CN108507526B - Foundation pit deformation measuring device and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Foundation pit deformation measuring device and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507526B CN108507526B CN201810313526.3A CN201810313526A CN108507526B CN 108507526 B CN108507526 B CN 108507526B CN 201810313526 A CN201810313526 A CN 201810313526A CN 108507526 B CN108507526 B CN 108507526B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in capacitance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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Abstract
A foundation pit deformation measuring device and a measuring method thereof are disclosed, the measuring device comprises a steel wire, a spring, an inclination angle sensor, a displacement sensor, an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate, the upper fixing plate is fixed at the upper edge of the side wall of a foundation pit and is vertical to the side wall of the foundation pit, the bottom end of the steel wire is fixed at the bottom of the foundation pit close to the side wall of the foundation pit, the lower fixing plate is fixed at the top of the steel wire and is vertical to the steel wire, one ends of the spring and the displacement sensor are connected with the upper surface of the lower fixing plate, and; the elastic coefficient of the spring is 1-2N/mm; the inclination angle sensor is fixed at the top end of the steel wire, is arranged perpendicular to the steel wire and can be used for measuring the deflection angle of the steel wire; and (3) pre-tightening the spring and the steel wire before the measurement is started, and enabling the steel wire and the spring to be in a vertical stretching state. The device can replace the existing measuring methods such as a total station and the like, and the labor cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method capable of monitoring foundation pit deformation in real time, and belongs to the field of foundation pit deformation measurement.
Background
With the continuous promotion of the urbanization process, the space utilization rate of modern cities is higher and higher, the congestion phenomenon of the cities is more and more serious, and the development and utilization of underground spaces of the cities become the inevitable trend of city development. A large amount of underground spaces such as underground parking lots, underground shopping malls and underground tunnels utilize the excavation phenomenon of essential underground deep foundation pits.
After the foundation pit is excavated, the horizontal supporting force of a soil body is reduced, the underground water level is reduced due to the precipitation of the excavation of the foundation pit and is unbalanced with the water level outside the pit, the generated water pressure difference is large, so that a plurality of factors such as the increase of the dead weight stress in the soil can cause the sinking, the lateral deformation, the inclination, the displacement and even the cracking of surrounding important buildings and the ground, and the safety of the important buildings, personnel and construction is influenced; in addition, in consideration of the existing foundation pit supporting design method and geological conditions, the supporting scheme cannot completely guarantee the absolute safety of foundation pit engineering. Therefore, monitoring the foundation pit construction is essential to the safety of surrounding important buildings and personnel as well as the foundation pit construction itself.
At present, the method used for monitoring most of foundation pits is a total station coordinate change method. The total station coordinate change method is that several difference reference points are set at any stable and firm place outside the foundation pit construction influence, and permanent reflecting prisms are installed on the difference reference points and deformation monitoring points. And (4) optionally setting a measuring station according to the shape of the foundation pit to observe the three-dimensional coordinates of each point in the direction. And the data obtained by multiple observations are subjected to difference and then used as the reference for the subsequent deformation monitoring data processing. Carrying out horizontal displacement and vertical displacement three-dimensional direction observation according to one or a plurality of cycles every day; from the second observation, the measuring station does not need to coincide with the last observation each time, but the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring station measured at this time are measured by using the difference reference points. Then, the coordinate values of the monitoring points are measured and calculated. And calculating the deformation value of each monitoring point in two directions of horizontal displacement and the deformation value in the settlement direction, namely the deformation value in the three-dimensional direction, by using the difference adjustment. And then according to different foundation pit edge shapes, converting the value in the displacement values in the 3-dimensional direction into a horizontal displacement value and a vertical settlement value in the normal direction of the edge of the foundation pit.
The requirement of foundation pit monitoring on data accuracy and monitoring frequency is high, although the total station coordinate change method is simple to operate, due to manual operation, workers need to observe the data in one or more periods every day, the labor intensity is very large, real-time measurement cannot be achieved, and measurement errors are easy to generate. In addition, the total station coordinate change method can only measure the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit, cannot measure the vertical settlement of the foundation pit, and the vertical settlement of the foundation pit is also an important safety index. In modern urban construction, these drawbacks bring about a safety risk in deep foundation pit construction, and many engineering accidents have been caused due to the imperfection of these detection systems. Therefore, researching and designing an efficient, accurate, stable and real-time foundation pit deformation monitoring technology becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring device and a measuring method for foundation pit deformation. The foundation pit measuring device and the foundation pit measuring method can be used for efficiently, accurately and stably monitoring the deformation condition of the foundation pit.
