CN110686612B - Inclination measuring device and inclination measuring method based on shape sensor - Google Patents

Inclination measuring device and inclination measuring method based on shape sensor Download PDF

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CN110686612B
CN110686612B CN201911050311.8A CN201911050311A CN110686612B CN 110686612 B CN110686612 B CN 110686612B CN 201911050311 A CN201911050311 A CN 201911050311A CN 110686612 B CN110686612 B CN 110686612B
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curvature
sensor
shape sensor
measuring point
strain
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任亮
尤润州
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness

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Abstract

The invention discloses an inclination measuring device and an inclination measuring method based on a shape sensor. The sliding clamp is fixed on the shape sensor through mechanical connection, the shape sensor slides into the inclinometer through the sliding clamp and is fixed in the inclinometer, the shape sensor comprises a thin-wall steel pipe and strain sensors, arc grooves are formed in the outer surface of the thin-wall steel pipe at intervals of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction, and the strain sensors are cemented in the arc grooves in the outer surface of the thin-wall steel pipe at intervals. The inclination measuring method obtains strain information of each measuring point through a strain sensor, and combines a shape sensing algorithm to realize horizontal displacement reconstruction of the inclination measuring pipe. The invention combines the shape sensor and the inclinometer, and has the advantages of convenient installation, high measurement precision, strong environmental adaptability and low cost.

