill dams during the construction period, initial storage period and initial operation period is relatively large, especially the settlement deformation. The existing internal deformation monitoring method separates vertical displacement and horizontal displacement monitoring, and uses water pipe settlement instruments and tension lines respectively. It ignores the coupling between horizontal displacement and vertical displacement, and directly takes the extension and contraction of the tension line horizontal displacement meter axis direction as the horizontal displacement of the upstream and downstream directions of the measuring point, and the approximation error is large, especially for super high Large internal deformation of the earth-rockfill dam. In fact, the settlement deformation of the measuring point will cause the line body direction of the tension-type horizontal displacement gauge buried inside the dam body to change, and it is impossible to always point horizontally to the downstream direction. With the continuous emergence of 300-meter superhigh earth-rockfill dams, it is necessary for those skilled in the art to provide an actual measurement device for coupling horizontal displacement and vertical displacement.

Utility model content

Aiming at the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside a super-high earth-rock dam with high measurement accuracy, good stability and high reliability.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside a super-high earth-rock dam. Multi-ribbon stainless steel plates are embedded in the parts that need to be monitored inside the dam body as the representative of the measuring points, and the vector line body is anchored in the center of the stainless steel plate, that is, the vector line body made of stainless steel; the downstream dam body is embedded with A wedge-shaped combined observation room, and the outer surface of the observation room is in the same plane as the downstream dam surface; the combined observation room includes a bottom plate, a wall, and a roof, and the upstream wall of the wall is reserved for introducing vector lines wide slits to adapt to the relative deformation of each part of the dam body; the line body is tensioned through fixed pulleys fixed in the observation room and hanging weights hanging at The line body azimuth measuring device on the line body can slide along the graduated slide rail, the GNSS antenna is installed on the roof, and the two-axis inclinometer is installed at the four corners of the bottom plate to cooperate with the GNSS antenna to obtain the deformation of the observation room; the coaxial device on the fixed pulley There is a rotary potentiometer displacement gauge;

Among them, the wall perpendicular to the axis of the dam is also installed with a thermometer for correcting the axial thermal deformation of the line body and a communication connection with the measuring instruments in the observation room (such as thermometers, rotary potentiometer displacement gauges, biaxial inclinometers, etc.). Automatic data collection device, data transmission device for two-way communication with the upper computer. In the temperature correction process, the dam body temperature field finite element model established in advance in the upper-level computer is used as the dynamic boundary condition through the temperature measurement value collected by the automatic data collection and digital transmission device, and the temperature distribution along the body protection tube is calculated, so as to realize the line Distributed correction of body length.

Preferably, the line body azimuth measuring device includes a light casing sleeved on the line body, a universal joint fixed integrally with the light casing, a rod type vertically connected to the universal joint and slidable along a graduated slide rail. A displacement meter, a biaxial inclinometer fixed on the universal joint; a rotary potentiometer type displacement meter is coaxially arranged on the fixed pulley.

Further, the graduated sliding rail is provided with a hollow cylindrical chute, and the rod-type displacement gauge is slidable in the hollow cylindrical chute through the cylindrical sliding rod.

Preferably, the fixed pulley is fixed on the bottom plate of the observation room.

Preferably, the wide slit is set as an elastically adjustable hole that enables the line body to adapt to the deformation in the dam and effectively overcomes the restraint of the vector line body caused by the relative movement of the observation room.

Preferably, the combined observation room is composed of the oblique body of the vertical wall on the left side and the oblique body of the vertical wall on the right side, and the downstream of the observation room is flush with the dam body with a door; prefabricated structure.