The invention realizes the aim of the invention and firstly provides a foundation pit deformation measuring device which comprises a steel wire, a spring, an inclination angle sensor, a displacement sensor, an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate, wherein the upper fixing plate is fixed at the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit and is vertical to the side wall of the foundation pit; the elastic coefficient of the spring is 1-2N/mm; the inclination angle sensor is fixed at the top end of the steel wire, is arranged perpendicular to the steel wire and can be used for measuring the deflection angle of the steel wire; and (3) pre-tightening the spring and the steel wire before the measurement is started, and enabling the steel wire and the spring to be in a vertical stretching state.
Furthermore, the displacement sensor comprises a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a pull rod type linear displacement sensor and a capacitive displacement sensor.
The magnetostrictive sensor has high precision and can bear high temperature, high pressure and strong vibration; no abrasion operation and good stability. The pull rod type linear displacement sensor is small in size, convenient to install, diversified in output signal, high in precision and high in response speed. The capacitive linear displacement sensor has the advantages of simple structure, high temperature resistance, radiation resistance, high resolution, good dynamic response characteristic and low cost. Through the experiment, the three displacement sensors are applied to the measuring device and are used for measuring the vertical displacement accurately, the installation is convenient, and the adaptability is strong.
The invention also provides two methods for measuring the deformation of the foundation pit by using the foundation pit deformation measuring device, wherein one method comprises the following steps: monitoring an angle value theta measured by the tilt angle sensor and a displacement value d measured by the displacement sensor in real time, and judging the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the measured angle value theta and the displacement value d, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not less than 0, judging that the foundation pit only has horizontal displacement X, wherein X is 2 pi h theta/360 degrees, and h is the initial foundation pit depth;
if the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement Y, and if Y is equal to d;
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0, and the displacement value d is less than 0, the foundation pit is judged to have horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y, wherein the horizontal displacement X is 2 pi (h-d) theta/360 degrees, the vertical displacement Y is d, and h is the initial foundation pit depth.
The other method is as follows: monitoring an angle value theta measured by the tilt angle sensor and a displacement value d measured by the displacement sensor in real time, and judging the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the measured angle value theta and the displacement value d, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not less than 0, judging that the foundation pit only has horizontal displacement X, wherein the X is h and tan theta, and h is the initial foundation pit depth;
if the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement Y, and if Y is equal to d;
and if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is less than 0, judging that the foundation pit has horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y, wherein the horizontal displacement X is (h-d) tan theta, and the vertical displacement Y is d, and h is the initial foundation pit depth.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0, and the displacement value d is not less than 0, the foundation pit is judged to be only horizontally displaced X, because when the foundation pit is only horizontally displaced, the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit can drive the spring and the steel wire to integrally deflect through the upper fixing plate, and the bottom end of the steel wire is fixed, the steel wire can deflect relative to the vertical direction, and the angle displayed by the inclination angle sensor is the rotation angle theta. The wire deflection process may produce very little stretching, negligible (d ≧ 0). Since the horizontal displacement amount is very small compared to the depth h of the foundation pit, the horizontal displacement X can be approximated by an arc length formula X of 2 pi h θ/360 °, or the horizontal displacement X can be approximated by a sine formula X of h tan θ.
When the foundation pit has vertical displacement (foundation pit subsides), the deformation of the whole steel wire and the spring in the vertical direction can be concentrated on the spring part, so the vertical displacement of the foundation pit can be obtained by measuring the expansion and contraction quantity of the spring through the displacement sensor. If the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement, and measuring the expansion and contraction quantity of the spring through a displacement sensor to obtain the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit, wherein the Y is equal to d; d is the measured value of the displacement sensor.
And if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is less than 0, judging that the foundation pit has horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y. The horizontal displacement X of the foundation pit is obtained through an arc length formula, wherein X is 2 pi (h-d) theta/360 degrees, and can also be approximately obtained through a sine formula, and X is h tan theta, and the vertical displacement Y is d, wherein h is the initial foundation pit depth.
Through calculation, an inclination angle sensor with the precision of 0.01 degree is adopted, and when the depth of the foundation pit is 15 meters, the measurement precision of the two measurement methods on the horizontal displacement is about 2.5 mm. The early warning value that 15 meters foundation pits need to detect in the engineering is 3mm, therefore, this measuring device accords with foundation pit measurement requirement completely. The measurement accuracy of the vertical displacement depends on the displacement sensor and can be selected according to the requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the foundation pit deformation measuring device has the beneficial effects that:
the device can replace the existing measuring methods such as a total station, the working intensity of workers is greatly reduced, the labor cost is saved, the detection precision is high, and the cost is low; the data can be visually displayed to the detection personnel through the measurement of the tilt angle sensor, and no professional requirement is made on the detection personnel; and the system can be developed to form remote automatic monitoring without monitoring on site by workers.
And secondly, by using the inclination angle sensor and the displacement sensor in a matching manner, the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement can be measured in real time, the displacement type and the displacement data can be judged according to the measurement data, and the deformation of the foundation pit in each direction can be comprehensively judged.
