CN106932026A - A kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, measurement apparatus and its method - Google Patents
A kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, measurement apparatus and its method Download PDFInfo
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
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- G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, detection means and its method, seawater thermohaline sensor is an optical fiber, there is multiple sensitive zones and non-sensitive zones on optical fiber, and sensitive zones include a weak grating combination of LPG and FBG；LPG is sensitive to salinity and temperature, the power attenuation for producing amplitude to be temperature dependent with salinity to back-scattering light；FBG is only temperature sensitive, the power enhancing that amplitude is related to temperature is produced to back-scattering light, by to input unicast Long Pulse LASER in optical fiber, the backscattering optical signal that detection fiber is returned, backscattering optical signal is demodulated, the ocean temperature and salinity detected by each sensitive zones are obtained, realizes measuring multiple spot ocean temperature and salt angle value simultaneously, demodulation step is simple；LPG and FBG used of the invention optimizes by writing parameters, with low loss characteristic, is capable of achieving tandem type quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline detection over long distances.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seawater salinity and temperature detection technical field, more particularly, to a kind of quasi-distributed sea water temperature
Salt sensor, measurement apparatus and its method.
Background technology
Seawater salinity is a scale of seawater salt content, and it is all the key character of seawater with temperature.It is many in ocean
Physical chemical phenomenon, it is all relevant with the distribution of Ocean Salinity and temperature and Changing Pattern.In recent years, the detection on briny environment
Technology has obtained extensive attention, and the technology at sea protect by national defense and military, Marine Sciences, oil exploitation, fish production, marine environment
The fields such as shield are all significant.
In oceanic water, the factor such as evaporation, rainfall, ocean current, sea water mixing for changing mainly with seawater of salinity is relevant, different
Marine site surface salinity water difference is very big, mean salt amount 34.7 ‰；It is divided into superficial water in the vertical direction of ocean, subsurface water, in
Layer water (1000~2000m) and deep water (2000m~4000m), subsurface water are high salt area, and deep water distribution of the salinity is most equal
Even, salt angle value is lower than superficial water, higher than mid-water.The water temperature change of world ocean is general between -2 DEG C~30 DEG C, thermostat layer
Hereinafter, ocean temperature increases and reduces with depth.
Traditional seawater salinity detection uses electronic type conductivity sensor, low cost, simple operation, but salinity and electrical conductivity
Corresponding relation it is complicated, influenceed by multiple factors such as water constituent, depth, temperature, especially, be not suitable for low temperature deep water ring
Border；Temperature detection aspect, the ocean temperature sensor based on thermistor must carry out insulation-encapsulated, mitigate seawater corrosion, prevent
System short-circuit.To sum up, the thermohaline testing equipment of electronic type cannot realize simple structure, and detection range is big, degree of accuracy thermohaline high
Detection.
Optical fiber sensing technology has been widely used in multiple fields by the research and development of decades, except applying in long distance
Outside high rate communication field, because optical fiber possesses the ability for perceiving outside various physical parameters, a series of fiber optic sensing devices
It is developed and application.Wherein fiber grating is most widely used as engineering field with the scribing process of the performance of its stabilization and maturation
One of Fibre Optical Sensor, mainly have bragg grating (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) and long period optical fiber light
Grid (Long Period Grating, LPG).Bragg grating to temperature and stress sensitive, reflected light signal with temperature,
STRESS VARIATION produces the linear drift of wavelength direction；Can be coupled to segment core guided mode in covering by LPFG,
Certain wave strong point introduces intensity loss, to parameter sensitivities such as ambient refractive index and temperature.Optical fiber salinity sensor is mainly by inspection
The change for surveying refractive index carrys out indirect detection salinity altercation, has data to show, salinity and the equal refractive index of temperature produce influence, refraction
Rate increases and increases with salinity, and when temperature-resistant, salinity often changes 1 ‰, refraction index changing 2 × 10-4；Refractive index is raised with temperature
And reduce, at 20 DEG C or so, temperature often changes 1 DEG C, variations in refractive index 1 × 10-4.Therefore, the double parameters of salinity, temperature need to be researched and developed to survey
The Fibre Optical Sensor of amount is detected with adapting to ocean thermohaline.
In existing seawater thermohaline detection technique, CCD photosurface glazings are caused by the variations in refractive index for detecting different salinity
Spot change in location realizes salimity measurement, while detection is realized that temperature is surveyed by semi-conducting material by the light intensity change that temperature modulation causes
Amount and compensation.The detection technique sensitivity is high, and detection range is big：0~50 DEG C of temperature detection range, salinity measurement scope 0~
48 ‰, but system architecture is complicated, and device cost is high, and the detection means based on right-angle prism and CCD device is difficult to accurate point
Cloth is sensed.