Further, the roof reserves a GNSS antenna installation base; the four corners of the bottom plate reserve a dual-axis inclinometer installation base.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects of:

1), the utility model adopts a three-level coordinate system to realize the accurate description and correction of the internal displacement of the dam body:

First, the existing tension line horizontal displacement meter only measures the elongation and shortening of the axis, does not consider the change of the space angle of the line body, temperature correction, and always considers that the line body is always perpendicular to the dam axis and points to the downstream of the dam body, and does not perform temperature correction. The new type not only measures the change of the space angle of the line body, but also measures the elongation and shortening of the line body. During the temperature correction process, the dam body temperature field finite element model established in the upper-level computer is used, and the data is automatically collected and collected by the digital transmission device. The temperature measurement value is used as a dynamic boundary condition to calculate the distribution of temperature along the protection tube of the line body, so as to realize the distributed correction of the line body length;

Second, the existing tension line horizontal displacement gauge can actually only obtain the relative deformation of the inner and outer parts of the line body in the axial direction, and cannot accurately obtain the horizontal displacement in the upstream and downstream directions of the dam, let alone the horizontal deformation and settlement in the axial direction of the dam. The utility model can not only obtain the horizontal displacement in the upstream and downstream directions of the dam, but also obtain the horizontal deformation in the direction of the dam axis and the settlement in the vertical direction by considering the correction of the space angle of the line body;

Third, the existing tension line horizontal displacement meter is corrected by optical triangular network or collimation method. Due to the long time of establishment and late investment of triangular network or collimation measurement, most of the dams will be deformed during the construction period or initial storage period. The process has not been monitored in time. The utility model is combined with a combined observation room, and part of the structure is prefabricated. It can also be installed quickly during the construction period, and the deformation measurement value correction can be obtained as soon as possible.

2) The new combined observation room used in this utility model adopts the overall prefabricated wedge-shaped embedded structure and pre-embedded components, so that it can be quickly put into use during the construction period, and the measurement of internal deformation and the correction of measured values can be fully realized as soon as possible. Affect the overall appearance of the downstream surface of the dam body, specifically:

First, the existing internal settlement deformation correction is to use the optical leveling method for settlement correction in the later stage. Since the leveling survey needs to establish a leveling network, it takes a long time to set up the network, the investment time is late, and the internal and external operation time is long, making most of the construction period or initial storage period The internal deformation process of the dam has not been monitored. The combined observation room adopted by the utility model has prefabricated part of the structure, can be quickly installed during the construction period, and can obtain the correction of the settlement measurement value as soon as possible;

Second, in the combined observation room of the present utility model, the base plate, wall body and roof adopt prefabricated structure, and space for steel bar connection and cement pouring is reserved; the fixed pulley support is reserved on the base plate, and the belt scale for fixing the line body azimuth measuring device is reserved. Slide rails, pre-embedded thermometers in the wall perpendicular to the dam axis and automatic data collection and data transmission devices, the upstream wall parallel to the dam axis is reserved for the wide slit of the lead-in body, the roof is reserved for the GNSS antenna installation base, and the four corners of the bottom plate are reserved Install a horizontal beam type high-precision dual-axis inclinometer base, which is convenient for rapid installation and use during the construction period; after the completion of the observation room, GNSS is used to observe the horizontal and vertical displacement monitoring of the roof of the house, and dual-axis inclinometers are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the house, and the average method is used to obtain observations The rotation angles of the three orthogonal directions of the room. The scale track is pre-buried in the observation room to ensure that the universal joint can synchronously track the line body and slide freely in the direction of the vertical line body.

Third, a thermometer is installed in the observation room to provide boundary conditions for the numerical simulation and obtain the depth affected by the temperature change inside the dam, thereby correcting the axial thermal deformation of the line body.

Fourth, the fixed pulley is fixed in the observation room, which is used to tension the wire body during measurement; in normal circumstances, the hanging weight is reduced, and the creep caused by the long-term tension of the wire body is reduced.

3) The new combined observation room adopted in this utility model obtains the movement and displacement of the observation room through GNSS and the biaxial inclinometers at the four corners of the base plate, and obtains the direction of the line body through the biaxial inclinometers fixed on the universal joint to realize Accurately measure the internal deformation of the dam body. Considering that the deformation of the dam leads to changes in the orientation of the line body, the observation room of the utility model also uses elastic adjustable holes, which can effectively overcome the problem that the line body is bound by the observation room and cause the line body to bend.