Selecting a spring with the elastic coefficient of 1-2N/mm, so that the spring and the steel wire can be fully pre-tightened in the initial state, and the steel wire and the spring are integrally inclined when horizontal displacement is generated at the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit, so that the angle is measured by using an inclination angle sensor, and the horizontal displacement at the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit is calculated; and when the vertical displacement (foundation pit settlement) of the foundation pit occurs, the deformation of the whole steel wire and the spring in the vertical direction can be concentrated on the spring part, and the expansion and contraction quantity of the spring can be measured through the displacement sensor to obtain the vertical displacement of the foundation pit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall arrangement of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of measuring the horizontal displacement X of the foundation pit by an arc length formula according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of measuring the horizontal displacement X of the foundation pit by a sinusoidal formula according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of measuring the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of measuring the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit by an arc length formula according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of measuring the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit by a sine formula according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawing, M denotes a side wall of the trench.
Detailed Description
Examples
Fig. 1 and 2 show that a foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises a steel wire 1, a spring 2, an inclination angle sensor 3, a displacement sensor 4, an upper fixing plate 5 and a lower fixing plate 6, wherein the upper fixing plate 5 is fixed at the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit and is vertical to the side wall of the foundation pit; the bottom end of the steel wire 1 is fixed at the bottom of the foundation pit close to the side wall of the foundation pit, the lower fixing plate 6 is fixed at the top of the steel wire 1 and is vertical to the steel wire 1, one ends of the spring 2 and the displacement sensor 4 are connected with the upper surface of the lower fixing plate 6, and the other ends of the spring 2 and the displacement sensor 4 are connected with the lower surface of the upper fixing plate 5; the elastic coefficient of the spring 2 is 1-2N/mm; the inclination angle sensor 3 is fixed at the top end of the steel wire 1, is arranged perpendicular to the steel wire 1 and can be used for measuring the deflection angle of the steel wire 1; before the measurement is started, the spring 2 and the steel wire 1 are pre-tightened, and the steel wire 1 and the spring 2 are in a vertical stretching state.
In this example, the displacement sensor 4 includes a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a pull rod type linear displacement sensor, and a capacitive displacement sensor.
The dimensions of the spring 2 in this example are: the outer diameter is 8mm, the length is 30mm, and the thickness of the spring wire is 1 mm.
One measuring method of the foundation pit deformation measuring device is as follows: monitoring an angle value theta measured by the inclination angle sensor 3 and a displacement value d measured by the displacement sensor 4 in real time, and judging the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the measured angle value theta and the displacement value d, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not less than 0, judging that the foundation pit only has horizontal displacement X, wherein X is 2 pi h theta/360 degrees, and h is the initial foundation pit depth;
if the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement Y, and if Y is equal to d;
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0, and the displacement value d is less than 0, the foundation pit is judged to have horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y, wherein the horizontal displacement X is 2 pi (h-d) theta/360 degrees, the vertical displacement Y is d, and h is the initial foundation pit depth.
Another measuring method of the foundation pit deformation measuring device is as follows: monitoring an angle value theta measured by the inclination angle sensor 3 and a displacement value d measured by the displacement sensor 4 in real time, and judging the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the measured angle value theta and the displacement value d, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not less than 0, judging that the foundation pit only has horizontal displacement X, wherein the X is h and tan theta, and h is the initial foundation pit depth;
if the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement Y, and if Y is equal to d;
and if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is less than 0, judging that the foundation pit has horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y, wherein the horizontal displacement X is (h-d) tan theta, and the vertical displacement Y is d, and h is the initial foundation pit depth.
Fig. 3 to 7 are schematic diagrams of the principle of measuring the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit by the two measuring methods. The top end of the steel wire 1 is fixed at a point p of a fixing plate 5 on the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit in an initial state through a spring 2, and the bottom of the steel wire 1 is fixed at a point o; and h is the initial depth of the foundation pit.
If the angle value theta is not equal to 0, and the displacement value d is not less than 0, the foundation pit is judged to be only horizontally displaced X, because when the foundation pit is only horizontally displaced, the upper edge of the side wall of the foundation pit can integrally drive the spring 2 and the steel wire 1 to deflect relative to the vertical direction through the upper fixing plate 5, the top end of the spring 2 moves to a point q, and the angle displayed by the inclination angle sensor 3 is the deflection angle theta. The process of deflection of the wire 1 may produce very little stretching, negligible (d ≧ 0). As shown in fig. 3, since the horizontal displacement amount is very small compared to the depth h of the foundation pit, the horizontal displacement can be approximated by an arc length formula X of 2 pi h θ/360 °. As shown in fig. 4, the horizontal displacement X can also be found by the sine formula: x ═ h × tan θ.
