CN108180841A - A kind of landslide internal displacement monitoring method based on fiber grating - Google Patents

A kind of landslide internal displacement monitoring method based on fiber grating Download PDF

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CN108180841A
CN108180841A CN201810013916.9A CN201810013916A CN108180841A CN 108180841 A CN108180841 A CN 108180841A CN 201810013916 A CN201810013916 A CN 201810013916A CN 108180841 A CN108180841 A CN 108180841A
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formula
inclinometer pipe
fiber grating
strain
fiber
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CN108180841B (en
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黄达
郑勇
马国伟
宋宜祥
岑夺丰
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object

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  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of landslide internal displacement monitoring methods based on fiber grating.This method combination fiber grating sensing technology and traditional inclinometer, the flexural deformation of inclinometer pipe can be caused by deforming inside the landslide of monitoring, fiber grating is caused to deform, corresponding strain value accurately can be obtained by the wavelength change of fiber grating by fiber-optic grating sensor and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator in real time, displacement at corresponding measuring point is first calculated by strain displacement Difference Calculation method again, then accurately calculates the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe.Implement in side slope field monitoring more convenient, monitoring data are handled by simple compound Simpson's integral formula, can more accurately obtain the deformation inside side slope.The method of the present invention operates upper simply easily implementation, and energy side slope monitor in real time for a long time, and data processing method is simply accurate, and popularization is highly practical.

Description

A kind of landslide internal displacement monitoring method based on fiber grating
Technical field
The present invention relates to landslide monitoring method, specifically a kind of landslide internal displacement monitoring method based on fiber grating.
Background technology
In the security and stability monitoring on landslide, it is long-term to generally require the carry out such as the surface displacement to landslide, internal displacement Monitoring.Personal monitoring mostly is carried out using equipment such as spirit level, total powerstation and inclinometers in current monitoring means, but it is counted According to promptness and the convenience etc. that measures be difficult to be satisfied with a varied topography, artificial safe operation difference and the side that need to be monitored in real time Slope demand.Fiber-optic grating sensor is as a kind of novel sensing equipment in recent years, has electromagnetism interference, safe and reliable, resistance to Burn into stability is high, the features such as measuring in real time, is widely applied in engineering monitoring field.
Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor belongs to one kind of fiber-optic grating sensor, the variation based on external physical quantity, light Fine raster center wavelength will change, and the drift of wavelength and temperature and the relationship of strain are in a linear relationship, and relational expression is as follows：
In formula, Δ λ is wavelength variation values, and λ is centre wavelength value, and α and ξ is thermo-optical coeffecient, PeffIt is elasto-optical coefficient, Δ T is Temperature change value, Δ ε are strain variation values, KTIt is optical fiber grating temperature sensitivity coefficient, KεIt is fiber grating strain sensitivity coefficient.
Patent of invention application No. is 201410659677.6 describes a kind of foundation pit sliding surface prison based on fiber grating Survey method, this method monitor optic fiber grating wavelength on inclinometer pipe using FBG (FBG) demodulators and change in real time, calculate each section of inclinometer pipe On mean strain, according to the variation of strain value so as to judge the position of foundation pit slide surface.But this method cannot measure foundation pit not With the real-time deformation of depth, the Position Approximate of slide surface can only be judged, embody the limitation of this method.
Have much currently based on the deviational survey sensor in situ of FBG monitoring principle, for internal modification monitoring of coming down Also not within minority, most of improve is mainly reflected in calibration and processing method for data, and there is also various problems：Precision More than not high, hypothesis condition etc..
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical issues of present invention intends to solve is to provide a kind of cunning based on fiber grating Slope internal displacement monitoring method.
