CN206428131U - A kind of rural domestic sewage treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rural domestic sewage treatment system, which relates to the technical field of sewage treatment. The rural domestic sewage treatment system includes a pretreatment structure, a circulating biological filter and an artificial wetland; the water inlet of the pretreatment structure is connected to the sewage inlet pipe, and the water outlet of the pretreatment structure is connected to the circulating biological filter. The water inlet is connected, the water outlet of the circulating biological filter is connected with the water inlet of the artificial wetland, and the water outlet of the artificial wetland is connected with the water outlet pipe. The utility model is applicable to the distributed small-scale domestic sewage treatment system in rural areas, which not only has simple operation, stable operation, and high treatment efficiency; but also has small footprint, low energy consumption, low cost, and good ecological effect.

Description

A rural domestic sewage treatment system

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a rural domestic sewage treatment system.

Background technique

At present, most villages in my country have no drainage pipe network and sewage treatment system, and the random discharge of production and domestic sewage causes serious pollution of rural water bodies, which has an adverse impact on the surrounding environment and threatens the safety of drinking water for the surrounding people. With the rapid development of the rural economy , the improvement of living standards has increased the discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas, and the environmental conditions in rural areas have deteriorated day by day. Although there are many types of existing domestic sewage treatment processes, such as A2/O process, membrane bioreactor, biological fluidized bed, etc., compared with urban sewage treatment, rural areas are relatively scattered, and the per capita water consumption standard is relatively low. In the morning, noon, and evening, the water consumption is relatively concentrated and the water volume is large, but at night, the water consumption is very small, and in the early morning, the water consumption is basically zero, and the water volume fluctuates greatly. At night, low flow or even zero flow occurs. It is in a dry state, which leads to unstable or even paralyzed operation of the existing technology; due to the low pollutant load, the treatment efficiency is low when using the existing technology; due to the complexity of the existing process technology, professional technicians are required to operate and Maintenance and management are more difficult in remote rural areas.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a rural domestic sewage treatment system with high efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, and easy operation, maintenance and management, which can improve the rural water environment by efficiently, stably, economically and simply treating rural domestic sewage .

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following scheme:

The utility model provides a rural domestic sewage treatment system, which includes a pretreatment structure, a circulating biological filter (WRBF) and an artificial wetland. The water inlet of the pretreatment structure is connected with the sewage water inlet pipe, and the water outlet of the pretreatment structure It is connected with the water inlet of the circulating biological filter (WRBF), the water outlet of the circulating biological filter (WRBF) is connected with the water inlet of the constructed wetland, and the water outlet of the constructed wetland is connected with the water outlet pipe.

Preferably, the pretreatment structure includes a septic tank and a grid well connected in sequence, the septic tank and the grid well are both primary treatment structures, and the grid well adopts a basket grid for easy maintenance .

Preferably, the circulating biofilter includes an inlet tank, a regulating tank and a sand filter tank, and the water inlet tank includes a water inlet of sewage to be treated, a return port from the regulating tank and an outlet of the inlet tank; the adjusting The tank includes a purified water outlet, an outlet to the water inlet tank and a water return port from the sand filter tank; the sand filter tank includes an inlet from the water inlet tank and an outlet to the adjustment tank; the sand filter The pool is connected between the water inlet pool and the adjustment pool, the outlet of the water inlet pool is connected with the inlet of the sand filter tank to the water inlet pool through the return pump, and the inlet pool and the adjustment pool are provided There is a check valve that only allows the outlet from the adjustment tank to the water inlet tank to the return port of the water inlet tank from the adjustment tank; the top of the sand filter tank is provided for evenly distributing the sewage to The water distributor on the surface of the sand filter, the bottom of the sand filter is provided with a water collector for collecting water after sand filtration; the sand filter is higher than the height of the adjustment tank; the adjustment The water level of the pool is higher than the water level of the inlet pool; the upper part of the regulating pool is provided with an overflow weir for controlling the rise of the water level; the regulating pool is also provided with a device to prevent the water entering the regulating pool from the sand filter from directly passing through the overflow weir The partition that flows out and ensures the continuous circulation of the inflow pool through the check valve.