4) To sum up, the combined observation room of this utility model fully considers the influence of deformation on the measured value during the construction period, adopts a three-level coordinate system and new sensing technology, and fully considers the influence of the complex deformation of the dam body on the internal deformation measuring device , to achieve comprehensive correction and extraction of more deformation information; through the prefabricated structure and pre-embedded components of the observation room, the rapid installation of the observation room during the construction period is realized, so that the internal deformation measurement device can be effectively put into use as soon as possible. The utility model can not only accurately obtain each displacement component of the internal deformation, but also can check with the water tube type settlement instrument to avoid the situation that the current drawing line horizontal displacement gauge line body contacts the protection tube and so on, which affects the measurement, and can also obtain Deformation in three orthogonal directions inside the dam body.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal deformation measuring device of the present invention (partial structures are not shown).

Fig. 2 is the overall coordinate system of the first-level dam of the utility model.

Fig. 3a is the secondary coordinate system of the observation room of the utility model.

Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the observation room and the installation of the dual-axis inclinometer of the utility model.

Figure 4a is a physical frame diagram of a three-level dual coordinate system.

Figure 4b is a top view of the physical base and track of the three-level dual coordinate system.

Figure 4c is an elevational view of the physical base and track of the three-level dual coordinate system (vertical line body direction).

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the three-level dual coordinate system (rectangular coordinates coincide with the origin of polar coordinates).

The meanings of the marked symbols in the figure are as follows:

1-dam body 2-stainless steel plate 3-vector line body 30-line body azimuth measuring device

300-light casing 301-universal joint 302-rod displacement gauge

4-combined observation room 40-bottom plate 41-wall 410-wide seam

42-roof 5-fixed pulley 50-rotary potentiometer type displacement gauge 6-hanging weight

7-Sliding rail with scale 70-Hollow cylindrical sliding groove 71-Cylindrical sliding rod

8-Dual-axis inclinometer 9-GNSS antenna

detailed description

The technical solution in the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the utility model.

A three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside a super-high earth-rockfill dam

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a stainless steel plate 2 is buried inside the dam body 1 as a representative of the measuring point, and a vector line body 3 is anchored in the center of the stainless steel plate 2. Compared with the tension line body in the prior art, the vector line body 3 It is only used as a reference, and the azimuth and length are different at different times. It obtains the azimuth and length of the line at the same time; the downstream dam body 10 is embedded with a wedge-shaped combined observation room 4, as shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b, the combined observation Room 4 is composed of the oblique body of the vertical wall on the left side and the oblique body of the vertical wall on the right side. The downstream of the observation room is flush with the downstream of the dam, and a door is left (the combined observation room 4 is embedded in the dam body 1 as a whole, and has a high earthquake resistance level, avoiding During the earthquake, the house was destroyed first and the key data could not be observed; and it can also be prefabricated and assembled, the downstream of the observation room is flush with the downstream of the dam surface, and the door is left to not affect the downstream of the dam surface), the specific observation room includes the bottom plate 40. Body of wall 41, roof 42, body of wall 41, wide seam 410 reserved for introducing the line body on the upstream wall surface; the line body is hung with a hanging weight 6 at its end through the fixed pulley 5 fixed in the observation room (also in the observation room), the base plate 40 is pre-embedded with a graduated slide rail 7, and the line body azimuth measuring device 30 sleeved on the line body can slide along the graduated slide rail 7, and the roof 42 is provided with a GNSS antenna 9. Two-axis inclinometers 8 are also installed at the four corners of the bottom plate 40 to cooperate with the GNSS antenna 9 to obtain the deformation of the observation room. The two comprehensively obtain the three-dimensional translation and three-dimensional rotation of the observation room in mutually orthogonal directions, a total of 6-dimensional displacement.