In existing seawater thermohaline detection technique, by the optical fiber for being closely carved with bragg grating and LPFG
Probe, synchronously realizes temperature and salimity measurement, simple structure, small volume.But the program is by observing the wave length shift of optical signal
It is expensive to realize Parametric Detection, it is necessary to using spectroanalysis instrument；List cannot be realized using the fibre-optical probe of metallic reflective coating
The cascade of detection unit on root optical fiber, only one test point, can only artificially change probe positions, gradually in long-distance sensing
Measurement seawater each position salinity information, time-consuming for operation, and positional accuracy is not high, it is impossible to realizes truly quasi-distributed
Sensing.
The content of the invention
For the drawbacks described above of prior-art devices, the invention provides a kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor,
Aim to solve the problem that prior art can not be realized measuring the ocean temperature of multiple points and the technical problem of salinity simultaneously.
To achieve the above object, a kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that the present invention is provided, seawater thermohaline sensing
Device is an optical fiber, and optical fiber is provided with multiple sensitive zones and multiple non-sensitive zones, and sensitive zones and non-sensitive zones phase
Between arrange；
The weak grating combination for having LPFG and bragg grating is inscribed on each sensitive zones；Long period
Fiber grating is with bragg grating along Single wavelength laser signal transmission direction arrangement, fiber region where LPFG
Domain without coat, the center all same of each LPFG, the peak loss of each LPFG no more than-
2.2dB；The center reflection wavelength all same of each bragg grating, the peak reflectivity of each bragg grating is not
More than 1%；
LPFG is used to make Single wavelength laser signal power produce loss, and then makes on backscattering optical signal
There is loss step；Bragg grating is used to reflect Single wavelength laser signal part, and then makes backscattering optical signal
On there is reflection peak；
When Single wavelength laser passes through any one sensitive zones, sensitive zones produce one on backscattering optical signal
Loss step and a reflection peak, the temperature information of reflection peak reaction sensitive zones institute test position, loss step reaction sensing
The temperature of region institute test position and salinity information；When Single wavelength laser is by multiple sensitive zones, backscattering optical signal
There is loss step sequence and reflection peak sequence, realize measuring multiple point salinity and temperature simultaneously.
A kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that the present invention is provided, because the refractive index modulation depth of LPG is compared
Common LPG is small, and its peak loss is no more than -2.2dB, and the refractive index modulation depth and grating length of FBG compare common FBG
Small, peak reflectivity is no more than 1%, and insertion loss is less than -0.04dB；This low loss characteristic reduces each sensitive zones
Insertion loss, can realize the cascade of multiple sensitive zones.By demodulating any one sensing unit on backscattering optical signal
Reflection peak and loss step produced by domain, obtain the temperature and salinity in seawater region corresponding to the sensitive zones, according to the biography
Seawater region determines obtained ocean temperature and the corresponding seawater measurement point of salinity where sensillary area domain, realizes measuring multiple simultaneously
The ocean temperature and salinity of point；And the demodulation method of the ocean temperature sensor is simple.
Preferably, seawater thermohaline sensor also includes protection sleeve pipe, is placed on outer fiber, the intensity for strengthening optical fiber,
And protect sensitive zones；And it is provided with blasthole, position and long period light of the blasthole on protection sleeve pipe in protection sleeve surface
Position is identical during fine grating is located at optical fiber, for making seawater be fully contacted with LPFG.
Preferably, in same sensitive zones, the position of bragg grating overlaps with the position of LPFG.
Preferably, multiple annulus of the diameter not less than 10cm are wound into by by each sensitive zones, make bragg fiber
Grating overlaps with the position of LPFG, and multiple annulus junctions are fixed, for ensureing LPFG
And stress on bragg grating is constant.
Used as another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus, including：
Laser generation module, the pulsed laser signal for producing Single wavelength；
Distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, its input is connected with the output end of laser generation module, for receiving list
The pulsed laser signal of wavelength, and along Single wavelength pulsed laser signal opposite direction export backscattering optical signal；
Signal processing module, its input is connected with the output end of distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, for repeatedly adopting
Dorsad scattering light signal data obtains multigroup dorsad scattering light signal data to collection, and multigroup dorsad scattering light signal is carried out averagely
Change treatment output backscattering optical signal；
Demodulating unit, its input is connected with the output end of signal processing module, for will be anti-in backscattering optical signal
Penetrate peak sequence and be demodulated treatment, output temperature signal and salinity data with loss step sequence；
And the cycle of the pulsed laser signal of Single wavelengthWherein, L is the length of optical fiber, and c is the light velocity, and n is fibre
Core refractive index.