Among them, the overflow weir in the adjustment tank is mainly used to control the water level, and the separator acts as a connector to prevent the water entering the adjustment tank from the sand filter from flowing out directly through the overflow weir, which can ensure that part of it passes through the check valve. It flows into the water inlet pool and continues to circulate. When the water inflow increases, the water level of the regulating tank rises at the same time, and when the liquid level exceeds the height of the overflow weir, it starts to drain outward. Since the entire regulating tank has the function of a secondary sedimentation tank, the SS of the effluent can also reach the standard stably. Because the water level of the water inlet pool is lower than that of the regulating pool, the water in the regulating pool flows into the water inlet pool under the action of gravity to realize the recycling treatment of sewage.

Among them, the raw sewage in the septic tank enters the water inlet tank, mixes and dilutes with the filtered water in the regulating tank, and is pumped to the sand filter tank by the return pump. A safety overflow weir is also installed in the water inlet pool. When the raw sewage inflow is too large, the sewage will overflow directly from the safety overflow weir. The pumping capacity of the return pump is positively correlated with the circulation ratio R, that is, when the flow rate of the pump is large, the circulation ratio also increases.

Among them, the sand filter is the main treatment unit, and basically all pollutants are removed in this pond. The water entering the sand filter is evenly dispersed in the whole pool through the water distributor, and flows through the sand filter layer with microorganisms from top to bottom by gravity, and is treated by the set after a series of physical, chemical and/or biological actions. The water dispenser collects the water. The main filter material in the sand filter is composed of sand and gravel with smaller particle size and gravel with larger particle size. From top to bottom, there are water distribution layer, filter layer, and supporting layer; the water distribution layer is composed of large-sized gravels and water distributors, and the gaps between large-sized gravels are large, which can fully contact with the air. Better aerobic biological treatment; the filter layer is composed of finer gravel, mainly by physical adsorption, precipitation, chemical adsorption, and biochemical action to remove soluble or colloidal pollutants in sewage; supporting layer It is composed of larger gravel and a water collector. The gravel layer supports the upper layer of gravel, and at the same time protects the water collector to prevent fine sand and gravel from entering the water collector and causing blockage.

Preferably, the circulation ratio of the circulating biological filter (WRBF) is 5-7 times.

Preferably, the operation cycle of the water distributor of the circulating biological filter (WRBF) is intermittent 25 minutes water distribution 5 minutes.

Preferably, the constructed wetland includes constructed wetland filler and emergent plants, and the constructed wetland filler should provide a good growth environment for plants and microorganisms, and have good water permeability, and the porosity of the wetland after the filler is installed should not be lower than 0.3, one or more of common fillers such as limestone, slag, vermiculite, zeolite, sandstone, blast furnace slag, and shale can be used.

Preferably, the emergent plants are one or more of reeds, cattails, calamus, chrysanthemums, cannas, water onions, rushes, cress, wild rice stems, ryegrass and the like.

Preferably, the constructed wetland is a subsurface wetland, preferably the surface hydraulic load is 0.2-0.5m ³ /(㎡·d), the hydraulic retention time is 1-3d, and the final effluent is better than surface V water.

First, the domestic sewage enters the pretreatment structure through the water inlet pipe for treatment. After passing through the septic tank, most of the suspended solids in the domestic sewage are precipitated, and the macromolecular organic matter is hydrolyzed under anaerobic conditions. The circulating biological filter (WRBF ) efficiently remove most of the colloids and dissolved organic matter in the sewage through physical interception and microbial biochemical action, the effluent is better than the national standard A standard, and the subsequent sewage treatment is improved. The pretreated domestic sewage is then passed through the circulating biological filter ( WRBF) through the physical interception of the filter material and the biochemical action of microorganisms to obtain the secondary effluent; finally, the secondary effluent enters the artificial wetland for treatment, and through the absorption of plants, finally obtains the discharge water with higher water quality and discharges it from the drain pipe , so as to achieve the purpose of sewage treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has achieved the following technical effects:

The utility model discloses a distributed small-scale domestic sewage treatment system suitable for rural areas. By setting a return pump and an automatic adjustment device (overflow weir) for water volume, the circulation treatment of the sand filter can be realized, and the sand filtration treatment can be circulated many times to ensure the water quality of the effluent. The sewage treatment system is simple in operation, stable in operation, and high in treatment efficiency; and the sewage treatment system occupies a small area, low in energy consumption, low in operating costs, and has good ecological effects in constructed wetlands; the utility model is suitable for water inflow changes Larger rural areas, and can achieve complete automatic control continuous processing, without operation and maintenance personnel.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only the present invention For some embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the rural domestic sewage treatment system of the utility model;

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a rural domestic sewage treatment system with high efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost, and easy operation, maintenance and management, and improve the rural water environment by efficiently, stably, economically and simply treating rural domestic sewage.

Based on this, the rural domestic sewage treatment system provided by the utility model includes a pretreatment structure, a circulating biological filter (WRBF) and an artificial wetland. The water inlet of the pretreatment structure is connected with the sewage inlet pipe, and the pretreatment structure The water outlet is connected to the water inlet of the circulating biological filter (WRBF), the water outlet of the circulating biological filter (WRBF) is connected to the water inlet of the constructed wetland, and the water outlet of the constructed wetland is connected to the water outlet pipe .

Further, the above-mentioned circulating biological filter (WRBF) in the utility model is a low-energy self-circulating domestic sewage treatment device disclosed in the Chinese patent with the publication number CN103073152A, and the circulating biological filter (WRBF) in the utility model is the same as the above-mentioned patent The low-energy self-circulating biological device has no structural changes.

The utility model discloses a distributed small-scale domestic sewage treatment system suitable for rural areas. The sewage treatment system is simple in operation, stable in operation and high in treatment efficiency; and the sewage treatment system occupies a small area, low in energy consumption and low in operation cost. The ecological effect of artificial wetland is good.

In order to make the above purpose, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment one:

This embodiment provides a rural domestic sewage treatment system, including a pretreatment structure, a circulating biological filter (WRBF) and an artificial wetland, the water inlet of the pretreatment structure is connected to the sewage water inlet pipe, and the water outlet of the pretreatment structure It is connected with the water inlet of the circulating biological filter (WRBF), the water outlet of the circulating biological filter (WRBF) is connected with the water inlet of the constructed wetland, and the water outlet of the constructed wetland is connected with the water outlet pipe.

In this specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the pretreatment structure includes a septic tank and a grid well connected in sequence, and the septic tank and the grid well are both primary treatment structures. The grill well adopts basket grills for easy maintenance.

Further, the circulating biological filter includes an inlet tank, a regulating tank and a sand filter tank, the water inlet tank includes the water inlet of the sewage to be treated, the water return port from the regulating tank and the outlet of the water inlet tank; the regulating tank includes a purified water outlet, and a The outlet and the return port from the sand filter; the sand filter includes the inlet from the inlet tank and the outlet to the regulating tank; the sand filter is connected between the inlet tank and the regulating tank, and the outlet of the inlet tank is connected to the outlet of the sand filter through the return pump It is connected to the inlet of the water inlet pool, and there is a check valve between the water inlet pool and the adjustment pool that only allows the outlet from the adjustment pool to the water inlet pool to the water inlet from the water return port of the adjustment pool; The water distributor that distributes the sewage to the surface of the sand filter, and the bottom of the sand filter is equipped with a water collector for collecting the water after sand filtration; the sand filter is higher than the height of the adjustment tank; the water level of the adjustment tank is higher than The water level of the water inlet tank; the upper part of the regulating tank is provided with an overflow weir for controlling the rise of the water level; the regulating tank is also provided with an inlet that prevents the water entering the regulating tank from the sand filter from flowing out directly through the overflow weir and ensures that it flows in through the check valve. The clapboard for the pool to continue to circulate.