Description

Inclination measuring device and inclination measuring method based on shape sensor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of inclination measurement, and particularly relates to an inclination measurement device and an inclination measurement method based on a shape sensor.
Background
In recent years, with the development of urban construction such as high-rise buildings and subways, the depth and scale of excavation of a foundation pit are continuously increased, and engineering accidents caused by the expansion of the depth and scale of excavation of the foundation pit are as follows: the foundation pit collapse, the peripheral soil body subside, the support system rupture also constantly increases. In order to master the stability of the foundation pit in real time and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment during construction, the importance of foundation pit monitoring in construction is increasingly prominent. The horizontal displacement of the deep layer of the foundation pit is used as the most direct embodiment of the soil state of the foundation pit, is one of important monitoring items in the construction process, and the monitoring result is important for evaluating the stability and the construction safety of the foundation pit.
At present, the horizontal displacement of the deep layer of the foundation pit is mainly measured by combining an inclinometer and an inclinometer. After the inclinometer pipe is buried, a probe of the inclinometer is placed into the pipe along an internal groove of the inclinometer pipe, and horizontal displacement values are read every 0.5m or 1m, so that the measurement method has the following limitations and disadvantages:
1. the measuring efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, the acquisition time is long, and full-automatic measurement cannot be realized.
2. The measurement accuracy is low, and data acquisition is influenced by human factors greatly, and for point measurement, the data is incomplete, is difficult to accurately reflect the global displacement change.
3. The measurement work is greatly influenced by environmental factors, and cannot be monitored under extreme environmental conditions such as rainstorm and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the inclination measuring device and the inclination measuring method based on the shape sensor, and the inclination measuring device and the inclination measuring method have the advantages of convenience in installation, high measuring precision, strong environmental adaptability and low manufacturing cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: the utility model provides an inclinometry device based on shape sensor, includes inclinometer pipe, shape sensor and slide fixture, slide fixture cup joints on the shape sensor outer wall, shape sensor slides in and fixes in the inclinometer intraduct through slide fixture.
Furthermore, the shape sensor comprises a thin-wall steel pipe and strain sensors, arc grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the thin-wall steel pipe at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumferential direction, and the strain sensors are cemented in the arc grooves on the outer surface of the thin-wall steel pipe at intervals.
Further, the sliding clamp comprises a member a, a member b and a locking screw, one end of the member a and one end of the member b are rotatably connected through a pin, the other end of the member a and the other end of the member b are fixedly connected through matching of the screw and a nut, circular columns are distributed on the outer walls of the member a and the member b, and the circular columns are connected with the locking screw through a twisted wire; the inner diameter of the sliding clamp is the same as the outer diameter of the thin-wall steel pipe.
Furthermore, a guide groove is formed in the inner wall of the inclinometer tube, and a round ball at the top of the locking screw is connected with the guide groove in a sliding mode.
The application also provides an inclination measurement method based on the shape sensor, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: dividing the shape sensor into n units, arranging a curvature measuring point on each unit, and arranging 1 strain sensor at each interval of 120 degrees at each curvature measuring point along the annular direction;
step 2: expressing the curvature of each measuring point in a curvature vector form;
and step 3: suppose in the ith segment [ xi,xi+1]Curvature of cellIs uniformly varying, the curvature is expressed as a linear function of x;
and 4, step 4: when the ith segment unit node coordinate xiAnd an initial rotation angle thetaiWhen known, in the interval [ xi,x]The curvature function is integrated for one time to obtain an interval [ x ]i,x]The rotation angle value of any point inside;
and 5: when the ith segment unit node coordinate xiInitial rotation angle thetaiAnd initial displacement omegaiWhen known, in the interval [ xi,x]The upper integral of the rotation angle function is carried out to obtain an interval [ x ]i,x]Any point inside has a deflection value.
Further, each strain sensor in step 1 has a relation with the bending curvature of
ij＝kir sin(αb-αij)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,ijmeasured strain value for the jth strain sensor at point i, j ∈ [1,3 ]]I is the curvature measuring point number, i ∈ [1, n ]]；kiThe bending curvature at a measuring point i, the distance from the center of the thin-wall steel pipe to the center of the strain sensor r, αijThe included angle between the jth sensor at the measuring point i and the z axis is αbIs the included angle between the neutral axis and the z axis.
Further, the curvature vector form of step 2 is expressed as:
Figure GDA0002529394500000031
the curvature value of each measuring point is
Figure GDA0002529394500000032
Further, the curvature in step 3 is expressed as a linear function of x as:
Figure GDA0002529394500000033
further, the interval [ x ] in step 4i,x]The rotation angle value of any point inside is as follows:
Figure GDA0002529394500000041
further, the interval [ x ] in step 5i,x]The flexibility value of any point inside is as follows:
Figure GDA0002529394500000042
due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1. this application combines together shape sensor and deviational survey pipe, can realize the long-range long-term real-time supervision of deviational survey pipe horizontal displacement, and does not receive the influence of environmental climate, has the advantage that measurement accuracy is high, the noise immunity can be strong.
2. This application adopts along the hoop every interval 120 to lay 1 strain sensor's the mode of laying, effectively eliminates temperature and crooked direction to camber measuring's influence, need not extra temperature compensation, effectively improves the computational accuracy.
3. The later stage of this application shape sensor is buried, has greatly improved the survival rate of sensor for this deviational survey pipe not only is applicable to deep basal pit displacement monitoring, can be used for the displacement monitoring of ground structures such as pile body, dam, side slope moreover, has easy operation, construction convenience, the advantage that sensing unit cost is low.
4. By adopting the method to calculate the horizontal displacement of the inclinometer, the reconstruction of the global displacement field of the inclinometer can be realized only by giving boundary conditions without material and load information.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shape sensor-based inclinometer according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the inclinometer of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shape sensor of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the slide clamp of the present application;
in the figure: 101-inclinometer pipe, 102-shape sensor, 103-sliding clamp, 201-thin-wall steel pipe, 202-fiber grating strain sensor, 301-component a, 302-component b, 303-locking screw and 4-neutral axis.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a shape sensor-based inclinometer including an inclinometer pipe 101, a shape sensor 102, and a sliding clamp 103, wherein the sliding clamp 103 is fixed on the shape sensor 102 through a mechanical connection, and the shape sensor 102 is slid and fixed inside the inclinometer pipe 101 through the sliding clamp 103.