Preferably, signal processing module includes：
Signal gathering unit, its input is the input of signal processing module, and for multi collect, dorsad scattering light is believed
Number obtains multigroup dorsad scattering light signal data；
Handling averagely unit, its input is connected with the output end of signal gathering unit, and its output end is signal transacting
The output end of module, for averaging treatment output backscattering optical signal to multigroup dorsad scattering light signal.
As another aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline detection method, including with
Lower step：
S1 when any one sensitive zones during Single wavelength laser signal is by seawater thermohaline sensor, by the sensitive zones
LPFG produces loss step on backscattering optical signal, by the sensitive zones bragg grating dorsad
Reflection peak, and loss step amplitude and seawater regional temperature and salinity phase where the sensitive zones are produced on scattered light signal
Close, reflection peak-to-peak value is related to the temperature in seawater region where the sensitive zones；And then, Single wavelength laser signal is passed by multiple
During sensillary area domain, reflection peak sequence and loss step sequence are produced on backscattering optical signal；
S2 is according to the temperature power performance data of bragg grating and by bragg fiber in i-th sensitive zones
The reflection peak-to-peak value that grating is produced determines the temperature of the i-th sensitive zones；
Temperature of the S3 according to the i-th sensitive zones for obtaining, the damage by LPFG generation in i-th sensitive zones
Salinity power characterization data under consumption step amplitude and LPFG different temperatures obtains the salinity of the i-th sensitive zones；
Whether S4 judges sensitive zones order i more than sensitive zones quantity N, if so, then terminating；Otherwise, i=i+1 is made, is entered
Enter step S2；Wherein 1≤i≤N, N are sensitive zones quantity.
The temperature power performance data that bragg grating is obtained in step S2 comprises the following steps：
When it is the salting liquid of T that seawater thermohaline sensor is placed in the temperature that salinity is arbitrary value, acquisition is swashed S21 by Single wavelength
The backscattering optical signal that light is injected seawater thermohaline sensor and produced；
S22 is corresponding when temperature is T as bragg grating using any reflection peak-to-peak value in backscattering optical signal
Performance number；
Whether S23 judges temperature T more than temperature change higher limit Tmax, if so, then exporting the temperature power characteristic quantity of FBG
According to otherwise, T=T+ △ T being made, into step S21；
Wherein, the initial value of T is Tmin, TminTemperature change lower limit, TmaxIt is temperature change higher limit, △ T become for temperature
Change precision.
Preferably, the salinity power characterization data under LPFG different temperatures is obtained in step S3 including as follows
Step：
S31 when it is the salting liquid of T that seawater thermohaline sensor is placed in the temperature that salinity is S, by Single wavelength laser penetrated by acquisition
The backscattering optical signal for entering seawater thermohaline sensor and producing；
The amplitude of any loss step in backscattering optical signal is T salt in temperature as LPFG by S32
Corresponding performance number when spending for S；
Whether S33 judges salinity S more than salinity altercation higher limit Smax, if so, then entering step S34, otherwise, make S=S+
△ S, into step S31；
S34 judges whether temperature T becomes higher limit T more than temperaturemax, if so, the salinity power then under output different temperatures is special
Property data, otherwise, make T=T+ △ T, S=Smin, into step S31；
Wherein, the initial value of T is Tmin, TminTemperature change lower limit, TmaxIt is temperature change higher limit, △ T become for temperature
Change precision；
The initial value of S is Smin, SminIt is salinity altercation lower limit, SmaxIt is salinity altercation higher limit, △ S are salinity altercation
Precision.
By the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention, compared with prior art, following beneficial effect can be obtained：
1st, the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that the present invention is provided, proposes the temperature based on the weak grating combinations of FBG and LPG
Degree, salinity sensing solutions, make it possible the cascade of multipair weak grating combination on simple optical fiber, realize quasi-distributed sea water temperature
Salt detection, improves the traditional measurement scheme of single-point repeated detection, can simultaneously monitor the temperature at the multiple vertical/horizontal locations of ocean
Salt parameter.
2nd, the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that the present invention is provided, realizes the same pacing of seawater salinity and temperature
Amount, simple structure is cheap；Pure optical fiber structure detection means is corrosion-resistant, and electromagnetism interference is fitted to ocean temperature with depth
Answering property is fine.