Furthermore, the overflow weir in the adjustment tank is mainly used to control the water level, and the partition plate acts as a connector to prevent the water entering the adjustment tank from the sand filter from flowing out directly through the overflow weir, which can ensure that part of it passes through the non-return The valve flows into the water inlet pool to continue the circulation process. When the water inflow increases, the water level of the regulating tank rises at the same time, and when the liquid level exceeds the height of the overflow weir, it starts to drain outward. Since the entire regulating tank has the function of a secondary sedimentation tank, the SS of the effluent can also reach the standard stably. Since the water level of the water inlet pool is lower than that of the regulating pool, the water in the regulating pool flows into the water inlet pool under the action of gravity to realize the recycling treatment of sewage.

Furthermore, the raw sewage in the septic tank enters the water inlet tank, mixes and dilutes with the filtered water in the adjustment tank, and is pumped to the sand filter tank by the return pump. A safety overflow weir is also installed in the water inlet pool. When the raw sewage inflow is too large, the sewage will overflow directly from the safety overflow weir. The pumping capacity of the backflow pump is positively correlated with the circulation ratio R, that is, when the flow rate of the pump is large, the circulation ratio also increases, and the circulation ratio of the whole circulating biological filter (WRBF) of the present invention is 5-7.

Further, the sand filter is the main treatment unit where substantially all pollutants are removed. The sand filter feed water is uniformly dispersed in the whole pool through the water distributor, and flows through the sand filter layer with microorganisms from top to bottom by gravity, and is processed by a series of physical, chemical, and/or biological actions. The water trap collects the effluent. The main filter material in the sand filter is composed of sand and gravel with smaller particle size and gravel with larger particle size. From top to bottom are water distribution layer, filter layer and supporting layer. The water distribution layer is composed of larger-sized gravels and water distributors. The gaps between the large-sized gravels are larger, which can fully contact with the air and better carry out aerobic biological treatment. The filter layer is composed of finer gravel, which mainly removes soluble or colloidal pollutants in sewage by physical adsorption, precipitation, chemical adsorption and/or biochemical action; the supporting layer is composed of larger gravel and Water collector composition. The gravel layer acts as a support for the gravel on the upper layer, and at the same time protects the water collector to prevent fine gravel from entering the water collector and causing blockage.

Furthermore, the constructed wetland is a subsurface flow wetland, preferably the surface hydraulic load is 0.2-0.5m ³ /(㎡·d), the hydraulic retention time is 1-3d, and the final effluent is better than surface V water, and the filler of the constructed wetland is sandstone , Emergent plants use reeds.

When in use, the sewage to be treated enters the septic tank of the pretreatment structure from the water inlet pipe. After passing through the septic tank, most of the suspended solids in the domestic sewage are precipitated, and the macromolecular organic matter is hydrolyzed and stabilized under anaerobic conditions. The sewage sludge is deposited in the pretreatment structure, and the sewage treated by the septic tank enters the intake tank of the ring biofilter (WRBF) through the grid well. The sewage is mixed and diluted with the treated circulating water in the water inlet tank, and is pumped to the sand filter by the return pump. In the sand filter, the sewage is evenly distributed to the surface of the sand filter through the water distributor. The operation cycle of the water distributor is intermittent. 25min cloth water 5min. The water after the sand filter treatment is collected by the water collector at the bottom of the sand filter tank, flows into the regulating tank by gravity, and then flows into the water inlet tank through the check valve, and so on. When the water volume increases, the water level of the regulating tank rises, and when the water level exceeds the overflow weir, it starts to be discharged through the water outlet of the regulating tank. The secondary effluent is obtained through the physical interception of the filter material of the circulating biological filter (WRBF) and the biochemical action of microorganisms. Finally, the secondary effluent enters the artificial wetland through the outlet of the regulating tank for treatment, and through the absorption of plants, finally The discharge water with high water quality is discharged from the drain pipe, so as to achieve the purpose of sewage treatment.