As shown in Figure 4a, the line body orientation measuring device 30 includes a lightweight sleeve 300 sleeved on the line body (to ensure the same spatial orientation of the sleeve and the line body), and a universal joint fixed with the light sleeve 300 Joint 301, vertically connected to the universal joint 301 and a rod type displacement gauge 302 that can slide along the band scale slide rail 7, a biaxial inclinometer 8 fixed on the universal joint 301; the fixed pulley 5 is coaxially provided with Rotary potentiometer type displacement meter 50, the expansion and contraction of the line body axis direction is measured by the coaxial high-precision rotary potentiometer type displacement meter 50 on the fixed pulley 5;

In addition, a thermometer for correcting the axial thermal deformation of the line body is installed on the wall 41 perpendicular to the axis of the dam, as well as a communication connection with the measuring instruments in the observation room (such as thermometers, rotary potentiometer displacement meters, biaxial inclinometers, etc.) The automatic data acquisition device, the data transmission device (not shown in the figure) of two-way communication with the superior computer.

Specifically, as shown in Fig. 4b and Fig. 4c, a hollow cylindrical chute 70 is provided on the sliding rail 7 with scale, and the rod type displacement gauge 302 can slide in the hollow cylindrical chute 70 through a cylindrical sliding rod 71.

A thermometer is installed inside the observation room, and a numerical simulation method is used to obtain the depth affected by temperature changes, and the measured value of the thermometer is used to correct the thermal expansion or contraction of the wire body affected by the depth, so as to accurately obtain the stainless steel plate wire caused by internal deformation. deformation along the body axis.

The fixed pulley 5 is fixed on the bottom plate 40 of the observation room, and is used for tensioning the wire body during measurement, which can reduce the hanging weight under normal circumstances, reduce the creep caused by the long-term tension of the wire body, and increase its service life.

The wide slit 410 on the upstream wall of the observation room 4 is set as an elastically adjustable hole adapted to the deformation of the dam body, which can effectively overcome the bending problem of the line body caused by the constraint of the observation room.

The combined observation room 4 is composed of the oblique body of the vertical wall on the left side and the oblique body of the vertical wall on the right side. The downstream of the observation room is flush with the dam body 1 and a door is left; wherein, the bottom plate 40, the wall body 41, and the roof 42 All are prefabricated. The wall 41 perpendicular to the axis of the dam is pre-embedded with thermometers and data acquisition and transmission equipment; the roof 42 is reserved for the installation base of the GNSS antenna 9; the four corners of the bottom plate 40 are reserved for the installation base of the biaxial inclinometer 8 .

The actual measurement method of the above-mentioned three-dimensional deformation measurement device inside the super-high earth-rockfill dam

Including the following steps:

①Using the stable base point at the dam end and the GNSS measuring point on the observation roof, iterative filtering is used to obtain the movement of the observation house in three orthogonal directions; the stable base point can be directly selected when there is stable rock, and inverted when there is no stable bedrock The line and the bimetallic mark are corrected, and the two are corrected by automatic measurement, and the data are directly substituted into the GNSS iteration system software for iteration;

② The two-axis inclinometer (8) installed at the four corners of the bottom plate (40) of the observation room is used to obtain the rotation angles α, β, and γ of the three orthogonal directions of the observation room by arithmetic mean;

③ Assuming that the observation room is a rigid body, use ① and ② to obtain the translation and rotation parameters of the second-level coordinate system of the observation room relative to the overall coordinate system of the first-level dam;

④Set the center of the universal joint as the origin of the three-level coordinate system, and use the absolute coordinates of the end point of the slide rail finally reached by the deformed cylindrical slide bar (71), the upper scale of the slide rail, and the rod displacement gauge at the bottom of the universal joint (301) (302), thereby obtaining three translational parameters p _x , p _y , p _z of the relative secondary coordinates of the tertiary coordinates in the observation room;

⑤ Combining the biaxial inclinometer (8) on the universal joint (301) to obtain the angle (Φ, θ) change of the line body in the spherical coordinate system due to the deformation of the dam body, using the rotary potentiometer displacement meter (50) and the thermometer Correct the one-dimensional r radial change on the spherical coordinate system; where, in the spherical coordinate system, r is the length of the vector radius, that is, the spatial displacement length of the deformation of the measuring point, Φ is the angle between r and the o-x-y plane, and θ is the vector radius on the o-x-y plane The angle between the upper projection and the x-axis; use the above three-dimensional coordinates to obtain the three-dimensional deformation (Δr, ΔΦ, Δθ) of the measuring point in the dam in the third-level coordinate axis;