After the inclinometer 101 is assembled and embedded, 4m long thin-wall steel pipes 201 are connected in a welding mode, a group of strain sensors 202 are installed at a position 0.5m away from the end parts of the thin-wall steel pipes 201 every 1m by adopting epoxy resin glue, the strain sensors 202 are connected by adopting a welding or flange plate, and connecting lines are fixed in arc grooves on the outer surfaces of the thin-wall steel pipes 201 by adopting 502 glue. After the shape sensor 102 is assembled, a slide jig 103 is installed every 1m from the end of the shape sensor 102, the slide jig 103 is fixed to the shape sensor 102 by tightening a nut, and then the shape sensor 102 is slid and fixed inside the inclinometer pipe 101 along the guide groove inside the inclinometer pipe 101.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the inclinometer 101 is 70mm in outer diameter and 60mm in inner diameter, and has guide grooves with a width of 5mm and a depth of 2mm at intervals of 90 ° on the inner surface, and the inclinometer 101 is 4m long and connected with each other by connecting sections.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the shape sensor 102 includes a thin-walled steel pipe 201 and a strain sensor 202, the thin-walled steel pipe 201 has an outer diameter of 30mm and a wall thickness of 2mm, and the outer surface is provided with arc grooves at intervals of 120 ° in the circumferential direction, the grooves have a width of 4mm and a depth of 1 mm.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the slide clamp 103 has an inner diameter of 30mm, and includes 1 member a301, 1 member b302, and 4 locking screws 303, wherein the members a301 and b302 are connected by pins, and the locking screws 303 are connected by wires to the members a301 and b 302. The locking screw 303 adopts RSU6-16.8 type, the diameter is 6mm, and the length is 16.8 mm.
Preferably, the strain sensor may be a fiber grating strain sensor.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an inclinometry method based on a shape sensor, and the inclinometry process is as follows:
1, according to the monitoring height or depth of the deep foundation pit, drilling and burying an inclinometer pipe 101 to a relatively fixed point.
2, sliding and fixing the shape sensor 102 into the inclinometer 101, and collecting strain values of each measuring point by using a fiber grating demodulator.
3 dividing the shape sensor into n units, each unit is provided with a curvature measuring point, 1 strain sensor is arranged at each curvature measuring point at intervals of 120 DEG along the annular direction, and the relationship between the strain and the bending curvature of each sensor is
ij＝kirsin(αb-αij)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,ijmeasured strain value for the jth sensor at point i, j ∈ [1,3]I is the curvature measuring point number, i ∈ [1, n ]]；kiThe bending curvature at a measuring point i, the distance from the center of the steel pipe to the center of the sensor r, αijThe included angle between the jth sensor at the measuring point i and the z axis is αbIs the included angle between the neutral axis and the z axis.
4 represents the curvature of each measuring point in the form of curvature vector:
Figure GDA0002529394500000071
the curvature value of each measuring point is
Figure GDA0002529394500000072
5 suppose in the ith segment [ xi,xi+1]The curvature within the cell is uniformly varying, then the curvature is expressed as a linear function of x:
Figure GDA0002529394500000073
6 when the ith section unit node coordinate xiAnd an initial rotation angle thetaiWhen known, in the interval [ xi,x]The curvature function is integrated once to obtain the interval [ xi,x]Any point inside the angle value.
Figure GDA0002529394500000074
7 when the ith section unit node coordinate xiInitial rotation angle thetaiAnd initial displacement omegaiWhen known, in the interval [ xi,x]The integral of the upper turning angle function is carried out once to obtain an interval [ x ]i,x]Any point inside has a deflection value.
Figure GDA0002529394500000075
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for measuring inclination based on a shape sensor is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, according to the monitoring height or depth of a deep foundation pit, drilling and burying an inclinometer pipe to a relatively fixed point;
step 2, sliding and fixing the shape sensor in the inclinometer, and acquiring strain values of each measuring point by using a fiber bragg grating demodulator;
and step 3: dividing the shape sensor into n units, wherein each unit is provided with a curvature measuring point, and strain sensors are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees at each curvature measuring point along the annular direction;
each strain sensor has a bending curvature relationship of
ij＝kir sin(αb-αij)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,ijmeasured strain value for the jth strain sensor at point i, j ∈ [1,3 ]]I is the curvature measuring point number, i ∈ [1, n ]]；kiThe bending curvature at a measuring point i, the distance from the center of the thin-wall steel pipe to the center of the strain sensor r, αijThe included angle between the jth sensor at the measuring point i and the z axis is αbIs an included angle between a neutral axis and a z axis;
and 4, step 4: representing the curvature of each measuring point as a curvature vector form, wherein the curvature vector form is represented as:
Figure FDA0002529394490000011
in the formula, a vector i is a unit vector in the positive direction of a y axis, and j is a unit vector in the positive direction of a z axis;
the curvature value of each measuring point is
Figure FDA0002529394490000021
And 5: if in the ith segment [ x ]i,xi+1]The curvature in the cell is uniformly changed, and the curvature is expressed as a linear function of x, specifically:
Figure FDA0002529394490000022
step 6: when the ith segment unit node coordinate xiAnd an initial rotation angle thetaiWhen known, in the interval [ xi,x]The first integral is carried out on the first order function to obtain an interval [ x ]i,x]The turning angle value of any point inside is specifically as follows:
Figure FDA0002529394490000023
and 7: when the ith segment unit node coordinate xiInitial rotation angle thetaiAnd initial displacement omegaiWhen known, in the interval [ xi,x]The upper integral of the angle value is carried out to obtain an interval [ x ]i,x]The flexibility value of any point inside is as follows:
Figure FDA0002529394490000024
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CN111521126B (en) * 2020-04-28 2022-01-28 兰州大学 Fiber grating sensing monitoring method for three-dimensional reconstruction of submarine pipeline
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CN208333447U (en) * 2018-07-17 2019-01-04 华思（广州）测控科技有限公司 A kind of fastener device being fixed on for array displacement meter inside inclinometer pipe
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JP2002340522A (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-27 Shimizu Corp Displacement measuring method using optical fiber sensor
TW200517699A (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-01 Prime Optical Fiber Corp Optical fiber inclinometer
DE102010005967A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-18 Glötzl, Gesellschaft für Baumeßtechnik mbH, 76287 Inclinometer for monitoring of bottom movements due to hydraulic shear failure in region of excavation of slot, has evaluation unit evaluating properties of reflected and/or scattered light in optical fibers relative to each other
CN102168950A (en) * 2010-12-20 2011-08-31 中铁隧道集团有限公司 Method of using distributed optical fibers for advanced monitoring of tunnel surrounding rock deformation
CN103759666A (en) * 2014-01-13 2014-04-30 河海大学 Device and method for monitoring pile body strain of round solid pile
CN107490360A (en) * 2016-06-13 2017-12-19 中铁隆工程集团有限公司 Fiber grating settlement monitor is miniaturized
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CN107131836A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-05 中国人民解放军理工大学 It is a kind of while landslide monitoring sensor and its application of the inside and outside displacement field of measurement
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CN208333447U (en) * 2018-07-17 2019-01-04 华思（广州）测控科技有限公司 A kind of fastener device being fixed on for array displacement meter inside inclinometer pipe
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