3rd, the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus that the present invention is provided, are passed by using quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline
Sensor, realizes measuring many places seawater salinity and temperature simultaneously, because the laser signal for being input into seawater thermohaline sensor is Single wavelength
Laser signal, without carrying out Wavelength demodulation to backscattering optical signal, according in backscattering optical signal be lost step amplitude,
The amplitude of reflection peak, the performance data of LPG, the performance data of FBG can demodulate temperature and salinity, and demodulation is simple.
4th, quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline detection means proposed by the present invention cannot be only used for the quasi-distributed sea water temperature of static state
Salt distribution is detected, by winding the non-sensitive zones optical fiber of first section, finely tunes the integral position of sensing unit, and repeated detection can obtain
Finer sea water temperature salt distribution rule.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensing unit in the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that the present invention is provided；
Fig. 3 provides the structure chart of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus for the present invention；
The reflectance spectrum figure of FBG in the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that Fig. 4 is provided for the present invention；
The transmitted light spectrogram of LPG in the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that Fig. 5 is provided for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The structure chart of the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention, seawater thermohaline sensor includes
Optical fiber 11, protection sleeve pipe 12 is placed on outside optical fiber 3 by encapsulation process, and for strengthening the intensity of optical fiber 11, protection sleeve pipe 12 is diameter
The transparent heat-shrink tubes of 0.6mm, protect the head and the tail of sleeve pipe 12 to be fixed with optical fiber 11 by pyrocondensation.Multiple sensing units are provided with optical fiber 11
Domain 111 and multiple non-sensitive zones 112；Be carved with weak grating combination in sensitive zones 111, weak grating combination include a LPG and
The peak loss of one FBG, LPG is less than -2.2dB, and the reflectivity of the reflection peak of FBG is less than 1%, insertion loss less than -
0.04dB, LPG and FBG are arranged along Single wavelength Laser Transmission direction, for salinity detection synchronous with temperature signal, non-sensing unit
Domain 112 is used to transmit optical signal.
Sensitive zones 111 are wound into multiple annulus of the diameter not less than 10cm, make two weak fibers in weak grating combination
Stop position is overlapped, and multiple annulus junctions are bundled with becket and fixed, constant for ensureing the stress on two fiber gratings；
Every section of length of sensitive zones 111 is identical, and the parameter of weak grating combination is identical in each region, and every section of non-sensitive zones 112 are damaged
Consumption is identical.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensing unit in the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor that the present invention is provided；Dim light
Grid combination includes an a LPG 1111 and FPG 1112, and the place fiber area surface of LPFG 1111 is without coating
Layer 1114, for salinity measurement, blasthole is carved with the corresponding protection sleeve pipe 12 of each place fiber area of LPG 1111
121, it is allowed to which seawater penetrates into, it is ensured that LPFG 1111 is fully contacted with seawater.
There is a range of linear region on FBG reflectance spectrum hypotenuses, when FBG reflectance spectrums are varied with temperature
There is the linear drift in wavelength direction so that the luminous power of the reflection peak-to-peak value under Single wavelength laser pumping is varied with temperature
And linear change, by calculating temperature change by the change for detecting back-scattering light signal peak luminous power.
When FBG is only influenced by ambient temperature, wherein heart wavelength shift is obtained by equation below：
ΔλB=(α+ξ) Δ T λB
In above formula, α is the thermal coefficient of expansion of optical fiber, and ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of optical fiber,
N is fiber core refractive index, T temperature, LBIt is Bragg grating length, λBIt is the center reflection wavelength of Bragg grating, back-scattering light
Signal power enhancing changes in amplitude Δ P1It is expressed as follows：
ΔP1=K1ΔλB (dB)
K1It is spectrum hypotenuse linear zone slope, unit dB/nm, the amplitude Δ P of reflection peak1If, reference temperature T0=10 DEG C,
Above-mentioned two formula, calculates current environmental temperature as follows：
As can be seen here, the amplitude of reflection peak is directly proportional to dut temperature.
LPG resonance wavelengths are according to formulaObtain, in formula,It is fibre core effective refractive index,It is cladding-effective-index, Λ is LPFG cycle, LPFG cycle, cladding-effective-index
And fibre core effective refractive index is influenced by ambient temperature, temperature change causes resonance wavelength to be drifted about, so as to change optical signal damage
Consumption size.Additionally, the LPG cladding-effective-indexs of removal coatDirectly influenceed by external environment salinity, salinity becomes
Change causes resonance wavelength to be drifted about, so as to change optical signal loss size.In backscattering optical signal be lost step power according to
Equation below is obtained：
Δ P=PT+PS
Wherein, PTIt is the power attenuation that temperature change is introduced, PSFor the power attenuation that salinity altercation is introduced.