The technical solution that the present invention solves the technical problem is to provide a kind of landslide internal displacement based on fiber grating Monitoring method, it is characterised in that this method includes the following steps：
1) on the centre of surface line of the inclinometer pipe outer rim protrusion guide groove of inclinometer symmetrical arrangement U-shaped fiber grating string, Fiber grating is fitted tightly in deviational survey pipe surface, forms fiber Bragg grating strain sensor；
2) position monitored drilling is needed on landslide, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is spliced section by section and is put into drilling, is made The U-shaped plane of fiber grating that must be laid is parallel with the glide direction of monitored side slope；By fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and optical fiber Grating demodulation instrument connects, and records the initial wavelength signal of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor；
3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator monitors the wavelength change of fiber grating in real time, utilizes the fiber grating strain spirit demarcated Quick COEFFICIENT Kε, calculate the average axial strain ε (z) at inclinometer pipe different cross section：
In formula, the bottom of inclinometer pipe is coordinate origin, at deviational survey bottom of the tube z before and after symmetrical optic fiber grating wavelength Value is respectively λuAnd λd, initial value is respectively λu0And λd0, λu0≈λd0=λ0；
4) according in the mechanics of materials, cantilever beam in the bent state disturb line integral formula of writing music, with reference to compound Simpson Integral formula establishes inclinometer pipe degree of the disturbing w (z at different locationn) and the relationship of average axial strain ε (z) can be expressed as formula 10：
In formula, R is the outer radius of inclinometer pipe, and h is the laying spacing of fiber grating measuring point, and l is the inclinometer pipe overall length of splicing, zi=2ih,N is measuring point sum；
5) in landslide monitoring, it is assumed that the flexural deformation of the internal modification and inclinometer pipe of slip mass keeps harmonious, root The internal modification situation that the degree of disturbing surveyed according to inclinometer pipe at different location can be come down with real-time judge.
Compared with prior art, advantageous effect of the present invention is：
1) this method combination fiber grating sensing technology and traditional inclinometer are implemented more square in side slope field monitoring Just, monitoring data are handled by simple compound Simpson's integral formula, can more accurately obtains the deformation inside side slope Situation.The method of the present invention operates upper simply easily implementation, and energy side slope monitor in real time for a long time, and data processing method is simply accurate Really, it promotes highly practical.
2) in the data processing method in the present invention, Strain Distribution is utilized and calculates curvature analysis, but has bypassed reality The situation that random load is distributed in cantilever beam, the situation for avoiding strain integration that from can not asking are ingenious to be obtained using diff mode High-precision difference result.
3) flexural deformation of inclinometer pipe can be caused by deforming inside the landslide of monitoring, and fiber grating is caused to deform, The wavelength change of fiber grating (or frequency can accurately be passed through by fiber-optic grating sensor and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator in real time Difference) corresponding strain value is obtained, but be then very difficult by the degree of disturbing (deformation for monitoring body) that strain goes to calculate inclinometer pipe. This method proposes that strain-displacement difference computational methods can first calculate the displacement at corresponding measuring point, then accurately calculate deviational survey The degree of disturbing of pipe.
4) this method can carry out self compensation processing to the influence that temperature on fiber grating wavelength changes, and avoid external light Fine grating goes to measure the various limitations of temperature merely, is more applicable in landslide monitoring.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall structure signal of landslide embodiment of internal displacement monitoring method the present invention is based on fiber grating Figure；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of landslide internal displacement monitoring method Fig. 1 the present invention is based on fiber grating；
Fig. 3 is landslide a kind of embodiment of internal displacement monitoring method the present invention is based on fiber grating in slope monitoring Realistic application conditions figure；
Fig. 4 is the depth of the landslide internal displacement monitoring embodiment of the method 1 the present invention is based on fiber grating with calculating displacement The relationship of measured displacements obtained by value and inclinometer；(in figure：1 is inclinometer pipe, and 2 be fiber-optic wire, and 3 be fiber grating, and 4 be light Fine grating demodulation instrument, 5 be monitored side slope, and 6 be potential slide surface)
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below.Specific embodiment is only used for that the present invention is further described, unlimited The application scope of the claims processed.