⑥ The third-level coordinates adopt double coordinates, the Cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates keep the origin at the same point, and use the relationship between the spherical coordinate system and the Cartesian coordinate system to transform (Δr, ΔΦ, Δθ) into a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system deformation Components (Δx, Δy, Δz); among them, x, y, z represent the corresponding components in the spherical coordinates corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinate system;

As shown in Figure 5, the conversion relationship between spherical coordinates and rectangular coordinates is:

r ² =z ² +x ² +y ²

(r, Φ, θ) are obtained by the two-axis inclinometer corresponding to the three-level spherical coordinate system and the corrected r measurement value;

⑦ Use ④ to obtain the relationship between the third-level rectangular coordinates and the second-level coordinates, and combine ③ to transform the deformation components (Δx, Δy, Δz) of the third-level three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system into three-dimensional components under the first-level coordinate system ( ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ); the three-dimensional components correspond to the displacements in the upstream and downstream directions, the left and right bank directions, and the vertical ground direction of the dam body;

The three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system conversion formula is as follows:

Where α, β, γ are the rotation angles of the three orthogonal directions of the observation room, p _x , p _y , p _z are translational components, namely the three translational parameters in ④.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the utility model, some improvements and deformations can also be made. And deformation should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. A kind of 1. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device, it is characterised in that：The position monitored is needed inside dam body (1) Bury more rib stainless steel plates (2) to represent as measuring point, in stainless steel plate (2) center anchoring line of vector body (3)；Downstream dam body (10) The outer surface for being embedded with wedge shaped combined type observation room (4) and observation room is in approximately the same plane with downstream dam facing；Combination Formula observation room (4) includes bottom plate (40), wall (41), roof (42), and wall (41) upstream wall is reserved for introducing line of vector The wide seam (410) of body (3), to adapt to each position relative deformation of dam body；Wire body by observe fixed pulley fixed in room (5) and In its end, the extension weight counterweight (6) of suspension is tensioned, and is embedded with slide rail with a scale (7) on the bottom plate (40), is set in wire body Wire body azimuthal measurement apparatus (30) along slide rail with a scale (7) slidably, roof (42) are provided with GNSS antenna (9), bottom plate (40) corner is also equipped with two-axis inclinometer (8) to coordinate GNSS antenna (9) to obtain the deformation of observation room；On the fixed pulley (5) It is coaxially provided with rotational potentiometer formula displacement meter (50)；

   Wherein, be provided with the wall (41) of the axis of dam for correct wire body Axial Thermal deformation thermometer and with sight The number for automatic data collection device and higher level's computer bidirectional communication that measuring instrument communicates to connect in ell passes device.
2. A kind of 2. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The line What the lightweight sleeve pipe (300) and lightweight sleeve pipe (300) that body azimuthal measurement apparatus (30) includes being set in wire body were fixed as one Universal joint (301), vertical universal-joint (301) and along the slidable rod-type displacement meter (302) of slide rail with a scale (7), fixed Two-axis inclinometer (8) on universal joint (301).
3. A kind of 3. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The band Scale slide rail (7) is provided with hollow cylinder chute (70), and the rod-type displacement meter (302) is by cylinder slide bar (71) in open circles In post chute (70) slidably.
4. A kind of 4. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The width Seam (410) is set to adapt to the adjustable hole of elasticity that dam deformation is easy to vector wire body (3) to pass through.
5. A kind of 5. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described fixed Pulley (5) is fixed on the bottom plate (40) in observation room.
6. A kind of 6. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described group Box-like observation room (4) is put together by left surface wall italic and right flank wall italic, and observation room is flat with downstream dam body (10) Leave door together；Wherein, bottom plate (40), wall (41), roof (42) use precast construction.
7. A kind of 7. superelevation earth and rockfill dam interior three-dimensional deformation actual measurement device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The room Push up (42) and reserve GNSS antenna (9) installation pedestal；Reserve two-axis inclinometer (8) installation pedestal in bottom plate (40) corner.