By above-mentioned analysis, LPG is sensitive to seawater salinity and ocean temperature, and there are problems that cross sensitivity, FBG
It is insensitive to seawater salinity, it is only sensitive to ocean temperature.In each sensitive zones, the reflection peak-to-peak value that FBG is produced obtains sea
Coolant-temperature gage, while can be used for the temperature-compensating of the loss step of LPG generations by the ocean temperature that FBG is obtained, obtains accurate
Salt angle value.
The peak loss of LPG is less than -2.2dB, and the reflectivity of the reflection peak of FBG is less than 1%, insertion loss less than -
The low loss characteristic of 0.04dB, LPG and FBG reduces the insertion loss of each sensitive zones, can realize multiple sensitive zones
Cascade, realize measuring simultaneously the ocean temperatures and salinity of multiple points.
The central homology wavelength of the LPG in all sensitive zones is equal, the foveal reflex of the FBG in all sensitive zones
Wavelength is equal, when the laser of Single wavelength injects optical fiber, during by each sensitive zones, can produce a loss step and one
Individual reflection peak.
Because the laser in backscattering optical signal for Single wavelength is produced, by any one on backscattering optical signal
The temperature power performance data of FBG can obtain the biography in the peak value of the reflection peak produced by sensitive zones and the sensitive zones
The ocean temperature in region measured by sensillary area domain, by amplitude, the sensing unit for obtaining the loss step produced by the sensitive zones
Salinity power characterization data under ocean temperature, the LPFG different temperatures in region measured by domain obtains the region institute
The seawater salinity in measurement seawater region so that the demodulation method of the ocean temperature sensor is simple.
The back-scattering light that the distance between LPG and FBG are exported by collection optical fiber 11 in each sensitive zones of optical fiber 11
The resolution ratio of the device of signal determines, to prevent Lou collection loss step or leakage collection reflection peak, leads to not demodulate
Ocean temperature and seawater salinity；The distance between two sensitive zones determine according to use demand, between the minimum of two sensitive zones
Resolution ratio away from the backscattering optical signal device exported by collection optical fiber 11 determines, with prevent Lou collection loss step or
Leakage collection reflection peak, leads to not demodulate ocean temperature and seawater salinity.
When FBG senses temperature signal, the wavelength of Single wavelength laser is always positioned at FBG reflectance spectrum single-sided linears region
Comprising wave-length coverage in, and in the wave-length coverage that LPG transmitted spectrums one side hypotenuse region is included.
Fig. 3 provides the structure chart of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus for the present invention, including：Laser generation module 2, point
The seawater thermohaline sensor 1 of cloth, signal processing module 3 and demodulation module 4.The output end of laser generation module 2 and distribution
The input of the input of seawater thermohaline sensor 1 of formula, the distributed output end of seawater thermohaline sensor 1 and signal processing module 3
End connection, the output end of signal processing module 3 is connected with the input of demodulating unit 4.
Laser generation module 2 launches the pulsed laser signal of Single wavelength, and distributed seawater thermohaline sensor 1 receives unicast
Pulsed laser signal long, after loading seawater salinity signal and ocean temperature signal on pulsed laser signal, along Single wavelength
Pulsed laser signal opposite direction output backscattering optical signal, lossy step sequence and anti-on backscattering optical signal
Penetrate peak sequence.Multigroup original backscattering optical signal data is obtained by the multi collect backscattering optical signal of signal processing module 3,
And treatment is averaged to multigroup original backscattering optical signal data, obtain backscattering optical signal data.Demodulation module 4
Treatment, output temperature signal and salinity are demodulated with loss step sequence to reflection peak sequence in backscattering optical signal data
Signal.
Signal processing module include signal gathering unit and equalization processing unit, the input of signal gathering unit with point
The output end connection of the seawater thermohaline sensor of cloth, handling averagely unit input connects with the output end of signal gathering unit
Connect, the input of handling averagely unit output end and demodulating unit, signal gathering unit is used for multi collect dorsad scattering light
Signal data obtains multigroup dorsad scattering light signal data；Handling averagely unit is used to carry out multigroup dorsad scattering light signal
Handling averagely exports backscattering optical signal.
The cycle of the pulsed laser signal of Single wavelengthWherein, L is the length of optical fiber, and c is the light velocity, and n is fibre core
Refractive index.Avoid between the reflection peak sequences that two pulse lasers produce or between loss step sequence or between reflection peak sequence
Occur overlapping, or occur overlapping between reflection peak sequence and loss step sequence.