The present invention provides a kind of landslide internal displacement monitoring methods (abbreviation method) based on fiber grating, and feature exists Include the following steps in this method：
1) base material that the inclinometer pipe 1 of inclinometer is selected to be pasted as fiber grating 3, in the inclinometer pipe outer rim protrusion of inclinometer The U-shaped fiber grating string of symmetrical arrangement, fiber grating are fitted tightly in deviational survey pipe surface on the centre of surface line of guide groove, are formed Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor；
2) position monitored drilling (potential water use 6 of i.e. monitored side slope 5) is needed on landslide, by fiber grating strain Sensor splices section by section to be put into drilling so that the U-shaped plane of fiber grating of laying and the glide direction of monitored side slope 5 are put down Row；Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 is connect, records the primary wave of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor Long signal；
3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 monitors the wavelength change of fiber grating in real time, utilizes the light demarcated in the lab Fiber grating strain sensitivity coefficient Kε, calculate the average axial strain ε (z) at inclinometer pipe different cross section：
In formula, the bottom of inclinometer pipe is coordinate origin, at deviational survey bottom of the tube z before and after symmetrical optic fiber grating wavelength Value is respectively λuAnd λd, initial value is respectively λu0And λd0, λu0≈λd0=λ0；
4) according in the mechanics of materials, cantilever beam in the bent state disturb line integral formula of writing music, with reference to compound Simpson Integral formula establishes inclinometer pipe degree of the disturbing w (z at different locationn) and the relationship of average axial strain ε (z) can be expressed as formula 10, degree of disturbing is calculated with average axial strain ε (z), it can be to avoid temperature to the influence in calculating：
In formula, R is the outer radius of inclinometer pipe, and h is the laying spacing of fiber grating measuring point, and l is the inclinometer pipe overall length of splicing, zi=2ih,N is measuring point sum；
5) in landslide monitoring, it is assumed that the flexural deformation of the internal modification and inclinometer pipe of slip mass keeps harmonious, root The internal modification situation that the degree of disturbing surveyed according to inclinometer pipe at different location can be come down with real-time judge.
The value of average axial strain ε (z) is that symmetrical fiber grating is sensed before and after taking at deviational survey bottom of the tube z Strain mean value.
The derivation of formula 10 is as follows：
It is assumed that landslide and inclinometer pipe are compatible deformations, that is, assume that the flexural deformation of the internal modification and inclinometer pipe of slip mass is protected It holds harmonious；The deformation behaviour of inclinometer pipe can be equivalent to cantilever beam deformed structure and be analyzed：
Relational expression is as shown in Equation 1 between the degree of disturbing and radius of curvature of cantilever beam：
In formula, w (z) is the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe, and ρ (z) is radius of curvature, and z is the coordinate along inclinometer pipe axial direction；
The radius of curvature of inclinometer pipe and the relational expression of average axial strain are as shown in Equation 2：
In formula, R is the outer radius of inclinometer pipe, and ε (z) is the average axial strain of inclinometer pipe；
Convolution 1 and formula 2, can obtain formula 3：
Double integral is carried out to 3 the right and left of formula, the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe and the relational expression 4 of average axial strain can be obtained For：
Several fiber grating measuring points are arranged on inclinometer pipe different location, the bottom of inclinometer pipe is coordinate axis origin, along axis The measuring point of line is denoted as ziAnd zi+1/2, it is expressed as formula 5：
In formula, n is measuring point sum；H is the laying spacing of fiber grating measuring point；L is the inclinometer pipe overall length of splicing；
Convolution 4 and 5, based on compound Simpson's integral formula, the relationship of the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe and average axial strain can To be expressed as formula 6：
Wherein,
According to formula 7,8 and 9, the relationship of the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe and average axial strain can be expressed as formula 10：
The derivation of formula 11 is as follows：
1) drift of the wavelength of front and rear symmetrical fiber grating and temperature and the relationship of strain are formula 12 and formula in inclinometer pipe 13：
In formula, Δ T is temperature change value, at deviational survey bottom of the tube z before and after symmetrical fiber grating sensed should It is respectively Δ ε to becomeuWith Δ εd, KTIt is optical fiber grating temperature sensitivity coefficient, KεIt is fiber grating strain sensitivity coefficient；
2) when cantilever beam is bent in linear elasticity, according to plane cross-section assumption it is found that the front and rear surfaces strain value of cantilever beam is expired Sufficient formula 14：
Δεu=-Δ εd (14)
3) according to formula 12,13 and 14, while λu0≈λd0=λ0, the average axial direction at inclinometer pipe different cross section can be calculated The relationship of strain and wavelength is formula 11：
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is applied in landslide monitoring as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, and the outer rim protrusion that fiber grating 3 is pasted onto inclinometer pipe 1 is led On rooved face center line, symmetrical U-shaped arrangement forms fiber Bragg grating strain sensor；Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor passes through optical fiber Lead 2 and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 connect.