It can be seen that this embodiment provides a small-scale domestic sewage treatment system suitable for rural areas. The setting of the overflow weir in the adjustment pool unit realizes the automatic adjustment of the system water volume. It has the characteristics of simple and sensitive control, and is effective. It effectively solves the disadvantages of unstable sewage water in rural areas; the inlet pool unit realizes the mixing and dilution of incoming water, and the water in the regulating pool flows into the inlet pool through the one-way valve, and is mixed and diluted with incoming water and then pumped to the sand filter tank to realize the sewage. Cyclical treatment, the treatment effect is better. The sewage treatment system is simple in operation, stable in operation, and high in treatment efficiency; and the sewage treatment system occupies a small area, has low operating energy consumption, low operating cost, and has good ecological effects of the artificial wetland.

It should be noted that the septic tank and the grid well in the utility model are not limited to primary treatment structures, and other pretreatment structures are acceptable, as long as most of the suspended matter in domestic sewage can be settled and treated In the same way, grid wells are not limited to basket grids that are easy to maintain, other grid wells with the same function are also available; in addition, constructed wetlands are not necessarily limited to subsurface flow wetlands, and other types of water that can achieve better water yield than surface Type V water wetlands available.

In this description, specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present utility model and its core idea; meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, According to the idea of the utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application range. To sum up, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of rural domestic sewage treatment system, it is characterised in that including pretreatment structures, circulating biological filter tank and artificial Wetland；It is described pretreatment structures water inlet be connected with sewage water inlet pipe, it is described pre-process structures delivery port with it is described The water inlet in circulating biological filter tank is connected, and the delivery port in the circulating biological filter tank is connected with the water inlet of the artificial swamp, The delivery port of the artificial swamp is connected with outlet pipe.

2. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pretreatment structures include The septic tank and grille well being sequentially connected, the grille well use basket grid.

3. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the circulating biological filter tank includes Intake pool, regulating reservoir and sand filter, the water inlet of the intake pool including treatment sewage, from the water return outlet of the regulating reservoir and The intake pool outlet；The regulating reservoir includes treated water outlet, returning to the outlet of the intake pool and from the sand filter The mouth of a river；The sand filter includes the entrance from the intake pool and the outlet to the regulating reservoir；The sand filter is connected to institute State between intake pool and the regulating reservoir, the outlet of the intake pool passes through reflux pump and the sand filter to the intake pool Entrance connection, between the intake pool and the regulating reservoir provided with only allow from the regulating reservoir to the outlet of the intake pool To the intake pool from the check-valves of the water return outlet of the regulating reservoir；Water-locator is provided with the top of the sand filter, described The bottom of sand filter is provided with water collector；The sand filter is higher than the height of the regulating reservoir；The regulating reservoir top is provided with excessive Flow weir；Dividing plate is additionally provided with the regulating reservoir.

4. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that be provided with sand in the sand filter Filtrate in filtering layer, the sand filter includes the less gravel of particle diameter and the larger gravel of particle diameter.

5. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the sand filter from top to bottom according to Secondary to be provided with water distribution layer, filter layer and supporting layer, the water distribution layer is made up of the larger gravel of particle diameter and water-locator, the water distribution Device equably covers the upper layer plane of whole sand filter；The filter layer by by physical absorption, precipitation, chemisorbed and/or The thinner gravel that biological chemistry action removes the solvable or gluey pollutant in sewage is constituted；The supporting layer of the sand filter Including the gravel layer being made up of larger gravel.

6. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the circulating biological filter tank is followed Ring ratio is 5~7 times.

7. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the water-locator is interval cloth Water, the water distribution cycle is interval 25min water distributions 5min.

8. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that be also equipped with the intake pool Downflow weir.

9. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the artificial swamp includes artificial Wet land filler and emergent aquactic plant.

10. rural domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the Performance of Constructed Wetlands Substrates is Sandstone.