The operation principle of demodulating unit is：The temperature power of reflection peak and FBG according to i-th sensitive zones generation is special
Property data determine i-th ocean temperature of sensitive zones；According to by i-th sensitive zones LPG produce loss step amplitude,
Salinity power characterization data under i-th ocean temperature and LPG different temperatures of sensitive zones obtains the salt of the i-th sensitive zones
Degree.The demodulation of temperature signal and salinity data that realization is detected to the i-th sensitive zones, by allowing sensitive zones order i times
All sensitive zones are gone through, and then the demodulation of temperature signal and salinity data detected to all sensitive zones can be realized.
The present invention provides the embodiment of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus, and laser occurs the arteries and veins that module exports 1550nm
Impulse light, optical fiber is processed using the single-mode fiber of conventional SMF 28, the center reflection wavelength 1548.7nm of FBG in sensitive zones,
Reflectivity 1%, insertion loss about 0.04dB, Fig. 3 are the reflectance spectrum of FBG, and the central homology wavelength of LPG is in sensitive zones
1547.5nm, correspondence maximum loss -2.2dB, Fig. 4 are the transmitted spectrum of LPG.The distance between LPG and FPG blank optical fiber 1113
Length is 10m.The loss of optical fiber is 0.2dB/km.
Understand that the insertion loss of the weak grating combination of each pair is less than 2.3dB, single-mode fiber loss 0.2dB/km, single company
Device loss is connect less than 0.3dB, single fusion point loss is less than 0.2dB, when fiber lengths are L, joints of optical fibre a in link,
Fusion point b, when the difference of initial level to the level that signal to noise ratio is 1 of backscattering optical signal is △ P, according to following relation
Determine the theoretical boundary of sensitive zones quantity N：
△P>2.3dB×N+0.2dB/km×L+0.3dB×a+0.2dB×b
As shown in Figure 4, a width of 0.5nm of linear region band on FBG reflected light signals hypotenuse, FBG reflected light signals are oblique
The slope of the range of linearity is 0.21dB/nm on side, and 1 DEG C of temperature change corresponding wavelength drift 10pm so that FBG temperature controls
Reach 0.21dB/ DEG C；It is capable of achieving the temperature-compensating in the range of -20 DEG C~30 DEG C.LPG one side hypotenuse band is wider than 6nm, and salinity
Change 1 ‰ corresponding wavelengths drift 0.2nm, LPG salimity measurements scope covering 10~40 ‰.
Quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline detection means proposed by the present invention, can operate with the thermohaline inspection in different directions gradient
Survey；When the present invention applies to the detection of seawater salinity Vertical Distribution Law, weight should be hung from above in optical fiber tail-end, to ensure Optical fibre writing appliance
Directly；When the present invention applies to the detection of sea surface salinity water horizontal distribution rule, float should be installed additional in each sensing node.
Quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline detection means proposed by the present invention cannot be only used for the quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline of static state
Distribution detection, by winding the non-sensitive zones optical fiber of first section, finely tunes the integral position of sensing unit, and repeated detection can obtain more
Fine sea water temperature salt distribution rule.
The quasi-distributed ocean temperature detection method that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
S1 when any one sensitive zones during Single wavelength laser signal is by seawater thermohaline sensor, by the sensitive zones
LPG produces loss step on backscattering optical signal, and reflection is produced on backscattering optical signal by sensitive zones FBG
Peak, and loss step is related to seawater regional temperature where the sensitive zones and salinity, reflects peak-to-peak value and the sensitive zones
The temperature in place seawater region is related；And then, when Single wavelength laser signal is by multiple sensitive zones, in backscattering optical signal
Upper generation reflection peak sequence and loss step sequence.
S2 is true according to the temperature power performance data of FBG and by the reflection peak-to-peak value of FBG generations in i-th sensitive zones
The temperature of fixed i-th sensitive zones.
The temperature power performance data for obtaining FBG can be obtained by step S21 to step S23：
When it is the salting liquid of T that seawater thermohaline sensor is placed in the temperature that salinity is arbitrary value, acquisition is swashed S21 by Single wavelength
The backscattering optical signal that light is injected seawater thermohaline sensor and produced；
S22 will in backscattering optical signal any reflection peak-to-peak value as FBG the corresponding performance number when temperature is T；
Whether S23 judges temperature T more than temperature change higher limit Tmax, if so, then exporting the temperature power characteristic quantity of FBG
According to the temperature power performance data of FBG is made up of FBG performance numbers corresponding at different temperatures；Otherwise, T=T+ △ T are made,
Into step S21；
The initial value of T is temperature change lower limit Tmin, temperature change lower limit TminWith temperature change higher limit TmaxEqual root
Determine according to ocean temperature excursion, △ T are temperature change precision, the precision of △ T seawater thermohaline sensors according to needed for determines.