In use, as shown in figure 3, drilling through the potential water use 6 of monitored side slope 5, careful is put into inclinometer pipe 1, The U-shaped plane of fiber grating string that laying should be allowed is parallel with the glide direction of monitored side slope 5.Incoming fiber optic grating demodulation instrument 4, Monitoring optic fiber grating wavelength variation in real time, so as to calculate corresponding change in displacement at different location.
Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is placed in certain side slope and is monitored, taken at regular intervals data collect altogether 3 numbers It according to, the displacement calculated with this method and calculates displacement with traditional inclinometer pipe and is compared, as a result such as Fig. 4.It can from Fig. 4 Know, the shift value (calculated value) and calculate shift value (measured value) very close to together with traditional inclinometer pipe that this method is calculated When it is all identical for the position judgment of slide surface, at the subsurface 12m apart from bore position, this method can be grown slide surface Phase, remote progress monitoring side slope internal displacement, while there is higher precision in real time.
The present invention does not address part and is suitable for the prior art.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. landslide internal displacement monitoring method based on fiber grating, it is characterised in that this method includes the following steps：
    1) on the centre of surface line of the inclinometer pipe outer rim protrusion guide groove of inclinometer symmetrical arrangement U-shaped fiber grating string, optical fiber Grating is fitted tightly in deviational survey pipe surface, forms fiber Bragg grating strain sensor；
    2) position monitored drilling is needed on landslide, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is spliced section by section and is put into drilling so that cloth If the U-shaped plane of fiber grating it is parallel with the glide direction of monitored side slope；By fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and fiber grating (FBG) demodulator connects, and records the initial wavelength signal of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor；
    3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator monitors the wavelength change of fiber grating in real time, utilizes the sensitive system of the fiber grating strain demarcated Number Kε, calculate the average axial strain ε (z) at inclinometer pipe different cross section：
    In formula, the bottom of inclinometer pipe is coordinate origin, apart from deviational survey bottom of the tube z at before and after symmetrical optic fiber grating wavelength value divide It Wei not λuAnd λd, initial value is respectively λu0And λd0, λu0≈λd0=λ0；
    4) according in the mechanics of materials, cantilever beam in the bent state disturb line integral formula of writing music, integrated with reference to compound Simpson Formula establishes inclinometer pipe degree of the disturbing w (z at different locationn) and the relationship of average axial strain ε (z) can be expressed as formula 10：
    In formula, R is the outer radius of inclinometer pipe, and h is the laying spacing of fiber grating measuring point, and l is the inclinometer pipe overall length of splicing, zi= 2ih, zi+1/2=zi+hN is measuring point sum；
    5) in landslide monitoring, it is assumed that the flexural deformation of the internal modification and inclinometer pipe of slip mass keeps harmonious, according to not The internal modification situation that can be come down with the degree of disturbing that inclinometer pipe at position is surveyed with real-time judge.