When the vertical displacement (foundation pit subsides) takes place for the foundation pit, the whole deformation of steel wire 1 and spring 2 in vertical direction can concentrate on spring 2 part, so through the flexible volume of displacement sensor 4 measurement spring 2, can obtain the vertical displacement of foundation pit. As shown in fig. 5, if the angle value θ is 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, it is determined that the foundation pit is only vertically displaced, and the displacement sensor 4 measures the amount of expansion and contraction of the spring 2, so that the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit can be obtained, where Y is d; d is the measured value of the displacement sensor 4.
And if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is less than 0, judging that the foundation pit has horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y. As shown in fig. 6, the horizontal displacement X of the foundation pit is obtained by an arc length formula, where X is 2 pi (h-d) × θ/360 °, and the vertical displacement Y is d, where h is the initial depth of the foundation pit. As shown in fig. 7, the horizontal displacement X can also be found by the sine formula: and X is (h-d) tan theta, and the vertical displacement Y is d, wherein h is the initial foundation pit depth.
Claims (4)
1. A foundation pit deformation measuring device comprises a steel wire (1), a spring (2), an inclination angle sensor (3), a displacement sensor (4), an upper fixing plate (5) and a lower fixing plate (6), wherein the upper fixing plate (5) is fixed at the upper edge of the side wall of a foundation pit and is perpendicular to the side wall of the foundation pit; the bottom end of the steel wire (1) is fixed at the bottom of a foundation pit close to the side wall of the foundation pit, the lower fixing plate (6) is fixed at the top of the steel wire (1) and is perpendicular to the steel wire (1), one ends of the spring (2) and the displacement sensor (4) are connected with the upper surface of the lower fixing plate (6), and the other ends of the spring (2) and the displacement sensor (4) are connected with the lower surface of the upper fixing plate (5); the elastic coefficient of the spring (2) is 1-2N/mm; the inclination angle sensor (3) is fixed at the top end of the steel wire (1), is arranged perpendicular to the steel wire (1) and can be used for measuring the deflection angle of the steel wire (1); before the measurement is started, the spring (2) and the steel wire (1) are pre-tightened, and the steel wire (1) and the spring (2) are in a vertical stretching state.
2. A foundation pit deformation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the displacement sensor (4) comprises a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, a pull rod type linear displacement sensor and a capacitive displacement sensor.
3. A measuring method of the foundation pit deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: monitoring an angle value theta measured by the inclination angle sensor (3) and a displacement value d measured by the displacement sensor (4) in real time, and judging the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the measured angle value theta and the displacement value d, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not less than 0, judging that the foundation pit only has horizontal displacement X, wherein X is 2 pi h theta/360 degrees, and h is the initial foundation pit depth;
if the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement Y, and if Y is equal to d;
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0, and the displacement value d is less than 0, the foundation pit is judged to have horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y, wherein the horizontal displacement X is 2 pi (h-d) theta/360 degrees, the vertical displacement Y is d, and h is the initial foundation pit depth.
4. A measuring method of the foundation pit deformation measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: monitoring an angle value theta measured by the inclination angle sensor (3) and a displacement value d measured by the displacement sensor (4) in real time, and judging the horizontal displacement X and the vertical displacement Y of the foundation pit according to the measured angle value theta and the displacement value d, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not less than 0, judging that the foundation pit only has horizontal displacement X, wherein the X is h and tan theta, and h is the initial foundation pit depth;
if the angle value theta is equal to 0 and the displacement value d is not equal to 0, judging that the foundation pit only has vertical displacement Y, and if Y is equal to d;
and if the angle value theta is not equal to 0 and the displacement value d is less than 0, judging that the foundation pit has horizontal displacement X and vertical displacement Y, wherein the horizontal displacement X is (h-d) tan theta, and the vertical displacement Y is d, and h is the initial foundation pit depth.
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| CN108519044A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-09-11 | 成都柏森松传感技术有限公司 | A kind of measuring system and measurement method of foundation pit deformation |
| CN111438344B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-11-12 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Measuring device and measuring method for hot roll gap of hydraulic fan-shaped section of continuous casting machine |
| CN111879288B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江虎跃建设有限公司 | Engineering supervision safety monitoring system |
| CN112160308A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-01 | 北京住总第六开发建设有限公司 | Excavation measuring device for earthwork foundation pit in building construction |
| CN112813824B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-08-12 | 江苏中路工程技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring relative vertical deformation rate between ribs of steel bridge deck system |
| CN113309110B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-09-06 | 重庆海发工程项目管理咨询有限公司 | Automatic monitoring system and method for foundation pit displacement |
| CN114908818B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-02-14 | 河南五建建设集团有限公司 | Foundation pit deformation observation device |
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