In the embodiment of the detection method that the present invention is provided, range of temperature selection is -20~30 DEG C, i.e. temperature change
Lower limit be -20 DEG C, the higher limit of temperature change is 30 DEG C, and temperature change precision △ T selections are 0.1 DEG C.
S3 is according to the salinity power under the loss step amplitude and LPG different temperatures produced by LPG in i-th sensitive zones
Performance data obtains the salinity of the i-th sensitive zones.
The salinity power characterization data under LPG different temperatures can be obtained by step S31 to step S34：
S31 when it is the salting liquid of T that seawater thermohaline sensor is placed in the temperature that salinity is S, by Single wavelength laser penetrated by acquisition
The backscattering optical signal for entering seawater thermohaline sensor and producing；
The amplitude of any loss step in backscattering optical signal is correspondence when T salinity is S in temperature as LPG by S32
Performance number；
Whether S33 judges salinity S more than salinity altercation higher limit Smax, if so, then entering step S34, otherwise, make S=S+
△ S, into step S31；
The initial value of S is salinity altercation lower limit Smin, salinity altercation lower limit SminWith salinity altercation higher limit SmaxEqual root
Determine according to seawater salinity excursion, △ S are salinity altercation precision, the precision of △ S seawater thermohaline sensors according to needed for determines.
S34 judges whether temperature T becomes higher limit T more than temperaturemax, if so, the then salinity work(under output LPG different temperatures
Rate performance data, salinity power characterization datas of the LPG under a certain specified temp by LPG under a certain specified temp in different salt
Corresponding performance number composition, otherwise, makes T=T+ △ T, into step S21 when spending；
The initial value of T is temperature change lower limit Tmin, temperature change lower limit TminWith temperature change higher limit TmaxEqual root
Determine according to ocean temperature excursion, △ T are temperature change precision, the precision of △ T seawater thermohaline sensors according to needed for determines.
Whether S4 judges sensitive zones order i more than sensitive zones quantity N, if so, then terminating；Otherwise, i=i+1 is made, is entered
Enter step S2；Wherein 1≤i≤N, N are sensitive zones quantity.
It should be noted last that, above specific embodiment is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted,
It will be understood by those within the art that, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without
Depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of quasi-distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, it is characterised in that seawater thermohaline sensor is an optical fiber (11), institute
State optical fiber and be provided with multiple sensitive zones (111) and multiple non-sensitive zones (112), and the sensitive zones (111) with it is described
The alternate arrangement of non-sensitive zones (112)；
Being inscribed on each described sensitive zones (111) has LPFG and bragg grating；The long period light
Fine grating is arranged with the bragg grating along Single wavelength laser signal transmission direction, where the LPFG
Fiber area is without coat, the central homology wavelength all same of each LPFG, each described long period light
The peak loss of fine grating is no more than -2.2dB；The center reflection wavelength all same of each bragg grating, each
The peak reflectivity of the bragg grating is no more than 1%；
The LPFG is used to make Single wavelength laser signal power produce loss, and then makes on backscattering optical signal
There is loss step；The bragg grating is used to reflect Single wavelength laser signal part, and then makes back-scattering light
Occurs reflection peak on signal；
When Single wavelength laser is by any one of sensitive zones (111), the sensitive zones (111) are in back-scattering light
A loss step and a reflection peak, reflection peak is produced to react the temperature of sensitive zones (111) institute test position on signal
Degree information, loss step reacts the temperature and salinity information of sensitive zones (111) institute test position；When Single wavelength laser warp
When crossing the multiple sensitive zones (111), there is loss step sequence and reflection peak sequence in the backscattering optical signal, real
Multiple point salinity and temperature are now measured simultaneously.
2. seawater thermohaline sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that seawater thermohaline sensor also includes protective case
Pipe (12), is placed on the optical fiber (11) outside, for strengthening the intensity of the optical fiber (11), and protects the sensitive zones
(111)；And it is provided with blasthole, position and long period optical fiber of the blasthole on protection sleeve pipe on described protection sleeve pipe (12) surface
Position is identical during grating is located at optical fiber, for making seawater be fully contacted with the LPFG.
3. seawater thermohaline sensor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that in same sensitive zones, the Bradley
The position of lattice fiber grating overlaps with the position of the LPFG.
4. the seawater thermohaline sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that by by each biography
Sensillary area domain (11) is wound into multiple annulus of the diameter not less than 10cm, makes the bragg grating with the long period optical fiber
The position of grating overlaps, and multiple annulus junctions are fixed, for ensureing LPFG and bragg fiber light
Stress on grid is constant.