  2. 2. the landslide internal displacement monitoring method according to claim 1 based on fiber grating, it is characterised in that formula 10 Derivation is as follows：
    It is assumed that landslide and inclinometer pipe are compatible deformations, that is, assume that the flexural deformation of the internal modification and inclinometer pipe of slip mass keeps association It adjusts consistent；The deformation behaviour of inclinometer pipe can be equivalent to cantilever beam deformed structure and be analyzed：
    Relational expression is as shown in Equation 1 between the degree of disturbing and radius of curvature of cantilever beam：
    In formula, w (z) is the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe, and ρ (z) is radius of curvature, and z is the coordinate along inclinometer pipe axial direction；
    The radius of curvature of inclinometer pipe and the relational expression of average axial strain are as shown in Equation 2：
    In formula, R is the outer radius of inclinometer pipe, and ε (z) is the average axial strain of inclinometer pipe；
    Convolution 1 and formula 2, can obtain formula 3：
    Double integral is carried out to 3 the right and left of formula, the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe can be obtained and the relational expression 4 of average axial strain is：
    Several fiber grating measuring points are arranged on inclinometer pipe different location, the bottom of inclinometer pipe is coordinate axis origin, along axis Measuring point is denoted as ziAnd zi+1/2, it is expressed as formula 5：
    In formula, n is measuring point sum；H is the laying spacing of fiber grating measuring point；L is the inclinometer pipe overall length of splicing；
    Convolution 4 and 5, based on compound Simpson's integral formula, the relationship of the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe and average axial strain can be with table It is shown as formula 6：
    Wherein,
    According to formula 7,8 and 9, the relationship of the degree of disturbing of inclinometer pipe and average axial strain can be expressed as formula 10：
  3. 3. the landslide internal displacement monitoring method according to claim 1 based on fiber grating, it is characterised in that formula 11 Derivation is as follows：
    1) drift of the wavelength of front and rear symmetrical fiber grating and temperature and the relationship of strain are formula 12 and formula 13 in inclinometer pipe：
    In formula, Δ T is temperature change value, at deviational survey bottom of the tube z before and after the strain that is sensed of symmetrical fiber grating be ΔεuWith Δ εd, KTIt is optical fiber grating temperature sensitivity coefficient, KεIt is fiber grating strain sensitivity coefficient；
    2) when cantilever beam is bent in linear elasticity, according to plane cross-section assumption it is found that the front and rear surfaces strain value of cantilever beam meets formula 14：
    Δεu=-Δ εd (14)
    3) according to formula 12,13 and 14, while λu0≈λd0=λ0, the average axial strain at inclinometer pipe different cross section can be calculated Relationship with wavelength is formula 11：
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CN108592813A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-09-28 长安大学 A kind of Excavation Deformation of Deep Foundation Pits real-time monitoring device
CN108756856A (en) * 2018-06-21 2018-11-06 广东赛达交通科技股份有限公司 A kind of construction method of distribution type fiber-optic drillhole inclination survey
CN110095092A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-06 大连理工大学 A kind of inclinometer based on fiber grating and magnetostriction materials
CN110095176A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-08-06 石家庄铁道大学 A kind of safety monitoring slope method, system and terminal device
CN110196040A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-09-03 福建博海工程技术有限公司 A kind of building device for monitoring inclination and its monitoring method
CN110608675A (en) * 2019-08-16 2019-12-24 浙江华东工程安全技术有限公司 Multi-point displacement testing method based on fiber grating sensing technology
CN110686612A (en) * 2019-10-31 2020-01-14 大连理工大学 Inclination measuring device and inclination measuring method based on shape sensor
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CN108756856A (en) * 2018-06-21 2018-11-06 广东赛达交通科技股份有限公司 A kind of construction method of distribution type fiber-optic drillhole inclination survey
CN108592813A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-09-28 长安大学 A kind of Excavation Deformation of Deep Foundation Pits real-time monitoring device
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