5. a kind of seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus of the seawater thermohaline sensor based on described in claim 1, it is characterised in that bag
Include：
Laser generation module, the pulsed laser signal for producing Single wavelength；
Distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, its input is connected with the output end of the laser generation module, for receiving
State the pulsed laser signal of Single wavelength, and opposite direction output back-scattering light along the pulsed laser signal of the Single wavelength is believed
Number；
Signal processing module, its input is connected with the output end of distributed seawater thermohaline sensor, for the multi collect back of the body
Multigroup dorsad scattering light signal data is obtained to scattering light signal data, and place is averaged to multigroup dorsad scattering light signal
Reason output backscattering optical signal；
Demodulating unit, its input is connected with the output end of the signal processing module, for will be anti-in backscattering optical signal
Penetrate peak sequence and be demodulated treatment, output temperature signal and salinity data with loss step sequence；
And the cycle of the pulsed laser signal of Single wavelengthWherein, L is the length of optical fiber, and c is the light velocity, and n rolls over for fibre core
Penetrate rate.
6. seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the signal processing module includes：
Signal gathering unit, its input is the input of signal processing module, for multi collect dorsad scattering light signal number
According to the multigroup dorsad scattering light signal data of acquisition；
Handling averagely unit, its input is connected with the output end of the signal gathering unit, and its output end is the signal
The output end of processing module, for averaging treatment output backscattering optical signal to multigroup dorsad scattering light signal.
7. a kind of detection method of the seawater thermohaline measurement apparatus based on described in claim 5, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
S1 when any one sensitive zones during Single wavelength laser signal is by seawater thermohaline sensor, by sensitive zones week long
Phase fiber grating produces loss step on backscattering optical signal, by the sensitive zones bragg grating in backscattering
Reflection peak is produced on optical signal, and loss step amplitude is related to seawater regional temperature where the sensitive zones and salinity, instead
Penetrate peak-to-peak value related to the temperature in seawater region where the sensitive zones；And then, Single wavelength laser signal is by multiple sensing units
During domain, reflection peak sequence and loss step sequence are produced on backscattering optical signal；
S2 is according to the temperature power performance data of bragg grating and by bragg grating in i-th sensitive zones
The reflection peak-to-peak value of generation determines the temperature of the i-th sensitive zones；
Temperature of the S3 according to the i-th sensitive zones for obtaining, the loss platform by LPFG generation in i-th sensitive zones
Salinity power characterization data under rank amplitude and LPFG different temperatures obtains the salinity of the i-th sensitive zones；
Whether S4 judges sensitive zones order i more than sensitive zones quantity N, if so, then terminating；Otherwise, i=i+1 is made, into step
Rapid S2；Wherein 1≤i≤N, N are sensitive zones quantity.
8. detection method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the temperature work(of bragg grating is obtained in step S2
Rate performance data comprises the following steps：
S21 when it is the salting liquid of T that seawater thermohaline sensor is placed in the temperature that salinity is arbitrary value, by Single wavelength laser penetrated by acquisition
The backscattering optical signal for entering seawater thermohaline sensor and producing；
S22 will in backscattering optical signal any reflection peak-to-peak value as bragg grating the corresponding work(when temperature is T
Rate value；
Whether S23 judges temperature T more than temperature change higher limit Tmax, if so, then exporting the temperature power of bragg grating
Performance data, otherwise, makes T=T+ △ T, into step S21；
Wherein, the initial value of T is Tmin, TminTemperature change lower limit, TmaxIt is temperature change higher limit, △ T are temperature change essence
Degree.
9. detection method as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that LPFG is obtained in step S3 different
At a temperature of salinity power characterization data comprise the following steps：
When it is the salting liquid of T that seawater thermohaline sensor is placed in the temperature that salinity is S, acquisition injects sea to S31 by Single wavelength laser
Water thermohaline sensor and the backscattering optical signal that produces；
The amplitude of any loss step in backscattering optical signal is that T salinity is S in temperature as LPFG by S32
When corresponding performance number；
Whether S33 judges salinity S more than salinity altercation higher limit Smax, if so, then entering step S34, otherwise, S=S+ △ S are made,
Into step S31；
S34 judges whether temperature T becomes higher limit T more than temperaturemax, if so, then under output LPFG different temperatures
Salinity power characterization data, otherwise, makes T=T+ △ T, S=Smin, into step S31；
Wherein, the initial value of T is Tmin, TminTemperature change lower limit, TmaxIt is temperature change higher limit, △ T are temperature change essence
Degree；
The initial value of S is Smin, SminIt is salinity altercation lower limit, SmaxIt is salinity altercation higher limit, △ S are salinity altercation precision.
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